kodak

The letter k was a favorite of George Eastman's; he is quoted as saying, "it seems a strong, incisive sort of letter."{{cite news |date=April 1962 |title=The story behind Kodak Trademark |page=40 |newspaper=Kiplinger's Personal Finance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQAEAAAAMBAJ&q=kodak%20curl%20eastman%20kiplingers&pg=PA40}} He and his mother, Maria, devised the name Kodak using an Anagrams set. Eastman said that there were three principal concepts he used in creating the name: it should be short, easy to pronounce, and not resemble any other name or be associated with anything else. According to a 1920 ad, the name "was simply invented{{snd}}made up from letters of the alphabet to meet our trade-mark requirements. It was short and euphonious and likely to stick in the public mind.""The History of a Word," full-page ad, Photoplay, March 1920, p. 88. The Kodak name was trademarked by Eastman in 1888.{{cite web |title=From the Camera Obscura to the Revolutionary Kodak |url=https://www.eastman.org/camera-obscura-revolutionary-kodak |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=George Eastman Museum |publisher= |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107181832/https://www.eastman.org/camera-obscura-revolutionary-kodak |url-status=live }} There was also a rumor that the name Kodak came from the sound made by the Kodak camera's shutter.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}File:Kodak_ad_1888.GIF

File:Eastman_Kodak_HQ_1900.jpg, {{circa}} 1910.]]

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Eastman entered a partnership with Henry Strong in 1880 and the Eastman Dry Plate Company was founded on January 1, 1881, with Strong as president and Eastman as treasurer.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=37}} Initially, the company sold dry plates for cameras, but Eastman's interest turned to replacing glass plates altogether with a new roll film process. On October 1, 1884, the company was re-incorporated as the Eastman Dry Plate and Film Company.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=44}} In 1885, Eastman patented the first practical film roll holder with William Walker, which would allow dry plate cameras to store multiple exposures in a camera simultaneously.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=50}} That same year, Eastman patented a form of paper film he called "American film".{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=43}} Eastman would continue experimenting with cameras and hired chemist Henry Reichenbach to improve the film. These experiments would culminate in an 1889 patent for nitrocellulose film.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=65-67}} As the company continued to grow, it was re-incorporated several more times. In November 1889, it was renamed the Eastman Company and 10,000 shares of stock were issued for $100.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=75-76}} On May 23, 1892, another round of capitalization occurred and it was renamed Eastman Kodak.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=91}} An Eastman Kodak of New Jersey was established in 1901 and existed simultaneously with the Eastman Kodak of New York until 1936, when the New York corporation was dissolved and its assets were transferred to the New Jersey corporation.{{Cite news |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Kodak timeline: 1878–present |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2012/01/19/kodak-timeline-1878-present/77384948/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025212508/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2012/01/19/kodak-timeline-1878-present/77384948/ |archive-date=October 25, 2022 |access-date=January 13, 2023 |work=Democrat and Chronicle}} Kodak remains incorporated in New Jersey today, although its headquarters is in Rochester.

File:You press the button, we do the rest (Kodak).jpg

File:One Kodak Camera.jpg

In 1888, the Kodak camera was patented by Eastman. It was a box camera with a fixed-focus lens on the front and no viewfinder; two V shape silhouettes at the top aided in aiming in the direction of the subject. At the top it had a rotating key to advance the film, a pull-string to set the shutter, and a button on the side to release it, exposing the celluloid film. Inside, it had a rotating bar to operate the shutter. When the user pressed the button to take a photograph, an inner rope was tightened and the exposure began. Once the photograph had been taken, the user had to rotate the upper key to change the selected frame within the celluloid tape.{{Cite web |title=Original Kodak Camera, Serial No. 540 |url=https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_760118 |access-date=January 21, 2023 |website=National Museum of American History |archive-date=December 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213190142/https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_760118 |url-status=live }}

The $25 camera came pre-loaded with a film roll of 100 exposures, and could be mailed to Eastman's headquarters in Rochester with $10 for processing. The camera would be returned with prints, negatives, and a new roll of film. Additional rolls were also sold for $2 to professional photographers who wished to develop their own photographs. By unburdening the photographer from the complicated and expensive process of film development, photography became more accessible than ever before. The camera was an immediate success with the public and launched a fad of amateur photography.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=91}} Eastman's advertising slogan, "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest", soon entered the public lexicon, and was referenced by Chauncey Depew in a speech{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=91}} and Gilbert and Sullivan in their opera Utopia, Limited.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|p=71}}

File:Kodak pocket camera advertisement 1900.JPG

In the 1890s and early 1900s, Kodak grew rapidly and outmaneuvered competitors through a combination of innovation, acquisitions, and exclusive contracts. Eastman recognized that film would return more profit than the cameras that used them, and focused on control of the film market. This razor and blades model of sales would change little for several decades.{{cite news |last=Hiltzik |first=Michael |date=December 4, 2011 |title=Kodak's long fade to black |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-hiltzik-20111204,0,507980.column |url-status=live |access-date=December 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724211234/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2011-dec-04-la-fi-hiltzik-20111204-story.html |archive-date=July 24, 2019}}{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=76}} Larger facilities were soon needed in Rochester, and the construction of Kodak Park began in 1890. Kodak purchased and opened several shops and factories in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom. The British holdings were initially organized under the Eastman Photographic Materials Company. Beginning in 1898, they were placed under the holding company Kodak Limited.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=92}} An Australian subsidiary, Australia Kodak Limited, was established in 1908.{{Cite web |title=Kodak in Australasia |url=https://museumsvictoria.com.au/kodak/history/kodak-in-australasia/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 29, 2023 |website=Museums Victoria |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129174601/https://museumsvictoria.com.au/kodak/history/kodak-in-australasia/ }} In 1931, Kodak-Pathé was established in France and Kodak AG was formed in Germany following the acquisition of Nagel.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=226}} The Brownie camera, marketed to children, was first released in 1900, and further expanded the amateur photography market.Brayer, pp. 204–206 One of the largest markets for film became the emerging motion picture industry. When Thomas Edison and other film producers formed the Motion Picture Patents Company in 1908, Eastman negotiated for Kodak to be sole supplier of film to the industry.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=139-143}} In 1914, Kodak built its current headquarters on State Street. By 1922, the company was the second-largest purchaser of silver in the United States, behind the U.S. Treasury. Beginning on July 18, 1930, Kodak was included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average.{{cite web |title=Dow Jones Industrial Average History |url=http://www.djindexes.com/mdsidx/downloads/DJIA_Hist_Comp.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004822/http://djindexes.com/mdsidx/downloads/DJIA_Hist_Comp.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=January 14, 2023 |website=Dow Jones Indexes |publisher=}}

During World War I, Kodak established a photographic school in Rochester to train pilots for aerial reconnaissance.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=150-151}} The war strained supply chains, and Eastman sought out new chemical sources the company could have direct control over. At the war's end in 1920, Kodak purchased a hardwood distillation plant in Tennessee from the federal government and established Eastman Tennessee, which later became the Eastman Chemical Company.{{Cite web |title=Eastman history |url=https://www.eastman.com/en/who-we-are/history |access-date=January 13, 2023 |website=Eastman |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114053557/https://www.eastman.com/en/who-we-are/history |url-status=live }}

Henry Strong died in 1919, after which Eastman became the company president. Eastman began to wind down his involvement in the daily management of the company in the mid-1920s, and formally retired in 1925, although he remained on the board of directors. William Stuber succeeded him as president, and managed the company along with Frank Lovejoy.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|pp=484,498}}

File:Two women holding a sign that readsEaster Holidays! Take a Kodak with you Prices from 5- (3333256161).jpg color photo from 1917 advertising Kodak ]]

In 1912, Kodak established the Kodak Research Laboratories at Building 3 in Kodak Park, with Kenneth Mees as director.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=117-120}} Research primarily focused on film emulsions for color photography and radiography. In 1915, Kodak began selling Kodachrome,{{Efn|Not to be confused with the more famous Kodachrome, first sold in 1935|group=lower-alpha}} a two-color film developed by John Capstaff at the research lab.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=117-120}} Another two-color film duplitized film was marketed for photography of X-rays as it had a short exposure time and could reduce the dosage of radiation needed to take a photo.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=299}}

Kodak became closely tied to Rochester, where most of its employees resided, and was at the vanguard of welfare capitalism during the 1910s and 1920s.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=57}} Eastman implemented a number of worker benefit programs, including a welfare fund to provide workmen's compensation in 1910 and a profit-sharing program for all employees in 1912.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|pp=354-355}}{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=191}} In 1919, he sold a large portion of his stock to company employees below market value.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}} The expansion of benefits continued after Eastman; in 1928, the company began offering life insurance, disability benefits, and retirement annuity plans for employees, at the behest of company statistician Marion Folsom.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=70}} Many other employers in the Rochester area took cues from Kodak and increased their own wages and benefits in order to remain competitive in the labor market.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=60}}

Eastman believed that offering these benefits served the interests of the company. He feared labor unions and believed that offering better compensation than that received by union workers would deter union organizing and avoid the potential costs of a company strike. Selling his stock to employees would simultaneously make it more appealing to investors, who were wary to purchase shares because of his large stake, and lower the price of the stock, which would keep anti-trust lawyers from investigating the company.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}} Because Kodak was a capital-intensive industry with a low labor-cost ratio, employee benefits contributed less to the company's expenses than they would in other industries.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}}

Employment opportunities were not extended to all Rochesterians. The company almost exclusively hired workers of an Anglo-Saxon background under Eastman,{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}} and excluded Catholic immigrants, African-Americans,{{Cite news |last=Murphy |first=Justin |date=June 7, 2021 |title=George Eastman created Rochester's middle class. Why was the Black community left behind? |pages=1, 18a |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/in-depth/news/2021/06/07/george-eastman-kodak-rochester-ny-legacy-black-race-relations-philanthropy/4755198001/ |access-date=January 14, 2023}} and Jews.{{Cite journal |date=2012 |title=Rochester Refugees, and the Jewish Community, 1930 to 1950 |url=https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v74_2012/v74i2.pdf |journal=Rochester History |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=15 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114203537/https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v74_2012/v74i2.pdf |url-status=live }} Approximately one-third of employees were female.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}} A system of family hiring, where children of employees would be hired to follow their parents, reinforced the concept of an industrial community that Eastman sought to create.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=61-65}} These practices were not seriously challenged until after World War II. As a consequence of this shared background and the robust company benefits, Kodak employees formed a close community that viewed unions as outsiders, and no attempt to organize workers at Kodak succeeded during the 20th century.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=57,61-65}}

File:Bobbie Barwell’s KODAK No.3 Autographic Camera, exhibition shot (cropped).jpg in the 1930s]]

Kodak was hard-hit by the Great Depression, although Rochester was spared from its worst effects as banks were able to remain solvent.{{Cite journal |last=Holl |first=Richard E. |date=January 1999 |title=MARION B. FOLSOM AND THE ROCHESTER PLAN OF 1931 |url=https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v61_1999/v61i1.pdf |journal=Rochester History |volume=LXI |issue=1 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113231222/https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v61_1999/v61i1.pdf |url-status=live }} Seventeen percent of the company's employees were laid off between 1929 and 1933.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=51}} Company founder George Eastman committed suicide at his home on March 14, 1932, due to his declining health.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=192-193}} From 1931 to 1936, Kodak participated in the Rochester Plan, a privately funded unemployment insurance program to assist the jobless and boost consumer spending. The program was created by Marion Folsom, who gained national recognition for his work and would later serve as a company director and cabinet secretary for Dwight D. Eisenhower. Payments were made between 1933 and 1936, when layoffs ended at Kodak. The program led to many statistical improvements at Kodak, but overall had an insignificant effect on the Rochester community, as few companies were willing to join the program.

Research projects led to a number of new Kodak products in the 1930s. At Kodak Research Laboratories, Leopold Godowsky Jr. and Leopold Mannes invented a three-color film which would be commercially viable. In 1935, the product was launched as Kodachrome.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=211-213}} The company also produced industrial high-speed cameras and began to diversify its chemical operations by producing vitamin concentrates and plastics.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=74}} In 1934, Kodak entered a partnership with Edwin Land to supply polarized lenses,{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=16-18}} after briefly considering an offer to purchase Land's patents.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=25-26}} Land would later launch the Polaroid Corporation and invented the first instant camera using emulsions supplied by Kodak.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|p=55}}

Frank Lovejoy succeeded William Stuber as company president in 1934, and Thomas J. Hargrave became president in 1941.

File:Kodak Camera Center, Gatlinburg, Tenn, Highway 71.jpg

After the American entry into World War II, Kodak ceased its production of amateur film and began supplying the American war effort at the direction of the War Production Board. The company produced film, cameras, microfilm, pontoons, synthetic fibers, RDX, variable-time fuses, and hand grenades for the government.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=242-244}}

Kodak's European subsidiaries continued to operate during the war. Kodak AG, the German subsidiary, was transferred to two trustees in 1941 to allow the company to continue operating in the event of war between Germany and the United States. The company produced film, fuses, triggers, detonators, and other material. Slave labor was employed at Kodak AG's Stuttgart and Berlin-Kopenick plants.{{Cite news |last=Friedman |first=John S. |date=March 8, 2001 |title=Kodak's Nazi Connections |work=The Nation |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/kodaks-nazi-connections/ |access-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-date=April 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410140944/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/kodaks-nazi-connections/ |url-status=live }} During the German occupation of France, Kodak-Pathé facilities in Severan and Vincennes were also used to support the German war effort.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=255}} Kodak continued to import goods to the United States purchased from Nazi Germany through neutral nations such as Switzerland. This practice was criticized by many American diplomats, but defended by others as more beneficial to the American war effort than detrimental. Kodak received no penalties during or after the war for collaboration.

After a 1943 meeting between Kenneth Mees and Leslie Groves, a team of Kodak scientists joined the Manhattan Project and enriched uranium-235 at Oak Ridge.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=242-244}}

Kodak's experiments with radiation would continue after the war. In 1945, a batch of X-ray film that the company processed mysteriously became fogged. Julian Webb, who had worked at Oak Ridge, proposed that the film had been exposed to radiation released by nuclear weapons tests. The source of the radiation was eventually traced to strawboard packaging from Vincennes, Indiana, which had been irradiated by fallout that had traveled thousands of miles northeast from the Trinity test site.{{Cite journal |last=Webb |first=J. H. |date=August 1, 1949 |title=The Fogging of Photographic Film by Radioactive Contaminants in Cardboard Packaging Materials |url=https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.76.375 |journal=Physical Review |volume=76 |issue=3 |pages=375–380 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.76.375 |bibcode=1949PhRv...76..375W |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129165257/https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.76.375 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }} After this discovery, Kodak officials became concerned that fallout would contaminate more of their film, and began monitoring atmospheric radiation levels with rainwater collection at Kodak Park.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=302}} In 1951, the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) began providing Kodak with a schedule of nuclear tests in exchange for its silence after the company threatened to sue the federal government for damage caused to film products.{{Cite news |last=Blitz |first=Matt |date=June 20, 2016 |title=When Kodak Accidentally Discovered A-Bomb Testing |work=Popular Mechanics |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a21382/how-kodak-accidentally-discovered-radioactive-fallout/ |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129165303/https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/energy/a21382/how-kodak-accidentally-discovered-radioactive-fallout/ |url-status=live }} Kodak was later contracted to create emulsions for radiation tests of fallout from nuclear tests.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=302}}

File:1949-56 Retina IIa 35mm Camera.JPGFile:Logo of the Eastman Kodak Company (1987–2006).svg – was used from 1987 until the logo's discontinuation in 2006. A revised version was reintroduced in 2016.{{cite web |title=Evolution of our brand logo |url=http://www.kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/evolutionBrandLogo.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225211640/http://www.kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/evolutionBrandLogo.jhtml |archive-date=February 25, 2012 |access-date=June 3, 2016 |publisher=Eastman Kodak}}]]

Kodak reached its zenith in the post-war era, as the usage of film for amateur, commercial, and government purposes all increased. In 1948, Tennessee Eastman created a working acetate film, which quickly replaced nitrate film in the movie industry because it was non-flammable.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=277-279}} In 1958, Kodak began marketing a line of super glue, Eastman 910.{{cite web |date=September 2004 |title=Inventor of the Week Archive |url=https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/harry-coover |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503111504/https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/harry-coover |archive-date=3 May 2009 |access-date=17 January 2023 |publisher=Lemelson-MIT Program}} Its cameras were used by NASA for space exploration.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=303-304}} In 1963, the first Instamatic cameras{{Efn|Not to be confused with Instant Cameras|group=lower-alpha}} were sold, which were the company's lowest-cost cameras to date. Annual sales passed $1 billion in 1962 and $2 billion in 1966. Albert K. Chapman succeeded Thomas Hargrave as president in 1952, and was succeeded by William S. Vaughn in 1960. Louis K. Eilers would serve as president and CEO between 1969 and 1972. In the 1970s, Kodak published important research in dye lasers,O. G. Peterson, S. A. Tuccio, B. B. Snavely, CW operation of an organic dye solution dye laser, Applied Physics Letters. 42, 1917–1918 (1970). and patented the Bayer Filter method of RGB arrangement on photosensors.{{Cite patent|country=US|number=3971065|title=Color imaging array|status=patent|pubdate=1975-03-05|gdate=1976-07-20|invent1=Bayer|inventor1-first=Bryce}}

During the Cold War, Kodak participated in a number of clandestine government projects. Beginning in 1955 they were contracted by the CIA to design cameras and develop film for the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft under the Bridgehead Program.{{Cite news |last=Memmott |first=Jim |date=2014-03-19 |title=A Kodak chapter in city's secret history |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/columnists/memmott/2014/03/18/remembering-kodak-chapter-rochesters-secret-history/6575363/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127222827/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/columnists/memmott/2014/03/18/remembering-kodak-chapter-rochesters-secret-history/6575363/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite book |last=Stowe |first=Dick |url=https://www.nro.gov/Portals/65/documents/history/csnr/programs/docs/Bridgehead%20Eastman%20Kodak%20Company.pdf?ver=2019-03-29-103653-233×tamp=1553870223588 |title=BRIDGEHEAD: Eastman Kodak Company's Covert Photoreconnaissance Film Processing Program |collaboration=Schoessler, Sherwood, Russo, Havens, Warner |publisher=National Reconnaissance Office |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-937219-12-3 |location=Chantilly |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129182057/https://www.nro.gov/Portals/65/documents/history/csnr/programs/docs/Bridgehead%20Eastman%20Kodak%20Company.pdf?ver=2019-03-29-103653-233×tamp=1553870223588 |url-status=live }} Kodak was also contracted by the National Reconnaissance Office to produce cameras for surveillance satellites such as the KH-7 Gambit and KH-9 Hexagon.{{Cite news |last=Ofgang |first=Erik |date=May 27, 2021 |title=The story of the Hexagon, a Danbury-built spy satellite that helped win the Cold War |work=Connecticut Magazine |url=https://www.ctinsider.com/connecticutmagazine/news-people/article/The-story-of-the-Hexagon-a-Danbury-built-spy-17046062.php |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129182053/https://www.ctinsider.com/connecticutmagazine/news-people/article/The-story-of-the-Hexagon-a-Danbury-built-spy-17046062.php |url-status=live }} Between 1963 and 1970, Kodak engineers worked on the cancelled Manned Orbiting Laboratory program, designing optical sensors for a crewed reconnaissance satellite. The company later performed a study for NASA on the astronomical uses of the equipment developed for MOL.{{Cite book |last=Outzen |first=James |url=https://www.nro.gov/history/csnr/programs/docs/MOL_Compendium_August_2015.pdf |title=The Dorian Files Revealed: A Compendium of the NRO's Manned Orbiting Laboratory Documents |publisher=National Reconnaissance Office |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-937219-18-5 |location=Chantilly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031035424/https://www.nro.gov/history/csnr/programs/docs/MOL_Compendium_August_2015.pdf |archive-date=October 31, 2015 }}

Kodak doubled its number of employees worldwide between 1936 and 1966. The majority remained employed in Rochester, where it was the employer of choice for most. The company continued offering higher wages and more benefits than labor market competitors, including the annual wage dividend, a bonus for all employees which typically amounted to 15% of base salary.{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=78-80}} Employee loyalty was strong, and the company experienced a turnover rate of only 13% in the 1950s, compared to 50% for American manufacturers as a whole. Journalist Curt Gerling noted that Kodak employees behaved like a separate class from other workers in Rochester, and "From the cradle infants are impressed with the fact that 'daddy is a Kodak man'; inferentially this compares with 'our father is a 33rd degree mason'".{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|pp=82-83}} A 1989 New York Times article compared Rochester to a company town.{{Cite news |last=Foderaro |first=Lisa W. |date=March 8, 1989 |title=Pollution By Kodak Brings Sense Of Betrayal |pages=1 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/08/nyregion/pollution-by-kodak-brings-sense-of-betrayal.html |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116190916/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/08/nyregion/pollution-by-kodak-brings-sense-of-betrayal.html?pagewanted=all |url-status=live }}

Kodak's business model changed little from the 1930s to the 1970s, as the company's dominant position made change unnecessary and it made no mergers or acquisitions which might bring new perspectives.{{sfn|Swasy|1997|pp=18-23}}{{sfn|Jacoby|1997|p=76}} Research and development remained focused on products related to film production and development, which caused the company to fall behind rivals Polaroid and Xerox in the development of instant cameras and photocopiers. Kodak would begin selling its own versions of each in the mid-1970s, but neither became popular. Both product lines would be abandoned in the 1990s.

File:Kodacolor II film C 126-20 126 film cartridge (1).jpg II 126 film cartridge, expiration year 1980.]]Japanese competitor Fujifilm entered the U.S. market with lower-priced film and supplies in the 1980s.{{cite news |date=January 14, 2012 |title=The last Kodak moment? |newspaper=The Economist |url=http://www.economist.com/node/21542796 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=September 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210101911/https://www.economist.com/business/2012/01/14/the-last-kodak-moment |archive-date=December 10, 2022}} Fuji defeated Kodak in a bid to become the official film of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, which gave it a permanent foothold in the market. Fuji opened a film plant in the U.S. and its aggressive marketing and price cutting began taking market share from Kodak, rising from a 10% share in the early 1990s to 17% in 1997. Fuji also made headway into the professional market with specialty transparency films such as Velvia and Provia, which competed with Kodak's signature professional product, Kodachrome.

Encouraged by shareholders, the company began cutting benefits and making large layoffs to save money.{{sfn|Swasy|1997|pp=39,47,54-58}} Despite the competition, Kodak's revenues and profits continued to increase during the 1990s, due to the strategy changes and an overall expansion of the global market. Under CEO George M. C. Fisher, Kodak's annual revenue peaked at $16 billion in 1996 and profits peaked at $2.5 billion in 1999.

In May 1995, Kodak filed a petition with the US Commerce Department under section 301 of the Commerce Act arguing that its poor performance in the Japanese market was a direct result of unfair practices adopted by Fuji. The complaint was lodged by the United States with the World Trade Organization.{{cite web |last= |title=DS44 Japan – Measures Affecting Consumer Photographic Film and Paper |url=http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds44_e.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011908/https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds44_e.htm |archive-date=June 1, 2013 |access-date=January 16, 2023 |website= |publisher=WTO}} On January 30, 1998, the WTO announced a "sweeping rejection of Kodak's complaints" about the film market in Japan.

A price war between the two companies began in 1997, eating into Kodak's profits.{{cite web |last=Finnerty |first=Thomas C. |date=2000 |title=KODAK VS. FUJI: THE BATTLE FOR GLOBAL MARKET SHARE |url=http://www.pace.edu/emplibrary/tfinnerty.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122055118/https://www.pace.edu/emplibrary/tfinnerty.pdf |archive-date=November 22, 2009 |access-date=January 16, 2023 |website=Pace University}} Kodak's financial results for 1997 showed that the company's revenues dropped from $15.97 billion in 1996 to $14.36 billion in 1997, a fall of more than 10%; its net earnings went from $1.29 billion to just $5 million for the same period. Kodak's market share declined from 80.1% to 74.7% in the United States, a one-year drop of five percentage points.{{cite web |title=The Kodak – Fuji Rivalry | Business Strategy Case Studies | Business, Management Strategies Cases | Case Study |url=http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20strategy1/The%20Kodak%20-%20Fuji%20Rivalry.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229024551/https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20strategy1/The%20Kodak%20-%20Fuji%20Rivalry.htm |archive-date=February 29, 2008 |access-date=January 16, 2023 |publisher=Icmrindia.org}}

Fuji and Kodak recognized the upcoming threat of digital photography, and although both sought to diversify as a mitigation strategy, Fuji was more successful at diversification. Fuji stopped production of motion picture film in 2013, leaving Kodak as the last major producer.{{Cite news |last=Gorbman |first=Randy |date=January 31, 2020 |title=Kodak signs deals to continue supply of motion picture film |work=WXXI News |url=https://www.wxxinews.org/business/2020-01-31/kodak-signs-deals-to-continue-supply-of-motion-picture-film |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116182954/https://www.wxxinews.org/business/2020-01-31/kodak-signs-deals-to-continue-supply-of-motion-picture-film |url-status=live }}

File:Logo_of_the_Eastman_Kodak_Company_(2006-2016).svg.]]

Despite the common misconception that the industry titan's refusal to invest in digital cameras led to its downfall, Kodak was actively involved in the development and production of digital cameras.{{cite web |last1=Aldred |first1=John |title=Kodak could have dominated digital photography |url=https://www.diyphotography.net/kodak-could-have-dominated-digital-photography/ |website=DIY Photography |date=September 25, 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025}}{{cite web |last1=Ries |first1=Al |title=Marketing Myth-Busting: Kodak Wasn't Slow to Digital; It Was the First One In |url=https://adage.com/article/al-ries/marketing-myth-busting-kodak-digital/232226 |website=Ad Age |date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Crain Communications, Inc |access-date=4 January 2025}} In 1972, Roger VanHeyningen, the Director of the Physics Division in Kodak Research Labs (KRL), established a small laboratory where researchers began investigating the basic processes of the metal oxide semiconductor technology used to manufacture Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image sensors.{{Cite book |title=Journey: 75 Years of Kodak Research |year=1989 |isbn=0-87985-653-X |location=Rochester, New York |pages=137–139}} In early 1974, KRL began an effort to develop a one-piece color video camera / recorder (now known as a camcorder), to replace home movie cameras which used 8mm film.{{Cite news |last=Memmott |first=Jim |date=September 26, 2021 |title=Take photos with your phone? You have these two Kodak researchers to thank |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/columnists/memmott/2021/09/24/two-kodak-researchers-peter-dillon-and-albert-brault-won-emmys/5810575001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241222035852/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/columnists/memmott/2021/09/24/two-kodak-researchers-peter-dillon-and-albert-brault-won-emmys/5810575001/ |archive-date=2024-12-22 |access-date=2023-12-13 |work=Rochester Democrat & Chronicle}} While working on this project, Kodak Scientist Peter L. P. Dillon invented integral color image sensors{{Cite book |last=Dillon |first=Peter |chapter=Integral color filter arrays for solid state imagers |date=1976 |title=1976 International Electron Devices Meeting |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1478779 |pages=400–403 |doi=10.1109/IEDM.1976.189067 }} and single-sensor color video cameras,{{Cite journal |last=Dillon |first=Peter |title=Color Imaging System Using a Single CCD Area Array |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1050992 |journal=IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits |date=1978 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=28–33|doi=10.1109/JSSC.1978.1050992 |bibcode=1978IJSSC..13...28D |url-access=subscription }} which are now ubiquitous in products such as smart phone cameras, digital cameras and camcorders, digital cinema cameras, medical cameras, automobile cameras, and drones. In 1982, Kodak designed and manufactured a color CCD image sensor having 360,000 pixels, the highest resolution sensor available at the time.{{Cite book |title=Kodak 1982 Annual Report |year=}}File:Asahi Pentax S3 with film.jpg cartridge alongside Asahi Pentax film camera. The shift from film to digital greatly affected Kodak's business.]]Kodak employee Steven Sasson developed the first handheld digital camera in 1975 using a monochrome CCD manufactured by Fairchild having 10,000 pixels.{{Cite patent|country=US|number=4131919|title=Electronic still camera|status=patent|pubdate=1977-15-20|gdate=1978-12-26|invent1=Lloyd|invent2=Sasson|inventor1-first=Gareth|inventor2-first=Steven}}{{cite web |date=September 18, 2007 |title=Steven Sasson named to CE Hall of Fame |url=http://www.letsgodigital.org/en/16859/ce-hall-of-fame/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221005331/http://www.letsgodigital.org/en/16859/ce-hall-of-fame/ |archive-date=December 21, 2007 |access-date=March 14, 2012 |website=letsgodigital.org |publisher=}} Larry Matteson, another employee, wrote a report in 1979 predicting a complete shift to digital photography would occur by 2010. However, company executives were reluctant to make a strong pivot towards digital technology at the time, since it would require heavy investment for a very limited market and put the company into direct competition with established firms in the computer hardware industry.{{sfn|Grant|2015|pp=560-561}}

Under CEOs Colby Chandler and Kay Whitmore, Kodak instead attempted to diversify its chemical operations. Although these new operations were given large budgets, there was little long-term planning or assistance from outside experts, and most of them resulted in large losses.{{sfn|Swasy|1997|pp=35-37}} Another effort to diversify failed when Kodak purchased Sterling Drug in 1988 at a cost of $5.1 billion. The drug company was overvalued and soon lost money.{{sfn|Swasy|1997|pp=37-38,42}} Research and development at Kodak Research Laboratories was directed into digital technology during the 1980s, laying the groundwork for a future digital shift.

Kodak sought to establish a presence in the information systems market, acquiring Unix developer Interactive Systems Corporation in early 1988 to operate as a subsidiary of Kodak's newly established software systems division.{{ cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1988160-211/page/n72/mode/1up | title=Kodak to Acquire Interactive Systems | work=Unigram/X | date=21 March 1988 | access-date=1 September 2024 | pages=1 }} Kodak's resources enabled Interactive to expand their business, but this raised issues with regard to Kodak's strategy,{{cite news |date=12 June 1988 |title=Interactive Systems Opens London Office – Aids OSF Confusion |url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1988160-211/page/n138/mode/1up |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=Unigram/X |pages=1}} since the company had previously acquired a 7% stake, diluted to 4.5% by subsequent share issues, in prominent Unix systems vendor Sun Microsystems.{{ cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1988160-211/page/n12/mode/1up | title=AT&T Buys Sun Shares at a Premium | work=Unigram/X | date=16 January 1988 | access-date=1 September 2024 | pages=1 }} Interactive's role in Kodak's strategy was to deliver Unix-based imaging products and to support Kodak's introduction of Photo CD. Interactive planned to release a distribution of Unix System V Release 4 featuring comprehensive support for imaging peripherals such as scanners and printers, along with facilities for colour management and colourspace conversion.{{ cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1991314-365/page/n125/mode/1up | title=...as Kodak Builds up for Unix-Based Desktop Imaging | work=Unigram/X | date=20 May 1991 | access-date=1 September 2024 | pages=2 }} Later in 1991, however, Kodak put Interactive up for sale, attracting interest from various technology companies including the SunSoft subsidiary of Sun Microsystems, on whose Solaris operating system Interactive had undertaken development work.{{cite news |date=9 September 1991 |title=Interactive up for Sale – SunSoft the Likely Buyer |url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1991314-365/page/n232/mode/1up |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=Unigram/X |pages=1}} SunSoft eventually acquired the systems products division of Interactive in early 1992, leaving the services and technologies division with Kodak,{{ cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1992366-416/mode/1up | title=SunSoft Finally Closes Interactive Deal | work=Unigram/X | date=6 January 1992 | access-date=1 September 2024 | pages=1 }} until its eventual sale to SHL Systemhouse in 1993.{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/details/UnigramX1993417-467/page/n8/mode/1up | title=Systemhouse Takes Interactive off Eastman Kodak's Hands | work=Unigram/X | date=11 January 1993 | access-date=16 November 2024 | pages=3 }} Kodak would continue its relationship with Sun as a notable customer, integrating various Sun technologies in its document management products.{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_electronic-news_1995-03-20_41_2057/page/20/mode/1up | title=Sun, Kodak In $250M Agreement | magazine=Electronic News | date=20 March 1995 | access-date=9 September 2024 | pages=20 }} Kodak would later sue Sun for infringing three software patents acquired by Kodak in 1997 from Wang Laboratories.{{ cite web | url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/sun-settles-kodaks-java-suit-for-92-million/ | title=Sun settles Kodak's Java suit for $92 million | website=CNET | date=7 October 2004 | access-date=9 September 2004 | last1=Shankland | first1=Stephen }}

In 1993, Whitmore announced the company would restructure, and he was succeeded by George M. C. Fisher, a former Motorola CEO, later that year.{{sfn|Swasy|1997|pp=50,59}} Under Fisher, the company abandoned diversification in chemicals and focused on an incremental shift to digital technology.{{sfn|Grant|2015|pp=560-561}} Tennessee Eastman was spun off as Eastman Chemical on January 1, 1994,{{Cite news |date=December 11, 1993 |title=COMPANY NEWS; ONE EASTMAN CHEMICAL SHARE SET FOR 4 OF KODAK |pages=41 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/11/business/company-news-one-eastman-chemical-share-set-for-4-of-kodak.html |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903082610/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/11/business/company-news-one-eastman-chemical-share-set-for-4-of-kodak.html |url-status=live }} and Sterling Drug's remaining operations were sold in August 1994.{{Cite news |date=August 30, 1994 |title=Kodak to Sell Remaining Sterling Winthrop Unit : Drugs: SmithKline Beecham will buy the consumer health products business for $2.925 billion. |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-08-30-fi-32940-story.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905201746/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-08-30-fi-32940-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2019}} Eastman Chemical later became a Fortune 500 company in its own right. A key component of the incremental strategy was Kodak's line of digital self-service kiosks installed in retail locations, where consumers could upload and edit photos, as a replacement for traditional photo developers. Kodak also began manufacturing digital cameras, such as the Apple QuickTake.{{sfn|Grant|2015|pp=560-561}} Film sales continued to rise during the 1990s, delaying the digital transition from occurring faster.{{sfn|Grant|2015|pp=560-561}}

In 2001, film sales began to fall.{{cite web |last1=Hamm |first1=Steve |last2=Symonds |first2=William C. |date=November 27, 2006 |title=Mistakes Made On The Road To Innovation |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_48/b4011421.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206024326/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_48/b4011421.htm |archive-date=December 6, 2006 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |website=Businessweek |publisher=}} Under Daniel Carp, Fisher's successor as CEO, Kodak made an aggressive move in the digital camera market with its EasyShare family of digital cameras. By 2005, Kodak ranked No. 1 in the U.S. in digital camera sales, which surged 40% to $5.7 billion. The company also began selling digital medical image systems after acquiring the Israel-based companies Algotec Systems and OREX Computed Radiography.{{cite news |date=November 18, 2003 |title=Kodak acquires Algotec for $42.5 million |newspaper=The Engineer |url=http://www.theengineer.co.uk/news/kodak-acquires-algotec-for-$425-million/268516.article |access-date=December 3, 2011 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806015324/https://www.theengineer.co.uk/kodak-acquires-algotec-for-42-5-million/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |date=January 18, 2005 |title=Kodak to Purchase OREX, Leader in Computed Radiography Products for Specialty Markets |newspaper=Diagnostico Journal |url=http://www.diagnosticojournal.com/articulos/172-1-Kodak_to_Purchase_OREX__Leader_in_Computed_Radiography_Products_for_Specialty_MarketsMarketsk_to_Purchase_OREX__Leader_in_Computed_Radiography_Products_for_Specialty.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426014937/http://www.diagnosticojournal.com/articulos/172-1-Kodak_to_Purchase_OREX__Leader_in_Computed_Radiography_Products_for_Specialty_MarketsMarketsk_to_Purchase_OREX__Leader_in_Computed_Radiography_Products_for_Specialty.html |archive-date=April 26, 2012}} Despite the initial high growth in sales, digital cameras had low profit margins due to strong competition,{{cite news |last1=Jinks |first1=Beth |last2=Childs |first2=Mary |date=January 20, 2012 |title=Kodak Bankruptcy May Shed Photography, Bet on Digital Printing |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-19/kodak-bankruptcy-may-shed-photography-bet-on-digital-printing.html |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125023730/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-19/kodak-bankruptcy-may-shed-photography-bet-on-digital-printing |url-status=live }} and the market rapidly matured. Its digital cameras soon were undercut by Asian competitors that could produce and sell cheaper products. Many digital cameras were sold at a loss as a result.{{cite news |date=January 22, 2012 |title=Kodak: What led to bankruptcy |publisher=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/kodak-what-led-to-bankruptcy/article1-800633.aspx |url-status=dead |access-date=January 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313000246/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/kodak-what-led-to-bankruptcy/article1-800633.aspx |archive-date=March 13, 2014}} The film business, where Kodak enjoyed high profit margins, also continued to fall. The combination of these two factors caused a decline in profits. By 2007, Kodak had dropped to No. 4 in U.S. digital camera sales with a 9.6% share, and by 2010, had dropped to a 7% share, in seventh place behind Canon, Sony, Nikon, and others, according to research firm IDC.{{cite news |last=Scheyder |first=Ernest |date=December 24, 2011 |title=As Kodak struggles, Eastman Chemical thrives |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastman-kodak-idUSTRE7BN06B20111224 |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118075050/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastman-kodak-idUSTRE7BN06B20111224 |archive-date=January 18, 2016}} An ever-smaller share of digital pictures were being taken on dedicated digital cameras, being gradually displaced by cameras on cellphones, smartphones, and tablets. Digital camera sales peaked in 2007 and declined afterwards.{{Cite news |last=Crook |first=Jordan |date=January 21, 2012 |title=What Happened To Kodak's Moment? |work=Techcrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/01/21/what-happened-to-kodaks-moment/ |access-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122051326/https://techcrunch.com/2012/01/21/what-happened-to-kodaks-moment/ |url-status=live }}

File:Kodak_Tower_Commercial_Street_(adjusted).jpg in Rochester, New York]]

Kodak began another strategy shift after Antonio Pérez became CEO in 2005. While Kodak had previously done all development and manufacturing in-house, Pérez shut down factories and outsourced or eliminated manufacturing divisions. Kodak agreed to divest its digital camera manufacturing operations to Flextronics in August 2006, including assembly, production and testing.{{cite news |date=August 2, 2006 |title=Kodak Posts a Wider Loss |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=November 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104181700/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40A16FA3B5B0C718CDDA10894DE404482 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |date=August 2, 2006 |title=Slumping film sales leave Kodak figures deep in red |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/aug/02/2 |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809003936/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2006/aug/02/2 |url-status=live }} The company exited the film camera market altogether, and began to end the production of film products.{{cite news |date=January 22, 2004 |title=Kodak cuts 15,000 jobs worldwide |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3419211.stm |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144843/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3419211.stm |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Teather |first=David |date=January 23, 2004 |title=Kodak pulls shutter down on its past |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/23/newmedia.gadgets?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 |access-date=January 2, 2012 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809003247/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2004/jan/23/newmedia.gadgets?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 |url-status=live }} In total, 13 film plants and 130 photo finishing facilities were closed, and 50,000 employees laid off between 2004 and 2007.{{cite web |last1=Scheyder |first1=Ernest |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Focus on past glory kept Kodak from digital win |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kodak-bankruptcy/focus-on-past-glory-kept-kodak-from-digital-win-idUSTRE80I1N020120119 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715142056/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kodak-bankruptcy/focus-on-past-glory-kept-kodak-from-digital-win-idUSTRE80I1N020120119 |archive-date=July 15, 2019 |website=Reuters |language=en}} In 2009, Kodak announced that it would cease selling Kodachrome color film, ending 74 years of production, after a dramatic decline in sales.{{cite news |date=June 22, 2009 |title=Kodak Will Retire Kodachrome, Its Oldest Color Film Stock |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/technology/companies/23kodak.html |access-date=December 26, 2011 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109041351/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/technology/companies/23kodak.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Topping |first=Alexandra |date=June 23, 2009 |title=Mama, they've taken away my nice bright Kodachrome colours |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/jun/23/kodachrome-colour-film-photograpy-paul-simon-afghan-girl?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 |access-date=December 26, 2011 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809002057/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/jun/23/kodachrome-colour-film-photograpy-paul-simon-afghan-girl?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 |url-status=live }}

Pérez invested heavily in digital technologies and new services that capitalized on its technology innovation to boost profit margins. He also spent hundreds of millions of dollars to build up a high-margin printer ink business to replace falling film sales, a move which was widely criticized due to the amount of competition present in the printer market, which would make expansion difficult.{{sfn|Grant|2015|p=567}} Kodak's ink strategy rejected the razor and blades business model used by dominant market leader Hewlett-Packard by selling expensive printers with cheaper ink cartridges.{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Andrew |date=October 20, 2011 |title=Kodak's Bet on Its Printers Fails to Quell the Doubters |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/business/kodaks-bet-on-its-printers-fails-to-quell-the-doubters.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723014506/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/business/kodaks-bet-on-its-printers-fails-to-quell-the-doubters.html?pagewanted=print |archive-date=July 23, 2016}} In 2011, these new lines of inkjet printers were said to be on verge of turning a profit, although some analysts were skeptical as printouts had been replaced gradually by electronic copies on computers, tablets, and smartphones. Inkjet printers continued to be viewed as one of the company's anchors after it entered bankruptcy proceedings. However, in September 2012 declining sales forced Kodak to announce an exit from the consumer inkjet market.{{cite news |date=September 28, 2012 |title=Kodak quits printers, wants new deadline |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/09/28/kodak-quits-printer-business/1600265/ |access-date=September 29, 2012 |archive-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730220737/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2012/09/28/kodak-quits-printer-business/1600265/ |url-status=live }}

Kodak's finances and stock value continued to decline, and in 2009 the company negotiated a $300 million loan from KKR.{{Cite news |date=December 27, 2011 |title=Two resign from Kodak board; represented KKR |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kodak-directors/two-resign-from-kodak-board-represented-kkr-idUSTRE7BQ1C720111228 |access-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118213749/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kodak-directors/two-resign-from-kodak-board-represented-kkr-idUSTRE7BQ1C720111228 |url-status=live }} A number of divisions were sold off to repay debts from previous investments, most notably the Kodak Health Group, one of the company's profitable units.{{cite web |date=May 1, 2007 |title=Kodak Completes Sale of Health Group to Onex |url=http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&pq-locale=en_US&gpcid=0900688a806e5a56 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013211327/http://kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&pq-locale=en_US&gpcid=0900688a806e5a56 |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=January 7, 2008 |publisher=Eastman Kodak}} Kodak used the $2.35 billion from the sale to fully repay its approximately $1.15 billion of secured term debt. Around 8,100 employees from the Kodak Health Group transferred to Onex, which was renamed Carestream Health. In 2010, Kodak was removed from the S&P 500.{{cite news |date=December 12, 2010 |title=S&P ousts Kodak, but its shares rise |periodical=Democrat and Chronicle |location=Rochester, New York |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20101212/BUSINESS/12120316/1001/business/S%26P-ousts-Kodak--but-its-shares-rise |access-date=December 13, 2010 |issn=1088-5153 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213955/http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20101212/BUSINESS/12120316/1001/business/S%26P-ousts-Kodak--but-its-shares-rise |url-status=live }}

In the face of growing debts and falling revenues, Kodak also turned to patent litigation to generate revenue.{{cite news |last=Mattioli |first=Dana |date=April 19, 2010 |title=At Kodak, Patents Hold the Key to the Future |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703757504575194331184972428 |access-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-date=November 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109024941/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703757504575194331184972428 |url-status=live }} In 2010, it received $838 million from patent licensing that included a settlement with LG. Between 2010 and 2012, Kodak and Apple sued each other in multiple patent infringement lawsuits.{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2011 |title=NOTICE OF COMMISSION DETERMINATION TO AFFIRM IN PART AND REVERSE IN PART A DETERMINATION OF NO VIOLATION OF SECTION 337; REMAND OF THE INVESTIGATION FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS |url=http://usitc.gov/secretary/fed_reg_notices/337/337_703_notice06302011sgl.pdf |url-status=live |website=United States International Trade Commission |access-date=July 5, 2011 |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925162749/https://usitc.gov/secretary/fed_reg_notices/337/337_703_notice06302011sgl.pdf }}{{Cite news |last=Musil |first=Steven |date=March 8, 2012 |title=Apple barred from pursuing patent claims against Kodak |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/apple-barred-from-pursuing-patent-claims-against-kodak/ |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129030134/https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/apple-barred-from-pursuing-patent-claims-against-kodak/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=July 22, 2012 |title=Kodak Loses Patent Suit Against Apple and RIM |pages=B2 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/business/kodak-loses-patent-lawsuit-against-apple-and-rim.html |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129030132/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/business/kodak-loses-patent-lawsuit-against-apple-and-rim.html |url-status=live }}

By 2011, Kodak was rapidly using up its cash reserves, stoking fears of bankruptcy; it had $957 million in cash in June 2011, down from $1.6 billion in January 2001.{{cite web |title=Kodak may file for bankruptcy |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kodak-prepares-for-bankruptcy-filing-report/218047-7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109005233/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kodak-prepares-for-bankruptcy-filing-report/218047-7.html |archive-date=January 9, 2012 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |work=IBNLive |publisher=IN |type=Report}} Later that year, Kodak reportedly explored selling off or licensing its vast portfolio of patents to stave off bankruptcy. In December 2011, two board members who had been appointed by KKR resigned. By January 2012, analysts suggested that the company could enter bankruptcy followed by an auction of its patents, as it was reported to be in talks with Citigroup to provide debtor-in-possession financing.{{cite news |last1=McCarty |first1=Dawn |last2=Jinks |first2=Beth |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Kodak Files for Bankruptcy Protection |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-19/kodak-photography-pioneer-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-1-.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306094637/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-19/kodak-photography-pioneer-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-1-.html |archive-date=March 6, 2012}}{{cite news |last=Haunss |first=Kristen |date=January 13, 2012 |title=Kodak Said in Talks With Citigroup on Bankruptcy Financing |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-13/kodak-said-to-hold-talks-with-citigroup-on-bankruptcy-financing.html |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314132040/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-01-13/kodak-said-to-hold-talks-with-citigroup-on-bankruptcy-financing.html |archive-date=March 14, 2012}} This was confirmed on January 19, 2012, when the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and obtained a $950 million, 18-month credit facility from Citigroup to enable it to continue operations.{{cite news |date=January 19, 2012 |title=Kodak files for bankruptcy, plans biz overhaul |newspaper=Business Standard |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/kodak-files-for-bankruptcy-plans-biz-overhaul/155687/on |url-status=live |access-date=January 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218023446/https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/kodak-files-for-bankruptcy-plans-biz-overhaul-112011900119_1.html |archive-date=February 18, 2013}} Under the terms of its bankruptcy protection, Kodak had a deadline of February 15, 2013, to produce a reorganization plan.{{cite news |title=Kodak gets 2013 deadline to reorganise |work=IBNLive |publisher=IN |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kodak-gets-2013-deadline-to-reorganise/222878-11.html |url-status=dead |access-date=January 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123194720/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/kodak-gets-2013-deadline-to-reorganise/222878-11.html |archive-date=January 23, 2012}} In January 2013, the Court approved financing for Kodak to emerge from bankruptcy by mid 2013.{{cite web |last=Gilbert |first=Ben |date=January 23, 2013 |title=Court approves Kodak financing, could exit bankruptcy by mid-2013 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/01/23/kodak-exiting-bankruptcy-/ |access-date=March 3, 2013 |publisher=Engadget.com |archive-date=June 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620041857/https://www.engadget.com/2013/01/23/kodak-exiting-bankruptcy-/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |last=Brachmann |first=Steve |date=November 1, 2014 |title=The Rise and Fall of the Company that Invented Digital Cameras{{!}} Patents & Patent Law |url=http://www.ipwatchdog.com/2014/11/01/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-company-that-invented-digital-cameras/id=51953/ |access-date=May 24, 2017 |website=IPWatchdog.com {{!}} Patents & Patent Law |archive-date=November 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114183710/https://www.ipwatchdog.com/2014/11/01/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-company-that-invented-digital-cameras/id=51953/ |url-status=live }}

During bankruptcy proceedings, Kodak sold many of its patents for approximately $525 million to a group of companies (including Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Samsung, Adobe Systems, and HTC) under the names Intellectual Ventures and RPX Corporation.{{Cite web |last=Adamczyk |first=Maciej |date=December 20, 2012 |title=Apple i Google pośród firm, które zapłaciły za patenty Kodaka 525 milionów dolarów |url=https://magazynt3.pl/apple-i-google-posrod-firm-ktore-zaplacily-za-patenty-kodaka-525-milionow-dolarow/ |access-date=August 22, 2020 |website=Magazyn T3 |language=pl-PL |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812085625/https://magazynt3.pl/apple-i-google-posrod-firm-ktore-zaplacily-za-patenty-kodaka-525-milionow-dolarow/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last1=Skillings |first1=Jon |last2=Kerstetter |first2=Jim |date=December 19, 2012 |title=Kodak sells its imaging patents for $525M |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/kodak-sells-its-imaging-patents-for-525m/ |access-date=August 22, 2020 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030928/https://www.cnet.com/news/kodak-sells-its-imaging-patents-for-525m/ |url-status=live }} Kodak announced that it would end the production of several products, including digital cameras, pocket video cameras, digital picture frames, and inkjet printers.{{cite news |last=Pepitone |first=Julianne |date=February 9, 2012 |title=Kodak ditches digital camera business |work=CNN |url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/09/technology/kodak_digital_cameras/ |access-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-date=November 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129070500/https://money.cnn.com/2012/02/09/technology/kodak_digital_cameras/ |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Kodak Exits Bankruptcy |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/business/kodak-exits-bankruptcy.html |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116182954/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/04/business/kodak-exits-bankruptcy.html |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |date=February 9, 2012 |title=Kodak to Cease Digital Camera Production |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2400039,00.asp |magazine=PC Magazine |access-date=February 9, 2012}}{{cite news |date=February 9, 2012 |title=Kodak Focuses Consumer Business On More Profitable Growth Opportunities |publisher=Kodak |url=http://www.kodak.com/ek/US/en/Kodak_Focuses_Consumer_Business_On_More_Profitable_Growth_Opportunities.htm |access-date=February 9, 2012 |archive-date=April 2, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402085028/http://www.kodak.com/ek/US/en/Kodak_Focuses_Consumer_Business_On_More_Profitable_Growth_Opportunities.htm |url-status=live }} As part of a settlement with the UK-based Kodak Pension Plan, Kodak agreed to sell its photographic film, commercial scanners, and photo kiosk operations, which were reorganized as a spinoff company, Kodak Alaris.{{cite web |last=Lowe |first=Scott M. |date=August 24, 2012 |title=Kodak announces plans to sell still film, commercial scanner, and kiosk divisions |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/8/24/3264414/kodak-sell-film-scanner-kiosk-divisions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730223034/https://www.theverge.com/2012/8/24/3264414/kodak-sell-film-scanner-kiosk-divisions |archive-date=July 30, 2020 |access-date=August 24, 2012 |website=The Verge}} The Image Sensor Solutions (ISS) division of Kodak was sold to Truesense Imaging Inc.{{cite web |title=Truesense Imaging Announces Independent Operation – Truesense Imaging, Inc |url=http://www.truesenseimaging.com/news-and-events/2-truesense-imaging-announces-company-name-as-an-independent-operation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517003237/http://www.truesenseimaging.com/news-and-events/2-truesense-imaging-announces-company-name-as-an-independent-operation |archive-date=May 17, 2013 |access-date=March 3, 2013 |publisher=Truesenseimaging.com}}

On September 3, 2013, Kodak announced that it emerged from bankruptcy as a technology company focused on imaging for business.{{cite news |last=Daneman |first=Matthew |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Kodak bankruptcy officially ends |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/03/kodak-bankruptcy-ends/2759965/ |access-date=October 1, 2013 |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031215416/https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/09/03/kodak-bankruptcy-ends/2759965/ |url-status=live }} Its main business segments would be Digital Printing & Enterprise and Graphics, Entertainment & Commercial Films.{{cite web |date=April 30, 2013 |title=DISCLOSURE STATEMENT FOR DEBTORS' JOINT PLAN OF REORGANIZATION UNDER CHAPTER 11 OF THE BANKRUPTCY CODE |url=http://www.kccllc.net/kodak/document/1210202130430000000000033 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722131907/http://www.kccllc.net/kodak/document/1210202130430000000000033 |archive-date=July 22, 2013 |access-date=October 1, 2013 |website=Kurtzman Carson Consultants}}

Kodak's decline and bankruptcy were damaging to the Rochester area. Its jobs were largely replaced with lower-paying ones, contributing to a high poverty rate in the city.{{Cite news |last=Owens |first=Cassie |date=January 15, 2018 |title=Can the City of Kodak and Xerox Rebuild Its Workforce for the Digital Age? |work=Nextcity.org |url=https://nextcity.org/features/can-the-city-of-kodak-and-xerox-rebuild-its-workforce-for-the-digital-age |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203110019/https://nextcity.org/features/can-the-city-of-kodak-and-xerox-rebuild-its-workforce-for-the-digital-age |url-status=live }} Between 2007 and 2018, real GDP losses from Kodak canceled out the growth in all other sectors in Rochester.{{Cite news |last=Gardner |first=Kent |date=March 4, 2019 |title=Kodak's long shadow |work=Rochester Beacon |url=https://rochesterbeacon.com/2019/03/04/kodaks-long-shadow/ |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116175433/https://rochesterbeacon.com/2019/03/04/kodaks-long-shadow/ |url-status=live }}

On March 12, 2014, Kodak announced that Jeffrey J. Clarke had been named as chief executive officer and a member of its board of directors.{{cite web |date=March 12, 2014 |title=Jeff Clarke Elected CEO of Kodak |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140312005708/en/Jeff-Clarke-Elected-CEO-Kodak#.UyBnas51nsL |website=Businesswire |access-date=March 12, 2014 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805022508/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140312005708/en/Jeff-Clarke-Elected-CEO-Kodak#.UyBnas51nsL |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Calia |first=Michael |date=March 12, 2014 |title=Kodak Names Tech Veteran as CEO |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304185104579434932681693844 |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 12, 2014 |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503234026/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304185104579434932681693844 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |date=March 12, 2014 |title=Kodak Names Oribitz Chairman Clarke as New CEO |work=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-12/kodak-names-orbitz-chairman-clarke-as-new-ceo-to-replace-perez.html |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=August 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821103732/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-12/kodak-names-orbitz-chairman-clarke-as-new-ceo-to-replace-perez |url-status=live }} At the end of 2016, Kodak reported its first annual profit since bankruptcy.{{Cite news |last=Clausen |first=Todd |date=March 7, 2017 |title=Kodak turns first annual profit since bankruptcy |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2017/03/07/kodak-16-revenues-were-off-10-percent/98851926/ |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001014902/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2017/03/07/kodak-16-revenues-were-off-10-percent/98851926/ |url-status=live }}

In recent years, Kodak has licensed its brand to a number of other companies. The California-based company JK Imaging has manufactured Micro Four-Thirds cameras under the Kodak brand since 2013.{{cite web |last=明 |first=星编辑 |date=April 19, 2013 |title=P&E：单电外观曝光 柯达重现展会现场 |url=http://dcdv.zol.com.cn/368/3680754.html |publisher=Zol |place=CN |language=zh |access-date=April 26, 2013 |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103115849/http://dcdv.zol.com.cn/368/3680754.html |url-status=live }} The Kodak Ektra, a smartphone, was designed by the Bullitt Group and launched in 2016.{{Cite news |last=Walton |first=Mark |date=October 20, 2016 |title=Kodak Ektra smartphone is aimed at photographers, but specs say otherwise |work=Ars Technica |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/kodak-ektra-price-specs-release-date/ |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116182954/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2016/10/kodak-ektra-price-specs-release-date/ |url-status=live }} Digital tablets were announced with Archos in 2017.{{cite web |title=KODAK Tablets launch throughout Europe |url=http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/Press_center/KODAK_Tablets_launch_throughout_Europe/default.htm |access-date=August 24, 2017 |website=www.kodak.com |language=en |archive-date=July 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709220812/https://www.kodak.com/us/en/corp/press_center/kodak_tablets_launch_throughout_europe/default.htm |url-status=live }} In 2018, Kodak announced two failed cryptocurrency products; the cryptocurrency KodakCoin, which was developed by RYDE Holding, Inc.,Jeremy Herron, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-09/kodak-stock-surges-after-announcing-coin-to-join-crypto-craze "Kodak Surges After Announcing Plans to Launch Cryptocurrency Called 'Kodakcoin',"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023945/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-09/kodak-stock-surges-after-announcing-coin-to-join-crypto-craze |date=November 9, 2020 }} Bloomberg Businessweek, January 9, 2018. and the Kodak Kashminer, a Bitcoin-mining computer which was developed by Spotlite.{{Cite news |date=July 16, 2018 |title=Kodak Bitcoin mining scheme evaporates |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-44845291 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120022516/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-44845291 |url-status=live }}

In 2016, the Kodak spinoff company eApeiron was founded with assets acquired from Kodak and an investment by Alibaba. The company's mission is to eliminate “knock offs” and promote authenticity.{{Cite web |last=Brooks |first=Khristopher J. |title=Kodak launches e-commerce spinoff eApeiron |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/blogs/business/2016/06/30/eapeiron-kodak-aliababa-ecommerce-solutions/86551044/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=Democrat and Chronicle |language=en-US |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130105355/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/blogs/business/2016/06/30/eapeiron-kodak-aliababa-ecommerce-solutions/86551044/ |url-status=live }}

Despite the pivot to digital technology, film remains a major component of Kodak's business. The company continues to supply film to the motion picture industry after signing new agreements with major studios in 2015 and 2020. In 2022, Kodak announced it would hire new film technicians after film photography experienced a revival among hobbyists.{{Cite web |last=Growcoot |first=Matt |date=2022-10-12 |title=Kodak is Hiring Film Technicians: 'We Cannot Keep Up with Demand' |url=https://petapixel.com/2022/10/12/we-cannot-keep-up-with-demand-kodak-are-hiring-film-technicians/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=PetaPixel |language=en |archive-date=November 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125102104/https://petapixel.com/2022/10/12/we-cannot-keep-up-with-demand-kodak-are-hiring-film-technicians/ |url-status=live }}

Kodak is currently arranged in four business reporting segments: Traditional Print, Digital Print, Advanced Material & Chemicals (including Motion Picture) and Brand (Brand licensing of consumer products produced by third parties).{{cite web |url=https://investor.kodak.com/static-files/c58fc175-5ea3-46c0-9575-e3ecf92f0c4d |title=Quarterly report which provides a continuing view of a company's financial position |website=www.kodak.com |access-date=2023-05-04 |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504121200/https://investor.kodak.com/static-files/c58fc175-5ea3-46c0-9575-e3ecf92f0c4d |url-status=live }}

Kodak is the primary provider of film stock to the American motion picture industry, and also provides packaging, functional printing, graphic communications, and professional services for international businesses.{{cite news |last=Hedeen |first=Mike |date=September 3, 2013 |title=Kodak Announces Emergence From Bankruptcy |work=YNN |url=http://rochester.ynn.com/content/news/692326/kodak-announces-emergence-from-bankruptcy/ |url-status=dead |access-date=October 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102185437/http://rochester.ynn.com/content/news/692326/kodak-announces-emergence-from-bankruptcy/ |archive-date=November 2, 2013}}

Kodak Alaris, UK holds the rights to still photographic films and the Kodak Moments photo kiosk businesses which formed part of the 2012 bankruptcy settlement. They also held the rights to the Photo Paper, Photochemicals, Display and Software businesses (PPDS) but sold these to Sino Promise, China in 2020.{{cite web |url=https://www.insideimaging.com.au/2020/Exclusive:-kodak-paper-business-to-china/ |title=EXCLUSIVE: Kodak paper business to china |website=www.insideimaging.com.au |access-date=2023-04-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} In 2023 Sino Promise relinquished the photochemical rights which reverted to Eastman Kodak, who re-licensed them (see brand).

• KodaCOLOR Fabric Inks
• KodaLUX Fabric coating
• Silver Anti-microbial materials and coating

• Toll manufacture of specialty chemicals

• Kodak Aerocolor IV 125 2460 Color Negative Aerial Film
• Kodak ACCUMAX plotter films for printed circuit boards
• Kodak ESTAR polyester films

Since the 2000s, most movies across the world have been captured and distributed digitally.{{Cite web |title=Qube Cinema Supports Cinecolor in Its Transition to Digital Cinema in Latin America |url=http://www.qubecinema.com/events/news/2013/qube-cinema-supports-cinecolor-its-transition-digital-cinema-latin-america |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311092607/http://qubecinema.com/events/news/2013/qube-cinema-supports-cinecolor-its-transition-digital-cinema-latin-america |archive-date=2016-03-11 |access-date=2014-12-05 |website=qubecinema.com}}{{Cite magazine |title=How Digital Conversion Is Killing Independent Movie Theaters |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/how-digital-conversion-is-killing-independent-movie-theaters-20130904 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}{{Cite web |last=Hurley |first=Michael |date=2 January 2014 |title=Studios Abandon Film, Small Theaters Struggle – And Ther – Indiewire |url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/as-studios-abandon-35-mm-film-small-theaters-struggle-to-transition-to-digital |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201064107/http://www.indiewire.com/article/as-studios-abandon-35-mm-film-small-theaters-struggle-to-transition-to-digital |archive-date=2016-02-01 |website=Indiewire}} But, some moviemakeres still prefer to use film picture formats to achieve the desired results.{{Cite web |date=26 May 2015 |title=Film vs. Digital: A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages |url=http://petapixel.com/2015/05/26/film-vs-digital-a-comparison-of-the-advantages-and-disadvantages/ |access-date=2016-06-28 |website=PetaPixel}}

Motion picture camera films are produced in 8mm, 16mm and 35mm. In addition to the camera films listed below, a number of motion picture technical stocks are also produced e.g. inter-negatives, duplication sound, and final print films, together with the process chemicals.{{Cite web |title=MOTION PICTURE |url=https://www.kodak.com/en/motion/home |access-date=May 1, 2023 |website=Kodak.com |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819181726/https://www.kodak.com/en/motion/home/ |url-status=live }}

Camera films

• Black & white negative stock
• Kodak Double X 5222/7222
• Black & white reversal stock
• Kodak Tri-X 7266
• Color negative stocks
• Kodak Vision 3 50D 5203/7203
• Kodak Vision 3 250D 5207/7207
• Kodak Vision 3 200T 5213/7213
• Kodak Vision 3 500T 5219/7219
• Color reversal stocks
• Kodak Ektachrome 100D 7294

Eastman Kodak continues to manufacture Kodak-branded still films on behalf of Kodak Alaris, which holds the rights to the sale, marketing and distribution of these products.

Eastman Kodak also undertakes contract coating and/or packaging for other still film brands, including Cinestill (remjet free versions of color movie films), Lomography color negative films and Fujifilm, who starting in 2022 procured production of some color negative films from their former business rival. Due to shortage of still films, 35mm motion picture stock has also been made available to still film consumers by 3rd parties such as Flic Film.{{cite web |url=https://www.35mmc.com/03/09/2022/new-fresh-kodak-vision3-and-ecn-2-chemistry-from-flicfilm/ |title=New Fresh Kodak Vision3 and ECN-2 Chemistry from FlicFilm |website=www.35mmc.com |date=September 3, 2022 |access-date=2023-04-30 |archive-date=May 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504162904/https://www.35mmc.com/03/09/2022/new-fresh-kodak-vision3-and-ecn-2-chemistry-from-flicfilm/ |url-status=live }}{{better source needed|date=June 2023}}

Eastman Kodak currently produces several photographic film products in 35mm and 120 film formats. In response to the growing demand for film by hobbyists, Kodak launched a newly formulated version of the discontinued Ektachrome 100 in 35mm film format in September 2018.{{cite web |last=Shah |first=Saqib |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Kodak's retro Ektachrome film arrives after a long wait |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/kodaks-retro-ektachrome-film-arrives-after-a-long-wait/ar-AAACg54 |access-date=September 26, 2018 |website=MSN |language=en-US |archive-date=August 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811171740/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/kodaks-retro-ektachrome-film-arrives-after-a-long-wait/ar-AAACg54 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Marcia |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Kodak: Ektachrome is back |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2018/09/25/kodak-announces-return-ektachrome-roc/1419604002/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Democrat and Chronicle |language=en-US |archive-date=January 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128125544/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2018/09/25/kodak-announces-return-ektachrome-roc/1419604002/ |url-status=live }} The following year, the company announced the film stock in 120 and 4x5 film formats.{{Cite web |last=Mike |date=2019-12-10 |title=Kodak Alaris Announces EKTACHROME E100 in 120 and 4x5 Formats |url=https://filtergrade.com/kodak-alaris-announces-ektachrome-e100-120-and-4x5-formats/ |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=FilterGrade |language=en-US |archive-date=November 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125102104/https://filtergrade.com/kodak-alaris-announces-ektachrome-e100-120-and-4x5-formats/ |url-status=live }}

File:Kodak Ultramax 400 film boxes before and after 2023 rebrand.jpgFile:Kodak Single Use Camera 2023 800 speed film.jpg

• B&W negative film
• Kodak Tri-X 320
• Kodak Tri-X 400
• Kodak TMAX 100
• Kodak TMAX 400
• Kodak TMAX P3200
• Color negative film (consumer)
• Kodak ColorPlus/Kodacolor 200
• Kodak ProImage 100
• Kodak Gold 200
• Kodak Ultramax 400
• Kodak Ultramax 800 (Single use cameras)
• Color negative film (professional)
• Kodak Ektar 100
• Kodak Portra 160
• Kodak Portra 400
• Kodak Portra 800
• Color reversal film
• Kodak Ektachrome E100

Kodak produces commercial inkjet printers, electrophotographic printing equipment, and related consumables and services.{{cite news |url= http://whattheythink.com/articles/65235-kodak-proclaims-we-are-ready-whatever-life-after-chapter-11-may-bring/ |title= Kodak Proclaims, 'We Are Ready' for Whatever Life after Chapter 11 May Bring |date= September 6, 2013 |access-date= November 11, 2013 |archive-date= August 6, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200806005010/https://whattheythink.com/articles/65235-kodak-proclaims-we-are-ready-whatever-life-after-chapter-11-may-bring/ |url-status= live }} At present, Kodak sells the Prosper, Nexfinity, and Uteco lines of commercial printers,{{Cite web |title=Digital Printing Presses, Printers, & Solutions |url=https://www.kodak.com/en/print/products/digital |access-date=January 20, 2023 |website=Eastman Kodak |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060502/https://www.kodak.com/en/print/products/digital |url-status=live }} and the Prosper and Versamark imprinting systems.{{cite news |date=September 3, 2013 |title=AP EXCLUSIVE: Kodak CEO talks company's future |url=https://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-kodak-ceo-talks-companys-future-185654044--finance.html |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805131957/https://news.yahoo.com/ap-exclusive-kodak-ceo-talks-companys-future-185654044--finance.html |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |date=September 4, 2013 |title=Update: Kodak exits Chapter 11 |url=https://www.printweek.com/print-week/news/1130664/update-kodak-exits-chapter |magazine=PrintWeek |access-date=November 11, 2013 |archive-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730202714/https://www.printweek.com/print-week/news/1130664/update-kodak-exits-chapter |url-status=dead }} Kodak designs and manufactures products for flexography printing through its Flexcel brand.{{cite web |title=KODAK FLEXCEL NX System – Kodak Graphic Communications Group |url=http://graphics.kodak.com/CA/en/product/flexographic/flexcel_nx_digital_flexographic_system/default.htm?_requestid=14052 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407105842/http://graphics.kodak.com/CA/en/product/flexographic/flexcel_nx_digital_flexographic_system/default.htm?_requestid=14052 |archive-date=April 7, 2012 |access-date=December 11, 2011 |publisher=Graphics.kodak.com}} The company has also sold a line of computer to plate (CTP) devices since 1995.{{Cite web |date=February 29, 2016 |title=Kodak Announces Improved CTP Automation Portfolio |url=https://www.printingnews.com/software-workflow/prepress/press-release/12175648/eastman-kodak-company-kodak-announces-improved-ctp-automation-portfolio |url-status=live |access-date=January 20, 2023 |website=Eastman Kodak |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060505/https://www.printingnews.com/software-workflow/prepress/press-release/12175648/eastman-kodak-company-kodak-announces-improved-ctp-automation-portfolio }}

The company currently has partnerships with touch-panel producers for functional printing, including ones with UniPixel announced on April 16, 2013, and Kingsbury Corp. launched on June 27, 2013.{{cite news |url= http://www.cio-today.com/story.xhtml?story_id=011000Q13XOQ&page=2 |title= Kodak Sees Bright Future in Imaging for Business |date= September 5, 2013 |access-date= November 11, 2013 |archive-date= January 23, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210123225948/https://newsfactor.com/ |url-status= live }}{{cite news |url= http://www.rbj.net/article.asp?aID=195318 |title= Kodak, Kingsbury ink deal on touch-screen sensors |date= June 27, 2013 |access-date= November 11, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131113232116/http://www.rbj.net/article.asp?aID=195318 |archive-date= November 13, 2013 |url-status= dead }}{{cite news |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2013/09/25/kodak-unipixel-have-renamed-their-touch-screen-sensor-line/2872245/ |title=Kodak, UniPixel have renamed their touch-screen sensor line |date=September 25, 2013 |access-date=January 31, 2014 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028142947/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2013/09/25/kodak-unipixel-have-renamed-their-touch-screen-sensor-line/2872245/ |url-status=live }}

In 1997, Heidelberg Printing Machines AG and Eastman Kodak Co. created Nexpress Solutions LLC, a joint venture to develop a digital color printing press for the high-end market segment. Heidelberg acquired Eastman Kodak Co.'s Office Imaging black and white digital printing activities in 1999.{{cite news |last1=Ackley |first1=Reid |title=Both Kodak, Heidelberg see gain in sale |url=https://rbj.net/1999/03/19/both-kodak-heidelbergsee-gain-in-sale/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=Rochester Business Journal |date=March 19, 1999 |archive-date=September 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901230049/https://rbj.net/1999/03/19/both-kodak-heidelbergsee-gain-in-sale/ |url-status=live }} In March 2004, Heidelberg transferred its Digital Print division to Kodak under mutual agreement.{{cite web |date=April 1, 2004 |title=Kodak To Buy Heidelberg's Digital Business |work=In-Plant Graphics |url=http://www.inplantgraphics.com/article/kodak-to-buy-heidelbergs-digital-business-13356/ |access-date=September 2, 2015 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915204501/http://www.inplantgraphics.com/article/kodak-to-buy-heidelbergs-digital-business-13356/ |url-status=live }}File:Digital Druckerei 2010-by-RaBoe-03.jpg

The Kodak brand is licensed to several consumer products produced by other companies, such as the PIXPRO line of digital cameras manufactured by JK Imaging.{{Cite web |title=ABOUT JK IMAGING |url=https://kodakpixpro.com/about-jk-imaging/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Kodakpixpro.com |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119214529/https://kodakpixpro.com/about-jk-imaging/ |url-status=live }}

File:Kodak battery.jpg

Kodak licenses its brand on alkaline, lithium, hearing aid and button cell batteries.{{Cite web |title=KODAK Power Solutions |url=https://www.kodak.com/en/consumer/products/power-solutions |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=Kodak |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323195911/https://www.kodak.com/en/consumer/products/power-solutions |url-status=live }}

The brand rights to Kodak professional photo chemistry, passed to Kodak Alaris in 2012 as part of the bankruptcy settlement. In 2020 Alaris sold these rights to Sino Promise, China a supplier of the color chemistry for minilabs. However, in early 2023 Sino Promise decided to exit the business. This enabled Photo Systems Inc. US, who had been a manufacturer of some of the products for Kodak Alaris, to acquire the brand rights directly from Eastman Kodak in September 2023, with the intent to re-introduce the full range of Black & White, C-41, RA-4 and E6 photochemistry.{{Cite web |title=Photo Systems Inc brings Kodak Professional-branded development chemicals back into production |url=https://kosmofoto.com/2023/11/photo-systems-inc-brings-kodak-professional-branded-development-chemicals-back-into-production/ |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Kosmophoto.com |date=November 15, 2023 |language=en }}

File:Kodak Instamatic 104.jpg

File:Folding Pocket Kodak Camera ad 1900.jpg

Kodak continues to produce specialty films and film for newer and more popular consumer formats, but it has discontinued the manufacture of film in most older formats. Among its most famous discontinued film brands was Kodachrome.

Kodak was a leading producer of silver halide paper used for printing from film and digital images.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} In 2005, Kodak announced it would stop producing black-and-white photo paper.{{cite news |date=June 16, 2005 |title=Kodak to Stop Making Black-and-White Paper |publisher=Fox News |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159782,00.html |access-date=January 7, 2008 |archive-date=May 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516085849/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,159782,00.html |url-status=live }} All paper manufacturing operations were transferred to Kodak Alaris in 2013.{{Cite news |date=September 4, 2013 |title=Kodak photo business now 'Kodak Alaris' |work=Inside Imaging |url=https://www.insideimaging.com.au/2013/kodak-photo-business-now-kodak-alaris/ |access-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122014835/https://www.insideimaging.com.au/2013/kodak-photo-business-now-kodak-alaris/ |url-status=live }}

Kodak sold film cameras from the time of its founding until 2007, beginning with the Kodak no. 1 in 1888. In the 20th century, Kodak's most popular models were the Brownie, sold between 1900 and 1986,{{Cite news |last=Muzdakis |first=Madaleine |date=March 21, 2021 |title=Learn How the Affordable Kodak Brownie Camera Made Photography Accessible |work=My Modern Met |url=https://mymodernmet.com/kodak-brownie-camera/ |access-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060502/https://mymodernmet.com/kodak-brownie-camera/ |url-status=live }} and the Instamatic, sold between 1968 and 1988.{{Cite news |last=Morrell |first=Alan |date=December 31, 2015 |title=Whatever Happened To ... Instamatic cameras? |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/rocroots/2015/12/31/whatever-happened-kodak-instamatic-cameras/78142968/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520203401/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/local/rocroots/2015/12/31/whatever-happened-kodak-instamatic-cameras/78142968/ |url-status=live }}

Between 1914 and 1932, an autographic feature on Kodak cameras provided a means for recording data on the margin of the negative at the time of exposure.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=120}}

In 1982, Kodak launched a newly developed disc film cameras. The cameras initially sold well due to their compact size, but were unpopular due to their poor image quality, and were discontinued in 1988.{{Cite news |last=Morrell |first=Alan |date=May 2, 2014 |title=Whatever Happened To ... Kodak disc cameras? |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2014/05/02/whatever-happened-kodak-disc-cameras/8643517/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321013556/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2014/05/02/whatever-happened-kodak-disc-cameras/8643517/ |url-status=live }}File:Kodak Automatic 8.jpg

On January 13, 2004, Kodak announced it would stop marketing traditional still film cameras (excluding disposable cameras) in the United States, Canada and Western Europe, but would continue to sell film cameras in India, Latin America, Eastern Europe and China. By the end of 2005, Kodak had ceased manufacturing cameras that used the Advanced Photo System. Kodak licensed the manufacture of Kodak branded cameras to Vivitar in 2006.{{Cite web |date=2008-03-06 |title=Plans for Kodak-branded SLR unveiled |url=https://amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Plans_for_Kodakbranded_35mm_filmbased_SLR_camera_unveiled_Vivitar_signs_twoyear_deal_to_make_Kodak_film_cameras_news_196274.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517060655/https://amateurphotographer.co.uk/news/Plans_for_Kodakbranded_35mm_filmbased_SLR_camera_unveiled_Vivitar_signs_twoyear_deal_to_make_Kodak_film_cameras_news_196274.html |archive-date=2008-05-17 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Amateur Photographer}}

Kodak purchased a concept for a slide projector from Italian-American inventor Louis Misuraca in the early 1960s.{{Cite news |last=Rawsthorn |first=Alice |date=2013-01-20 |title=It's a Spaceship! No, It's a Time Machine |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/21/arts/design/its-a-spaceship-no-its-a-time-machine.html |access-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127104311/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/21/arts/design/its-a-spaceship-no-its-a-time-machine.html |url-status=live }} The Carousel line of slide projectors was launched in 1962, and a patent was granted to Kodak employee David E. Hansen in 1965.{{Cite patent|country=US|number=201106|title=Combined slide projector and slide tray|status=patent|pubdate=1961-12-22|gdate=1965-05-11|invent1=Hansen|inventor1-first=David}} Kodak ended the production of slide projectors in October 2004.{{Cite news |last=Stuever |first=Hank |date=2004-12-06 |title=Last Picture Show; Eastman Kodak Puts Its Slide Projector Away for Good |work=Forbes |url=http://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/general/2004/12/06/generalbhsuper_2004_12_06_REC_0000-0956-KEYWORD.Missing.html?partner=yahoo&referrer= |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050321152427/http://www.forbes.com:80/technology/feeds/general/2004/12/06/generalbhsuper_2004_12_06_REC_0000-0956-KEYWORD.Missing.html?partner=yahoo&referrer= |archive-date=2005-03-21}}

One early Kodak product bridging digital technology with projection techniques was the Kodak Datashow, featuring a translucent liquid crystal display panel that was placed on an overhead projector instead of a conventional transparency, with the panel being connected to the display card of a personal computer to accept its video output. This arrangement permitted the computer's display to be projected onto a projection screen or wall, making it suitable for viewing by audiences of more than "a handful of people". Limitations included the monochrome nature of the panel along with a lack of resolution and contrast. However, at just above the "psychologically important £1,000 mark", the product was competitive when considering the pricing of larger colour monitors appropriate for group viewing.{{ cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/details/practical-computing/PracticalComputing-1987-06/page/72/mode/2up | title=Kodak Datashow | magazine=Practical Computing | last1=Stobie | first1=Ian | date=June 1987 | access-date=15 December 2023 | pages=72–73 }}

Kodak was the exclusive supplier of negatives for Polaroid cameras from 1963 until 1969, when Polaroid chose to manufacture its own instant film. In 1976, Kodak began selling its own line of EK instant camera models. These were followed by the Colorburst in 1979 and the Kodamatic in 1982. After losing a patent battle with Polaroid Corporation, Kodak left the instant camera business in 1986.{{cite web |date=October 12, 1990 |title=Polaroid Corp. v. Eastman Kodak Co. |url=http://www.bustpatents.com/kodak0.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609094623/http://www.bustpatents.com/kodak0.htm |archive-date=June 9, 2007}}

In the early 1970s, Kodak began research into CCD sensor image sensors. Kodak developed the first megapixel sensor in a 2/3 inch format, which was marketed in the Videk Megaplus Camera in 1987.{{Cite book |last1=Martin |first1=G. J. |last2=Womack |first2=K. H. |last3=Fischer |first3=J. H. |chapter=A High Resolution CCD Camera for Scientific and Industrial Imaging Applications |date=January 1, 1987 |title=Current Developments in Optical Engineering II |journal=SPIE Proceedings |volume=0818 |issue=Current Developments in Optical Engineering II |page=301 |doi=10.1117/12.978902|bibcode=1987SPIE..818..301M |s2cid=120740840 }} In 1991, the KAF-1300, a 1.3 megapixel sensor, was used in Kodak's first commercially sold digital camera, the DCS-100.{{Cite journal |last=Santo |first=Brian R. |date=May 2, 2009 |title=25 microchips that shook the world |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/25-microchips-that-shook-the-world |journal=IEEE Spectrum |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=34–43 |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2009.4907384 |s2cid=20539726 |url-access=subscription |via=IEEE |access-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120021015/https://spectrum.ieee.org/25-microchips-that-shook-the-world |url-status=live }} The company began producing its first CMOS image sensors in 2005.{{Cite news |date=July 11, 2005 |title=Sensors alter Kodak's focus |work=EE Times |url=https://www.eetimes.com/sensors-alter-kodaks-focus/ |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129004525/https://www.eetimes.com/sensors-alter-kodaks-focus/ |url-status=live }}

The Bayer filter, a method of RGB color display for image sensors, was patented by Kodak scientist Bryce Bayer in 1976. In 2007, a successor to the Bayer filter for digital cameras was created by company scientists John Compton and John Hamilton, which added white pixels to the RGB display.{{cite web |date=June 14, 2007 |title=Color Filter Array 2.0 |url=http://johncompton.1000nerds.kodak.com/default.asp?item=624876 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720002510/http://johncompton.1000nerds.kodak.com/default.asp?item=624876 |archive-date=July 20, 2007}}

In 2011, Kodak sold its Image Sensor Solutions business to Platinum Equity, which was renamed Truesense shortly after.{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Liana |date=2011-11-07 |title=Kodak sells image sensor business to Platinum Equity |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastmankodak/kodak-sells-image-sensor-business-to-platinum-equity-idUSTRE7A708720111108 |access-date=2023-01-28 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129004522/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastmankodak/kodak-sells-image-sensor-business-to-platinum-equity-idUSTRE7A708720111108 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Kodak's image-sensor spin-off gets a name: Truesense |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/kodaks-image-sensor-spin-off-gets-a-name-truesense/ |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129004522/https://www.cnet.com/culture/kodaks-image-sensor-spin-off-gets-a-name-truesense/ |url-status=live }}

In 1983, Kodak introduced a non-standard 3.3 million byte diskette; it was manufactured by an outside company, DriveTec.{{cite news |date=December 14, 1983 |title=Kodak Diskettes |pages=D18 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/14/business/kodak-diskettes.html |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=May 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524140416/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/14/business/kodak-diskettes.html |url-status=live }} Another was announced in 1984.{{cite news |date=October 23, 1984 |title=Announcement By Kodak Due |pages=D5 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/23/business/announcement-by-kodak-due.html |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201182453/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/23/business/announcement-by-kodak-due.html |url-status=live }} Kodak's 1985 purchase of Verbatim,{{cite news |author=Diamond |first=Stuart |date=March 14, 1985 |title=Kodak in Accord To Buy Verbatim |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/14/business/kodak-in-accord-to-buy-verbatim.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127225120/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/14/business/kodak-in-accord-to-buy-verbatim.html |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |pages=D6}} a floppy disk manufacturer with over 2,000 employees,{{cite news |author=Day |first=Kathleen |date=March 14, 1985 |title=Kodak to Buy Verbatim for $175 Million |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-14-fi-26752-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125144730/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-14-fi-26752-story.html |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times}} expanded their presence. Part of this acquisition was Verbatim's Data Encore unit, which "copies software onto floppy disks in a way that makes it difficult for software 'pirates' to re-copy the material."{{cite news

|newspaper=Los Angeles Times

|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-21-fi-20859-story.html

|title=Polaroid bought Data Encore from Verbatim

|date=March 21, 1985

|access-date=August 31, 2020

|archive-date=November 29, 2020

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129014554/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-21-fi-20859-story.html

|url-status=live

}}

In 1990 Kodak exited the diskette business and sold Verbatim to Mitsubishi Kasei, the forerunner of Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation. Kodak held onto Verbatim's optical disk unit.{{cite news |date=March 28, 1990 |title=Kodak to Sell Verbatim to Mitsubishi Kasei |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-28-fi-205-story.html |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125234507/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-28-fi-205-story.html |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Kodak DCS|Kodak EasyShare}}

File:KodakES Z1015IS.jpg

The Kodak DCS series of digital single-lens reflex cameras and digital camera backs were released by Kodak in the 1990s and 2000s, and discontinued in 2005.{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2005 |title=NOTICE OF DISCONTINUANCE |url=http://www.kodak.com/global/en/professional/products/cameras/proSLRc/proSLRcIndex.jhtml?id=0.1.18.22.3.14&lc=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107102610/http://www.kodak.com/global/en/professional/products/cameras/proSLRc/proSLRcIndex.jhtml?id=0.1.18.22.3.14&lc=en |archive-date=January 7, 2006 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Eastman Kodak}} They were based on existing 35mm film SLRs from Nikon and Canon.{{Cite web |title=KODAK PROFESSIONAL DCS Pro SLR/c Digital Camera |url=https://www.kodak.com/global/en/professional/products/cameras/proSLRc/proSLRcIndex.jhtml?id=0.1.18.22.3.14&lc=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010080746/https://www.kodak.com/global/en/professional/products/cameras/proSLRc/proSLRcIndex.jhtml?id=0.1.18.22.3.14&lc=en |archive-date=October 10, 2004 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |website=Eastman Kodak}} In 2003, the Kodak EasyShare series was launched. Kodak extensively studied customer behavior, finding that women in particular enjoyed taking digital photos but were frustrated by the difficulty in moving them to their computers. Kodak attempted to fill this niche with a wide range of products which made it easy to share photos via PCs. One of their key innovations was a printer dock which allowed consumers to insert their cameras into a compact device and print photos with the press of a button. In April 2006, Kodak introduced the Kodak EasyShare V610, at that time the world's smallest 10× (38–380 mm) optical zoom camera at less than 2.5 cm (an inch) thick.{{cite news |last=Sullivan |first=Terry |date=April 25, 2006 |title=Kodak's Small, Sleek…Superzoom? |publisher=PC Mag |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1953057,00.asp |access-date=December 19, 2011 |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707165506/https://www.pcmag.com/archive/kodaks-small-sleek133superzoom-176522 |url-status=live }}{{cite magazine |date=April 25, 2006 |title=Kodak intros wireless digital cameras |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/50515/2006/04/kodak.html |magazine=Macworld |access-date=December 19, 2011 |archive-date=August 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805005113/https://www.macworld.com/article/1050515/kodak.html |url-status=dead }}

Many of Kodak's early compact digital cameras were designed and built by Chinon Industries, a Japanese camera manufacturer. In 2004, Kodak Japan acquired Chinon and many of its engineers and designers joined Kodak Japan.{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2004 |title=Kodak cuts 15,000 jobs & buys Chinon |url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/3283129716/kodakjoblosses |url-status=live |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Digital Photography Review |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117184633/https://www.dpreview.com/articles/3283129716/kodakjoblosses }} In July 2006, Kodak announced that Flextronics would manufacture and help design its digital cameras.{{Cite web|title=Kodak outsources much of its manufacturing to Flextronics|url=https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/2189/kodak-outsources-much-of-its-manufacturing-to-flextronics|access-date=January 15, 2021|website=www.reliableplant.com|language=en|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124215250/https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/2189/kodak-outsources-much-of-its-manufacturing-to-flextronics|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=January 8, 2016|title=Flextronics to manufacture cameras for Kodak|url=https://www.eetimes.com/flextronics-to-manufacture-cameras-for-kodak/|access-date=January 15, 2021|website=EE Times|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124223436/https://www.eetimes.com/flextronics-to-manufacture-cameras-for-kodak/|url-status=live}}

Kodak ended the production of its digital cameras in 2012.

Kodak first entered the digital picture frame market with the Kodak Smart Picture Frame in the fourth quarter of 2000. It was designed by Weave Innovations and licensed to Kodak with an exclusive relationship with Weave's StoryBox online photo network.{{cite web |url=http://www.gadgetcentral.com/weave_storybox.htm |title=Weave Innovations StoryBox |date=April 4, 2000 |publisher=Gadget Central |access-date=May 18, 2007 |archive-date=February 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224154832/http://www.gadgetcentral.com/weave_storybox.htm |url-status=dead }} Smart Frame owners connected to the network via an analog telephone connection built into the frame. The frame could hold 36 images internally and came with a six-month free subscription to the StoryBox network.{{cite web |url=http://www.twice.com/article/CA66632.html |title=Digital Frames Make Inroads In Consumer Market |date=March 12, 2001 |first=Greg |last=Scoblete |publisher=Twice |access-date=January 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014192507/http://twice.com/article/CA66632.html |archive-date=October 14, 2007 }}

Kodak re-entered the digital photo frame market at CES in 2007 with the introduction of four new EasyShare-branded models, some of which included Wi-Fi capability to connect with the Kodak Gallery.{{Cite news |last=Carnoy |first=David |date=January 9, 2007 |title=Kodak's new digital photo frames have Wi-Fi, play sound and video |work=CNET |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/kodaks-new-digital-photo-frames-have-wi-fi-play-sound-and-video/ |access-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060502/https://www.cnet.com/culture/kodaks-new-digital-photo-frames-have-wi-fi-play-sound-and-video/ |url-status=live }} Kodak ended the production of digital picture frames in 2012.{{Cite news |date=February 9, 2012 |title=Kodak to stop making cameras, digital frames |work=San Diego Tribune |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-kodak-to-stop-making-cameras-digital-frames-2012feb09-story.html |access-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060502/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-kodak-to-stop-making-cameras-digital-frames-2012feb09-story.html |url-status=live }}

{{Main|Kodak Gallery}}

In June 2001, Kodak purchased the photo-developing website Ofoto, later renamed Kodak Gallery. The website enabled users to upload their photos into albums, publish them into prints, and create mousepads, calendars, and other products. On March 1, 2012, Kodak announced that it sold Kodak Gallery to Shutterfly for $23.8 million.{{cite news|last=Rubin|first=Ben Fox|title=Kodak Agrees to Sell Gallery to Shutterfly|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203753704577255783463040036|access-date=March 12, 2012|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=March 1, 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730210141/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203753704577255783463040036|url-status=live}}

Kodak research into LED technology produced a number of innovations beginning in the 1980s. In 1986, Kodak unveiled the first high-volume LED printer.{{Cite news |date=September 3, 1986 |title=Kodak unveils LED printer |work=UPI |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/09/03/Kodak-unveils-LED-printer/3988526104000/ |access-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110223109/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/09/03/Kodak-unveils-LED-printer/3988526104000/ |url-status=live }} Kodak chemists Ching Wan Tang and Steven Van Slyke created the first practical organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in 1987.{{Cite web |title=Ching Wan Tang |url=https://www.invent.org/inductees/ching-wan-tang |url-status=live |access-date=January 16, 2023 |website=National Inventors Hall of Fame |archive-date=January 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112163548/https://www.invent.org/inductees/ching-wan-tang }}{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=C. W. |last2=Vanslyke |first2=S. A. |year=1987 |title=Organic electroluminescent diodes |journal=Applied Physics Letters |volume=51 |issue=12 |page=913 |bibcode=1987ApPhL..51..913T |doi=10.1063/1.98799}} In 1999, Kodak entered a partnership with Sanyo to produce OLED displays.{{cite web |last=Hara |first=Yoshiko |date=2001-12-06 |title=Sanyo, Kodak ramp OLED production line |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1144240 |access-date=January 21, 2023 |website=Eetimes.com}} Kodak sold its OLED business unit to LG Electronics in December 2009.{{cite web |last=Daneman |first=Matthew |date=December 4, 2009 |title=Kodak to sell a technology it largely pioneered |url=http://rocnow.com/article/business/200991204006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207085624/http://rocnow.com/article/business/200991204006 |archive-date=December 7, 2009 |access-date=January 19, 2012 |publisher=Democrat and Chronicle}}

Kodak's first radiographic film was produced in 1896.{{sfn|Collins|1990|p=299}}

In the 1970s, Kodak developed the Ektachem Analyzer, a clinical chemistry analyzer. The devices were first sold in 1980 after receiving FDA approval.{{Cite journal |last1=Curme |first1=Henry |last2=Rand |first2=Royden |date=September 1, 1997 |title=Early history of Eastman Kodak Ektachem slides and instrumentation |url=https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/43/9/1647/5641009?login=false |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=1647–1652 |doi=10.1093/clinchem/43.9.1647 |pmid=9299947 |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122051320/https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/43/9/1647/5641009?login=false |url-status=live |doi-access=free }}

In 2007 Kodak agreed to sell Kodak Health Group to Onex Corporation for $2.35 billion in cash, and up to $200 million in additional future payments if Onex achieved specified returns on the acquisition.{{cite web |date=January 10, 2007 |title=Kodak to Sell Health Group to Onex for up to $2.55 billion |url=http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&gpcid=0900688a8064b37b&ignoreLocale=true&pq-locale=en_US&_requestid=405 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013211309/http://kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&gpcid=0900688a8064b37b&ignoreLocale=true&pq-locale=en_US&_requestid=405 |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=January 7, 2008 |publisher=Eastman Kodak}} The sale was completed May 1.

Kodak's involvement in document imaging technology began when George Eastman partnered with banks to image checks in the 1920s. Kodak subsidiary Recordak was founded in 1928 to manufacture some of the first microfilm.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=242-244}}{{Cite news |date=March 10, 1928 |title=NEW EASTMAN SUBSIDIARY |pages=23 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/10/archives/new-eastman-subsidiary-recordak-corporation-formed-with-1000-000.html |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129004522/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/10/archives/new-eastman-subsidiary-recordak-corporation-formed-with-1000-000.html?searchResultPosition=6 |url-status=live }} Kodak acquired the Bowe Bell & Howell scanner division in 2009.{{Cite news |date=January 13, 2009 |title=Kodak Announces Agreement to Acquire Scanner Division of BÖWE BELL + HOWELL |work=Eastman Kodak |url=https://www.realwire.com/releases/kodak-announces-agreement-to-acquire-scanner-division-of-b-we-bell-howell |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120021009/https://www.realwire.com/releases/kodak-announces-agreement-to-acquire-scanner-division-of-b-we-bell-howell |url-status=live }} The Document Imaging division was transferred to Kodak Alaris in 2013.

Kodak entered the plain paper photocopier market in 1975 with the Kodak Ektaprint 100 Copier-Duplicator.{{Cite news |date=October 22, 1975 |title=KODAK INTRODUCES PLAIN-PAPER COPIER |pages=76 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/22/archives/kodak-introduces-plainpaper-copier.html |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129172155/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/22/archives/kodak-introduces-plainpaper-copier.html?searchResultPosition=9 |url-status=live }} In 1986 they announced the Ektaprint 235 copier-duplicator, capable of producing 5,100 copies per hour, and the Ektaprint 300, capable of producing 6,000 copies per hour.{{Cite web |date=June 24, 1986 |title=Kodak unveils high-volume copiers |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/06/24/Kodak-unveils-high-volume-copiers/7582519969600/ |access-date=2021-11-08 |website=UPI |language=en |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108032907/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/06/24/Kodak-unveils-high-volume-copiers/7582519969600/ |url-status=live }} In 1988 IBM exited the Photocopier industry, selling its interests to Kodak for an undisclosed sum.{{Cite web|date=1988-04-20|title=Kodak to Buy Big Part of IBM Copier Business|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-20-fi-1304-story.html|access-date=2021-11-08|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108032906/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-04-20-fi-1304-story.html|url-status=live}} On Sept. 10, 1996 Kodak announced it was selling its Copier business to Danka for $684 million in cash.{{Cite news|last=Canedy|first=Dana|date=1996-09-10|title=Danka to Buy Part of Kodak Copier Unit for $684 Million|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/10/business/danka-to-buy-part-of-kodak-copier-unit-for-684-million.html|access-date=2021-11-08|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108070522/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/10/business/danka-to-buy-part-of-kodak-copier-unit-for-684-million.html|url-status=live}}

Kodak entered into consumer inkjet photo printers in a joint venture with manufacturer Lexmark with the Kodak Personal Picture Maker PM100 and PM200.{{Cite web |title=OZO 2675 PM100 spec sheet |url=https://www.kodak.com/global/plugins/acrobat/en/digital/genInfo/pmKit_uk.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412152738/https://www.kodak.com/global/plugins/acrobat/en/digital/genInfo/pmKit_uk.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2024 |access-date=April 12, 2024 |website=Kodak}}{{Cite web |last=Fuchs |first=Jeffrey |title=Kodak Personal Picture Maker 200 review: Kodak Personal Picture Maker 200 |url=https://www.cnet.com/reviews/kodak-personal-picture-maker-200-review/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=CNET |language=en}} In February 2007, Kodak re-entered the market with a new product line of All-in-One (AiO) inkjet printers that employ several technologies marketed as Kodacolor Technology. Advertising emphasized low price for ink cartridges rather than for the printers themselves.{{cite web |date=February 6, 2007 |title=Kodak Revolutionizes the Inkjet Industry |url=http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&pq-locale=en_US&gpcid=0900688a80671462 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208000529/http://www.kodak.com/eknec/PageQuerier.jhtml?pq-path=2709&pq-locale=en_US&gpcid=0900688a80671462 |archive-date=February 8, 2007 |publisher=Eastman Kodak}} The printers failed to become profitable and were a major contributor to the company's bankruptcy in 2012.{{sfn|Grant|2015|p=567}} Kodak announced plans to stop selling inkjet printers in 2013 as it focused on commercial printing.{{cite news |date=September 28, 2012 |title=Kodak to stop selling inkjet printers from 2013 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastmankodak-bankruptcy-idUSBRE88R0Z020120928 |access-date=September 28, 2012 |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206195641/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-eastmankodak-bankruptcy-idUSBRE88R0Z020120928 |url-status=live }}

Kodak's first self-service kiosk opened in 1988. The Picture Maker line of kiosks was launched in 1994 for digital prints.{{sfn|Grant|2015|pp=560-561}} Kiosks were installed in retail locations to provide a digital equivalent to the company's film processing locations. Over time, additional features for image editing and products were added, such as the ability to remove red-eye effect from portraits.{{Cite news |last=Biederman |first=Marcia |date=March 17, 2005 |title=Meet You at the Photo Kiosk |pages=G1 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/17/technology/circuits/meet-you-at-the-photo-kiosk.html |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129172146/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/17/technology/circuits/meet-you-at-the-photo-kiosk.html?searchResultPosition=4 |url-status=live }} The PYNK Smart Print System, announced in 2010, would allow customers to create collages on-demand. Over 100,000 kiosks were installed worldwide during the 1990s and 2000s.{{Cite news |last=Dobbin |first=Ben |date=September 20, 2010 |title=New Kodak kiosks make collages out of photos |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39274843 |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129030134/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39274843 |url-status=dead }} The photo kiosks were transferred to Kodak Alaris as part of the Personalized Imaging division in 2013.

After two years in development, Kodak launched an on-demand photography service platform, Kodakit, in early 2016. The launch was formally announced in January 2017 at CES.{{Cite news |date=January 4, 2017 |title=KODAKIT Launches Global On-Demand Photography Service for Businesses |work=Eastman Kodak |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kodakit-launches-global-on-demand-photography-service-for-businesses-300385732.html |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120021013/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kodakit-launches-global-on-demand-photography-service-for-businesses-300385732.html |url-status=live }} Kodakit initially targeted consumers for wedding and portrait photography, but soon shifted towards businesses seeking high volume photography – real estate, food photography, and head shots. The platform was criticized for requiring photographers to relinquish copyright of their works. After failing to generate enough traction, the Singapore-based subsidiary announced that it would cease operations in January 2020.{{Cite news |last=Zheng |first=Michael |date=December 12, 2019 |title=Kodak Shuttering Kodakit, the 'Uber of Photography' |work=Petapixel |url=https://petapixel.com/2019/12/12/kodak-shuttering-kodakit-the-uber-of-photography/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119011302/https://petapixel.com/2019/12/12/kodak-shuttering-kodakit-the-uber-of-photography/ |url-status=live }}

In addition to the home market-oriented 8mm and Super 8 formats developed by Kodak in the 1950s and 1960s, which are still sold today,{{Cite web |title=Super 8 History |url=https://www.kodak.com/en/motion/page/super-8-history |access-date=January 20, 2023 |website=Eastman Kodak |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120060503/https://www.kodak.com/en/motion/page/super-8-history |url-status=live }} Kodak also briefly entered the professional television production video tape market in the mid-1980s under the product portfolio name of Eastman Professional Video Tape Products.{{Cite news |date=January 4, 1984 |title=Eastman Kodak Co. Wednesday entered the home video war... |work=UPI |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/01/04/Eastman-Kodak-Co-Wednesday-entered-the-home-video-war/1074442040400/ |access-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206130818/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/01/04/Eastman-Kodak-Co-Wednesday-entered-the-home-video-war/1074442040400/ |url-status=live }}

Kodak previously owned the visual effects film post-production facilities Cinesite in Los Angeles and London and LaserPacific in Los Angeles. In April 2010, Kodak sold LaserPacific and its subsidiaries Laser-Edit, Inc, and Pacific Video, Inc., for an undisclosed sum to TeleCorps Holdings, Inc.{{Cite web |date=July 29, 2011 |title=Technicolor buys LaserPacific; sells NY assets |url=https://www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/technicolor-buys-laserpacific-sells-ny-assets/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |website=fxguide |language=en-US |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126103440/https://www.fxguide.com/quicktakes/technicolor-buys-laserpacific-sells-ny-assets/ |url-status=live }} In May 2012, Kodak sold Cinesite to Endless LLP, an independent British private equity house.{{cite news |url= http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/05/kodak-sells-cinesite-visual-effects-depp-stranger-tides.html#sthash.Jv1AxyyD.dpuf |title= Kodak sells British visual effects house Cinesite |date= May 10, 2012 |access-date= January 31, 2014 |work= Los Angeles Times |archive-date= November 25, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201125162505/https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/entertainmentnewsbuzz/2012/05/kodak-sells-cinesite-visual-effects-depp-stranger-tides.html#sthash.Jv1AxyyD.dpuf |url-status= live }} Kodak also sold Pro-Tek Media Preservation Services, a film storage company in Burbank, California, to LAC Group in October 2013.{{cite news |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lac-group-acquires-kodaks-pro-tek-film-preservation-subsidiary-to-expand-information-curation-and-stewardship-services-227997511.html |title= LAC Group Acquires Kodak's PRO-TEK Film Preservation Subsidiary to Expand Information Curation and Stewardship Services |date= October 16, 2013 |access-date= November 11, 2013 |archive-date= August 4, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200804135604/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lac-group-acquires-kodaks-pro-tek-film-preservation-subsidiary-to-expand-information-curation-and-stewardship-services-227997511.html |url-status= live }}

Since 2015, Kodak has had five business divisions: Print Systems, Enterprise Inkjet Systems, Micro 3D Printing and Packaging, Software and Solutions, and Consumer and Film.{{cite news |last=Daneman |first=Matthew |date=December 4, 2014 |title=Kodak creating new business divisions |newspaper=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2014/12/04/kodak-realignment-divisions/19883359/ |access-date=December 30, 2016 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212945/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2014/12/04/kodak-realignment-divisions/19883359/ |url-status=live }}

Kodak's corporate headquarters are located at Kodak Tower in downtown Rochester. Its primary manufacturing facility in the United States is Eastman Business Park, where film production occurs.{{Cite news |last=Horaczek |first=Stan |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Inside the facility where Kodak brings film back to life |work=Popular Science |url=https://www.popsci.com/inside-kodak-factory-photos/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203110017/https://www.popsci.com/inside-kodak-factory-photos/ |url-status=live }}

File:Six-20 Brownie Junior camera, Kodak Ltd., UK, 1934-1938. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.jpg

• Kodak (Australasia) Pty Ltd{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2020 |title=Eastman Kodak Company and Subsidiary Companies |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/31235/000156459021013581/kodk-ex21_7.htm |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=SEC |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203110802/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/31235/000156459021013581/kodk-ex21_7.htm |url-status=live }}
• Former manufacturing facilities were located in Coburg, a Northern suburb of Melbourne.
• Kodak Canada ULC (formerly Canadian Kodak Company)
• Former manufacturing facilities were located in Toronto at Kodak Heights.{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2015 |title=Kodak in Toronto, 1899–2005: A Century of Traces |url=https://library.torontomu.ca/asc/2015/01/kodak-in-toronto-1899-2005-a-century-of-traces/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |website=Toronto Metropolitan University |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129180623/https://library.torontomu.ca/asc/2015/01/kodak-in-toronto-1899-2005-a-century-of-traces/ |url-status=live }}
• Kodak (Xiamen) Digital Imaging Products Company
• Former manufacturing facility is located in Xiamen, China.{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Jo |date=August 6, 2019 |title=Kodak sells Chinese plate plant |work=Print Week |url=https://www.printweek.com/news/article/kodak-sells-chinese-plate-plant |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203132423/https://www.printweek.com/news/article/kodak-sells-chinese-plate-plant |url-status=live }}
• Kodak Graphic Communications
• Current manufacturing facility located in Osterode am Harz, Germany.{{Cite news |last=Daneman |first=Matthew |date=May 16, 2014 |title=Kodak printing up success with plates |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2014/05/16/kodak-sonora-printing-plates/9175115/ |access-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-date=February 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203110019/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/business/2014/05/16/kodak-sonora-printing-plates/9175115/ |url-status=live }}
• Kodak Limited (UK)
• Former manufacturing facilities were located in Harrow,{{Cite news |last=Turner |first=Harry |date=April 27, 2016 |title=A history of Kodak in Harrow |work=Harrow Online |url=https://harrowonline.org/2016/04/27/a-history-of-kodak-in-harrow/ |access-date=January 19, 2023 |archive-date=January 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120021009/https://harrowonline.org/2016/04/27/a-history-of-kodak-in-harrow/ |url-status=live }} Morley,{{Cite news |date=March 3, 2014 |title=Jobs to go with closure of Kodak factory in Leeds |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-26421795 |access-date=December 10, 2020 |archive-date=March 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330162316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leeds-26421795 |url-status=live }} Kirkby,{{Cite news |date=2007-11-09 |title=Sale of Kodak's Kirkby plant sparks developer interest |work=Place North West |url=https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/sale-of-kodaks-kirkby-plant-sparks-developer-interest/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |archive-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128194514/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/sale-of-kodaks-kirkby-plant-sparks-developer-interest/ |url-status=live }} and Annesley.{{Cite news |last=Waller |first=Phil |date=October 5, 2004 |title=600 staff axed and plant shut in Kodak shake-up |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/600-staff-axed-and-plant-shut-in-kodak-shakeup-39899.html |access-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129182117/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/600-staff-axed-and-plant-shut-in-kodak-shakeup-39899.html |url-status=live }}

Since 1962,{{cite news |title=Kodak Teenage Movie Awards |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/UF00028321/03315 |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=The Miami Times |publisher=original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu |date=January 17, 1974 |language=en |quote=The Twelfth Annual Kodak Teenage Movie Awards cooperation with the. Uni ity Film Foundation (UFF) for UFA. which is responsible for en....}} Kodak, with University Film Association,{{cite web |title=UFVA (University Film and Video Association) Finding Aid |url=https://www.uschefnerarchive.com/project/ufva-university-film-and-video-association-finding-aid/ |website=HMH Foundation Moving Image Archive |publisher=USC |access-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-date=August 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815020259/https://www.uschefnerarchive.com/project/ufva-university-film-and-video-association-finding-aid/ |url-status=dead }} Council on International Nontheatrical Events,{{cite news |title=Camera World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/06/10/archives/camera-world.html |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=10 June 1973 |language=en |quote=The contest is open to all youngsters through 19 years of age in the following categories: Pre‐Teen, through 11 years of age, in either regular 8mm or Super 8; Junior, 12 through 15, in either 8mm or Super 8; Senior, 16 through 19, in either 8mm or Super 8; and Sixteen, a special category for all ages through 19}} and University Film Foundation, presented the annual Teenage Film Awards

{{cite journal |title=Kodak-UFA Teenage Film Awards, 1971 |journal=Journal of the University Film Association |date=1971 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=117–120 |jstor=20687148 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20687148 |access-date=15 August 2023 |issn=0041-9311}}* {{cite web |author1=DV Post |date=April 2, 2012 |title=The Kodak Teenage Movie Awards |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5o5G_3erto |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=youtube |language=en |quote=This is a clip from a film about the Kodak Teenage Movie Contest winners. The 30-minute film was produced in 1967 by Columbia University, and reviews five winning films}}

• {{cite web |title=DV Post, video editing |url=https://www.dvpostvideo.com/ |access-date=15 August 2023 |website=dv post video .com |language=en |location=Santa Ana, Orange County, California}}

{{cite news |title=MAN IN BUSINESS his-job-keeping-kodak-in-the-picture |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/24/archives/his-job-keeping-kodak-in-the-picture.html |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=The New York Times |date=24 January 1971 |language=en |quote=Gerald B. Zornow}}

"Entrant must be no older than 19; film may be 8mm, super 8, or 16mm, on any subject;."{{cite journal |last1=Cromer |first1=Nancy |title=Media Award Contests for Students |journal=The English Journal |date=1975 |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=102–104 |doi=10.2307/814432 |jstor=814432 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/814432 |issn=0013-8274|url-access=subscription }}{{cite news |title=Kodak Teenage Movie Awards |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVchX8mdrgAC&dq=%22Kodak+Teenage+Movie+Awards%22&pg=PA16 |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=Boys' Life |publisher=Boy Scouts of America, Inc. |date=August 1970 |page=16 |language=en}}

Eric Goldberg{{'}}s Super-8 film won 1974's Grand Prize.{{cite book |last1=Bancroft |first1=Tony |author1-link=Tony Bancroft |title=Directing For Animation |date=2014 |url=https://archive.org/details/directingforanimation |access-date=15 August 2023 |language=English}}{{free access}}{{Cite web |title=Eric Goldberg {{!}} Silman-James Press |url=https://www.silmanjamespress.com/authors/eric-goldberg/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Silman-James Press, Inc. |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Eric Goldberg |url=https://www.cartoonbrew.com/eric-goldberg |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=Cartoon Brew |language=en-US}} KBYU-TV director of broadcast production, Jay Sumsion, won second place in 1971.{{cite news |title='CARTOON MANIA" IS COMING TO KBYU |url=https://www.deseret.com/1991/2/9/18904717/cartoon-mania-is-coming-to-kbyu |access-date=15 August 2023 |work=Deseret News |date=9 February 1991 |language=en}} Charles S. Cohen and Carl Weingarten were awarded Honorable Mentions.

File:GeorgeEastman2.jpg

As of July 2022:{{cite web |url=https://investor.kodak.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors |title=Board of Directors |publisher=Kodak |access-date=July 22, 2022 |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126181031/https://investor.kodak.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors |url-status=live }}

• James Continenza, chairman and CEO of Kodak
• B. Thomas Golisano, founder and former president of Paychex
• Philippe Katz, UECC executive
• Katherine B. Lynch, former COO of UBS
• Jason New, co-CEO of Onex Credit
• Darren L. Richman, co-founder of KLIM investment group
• Michael E. Selick Jr., president of SeaAgri Solutions

• Bryce Bayer, color scientist (1929–2012)
• Harry Coover, polymer chemist (1917–2011)
• F. J. Duarte, laser physicist and author (left in 2006)
• Marion B. Folsom, statistician (1893–1976)
• Loyd A. Jones, camouflage physicist (1884–1954)
• Maurice Loyal Huggins, polymer scientist (1897–1981)
• Rudolf Kingslake, optical designer (1903–2003)
• David MacAdam, color scientist (1910–1998)
• Kenneth Mees, film scientist and founder of the research laboratories (1882–1960)
• Perley G. Nutting, physicist and founder of OSA (1873–1949)
• Steven Sasson, electrical engineer
• Ludwik Silberstein, physicist (1872–1948)
• Steven Van Slyke, OLED scientist (left in 2010)
• Warren J. Smith, optical engineer (1922–2008)
• Ching W. Tang, OLED scientist (left in 2006)
• John Texter, physical chemist and materials scientist (1978–1998)
• Arthur Widmer, Special Effects Film Pioneer and receiver of an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Award of Commendation (1914–2006)

• Jeannette Klute, research photographer (1918–2009)

{{See also|George Eastman House}}

In 2005, Kodak Canada donated its entire historic company archives to Ryerson University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Ryerson University Library also acquired an extensive collection of materials on the history of photography from the private collection of Nicholas M. and Marilyn A. Graver of Rochester, New York.{{cite web |url= http://www.phsc.ca/Ryerson2007.html |title= Back to the Future – Photography in the 21st Century, February 21, 2007 |access-date= October 1, 2011 |last= Burley |first= Robert |date= February 21, 2007 |publisher= The Photographic Historical Society of Canada |archive-date= April 21, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170421061321/http://www.phsc.ca/Ryerson2007.html |url-status= live }} The Kodak Archives, begun in 1909, contain the company's Camera Collection, historic photos, files, trade circulars, Kodak magazines, price lists, daily record books, equipment, and other ephemera. It includes the contents of the Kodak Heritage Collection Museum, a museum established in 1999 for Kodak Canada's centennial that Kodak closed in 2005 along with the company's entire "Kodak Heights" manufacturing campus in Mount Dennis, Toronto.{{cite web |url= http://www.ryerson.ca/archives/sc/kodak/index.html |title= Special Collections: Kodak Canada Corporate Archives and Heritage Collection |access-date= October 1, 2011 |publisher= Ryerson University Library and Archives |archive-date= August 13, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120813054954/http://www.ryerson.ca/archives/sc/kodak/index.html |url-status= live }}

Kodak encountered a number of challenges from rival patents for film and cameras. These began while Eastman was still developing his first camera, when he was forced to pay inventor David Houston for a license on his pre-existing patents.{{cite web |last=Nemenoff |first=Ben |title=Houston, David Henderson |url=http://www.nd.gov/arts/online_artist_archive/images-pdfs/H/Houston_DavidHenderson.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530060700/http://www.nd.gov/arts/online_artist_archive/images-pdfs/H/Houston_DavidHenderson.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2010 |access-date=January 16, 2023 |publisher=nd.gov}} A major lawsuit for patent infringement would come from rival film producer Ansco. Inventor Hannibal Goodwin had filed his own patent for nitrocellulose film in 1887, prior to the one owned by Kodak, but his was initially denied by the patent office. In 1898, Goodwin succeeded in convincing the patent office to change its decision and his patent was granted.{{sfn|Brayer|1996|pp=55,191-192}} Ansco purchased the patent in 1900 and sued Kodak for infringement in 1902. The lawsuit spent over a decade in court and was finally settled in 1914 at a cost of $5 Million for Kodak.{{Cite news |date=March 27, 1914 |title=EASTMAN CO. SETTLES CASE |pages=1 |work=New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/27/100416785.pdf |access-date=January 5, 2023 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408075157/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/27/100416785.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 |url-status=live }}{{Cite journal |last=McKelvey |first=Blake |date=January 1959 |title=The Rochester Area in American History |url=https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v21_1959/v21i1.pdf |journal=Rochester History |publisher=Rochester Public Library |volume=XXI |issue=1 |pages=14 |access-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-date=April 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406145915/https://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v21_1959/v21i1.pdf |url-status=live }}

In 1911, the federal government began an anti-trust investigation into Kodak for exclusive contracts, acquisitions of competitors, and price-fixing. Eastman had cautioned the board of directors against eliminating competition, but believed that many of the company's other monopolistic actions were in the best interest of consumers by allowing the company to produce high-quality products.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=148-149}} The investigation resulted in a lawsuit against Kodak in 1913 and a consent decree in 1921, ordering Kodak to stop fixing prices and sell many of its interests.{{sfn|Collins|1990|pp=150,158-159}}

Prior to the civil rights movement, Kodak hired virtually no African-American employees. In the 1950s, Rochester's African-American population grew rapidly, rising from 7,845 in 1950 to around 40,000 in 1964.{{Cite journal |last=Wadhwani |first=R. D. G. |title=Kodak, Fight and the Definition of Civil Rights in Rochester, New York 1966–1967 |date=September 1997 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1997.tb01387.x |journal=Historian |volume=60 |issue=1 |pages=59–75 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1997.tb01387.x |via=Wiley Online Library|url-access=subscription }} Many objected to Kodak's discriminatory hiring practices and organized to end the status quo. The civil rights organization F.I.G.H.T. (Freedom, Integration, God, Honor—Today) was formed in 1965 by Saul Alinsky, and led by Minister Franklin Florence. The organization protested Kodak and successfully negotiated an agreement with the company to hire 600 African-American workers through a job training program in 1967.{{Cite news |date=June 23, 1967 |title=Rochester Negroes Gain Pact at Kodak |pages=1, 17 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/06/24/archives/rochester-negroes-gain-pact-at-kodak-rochester-negroes-gain-kodak.html |access-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114230821/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/06/24/archives/rochester-negroes-gain-pact-at-kodak-rochester-negroes-gain-kodak.html?searchResultPosition=5 |url-status=live }}

Kodak and Polaroid were partners from the 1930s until the 1960s, with Polaroid purchasing large quantities of film from Kodak for its cameras and further research and development. Their cooperative partnership came to an end in the late 1960s, when Polaroid pursued independent production of its film and Kodak expressed an interest in developing its own instant camera, bringing them into direct competition.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=138-140}} In 1976, Kodak unveiled the EK series of instant cameras.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=205-206}} Shortly after the announcement, Polaroid filed a complaint for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court District of Massachusetts,{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=214-216}} beginning a lawsuit which would last a decade. Polaroid Corporation v. Eastman Kodak Company was decided in Polaroid's favor in 1985,{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=464-465}} and after a short period of appeals, Kodak was forced to exit the instant camera market immediately in 1986.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|pp=493-498}} On October 12, 1990, Polaroid was awarded $909 million in damages. After appeals, Kodak agreed to pay Polaroid $925 million in 1991, then the largest settlement for patent infringement in US history.{{sfn|Fierstein|2015|p=504}}

In the 1980s, contamination from silver and other chemicals was discovered in the land around Kodak Park and the nearby Genesee River. In 1989, a pipeline at the edge of the park burst, contaminating a nearby school with about 30,000 gallons of methylene chloride. Many families living near the factories chose to relocate as a result. Kodak pledged $100 million to study and clean up pollution. The company received a $2.15 million fine from the state of New York for illegally disposing of silver-contaminated soil and failing to disclose chemical spills in 1990, the largest environmental fine ever issued by the state at the time.{{Cite news |date=April 6, 1990 |title=KODAK POLLUTION FINE TOPS $2 MILLION |pages=A11 |work=The Roanoke Times |url=https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/ROA-Times/issues/1990/rt9004/900406/04060454.htm |access-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122051332/https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/ROA-Times/issues/1990/rt9004/900406/04060454.htm |url-status=live }} Kodak remained a heavy air and water polluter during the 1990s.{{Cite news |last=Dickinson |first=Mike |date=August 6, 1997 |title=Kodak Park reduces overall emissions |work=Rochester Business Journal |url=https://rbj.net/1997/08/06/kodak-park-reduces-overall-emissions/ |access-date=January 21, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122051327/https://rbj.net/1997/08/06/kodak-park-reduces-overall-emissions/ |url-status=live }}

In the 1990s, an elementary school was built on the site of the former Kodak factory at Vincennes in France. After three cases of pediatric cancer were reported at the school, an INVS investigation was opened into potential carcinogens left behind from the factory. The school was closed in 2001, but no link between the cancers and factory pollutants was established by medical experts. The school reopened in 2004.{{Cite journal |last=Calvez |first=Marcel |date=December 30, 2010 |title=Complaints in environmental health and the construction of risk as cultural resource |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070510001453?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=792fe197bf309e16 |journal=Comptes Rendus Physique |volume=11 |issue=9–10 |pages=628–635 |doi=10.1016/j.crhy.2010.10.001 |bibcode=2010CRPhy..11..628C |via=Science Direct |access-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-date=February 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202035242/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070510001453?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-2&rr=792fe197bf309e16 |url-status=live }}

In a 2014 settlement with the EPA, Kodak provided $49 million to clean up pollution it had caused in the Genesee River and at superfund sites in New York and New Jersey.{{Cite web |title=Case Summary: Bankruptcy Settlements Reached with the Eastman Kodak Company worth $49 Million |url=https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/case-summary-bankruptcy-settlements-reached-eastman-kodak-company-worth-49-million |url-status=live |access-date=January 16, 2023 |website=EPA |date=November 21, 2014 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116190916/https://www.epa.gov/enforcement/case-summary-bankruptcy-settlements-reached-eastman-kodak-company-worth-49-million }}

In 2006, Kodak notified the BBB of Upstate New York that it would no longer accept or respond to consumer complaints submitted by them. On March 26, 2007, the Council of Better Business Bureaus (CBBB) announced that Eastman Kodak was resigning its national membership in the wake of expulsion proceedings initiated by the CBBB board of directors.{{cite web |url=http://www.bbb.org/us/article/eastman-kodak-resigns-from-council-of-better-business-bureaus-after-expulsion-proceedings-are-initiated-697 |title=Eastman Kodak Resigns from Council of Better Business Bureaus After Expulsion Proceedings are Initiated |date=March 26, 2007 |publisher=Better Business Bureau |access-date=January 31, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201183604/http://www.bbb.org/us/article/eastman-kodak-resigns-from-council-of-better-business-bureaus-after-expulsion-proceedings-are-initiated-697 |archive-date=February 1, 2014 }} Kodak said its customer service and customer privacy teams concluded that 99% of all complaints forwarded by the BBB already were handled directly with the customer, and that the BBB had consistently posted inaccurate information about Kodak.{{Cite news |date=March 26, 2007 |title=Kodak quits Better Business Bureau council |work=NBC |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17803883 |access-date=January 28, 2023 |archive-date=January 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129030137/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna17803883 |url-status=live }}

On July 28, 2020, the Trump administration announced that it planned to give Kodak a $765 million loan for manufacturing ingredients used in pharmaceuticals, to rebuild the national stockpile depleted by the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce dependency on foreign factories. Kodak had not previously manufactured any such products.{{Cite news |last=Rampton |first=Roberta |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Trump Gives Medical Stockpile A 'Kodak Moment' With New Loan To Make Drugs |language=en |newspaper=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/28/896209016/trump-gives-medical-stockpile-a-kodak-moment-with-new-loan-to-make-drugs |access-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121214141/https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/07/28/896209016/trump-gives-medical-stockpile-a-kodak-moment-with-new-loan-to-make-drugs |url-status=live }} The funding would come through U.S. International Development Finance Corporation and was arranged by presidential trade advisor Peter Navarro.{{cite news |last1=Rappeport |first1=Alan |last2=Swanson |first2=Ana |last3=Thrush |first3=Glenn |date=October 25, 2020 |title=Kodak Loan Debacle Puts a New Agency in the Hot Seat |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/25/business/economy/kodak-loan.html |access-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116204030/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/25/business/economy/kodak-loan.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Whalen |first1=Jeanne |date=July 28, 2020 |title=Kodak to produce pharmaceutical ingredients with U.S. government loan |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2020/09/02/navarro-pandemic-coronavirus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730014734/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2020/09/02/navarro-pandemic-coronavirus/ |archive-date=July 30, 2021 |access-date=29 April 2023}} Within two days, the company's stock price had gained as much as 2,189% from its price at the close of July 27 on the NYSE.{{cite news |last1=Garber |first1=Jonathan |date=July 29, 2020 |title=Kodak stock up 2,189% after Trump backs pivot into drug industry |work=Fox Business |url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/kodak-stock-trump-drug-industry-loan |access-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-date=December 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208153912/https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/kodak-stock-trump-drug-industry-loan |url-status=live }}

The New York Times reported that one day before the White House announced the loan, Kodak CEO Jim Continenza was given 1.75 million stock options, some of which he was able to execute immediately.{{cite news |last1=Drucker |first1=Jesse |date=July 31, 2020 |title=Kodak C.E.O. Got Stock Options Day Before News of Loan Sent Stock Soaring |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/business/kodak-ceo-stock-options.html |access-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221144844/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/business/kodak-ceo-stock-options.html |url-status=live }} The funding was put on hold as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission began probing allegations of insider trading by Kodak executives ahead of the deal's announcement,{{cite news |last1=Michaels |first1=Dave |last2=Francis |first2=Theo |date=August 4, 2020 |title=Kodak Loan Disclosure and Stock Surge Under SEC Investigation |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kodak-loan-disclosure-and-stock-surge-under-sec-investigation-11596559126 |access-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120051540/https://www.wsj.com/articles/kodak-loan-disclosure-and-stock-surge-under-sec-investigation-11596559126 |url-status=live }} and the funding agency's inspector general announced scrutiny into the loan terms.{{cite news |last1=Levy |first1=Rachael |date=September 14, 2020 |title=Kodak Deal Draws Review From Watchdog at Agency Involved in Planned Loan |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/kodak-loan-draws-review-from-watchdog-at-agency-involved-in-deal-11600096107 |access-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-date=December 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210180447/https://www.wsj.com/articles/kodak-loan-draws-review-from-watchdog-at-agency-involved-in-deal-11600096107 |url-status=live }} In November, CEO Jim Continenza stated that Kodak was still committed to pharmaceutical manufacturing without the loan.{{Cite news |last=Gorbman |first=Randy |date=November 12, 2020 |title=Kodak will still pursue the pharmaceutical business |work=WXXI News |url=https://www.wxxinews.org/business/2020-11-12/kodak-will-still-pursue-the-pharmaceutical-business |access-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-date=January 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116065359/https://www.wxxinews.org/business/2020-11-12/kodak-will-still-pursue-the-pharmaceutical-business |url-status=live }} The DFC concluded no wrongdoing on its part in December.{{Cite news |last=Lahman |first=Sean |date=December 7, 2020 |title=Feds: No wrongdoing by agency that approved $765M Kodak loan deal |work=Democrat and Chronicle |url=https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2020/12/07/federal-report-no-wrongdoing-agency-approved-kodak-loan-deal/3856740001/ |access-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230153435/https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/money/2020/12/07/federal-report-no-wrongdoing-agency-approved-kodak-loan-deal/3856740001/ |url-status=live }} Continenza and other executives were ordered to testify as part of the SEC investigation in June 2021.{{Cite web |date=June 15, 2021 |title=Attorney General James Secures Court Order Forcing Kodak CEO to Publicly Testify on Insider Trading During COVID-19 Pandemic |url=https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2021/attorney-general-james-secures-court-order-forcing-kodak-ceo-publicly-testify |access-date=January 18, 2023 |website=New York Attorney General |archive-date=January 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118213757/https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2021/attorney-general-james-secures-court-order-forcing-kodak-ceo-publicly-testify |url-status=live }} A class-action lawsuit from Kodak investors was dismissed in 2022.{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2022 |title=In re Eastman Kodak Company Securities Litigation |url=https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Western_District_Court/6--21-cv-06418/In_re_Eastman_Kodak_Company_Securities_Litigation/202/ |access-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-date=January 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122195551/https://www.docketalarm.com/cases/New_York_Western_District_Court/6--21-cv-06418/In_re_Eastman_Kodak_Company_Securities_Litigation/202/ |url-status=live }}

In July 2021, Kodak removed a post about Xinjiang from its Instagram page. The photo was taken by the photographer Patrick Wack who describes the region as an "Orwellian dystopia" in a reference to the persecution of Uyghurs in China. In later statements on Instagram and WeChat, Kodak declared its Instagram page was not a "platform for political commentary" and affirmed their "close cooperation with various [Chinese] government departments".{{cite news |last1=Ives |first1=Mike |title=Kodak Deletes Post by Photographer Who Called Xinjiang an 'Orwellian Dystopia' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/21/world/asia/kodak-instagram-china.html |work=The New York Times |date=July 21, 2021 |access-date=July 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112173055/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/21/world/asia/kodak-instagram-china.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Kwan |first=Rhoda |date=July 21, 2021 |title=Kodak deletes Xinjiang photo from Instagram, vows to 'respect Chinese gov't' |work=Hong Kong Free Press |url=https://hongkongfp.com/2021/07/21/kodak-deletes-xinjiang-photo-from-instagram-vows-to-respect-chinese-govt/}}

• Eastman Business Park, formerly Kodak Park
• Kodak Vision Award

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Brayer |first=Elizabeth |url=https://archive.org/details/georgeeastmanbio00bray |title=George Eastman : a biography |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-1580464246 |location=Baltimore |url-access=registration}}
• {{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofkodak0000coll |title=The Story of Kodak |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |year=1990 |isbn=978-0810912229 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}
• {{Cite book |last=Fierstein |first=Ronald K. |url=https://archive.org/details/triumphofgeniuse0000fier |title=A triumph of genius : Edwin Land, Polaroid, and the Kodak patent war |publisher=American Bar Association |year=2015 |isbn=978-1627227698 |location=Chicago |url-access=registration}}
• {{Cite book |last=Grant |first=Robert M. |title=Contemporary Strategy Analysis |publisher=Wiley |year=2015 |isbn=978-1119120841 |edition=9th |location=New York}}
• {{Cite book |last=Jacoby |first=Sanford M. |url=https://archive.org/details/modernmanorswelf0000jaco |title=Modern manors : welfare capitalism since the New Deal |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0691015705 |url-access=registration}}
• {{Cite book |last=Swasy |first=Alicia |url=https://archive.org/details/changingfocuskod00swas |title=Changing focus : Kodak and the battle to save a great American company |publisher=Times Business |year=1997 |isbn=978-0812924633 |location=New York |url-access=registration}}

• {{cite book |last1=Ackerman |first1=Carl William |title=George Eastman |date=1930 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |location=Boston and New York |isbn=978-0-678-03556-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgeeastman00acke_0 |url-access=registration}}
• Binant, Philippe, Au coeur de la projection numérique, Actions, 29, pp. 12–13, Kodak, Paris, 2007.
• {{cite book |last1=West |first1=Nancy Martha |title=Kodak and the lens of nostalgia |date=2000 |publisher=University Press of Virginia |location=Charlottesville |isbn=978-0-8139-1958-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/kodaklensofnosta0000west |url-access=registration}}

{{Commons category|Kodak}}

• {{Official website|https://www.kodak.com/}}
• [http://www.historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&app=datasheet&app_id=1144 Kodak Camera Catalog Info at Historic Camera]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524183316/http://www.historiccamera.com/cgi-bin/librarium2/pm.cgi?action=app_display&app=datasheet&app_id=1144 |date=May 24, 2013 }}
• [https://mcnygenealogy.com/book/kodak/ Literature published by Kodak at Monroe County Genealogy]
• [https://www.argentiquececil-kodak.fr/welcome.html Cercle des Conservateurs de l’Image Latente] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329203158/https://argentiquececil-kodak.fr/welcome.html |date=March 29, 2023 }}, an archive of Kodak-Pathé materials maintained by former employees{{Finance links

| symbol = KODK

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| bloomberg = KODK:US

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| nasdaq = KODK

}}

{{Eastman Kodak}}

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{{Major imaging companies}}

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Category:George Eastman