list of cetaceans

{{Short description|Known whale, dolphin, and porpoise species}}

{{about|extant species of Cetacea|extinct species|List of extinct cetaceans|individual animals|List of individual cetaceans}}

Cetacea is an infraorder that comprises the 94 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. It is divided into toothed whales (Odontoceti) and baleen whales (Mysticeti), which diverged from each other in the Eocene some 50 million years ago (mya). Cetaceans are descended from land-dwelling hoofed mammals, and the now extinct archaeocetes represent the several transitional phases from terrestrial to completely aquatic.{{cite book|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=sD3NBQAAQBAJ |page=111}}|editor1-first=Debra L.|editor1-last=Miller|first1=Barrie G. M.|last1=Jamieson|volume=7|title=Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetaceans|publisher=CRC Press|page=111 |isbn=978-1-4398-4257-7|date=2016-04-19}} Historically, cetaceans were thought to have descended from the wolf-like mesonychians, but cladistic analyses confirm their placement with even-toed ungulates in the order Cetartiodactyla.{{cite journal |title=The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies |journal=Mol Phylogenet Evol |year=2008 |last1=Agnarsson |first1=I. |last2=May-Collado |first2=LJ. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=964–985 |pmid=18590827 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.046|bibcode=2008MolPE..48..964A }}{{cite journal |title=A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals – Cetartiodactyla |journal=Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc |year=2005 |last1=Price |first1=SA. |last2=Bininda-Emonds |first2=OR. |last3=Gittleman |first3=JL. |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=445–473 |pmid=16094808 |doi=10.1017/s1464793105006743|s2cid=45056197 }}{{cite journal |title=Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S RNA mitochondrial sequences |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |year=1997 |last1=Montgelard |first1=C. |last2=Catzeflis |first2=FM. |last3=Douzery |first3=E. |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=550–559 |pmid=9159933 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025792|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |title=Relationships of Cetacea -Artiodactyla- Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=e7062 |year=2009 |last1= Spaulding |first1=M. |last2=O'Leary |first2=MA. |last3=Gatesy |first3=J. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007062 |pmid=19774069 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7062S |pmc=2740860|doi-access=free }}{{cite web|url=http://www.iucn-csg.org/index.php/taxonomy/|title=Cetacean Species and Taxonomy|website=IUCN-SSC: Cetacean Specialist Group|access-date=December 14, 2015}}

Whale populations were drastically reduced in the 20th century from intensive whaling, which led to a moratorium on hunting by the International Whaling Commission in 1982.{{cite book|chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=5qDfAgAAQBAJ|page=328}}|first=Daniel|last=Beckman|year=2013|title=Marine Environmental Biology and Conservation|chapter=Conservation of Cetaceans|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Learning|page=328|isbn=978-0-7637-7350-2}}{{open access}} Smaller cetaceans are at risk of accidentally getting caught by fishing vessels using, namely, seine fishing, drift netting, or gill netting operations.{{cite book|last=Clover|first=Charles|title=The End of the Line: How Overfishing is Changing the World and what We Eat|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=OMY-gEKMod8C}}|year=2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25505-0}}

{{Mammals by population sidebar}}

Conventions

{{IUCN statuses|ex=0|ew=0|cr=5|en=11|vu=7|nt=10|lc=50|dd=9|ne=3}}

The following is a list of currently existing (or, in the jargon of taxonomy) 'extant' species of the infraorder cetacea (for extinct cetacean species, see the list of extinct cetaceans). The list is organized taxonomically into parvorders, superfamilies when applicable, families, subfamilies when applicable, genus, and then species. In tabular form, seven descriptors are given for each species: the common name; the scientific name; the IUCN Red List status; a global population estimate; a global map with its range; its weight with an image of its shape, and its size relative to a human; and a photograph.

Conservation status codes listed follow the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 20 January 2015).{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | access-date = 20 January 2015}}

Where available, the global population estimate has been listed. When not cited or footnoted differently, these are from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 20 January 2015).

Mysticeti: baleen whales

{{Main|Baleen whale}}

The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form the parvorder Mysticeti. Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filter feeding and two blowholes.{{cite journal |last=Karlsen |first=K. |year=1962 |title=Development of tooth germs and adjacent structures in the whalebone whale (Balaenoptera physalus) |journal=Hvalrådets Skrifter: Scientific Results of Marine Biological Research |volume=45 |pages=1–56 }}

= Family Balaenidae: right whales =

{{See also|Balaenidae}}

The family Balaenidae, the right whales, contains two genera and four species. All right whales have no ventral grooves; a distinctive head shape with a strongly arched, narrow rostrum, bowed lower jaw; lower lips that enfold the sides and front of the rostrum; and long, narrow, elastic baleen plates (up to nine times longer than wide) with fine baleen fringes.{{cite book| last = Martin | first = Dr. Anthony R. | title = Whales and Dolphins | publisher = Salamander Books | location = London | year = 1991| isbn = 978-0-8160-3922-7 }}

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Balaena Linnaeus, 1758 – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | IUCN Red List status

! scope="col" | Global population estimate

! scope="col" | Range

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Bowhead whale

|Balaena mysticetus
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|LC|2467|1}}

|10,000

|File:Cetacea range map Bowhead Whale.png

|File:Bowhead whale size.svg
{{cvt|60|MT|ST}}

|File:A bowhead whale breaches off the coast of western Sea of Okhotsk by Olga Shpak, Marine Mammal Council, IEE RAS.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Eubalaena Gray, 1864 – three species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | IUCN Red List status

! scope="col" | Global population estimate

! scope="col" | Range

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

North Atlantic right whale

|Eubalaena glacialis
Müller, 1776

|{{IUCN status|CR|41712|1}}

|350

|File:Eubalaena glacialis range map.png

|File:Right whale size.svg
{{cvt|40|–|80|MT|ST}}

|File:Anim1750 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

North Pacific right whale

|Eubalaena japonica
Lacépède, 1818

|{{IUCN status|EN|41711|1}}

|404–2,108{{cite report|last1=Miyashita|first1=T|last2=Kato|first2=H|year=1998|title=Recent data on the status of right whales in the NW Pacific Ocean|website=International Whaling Commission|location=Cambridge, UK}}

|File:Eubalaena japonica range map.png

|File:Right whale size.svg
{{cvt|60|–|80|MT|ST}}

|File:NoPacificRightWhale Pitman 1.jpg

Southern right whale

|Eubalaena australis
Desmoulins, 1822

|{{IUCN status|LC|8153|1}}

|13,600{{Cite web|title=Migratory secrets of recovering whale species|url=https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/migratory-secrets-of-recovering-whale-species/|website=British Antarctic Survey}}

|File:Cetacea range map Southern Right Whale.png

|File:Right whale size.svg
{{cvt|40|–|80|MT|ST}}

|File:Southern right whale.jpg

= Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals =

{{See also|Rorqual}}

Rorquals are the largest group of baleen whales, with eleven species in three genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the blue whale. They take their name from a Norwegian word meaning "furrow whale"; all members of the family have a series of longitudinal folds of skin running from below the mouth back to the navel (except the sei whale, which has shorter grooves). They allow the mouth to expand immensely when feeding.{{cite journal|last1=Goldbogen|first1=Jeremy A.|title=The Ultimate Mouthful: Lunge Feeding in Rorqual Whales|journal=American Scientist|date=2010|volume=98|issue=2|pages=124–131|doi=10.1511/2010.83.124|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whales|access-date=2015-11-14|archive-date=2016-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028092321/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whales|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}} All rorquals have these unique folds.

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

|colspan="100%" align="center" style="background-color:lightblue;"|Subfamily Balaenopteridae – one genus, nine species

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Balaenoptera – nine species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Blue whale

|Balaenoptera musculus
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|EN|2477|1}}

|5,000–15,000

|File:Cetacea range map Blue Whale.PNG

|File:Blue whale size.svg
{{cvt|50

150|MT|ST}}

|File:Anim1754 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

Bryde's whale

|Balaenoptera brydei
Olsen, 1913

|{{IUCN status|LC|2476|1}}

|90,000–100,000

|File:Balaenoptera brydei range.png

|File:Bryde's whale size.svg
{{cvt|14|–|30|MT|ST}}

|File:Brydeswhale sophiewebb-swfsc-star2006.jpg

Eden's whale{{efn|The Society for Marine Mammalogy considers Eden's whale a smaller morph of the more widespread Bryde's whale based on current research.{{cite web |title=List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies |url=https://marinemammalscience.org/science-and-publications/list-marine-mammal-species-subspecies/ |website=MarineMammalScience.org |publisher=Society for Marine Mammalogy |date=May 2022}}}}

|Balaenoptera edeni
Anderson, 1879

|{{IUCN status|LC|2476|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Balaenoptera brydei2 range.png

|Unknown

|File:Rorcual Edeni.jpg

Common minke whale

|Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Lacépède, 1804

|{{IUCN status|LC|2474|1}}

|200,000

|File:Cetacea range map Minke Whale.png

|File:Minke whale size.svg
{{cvt|2

4|MT|ST}}

|File:Minke Whale (NOAA).jpg

Rice's whale{{Cite journal|last1=Rosel|first1=Patricia E.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Lynsey A.|last3=Yamada|first3=Tadasu K.|last4=Mullin|first4=Keith D.|title=A new species of baleen whale (Balaenoptera) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of its geographic distribution|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mms.12776|journal=Marine Mammal Science|year=2021|volume=37|issue=2|pages=577–610|language=en|doi=10.1111/mms.12776|bibcode=2021MMamS..37..577R |s2cid=234256521|issn=1748-7692}}

|Balaenoptera ricei

Rosel et al., 2021

|{{IUCN status|CR|41712|1}}

|30–100

|File:Balaenoptera ricei range.svg

|150px
~{{cvt|13.9|MT|ST}}

|File:GoM Bryde's Whale.jpg

Fin whale

|Balaenoptera physalus
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|VU|2478|1}}

|100,000

|File:Balaenoptera physalus - distribution range.svg

|File:Fin whale size.svg
{{cvt|30|–|80|MT|ST}}

|File:LMazzuca Fin Whale.jpg

Omura's whale

|Balaenoptera omurai
Wada et al., 2003

|{{IUCN status|DD|136623|1}}

|Unknown

|Unknown

|Unknown

|File:Balaenoptera omurai, Madagascar - Royal Society Open Science 1.jpg

Sei whale

|Balaenoptera borealis
Lesson, 1828

|{{IUCN status|EN|2475|1}}

|80,000{{Cite web|title=Sei Whale|url=https://oceanwide-expeditions.com/to-do/wildlife/sei-whale|access-date=2021-10-11|website=oceanwide-expeditions.com|language=en}}

|File:Cetacea range map Sei Whale.PNG

|File:Sei whale size.svg
{{cvt|20|–|25|MT|ST}}

|File:Sei whale mother and calf Christin Khan NOAA.jpg

Antarctic minke whale

|Balaenoptera bonaerensis
Burmeister, 1867

|{{IUCN status|NT|2480|1}}

|515,000International Whaling Commission. (2013). "Report of the Scientific Committee". Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 14 (Supplement): 1–86.

|File:Cetacea range map Antarctic Minke Whale.png

|File:Minke whale size.svg
{{cvt|6

10|MT|ST}}

|File:Minke whale in ross sea.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846 – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Humpback whale

|Megaptera novaeangliae
Borowski, 1781

|{{IUCN status|LC|13006|1}}

|84,000

|File:Cetacea range map Humpback Whale.png

|File:Humpback whale size.svg
{{cvt|25|–|30|MT|ST}}

|File:Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Eschrichtius Gray, 1864 – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Gray whale

|Eschrichtius robustus
Lilljeborg, 1861

|{{IUCN status|LC|8097|1}}

|21,000{{cite journal |last1=Stewart |first1=Joshua D. |last2=Weller |first2=David W. |title=ABUNDANCE OF EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC GRAY WHALES 2019/2020 |journal=NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS |date=January 2021 |doi=10.25923/bmam-pe91 |url=https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/27928 |access-date=3 February 2022}}

|File:Cetacea range map Gray Whale.png

|File:Gray whale size.svg
{{cvt|15|–|40|MT|ST}}

|File:Eschrichtius robustus 01.jpg

= Family Cetotheriidae: pygmy right whale =

{{See also|Cetotheriidae}}

The pygmy right whale shares several characteristics with the right whales, with the exception of having a dorsal fin. Also, pygmy right whales' heads are no more than one quarter the size of their bodies, whereas the right whales' heads are about one-third the size of their bodies. The pygmy right whale is the only extant member of its family.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Caperea Gray, 1864 – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Pygmy right whale

|Caperea marginata
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|3778|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Right Whale.png

|File:Pygmy right whale size.svg
{{cvt|3

3.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Pygmy right whale.png

Odontoceti: toothed whales

{{Main|Toothed whale}}

The toothed whales (parvorder Odontoceti), as the name suggests, are characterized by having teeth (rather than baleen). Toothed whales are active hunters, feeding on fish, squid, and in some cases other marine mammals.{{cite book |last1=Klinowska |first1=M.|last2=Cooke |first2=J.|year=1991 |title=Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book |publisher=IUCN Publications |location=Columbia University Press, NY |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RD-1991-001.pdf|isbn=978-2-88032-936-5}}

= Family Delphinidae: oceanic dolphins =

{{See also|Delphinidae}}

Oceanic dolphins are the members of the family Delphinidae. As the name implies, they tend to be found in the open seas, unlike the river dolphins, although a few species such as the Irrawaddy dolphin are coastal or riverine.

The Delphinidae are characterized by having distinct beaks (unlike the Phocoenidae), two or more fused cervical vertebrae and 20 or more pairs of teeth in their upper jaws. None is more than 4 m long.

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Cephalorhynchus Gray, 1846 – four species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Chilean dolphin

|Cephalorhynchus eutropia
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|NT|4160|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Population estimated to be in the low thousands at the highest.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Chilean Dolphin.PNG

|File:Chilean dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|60|kg|lbs}}

|File:Cephalorhynchus eutropia 406715652.jpg

Commerson's dolphin

|Cephalorhynchus commersonii
Lacépède, 1804

|{{IUCN status|LC|4159|1}}

|22,000{{cite journal |last1=Dellabianca |first1=Natalia A. |title=Spatial Models of Abundance and Habitat Preferences of Commerson's and Peale's Dolphin in Southern Patagonian Waters |journal=PLOS ONE |date=26 October 2016 |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=e0163441 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0163441 |pmid=27783627 |pmc=5082685 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1163441D |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309468362 |access-date=21 January 2022|doi-access=free }}

|File:Cetacea range map Commerson's Dolphin.PNG

|File:Commerson's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|35|–|60|kg|lbs}}

|File:Commdolph01.jpg

Heaviside's dolphin

|Cephalorhynchus heavisidii
Gray, 1828

|{{IUCN status|NT|4161|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Heaviside's Dolphin.PNG

|File:Heaviside's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|40|–|75|kg|lbs}}

|File:Heaviside-Delphin.jpg

Hector's dolphin

|Cephalorhynchus hectori
Van Beneden, 1881

|{{IUCN status|EN|4162|1}} (subspecies Maui dolphin {{IUCN status|CR|39427|1}})

|7,381 (subspecies Maui dolphin 57–75 in 2016)

|File:Cetacea range map Hector's Dolphin.PNG

|File:Hector's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|35|–|60|kg|lbs}}

|File:Hectors Dolphin.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Delphinus – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Common dolphin

|Delphinus delphis
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|LC|134817215|1}}

| Unknown{{efn|There are estimated to be at least several million common dolphins worldwide, but several large portions of its range have not been surveyed.}}

|File:DelphinusRange.png

|File:Common dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|70|–|150|kg|lbs}}

|File:Delphinus delphis with calf.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Feresa – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Pygmy killer whale

|Feresa attenuata
Gray, 1875

|{{IUCN status|LC|8551|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Killer Whale.PNG

|File:Pygmy killer whale size.svg
{{cvt|160|–|350|kg|lbs}}

|File:Feresa attenuata.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Globicephala – two species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Long-finned pilot whale

|Globicephala melas
Traill, 1809

|{{IUCN status|LC|9250|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Total population is not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.}}

|File:Pilot Whale range.png

(green)

|File:Long-finned pilot whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.8

3.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Photo of the Week - Long-finned Pilot Whales (RI) (6892801246).jpg

Short-finned pilot whale

|Globicephala macrorhynchus
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|9249|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.}}

|File:Pilot Whale range.png

(dark blue)

|File:Short-finned pilot whale size.svg
{{cvt|1|–|4|MT|ST}}

|File:Short-finned Pilot Whale (8790153918).jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Grampus – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Risso's dolphin

|Grampus griseus
G. Cuvier, 1812

|{{IUCN status|LC|9461|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific, a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists}}

|File:Grampus griseus distribution.png

|File:Risso's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|300|kg|lbs}}

|File:Risso's dolphin.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lagenodelphis – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Fraser's dolphin

|Lagenodelphis hosei
Fraser, 1956

|{{IUCN status|LC|11140|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|There are estimated to be at least 320,000 Fraser's dolphins worldwide, but several large portions of its range have not been surveyed}}

|File:Cetacea range map Fraser'sDolphin.png

|File:Fraser's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|209|kg|lbs}}

|File:Fraser s group.jpg.jpeg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 – six species{{efn|The genus Lagenorhynchus is under revision and likely to be split into several different genera}}
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

White-beaked dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus albirostris
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|11142|1}}

|100,000{{efn|Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands}}

|File:Cetacea range map White-beaked Dolphin.PNG

|File:White-beaked dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|180|kg|lbs}}

|File:White beaked dolphin.jpg

Atlantic white-sided dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus acutus
Gray, 1828

|{{IUCN status|LC|11141|1}}

|200,000–300,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

|File:Cetacea range map Atlantic White-sided Dolphin.PNG

|File:Atlantic white-sided dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|235|kg|lbs}}

|File:Anim1135 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

Dusky dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Gray, 1828

|{{IUCN status|LC|11146|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Dusky Dolphin.PNG

|File:Dusky dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|100|kg|lbs}}

|File:DuskyDolphin.jpg

Hourglass dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus cruciger
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824

|{{IUCN status|LC|11144|1}}

|140,000

|File:Cetacea range map Hourglass Dolphin.PNG

|File:Hourglass dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|90|–|120|kg|lbs}}

|File:Hourglas dolphin.jpg

Pacific white-sided dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
Gill, 1865

|{{IUCN status|LC|11145|1}}

|1,000,000

|File:Cetacea range map Pacific White-sided Dolphin.PNG

|File:Pacific white-sided dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|85|–|150|kg|lbs}}

|File:Pacific white side dolphin.jpg

Peale's dolphin

|Lagenorhynchus australis
Peale, 1848

|{{IUCN status|LC|11143|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Total population unknown but thought to be locally common – it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands}}

|File:Cetacea range map Black-chinned Dolphin.PNG

|File:Peale's dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|115|kg|lbs}}

|File:Lagenorhynchus australis.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lissodelphis – two species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Northern right whale dolphin

|Lissodelphis borealis
Peale, 1848

|{{IUCN status|LC|12125|1}}

|400,000{{efn|Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000}}

|File:Cetacea range map Northern Right Whale Dolphin.PNG

|File:Northern right whale dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|115|kg|lbs}}

|File:Anim1749 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

Southern right whale dolphin

|Lissodelphis peronii
Lacépède, 1804

|{{IUCN status|LC|12126|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Surveys suggest this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters}}

|File:Cetacea range map Southern Right Whale Dolphin.PNG

|File:Southern right whale dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|60|–|100|kg|lbs}}

|File:Anim0796 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Orcaella Gray, 1866 – two species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Australian snubfin dolphin

|Orcaella heinsohni
Beasley, Robertson & Arnold, 2005

|{{IUCN status|VU|136315|1}}

|9,000–10,000

|File:Orcaella heinsohni range.png

|File:Orcaella heinsohni size.svg
{{cvt|130|–|145|kg|lbs}}

|File:Snubfin-3.jpg

Irrawaddy dolphin

|Orcaella brevirostris
Gray, 1866

|{{IUCN status|EN|15419|1}}

|78–102

|File:Irrawaddy dolphin range.png

|File:Irrawaddy dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|130|kg|lbs}}

|File:DKoehl Irrawaddi Dolphin jumping.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Orcinus – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Orca

|Orcinus orca
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|DD|15421|1}}

|100,000{{efn|Local estimates include 70–80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway}}

|File:Cetacea range map Orca.PNG

|File:Orca size-2.svg
{{cvt|4.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Killerwhales jumping.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Peponocephala – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Melon-headed whale

|Peponocephala electra
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|16564|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known}}

|File:Cetacea range map Melon-headed Whale.PNG

|File:Melon-headed whale size.svg
{{cvt|225|kg|lbs}}

|File:Peponocephala electra Mayotte.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Pseudorca – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

False killer whale

|Pseudorca crassidens
Owen, 1846

|{{IUCN status|NT|18596|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping}}

|File:Cetacea range map False Killer Whale.svg

|File:False killer whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.5-2|MT|ST}}

|File:False killer whale 890002.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Sousa – four species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Atlantic humpback dolphin

|Sousa teuszii
Kükenthal, 1892

|{{IUCN status|CR|20425|1}}

|1,500

|File:Cetacea range map Atlantic Humpback Dolphin.PNG

|File:Humpback dolphins size.svg
{{cvt|100|–|150|kg|lbs}}

|File:Sousa teuszii1.jpg

Australian humpback dolphin

|Sousa sahulensis
Jefferson & Rosenbaum, 2014

|{{IUCN status|VU|82031667|1}}

|10,000

File:Sousa sahulensis - map.svg

|{{cvt|230|–|250|kg|lbs}}

|File:Australian humpback dolphins, Tin Can Bay, 2016.jpg

Indian Ocean humpback dolphin

|Sousa plumbea
Cuvier, 1829

|{{IUCN status|EN|82031633|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Population estimated to be in the low tens of thousands}}

|File:Cetacea range map Indian Humpback Dolphin.PNG

|File:Humpback dolphins size.svg

|File:Dolphin-Musandam 2.jpg

Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin

|Sousa chinensis
Osbeck, 1765

|{{IUCN status|VU|82031425|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Pacific Humpback Dolphin.PNG

|File:Humpback dolphins size.svg
{{cvt|250|–|280|kg|lbs}}

|File:Pink Dolphin.JPG

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Sotalia – two species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Guiana dolphin

|Sotalia guianensis
Bénéden, 1864

|{{IUCN status|NT|181359|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Sotalia guianensis - map.svg

|File:Tucuxi size.svg
{{cvt|35|–|45|kg|lbs}}

|File:Delfin en el parque Nacional Mochima.jpg

Tucuxi

|Sotalia fluviatilis
Gervais & Deville, 1853

|{{IUCN status|EN|190871|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Sotalia fluviatilis - map.svg

|File:Tucuxi size.svg
{{cvt|35|–|45|kg|lbs}}

|File:DELFIN DEL ORINOCO2.JPG

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Stenella Gray, 1866 – five species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Atlantic spotted dolphin

|Stenella frontalis
Cuvier, 1829

|{{IUCN status|LC|20732|1}}

|100,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

|File:Verbreitungsgebiet des Zügeldelfins Stenella frontalis.PNG

|File:Atlantic spotted dolphin size.svg
100 kg

|File:Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) NOAA.jpg

Clymene dolphin

|Stenella clymene
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|20730|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Clymene Dolphin.png

|File:Clymene dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|75|–|80|kg|lbs}}

|File:Clymenes.jpg

Pantropical spotted dolphin

|Stenella attenuata
Gray, 1846

|{{IUCN status|LC|20729|1}}

|3,000,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

|File:Cetacea range map Pantropical Spotted Dolphin.PNG

|File:Pantropical spotted dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|100|kg|lbs}}

|File:Schlankdelfin.jpg

Spinner dolphin

|Stenella longirostris
Gray, 1828

|{{IUCN status|LC|20733|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Spinner Dolphin.PNG

|File:Spinner dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|90|kg|lbs}}

|File:Spinner dolphins.jpg

Striped dolphin

|Stenella coeruleoalba
Meyen, 1833

|{{IUCN status|LC|20731|1}}

|2,000,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

|File:Cetacea range map Striped Dolphin.PNG

|File:Striped dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|100|kg|lbs}}

|File:Stenella coeruleoalba-cropped.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Steno – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Rough-toothed dolphin

|Steno bredanensis
Lesson, 1828

|{{IUCN status|LC|20738|1}}

|150,000

|File:Cetacea range map Rough-toothed Dolphin.PNG

|File:Rough-toothed dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|100|–|135|kg|lbs}}

|File:Rough toothed dolphin.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Tursiops – three species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Common bottlenose dolphin

|Tursiops truncatus
Montagu, 1821

|{{IUCN status|LC|22563|1}}

|600,000{{cite web |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/common-bottlenose-dolphin |title=Common Bottlenose Dolphin |work=WWF |access-date=2019-05-13 }}

|File:Cypron-Range Tursiops truncatus.svg

|File:Bottlenose dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|150|–|650|kg|lbs}}

|File:Tursiops truncatus 01.jpg

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin

|Tursiops aduncus
Ehrenberg, 1833

|{{IUCN status|NT|41714|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Distribution of Tursiops aduncus.png

| {{convert|230|kg|lb|abbr=on}}

|File:Tursiops aduncus.JPG

Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin

|Tursiops erebennus
Cope, 1865

|{{IUCN status|NE}}

|Unknown

|Unknown

| Unknown

|File:Tamanend's_bottlenose_dolphin.jpg

= Family Iniidae: river dolphins =

{{Main|Iniidae}}

This family contains one genus with two species.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Inia – two species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Amazon river dolphin

|Inia geoffrensis
Blainville, 1817

|{{IUCN status|EN|10831|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Amazon River Dolphin.PNG

|File:Amazon river dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|150|kg|lbs}}

|File:Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01.jpg

Araguaian river dolphin{{efn|As of November 2021, the Araguaian river dolphin is not recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy, which cites small sample size}}

|Inia araguaiaensis
Hrbek, Da Silva, Dutra, Farias, 2014

|{{IUCN status|NE}}

|Unknown

|File:Inia range map PLoS ONE.jpg
Araguaian river dolphin in blue

|File:Amazon river dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|150|kg|lbs}}

|File:Inia araguaiensis.jpg

= Family Kogiidae: dwarf and pygmy sperm whales =

{{See also|Kogiidae}}

The dwarf and pygmy sperm whales resemble sperm whales, but are far smaller. They have blunt, squarish heads with narrow, underslung jaws; the flippers are set far forward, close to the head and their dorsal fins are set far back down the body.{{cite journal|last1=Huggenberger|first1=S.|last2=Leidenberger|first2=S.|last3=Oelschläger|first3=H. H. A.|date=December 13, 2016|title=Asymmetry of the nasofacial skull in toothed whales (Odontoceit)|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=302|issue=1|pages=15–23|doi=10.1111/jzo.12425}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Kogia – two species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Dwarf sperm whale

|Kogia sima
Owen, 1866

|{{IUCN status|LC|11048|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific}}

|File:Cetacea range map Dwarf Sperm Whale.png

|File:Dwarf sperm whale size.svg
{{cvt|250|kg|lbs}}

|File:Kogia sima.jpg

Pygmy sperm whale

|Kogia breviceps
Blainville, 1838

|{{IUCN status|LC|11047|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific}}

|File:Kogia breviceps range.png

|File:Pygmy sperm whale size.svg
{{cvt|400|kg|lbs}}

|File:Kogia breviceps.jpg

= Family Lipotidae: baiji =

{{Main|Lipotidae}}

The family Lipotidae contains only the baiji. DNA evidence suggests it separated from oceanic dolphins about 25 million years ago.{{cite journal|last1=Zhou|first1=X.|last2=Sun|first2=F.|last3=Xu|first3=S.|display-authors=et al.|year=2013|title=Baiji genomes reveal low genetic variability and new insights into secondary aquatic adaptations|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|issue=2708|page=2708|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2708Z|doi=10.1038/ncomms3708|pmc=3826649|pmid=24169659}} The species was declared functionally extinct in 2006 after an expedition to estimate the population found none.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Lipotes – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Baiji

|Lipotes vexillifer
Miller, 1918

|{{IUCN status|CR|12119|1}}

|0–13{{efn|A survey from November–December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986, surveys estimated the number to be at about 300}}

|File:Yangtze Dolphins range.jpg

|File:Baiji size.svg
{{cvt|130|kg|lbs}}

|File:Baiji 1.jpg

= Family Monodontidae: narwhal and beluga =

{{See also|Monodontidae}}

The Monodontidae lack dorsal fins, which have been replaced by tough, fibrous ridges just behind the midpoints of their bodies and are probably an adaptation to swimming under ice, as both do in their Arctic habitat. The flippers are small, rounded and tend to curl up at the ends in adulthood. All, or almost all, the cervical vertebrae are unfused, allowing their heads to be turned independently of their bodies.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Delphinapterus – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Beluga

|Delphinapterus leucas
Pallas, 1776

|{{IUCN status|LC|6335|1}}

|136,000{{efn|There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around [https://web.archive.org/web/20051026124931/http://www.wdcs.org/dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/1B8A4EB4B9FA1BBF80256D11004B2EA2 1000]}}

|File:Cetacea range map Beluga.png

|File:Beluga size.svg
{{cvt|1.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Belugawhale MMC.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Monodon – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Narwhal

|Monodon monoceros
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|LC|13704|1}}

|123,000

|File:Cetacea range map Narwhal.png

|File:Narwhal size.svg
{{cvt|900

1,500|kg|lbs}}

|File:Pod Monodon monoceros.jpg

= Family Phocoenidae: porpoises =

{{See also|Phocoenidae}}

Porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae. They are distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" has been used to refer to any small dolphin, especially by sailors and fishermen. The most obvious visible differences between the two groups are that porpoises have a less pronounced beak, and have spade-shaped teeth as opposed to conical.{{cite web|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/dolphin_porpoise.html|title=What's the difference between dolphins and porpoises?|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=5 December 2019}}

Porpoises, divided into seven species, live in all oceans. They span from species that live almost exclusively coastal and in rivers (finless porpoises) to species that are entirely oceanic (spectacled porpoise).

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Neophocaena – two or three species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Indo-Pacific finless porpoise

|Neophocaena phocaenoides {{pb}}Cuvier, 1829

|{{IUCN status|VU|198920|1}}{{efn|There is not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list}}

|Unknown{{efn|There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Finless Porpoise.PNG

|File:Finless porpoise size.svg{{pb}} {{cvt|30|–|45|kg|lbs}}

|File:Neophocaena phocaenoides -Miyajima Aquarium -Japan-8a.jpg

Yangtze finless porpoise

|Neophocaena asiaeorientalis{{pb}}Cuvier, 1829

|{{IUCN status|EN|41754|1}} (subspecies Yangtze finless porpoise {{IUCN status|CR|43205774|1}}){{efn|In China, they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing.}}

|Unknown (subspecies Yangtze finless porpoise 1,012 in 2018{{cite news |script-title=zh:长江江豚减少 仅剩约1012头 |url=http://epaper.bjnews.com.cn/html/2018-07/25/content_727143.htm |access-date=28 August 2021 |work=The Beijing News |date=25 July 2018 |language=zh}}{{cite news |script-title=zh:农业农村部:长江江豚减少 仅剩约1012头 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-07/25/c_1123171998.htm |access-date=28 August 2021 |work=The Beijing News |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=25 July 2018 |language=zh}})

|File:江豚的分布.svg

|File:Finless porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|30|–|45|kg|lbs}}

|File:Yangtze finless porpoise, 10 November 2006.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Phocoena – four species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Burmeister's porpoise

|Phocoena spinipinnis{{pb}}Burmeister, 1865

|{{IUCN status|NT|17029|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|There are no quantitative data on abundance.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Burmeister's Porpoise.PNG

|File:Burmeister's porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|50|–|75|kg|lbs}}

|File:Burmeister's porpoise - Phocoena spinipinnis - 2022-02-24.png

Harbour porpoise

|Phocoena phocoena{{pb}}Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|LC|17027|1}}

|700,000{{cite book|first1=Arne|last1=Bjorge|first2=Krystal|last2=A Tolley|chapter=Harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena|pages=530–532|title=Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals|editor1=William F. Perrin|editor2=Bernd Wursig|editor3=J. G.M. Thewissen|year=2008}}

|File:Cetacea range map Harbour Porpoise.PNG

|File:Harbour porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|75|kg}}

|File:Ecomare - bruinvis Berend (berend3).jpg

Spectacled porpoise

|Phocoena dioptrica{{pb}}Lahille, 1912

|{{IUCN status|LC|41715|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Spectacled Porpoise.PNG

|File:Spectacled porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|60|–|84|kg|lbs}}

|File:Subadult female spectacled porpoise.png

Vaquita

|Phocoena sinus{{pb}}Norris & McFarland, 1958

|{{IUCN status|CR|17028|1}}

|12{{cite web|last1=Hoffner|first1=Erik|title=Only 12 vaquita porpoises remain, watchdog group reports|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2018/03/only-12-vaquita-porpoises-remain-watchdog-groups-report/|website=Mongabay|access-date=19 April 2018|date=2018-03-08}}

|File:Cetacea range map Vaquita.PNG

|File:Vaquita size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|50|kg|lbs}}

|File:Vaquita2 Olson NOAA crop2.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Phocoenoides – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Dall's porpoise

|Phocoenoides dalli{{pb}}True, 1885

|{{IUCN status|LC|17032|1}}

|1,100,000{{efn|The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.}}

|File:Cetacea range map Dall's Porpoise.PNG

|File:Dall's porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|130|–|200|kg|lbs}}

|File:Dalls Porpoise Underwater.JPG

= Family Physeteridae: sperm whale =

{{See also|Physeteridae}}

The sperm whale characteristically has a large, squarish head one-third the length of its body; the blowhole is slightly to the left hand side; the skin is usually wrinkled; and it has no teeth on the upper jaw.

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Physeter – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Sperm whale

|Physeter macrocephalus
Linnaeus, 1758

|{{IUCN status|VU|41755|1}}

|200,000–2,000,000{{efn|The total number of sperm whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals}}

|File:Cetacea range map Sperm Whale 4.PNG

|File:Sperm whale size.svg
{{cvt|25|–|50|MT|ST}}

|File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg

= Family Platanistidae: South Asian river dolphins =

{{Main|Platanistidae}}

The Platanistidae were originally thought to hold only one species (the South Asian river dolphin), but, based on differences in skull structure, vertebrae and lipid composition, it was split into two separate species in the early 1970s, before being demoted back to subspecies in 1988.{{cite book|last=Rice|first=DW|title=Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution|publisher=Society for Marine Mammalogy|year=1998|isbn=978-1-891276-03-3|pages=92–95}} However, more recent studies support them being distinct species.{{Cite journal|last1=Braulik|first1=G. T.|last2=Archer|first2=F. I.|last3=Khan|first3=U.|last4=Imran|first4=M.|last5=Sinha|first5=R. K.|last6=Jefferson|first6=T. A.|last7=Donovan|first7=C.|last8=Graves|first8=J. A.|year=2021|title=Taxonomic revision of the South Asian River dolphins (Platanista): Indus and Ganges River dolphins are separate species|journal=Marine Mammal Science|volume=37|issue=3|pages=1022–1059|doi=10.1111/mms.12801|doi-access=free|bibcode=2021MMamS..37.1022B |hdl=10023/21691|hdl-access=free}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Platanista – two species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Ganges river dolphin

|Platanista gangetica
(Lebeck, 1801)

|{{IUCN status|EN|41756|1}}

|3,500{{Cite journal|last1=Sinha|first1=Ravindra K.|last2=Kannan|first2=Kurunthachalam|date=2014-12-01|title=Ganges River Dolphin: An Overview of Biology, Ecology, and Conservation Status in India|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0534-7|journal=Ambio|language=en|volume=43|issue=8|pages=1029–1046|doi=10.1007/s13280-014-0534-7|issn=1654-7209|pmc=4235892|pmid=24924188|bibcode=2014Ambio..43.1029S }}

|File:SouthAsianRiverDolphin distribution2019.png

(orange)

|File:South Asian river dolphin size comparison.svg
{{cvt|200|kg|lbs}}

|File:Ganges River Dolphin.jpg

Indus river dolphin

|Platanista minor

Owen, 1853

|{{IUCN status|EN|41757|1}}

|1,450{{Cite journal|date=2015-12-01|title=Review of status, threats, and conservation management options for the endangered Indus River blind dolphin|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320715300999|journal=Biological Conservation|language=en|volume=192|pages=30–41|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.008|issn=0006-3207|last1=Braulik|first1=Gill T.|last2=Noureen|first2=Uzma|last3=Arshad|first3=Masood|last4=Reeves|first4=Randall R.|bibcode=2015BCons.192...30B |url-access=subscription}}

|File:SouthAsianRiverDolphin distribution2019.png

(blue)

|File:South Asian river dolphin size comparison.svg
{{cvt|200|kg|lbs}}

|File:A-Platanista-gangetica-showing-the-body-shape-and-especially-the-head-with-a-long-beak.png

= Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata dolphin =

{{Main|Pontoporiidae}}

The La Plata dolphin is the only species of the family Pontoporiidae and genus Pontoporia. These dolphins are known for their long beak in relation to their relatively small body size. They have a small geographic range and are mainly found in the waters along the east coast of South America. La Plata dolphins are exclusively marine organisms, however, they are grouped with river dolphins due to the fact that they reside in the La Plata River which is a salt-water estuary. With their white or sometimes pale brown coloration, fishermen tend to call them "the white ghost", as they also tend to stray away from any human interaction.{{cite web|title=National Marine Mammal Laboratory - La Plata Dolphins|url=https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/education/cetaceans/laplata.php#many|access-date=18 March 2019|website=Alaska Fisheries Science Center - NOAA Fisheries|publisher=NOAA Fisheries}}

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Pontoporia – one species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

La Plata dolphin

|Pontoporia blainvillei
Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844

|{{IUCN status|VU|17978|1}}

|4,000–4,500

|File:Cetacea range map La Plata River Dolphin.PNG

|File:La plata dolphin size.svg
{{cvt|50|kg|lbs}}

|File:Pontoporia blainvillei 296896096.jpg

= Family Ziphiidae: beaked whales =

{{See also|Ziphiidae}}

A beaked whale is any of at least 22 species of whale in the family Ziphiidae. Several species have only been described in the last two decades. Six genera have been identified.

They possess a unique feeding mechanism among cetaceans known as suction feeding. They are characterized by having a lower jaw that extends at least to the tip of the upper jaw, a shallow or non-existent notch between the tail flukes, a dorsal fin set far backwards, three of four fused neck vertebrae, extensive skull asymmetry and two conspicuous throat grooves forming a 'V' pattern (which aid in sucking).

class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"

| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Berardius – three species

scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Arnoux's beaked whale

|Berardius arnuxii
Duvernoy, 1851

|{{IUCN status|LC|2762|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer}}

|File:Cetacea range map Arnoux 27s Beaked Whale.png

|File:Arnoux's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|8|MT|ST}}

|File:Arnoux's beaked whale in Antarctica.jpg

Baird's beaked whale

|Berardius bairdii
Stejneger, 1883

|{{IUCN status|LC|2763|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except they are not rare as was formerly thought}}

|File:Cetacea range map Baird 27s Beaked Whale.png

|File:Baird's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|12|MT|ST}}

|File:Berardius bairdii.jpg

Sato's beaked whale

|Berardius minimus
Yamada et al., 2019

|{{IUCN status|NT|178756893|1}}

|Unknown

|North Pacific

|File:Berardius minimus beaked whale size.svg
Unknown

|File:Berardius minimus illustration.png

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Tasmacetus – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Shepherd's beaked whale

|Tasmacetus shepherdi
Oliver, 1937

|{{IUCN status|DD|21500|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition}}

|File:Cetacea range map Shepherd 27s Beaked Whale.png

|File:Shepherd's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|2

2.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Tasmacetus shepherdi, Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, January 27, 2017.png

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Ziphius – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Cuvier's beaked whale

|Ziphius cavirostris
G. Cuvier, 1823

|{{IUCN status|LC|23211|1}}

|100,000{{efn|Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown}}

|File:Cetacea range map Cuvier's Beaked Whale.PNG

|File:Cuvier's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|2|–|3|MT|ST}}

|File:Cuviers beaked whale-swfsc.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" style="background-color:lightblue;" |Subfamily Hyperoodontinae – three genera, 17 species
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Hyperoodon – two species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Northern bottlenose whale

|Hyperoodon ampullatus
Forster, 1770

|{{IUCN status|NT|10707|1}}

|10,000{{efn|Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000}}

|File:Cetacea range map Northern Bottlenose Whale.PNG

|File:Northern bottlenose whale size.svg
{{cvt|7|MT|ST}}

|File:Hyperoodon ampullatus jumping.jpg

Southern bottlenose whale

|Hyperoodon planifrons
Flower, 1882

|{{IUCN status|LC|10708|1}}

|500,000

|File:Cetacea range map Southern Bottlenose Whale.PNG

|File:Southern bottlenose whale size.svg
{{cvt|6|MT|ST}}

|File:Southern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon planifrons, December 2016, near Clarence Island.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Indopacetus – one species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Tropical bottlenose whale

|Indopacetus pacificus
Longman, 1926

|{{IUCN status|LC|40635|1}}

|Unknown{{efn|A 2002 survey estimates there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales}}

|File:Cetacea range map Longman 27s Beaked Whale.png

|File:Indopacetus pacificus size.svg
{{cvt|3.5

4|MT|ST}}

|File:Indopacetus pacificus 2.jpg

colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850 – 15 species
scope="col" | Common name

! scope="col" | Scientific name

! scope="col" | Status

! scope="col" | Population

! scope="col" | Distribution

! scope="col" | Size

! scope="col" | Picture

Andrews' beaked whale

|Mesoplodon bowdoini
Andrews, 1908

|{{IUCN status|DD|13242|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Andrews Beaked Whale.png

|File:Andrew's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon bowdoini.jpg

Blainville's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon densirostris
Blainville, 1817

|{{IUCN status|LC|13244|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Blainvilles Beaked Whale.png

|File:Blainville's beaked whale size.svg

|File:Beaked Whale.jpg

Deraniyagala's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon hotaula
P. E. P. Deraniyagala, 1963

|{{IUCN status|DD|127826787|1}}

|Unknown

|Indian and South Pacific

|{{cvt|4

5|m}}

|[cetacean needed]

Gervais' beaked whale

|Mesoplodon europaeus
Gervais, 1855

|{{IUCN status|LC|13245|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Gervais Beaked Whale.png

|File:Gervais' beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.2|MT|ST}}

|File:Gervais' Beaked Whale (cropped).jpg

Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale

|Mesoplodon ginkgodens
Nishiwaki & Kamiya, 1958

|{{IUCN status|DD|127827012|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale.png

|File:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon ginkgodens 2.jpg

Gray's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon grayi
von Haast, 1876

|{{IUCN status|LC|13247|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Grays Beaked Whale.png

|File:Gray's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Beached whale (Mesoplodon grayi) at Port Waikato.jpg

Hector's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon hectori
Gray, 1871

|{{IUCN status|DD|13248|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Hectors Beaked Whale.png

|File:Hector's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon hectori.jpg

Hubbs' beaked whale

|Mesoplodon carlhubbsi
Moore, 1963

|{{IUCN status|DD|13243|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Hubbs Beaked Whale.png

|File:Hubb's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.4|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon carlhubbsi.jpg

Perrin's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon perrini
Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker, & van Helding, 2002

|{{IUCN status|EN|41759|1}}

|500–1,164

|North Pacific

|File:Mesoplodon perrini size.svg
{{cvt|1.3|–|1.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon perrini.jpg

Pygmy beaked whale

|Mesoplodon peruvianus
Reyes, Mead, and Van Waerebeek, 1991

|{{IUCN status|LC|13251|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Beaked Whale.png

|File:Mesoplodon peruvianus size.svg
{{cvt|800|kg|lbs}}

|File:Mesoplodon peruvianus.jpg

Ramari's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon eueu
Carroll et al, 2021

|{{IUCN status|DD|215824818|1}}

|Unknown

|File:M. mirus & M. eueu distribution.jpg

(red circle)

|Unknown

|File:Mesoplodon eueu.jpg

Sowerby's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon bidens
Sowerby, 1804

|{{IUCN status|LC|13241|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Sowerbys Beaked Whale.png

|File:Sowerby's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1

1.3|MT|ST}}

|File:Sowerby's beaked whale.jpg

Spade-toothed whale

|Mesoplodon traversii, syn. Mesoplodon bahamondi
Gray, 1874

|{{IUCN status|DD|41760|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Mesoplodon traversii distribution.png

|File:Mesoplodon bahamondi size.svg
{{cvt|1.2|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon traversii.svg

Stejneger's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon stejnegeri
True, 1885

|{{IUCN status|NT|13252|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Stejneger sBeaked Whale.png

|File:Stejneger's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.5|MT|ST}}

|File:Mesoplodon stejnegeri.jpg

Strap-toothed whale

|Mesoplodon layardii
Gray, 1865

|{{IUCN status|LC|13249|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Layards Beaked Whale.png

|File:Straptoothed whale size.svg
{{cvt|2|MT|ST}}

|File:Porpoising strap-tooth beaked whale.jpg

True's beaked whale

|Mesoplodon mirus
True, 1913

|{{IUCN status|LC|13250|1}}

|Unknown

|File:Cetacea range map Trues Beaked Whale.png

(North Atlantic only; map includes range of M. eueu in Indian Ocean)

|File:True's beaked whale size.svg
{{cvt|1.4|MT|ST}}

|File:True's beaked whale.jpg

See also

Footnotes

{{notelist|3}}

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{cite book | last = Rice | first = Dale W. | year = 1998 | title = Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution | publisher = Society of Marine Mammalogy, Special Publication No. 4|isbn=1891276034 }}
  • {{MSW3 Cetacea}}
  • {{Cite web|url=http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlist2006/redlist2006.htm |title=Red List of Threatened Species |publisher=IUCN |access-date=2006-11-09 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061102232005/http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlist2006/redlist2006.htm |archive-date=2006-11-02 |url-status=dead }}
  • Carwardine, M., Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, Dorling Kindersley, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-7513-2781-6}}.

{{Refend}}