list of cetaceans
{{Short description|Known whale, dolphin, and porpoise species}}
{{about|extant species of Cetacea|extinct species|List of extinct cetaceans|individual animals|List of individual cetaceans}}
Cetacea is an infraorder that comprises the 94 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. It is divided into toothed whales (Odontoceti) and baleen whales (Mysticeti), which diverged from each other in the Eocene some 50 million years ago (mya). Cetaceans are descended from land-dwelling hoofed mammals, and the now extinct archaeocetes represent the several transitional phases from terrestrial to completely aquatic.{{cite book|url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=sD3NBQAAQBAJ |page=111}}|editor1-first=Debra L.|editor1-last=Miller|first1=Barrie G. M.|last1=Jamieson|volume=7|title=Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetaceans|publisher=CRC Press|page=111 |isbn=978-1-4398-4257-7|date=2016-04-19}} Historically, cetaceans were thought to have descended from the wolf-like mesonychians, but cladistic analyses confirm their placement with even-toed ungulates in the order Cetartiodactyla.{{cite journal |title=The phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla: the importance of dense taxon sampling, missing data, and the remarkable promise of cytochrome b to provide reliable species-level phylogenies |journal=Mol Phylogenet Evol |year=2008 |last1=Agnarsson |first1=I. |last2=May-Collado |first2=LJ. |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=964–985 |pmid=18590827 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.046|bibcode=2008MolPE..48..964A }}{{cite journal |title=A complete phylogeny of the whales, dolphins and even-toed hoofed mammals – Cetartiodactyla |journal=Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc |year=2005 |last1=Price |first1=SA. |last2=Bininda-Emonds |first2=OR. |last3=Gittleman |first3=JL. |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=445–473 |pmid=16094808 |doi=10.1017/s1464793105006743|s2cid=45056197 }}{{cite journal |title=Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12S RNA mitochondrial sequences |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |year=1997 |last1=Montgelard |first1=C. |last2=Catzeflis |first2=FM. |last3=Douzery |first3=E. |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=550–559 |pmid=9159933 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025792|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |title=Relationships of Cetacea -Artiodactyla- Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=e7062 |year=2009 |last1= Spaulding |first1=M. |last2=O'Leary |first2=MA. |last3=Gatesy |first3=J. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007062 |pmid=19774069 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7062S |pmc=2740860|doi-access=free }}{{cite web|url=http://www.iucn-csg.org/index.php/taxonomy/|title=Cetacean Species and Taxonomy|website=IUCN-SSC: Cetacean Specialist Group|access-date=December 14, 2015}}
Whale populations were drastically reduced in the 20th century from intensive whaling, which led to a moratorium on hunting by the International Whaling Commission in 1982.{{cite book|chapter-url={{Google books|plainurl=yes|id=5qDfAgAAQBAJ|page=328}}|first=Daniel|last=Beckman|year=2013|title=Marine Environmental Biology and Conservation|chapter=Conservation of Cetaceans|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Learning|page=328|isbn=978-0-7637-7350-2}}{{open access}} Smaller cetaceans are at risk of accidentally getting caught by fishing vessels using, namely, seine fishing, drift netting, or gill netting operations.{{cite book|last=Clover|first=Charles|title=The End of the Line: How Overfishing is Changing the World and what We Eat|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=OMY-gEKMod8C}}|year=2008|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25505-0}}
{{Mammals by population sidebar}}
Conventions
{{IUCN statuses|ex=0|ew=0|cr=5|en=11|vu=7|nt=10|lc=50|dd=9|ne=3}}
The following is a list of currently existing (or, in the jargon of taxonomy) 'extant' species of the infraorder cetacea (for extinct cetacean species, see the list of extinct cetaceans). The list is organized taxonomically into parvorders, superfamilies when applicable, families, subfamilies when applicable, genus, and then species. In tabular form, seven descriptors are given for each species: the common name; the scientific name; the IUCN Red List status; a global population estimate; a global map with its range; its weight with an image of its shape, and its size relative to a human; and a photograph.
Conservation status codes listed follow the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 20 January 2015).{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | title = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | publisher = International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources | access-date = 20 January 2015}}
Where available, the global population estimate has been listed. When not cited or footnoted differently, these are from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v. 2014.3; data current at 20 January 2015).
Mysticeti: baleen whales
{{Main|Baleen whale}}
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form the parvorder Mysticeti. Baleen whales are characterized by having baleen plates for filter feeding and two blowholes.{{cite journal |last=Karlsen |first=K. |year=1962 |title=Development of tooth germs and adjacent structures in the whalebone whale (Balaenoptera physalus) |journal=Hvalrådets Skrifter: Scientific Results of Marine Biological Research |volume=45 |pages=1–56 }}
= Family Balaenidae: right whales =
{{See also|Balaenidae}}
The family Balaenidae, the right whales, contains two genera and four species. All right whales have no ventral grooves; a distinctive head shape with a strongly arched, narrow rostrum, bowed lower jaw; lower lips that enfold the sides and front of the rostrum; and long, narrow, elastic baleen plates (up to nine times longer than wide) with fine baleen fringes.{{cite book| last = Martin | first = Dr. Anthony R. | title = Whales and Dolphins | publisher = Salamander Books | location = London | year = 1991| isbn = 978-0-8160-3922-7 }}
class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Balaena Linnaeus, 1758 – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | IUCN Red List status ! scope="col" | Global population estimate ! scope="col" | Range ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Bowhead whale
|Balaena mysticetus |{{IUCN status|LC|2467|1}} |10,000 |File:Cetacea range map Bowhead Whale.png |File:Bowhead whale size.svg |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Eubalaena Gray, 1864 – three species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | IUCN Red List status ! scope="col" | Global population estimate ! scope="col" | Range ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
North Atlantic right whale
|Eubalaena glacialis |{{IUCN status|CR|41712|1}} |350 |File:Eubalaena glacialis range map.png |File:Right whale size.svg |
North Pacific right whale
|Eubalaena japonica |{{IUCN status|EN|41711|1}} |File:Eubalaena japonica range map.png |File:Right whale size.svg |
Southern right whale
|Eubalaena australis |{{IUCN status|LC|8153|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Southern Right Whale.png |File:Right whale size.svg |
= Family Balaenopteridae: rorquals =
{{See also|Rorqual}}
Rorquals are the largest group of baleen whales, with eleven species in three genera. They include the largest animal that has ever lived, the blue whale. They take their name from a Norwegian word meaning "furrow whale"; all members of the family have a series of longitudinal folds of skin running from below the mouth back to the navel (except the sei whale, which has shorter grooves). They allow the mouth to expand immensely when feeding.{{cite journal|last1=Goldbogen|first1=Jeremy A.|title=The Ultimate Mouthful: Lunge Feeding in Rorqual Whales|journal=American Scientist|date=2010|volume=98|issue=2|pages=124–131|doi=10.1511/2010.83.124|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whales|access-date=2015-11-14|archive-date=2016-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028092321/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/the-ultimate-mouthful-lunge-feeding-in-rorqual-whales|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}} All rorquals have these unique folds.
class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|colspan="100%" align="center" style="background-color:lightblue;"|Subfamily Balaenopteridae – one genus, nine species |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Balaenoptera – nine species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Blue whale
|Balaenoptera musculus |{{IUCN status|EN|2477|1}} |5,000–15,000 |File:Cetacea range map Blue Whale.PNG |File:Blue whale size.svg |
150|MT|ST}} |
Bryde's whale
|Balaenoptera brydei |{{IUCN status|LC|2476|1}} |90,000–100,000 |File:Balaenoptera brydei range.png |File:Bryde's whale size.svg |
Eden's whale{{efn|The Society for Marine Mammalogy considers Eden's whale a smaller morph of the more widespread Bryde's whale based on current research.{{cite web |title=List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies |url=https://marinemammalscience.org/science-and-publications/list-marine-mammal-species-subspecies/ |website=MarineMammalScience.org |publisher=Society for Marine Mammalogy |date=May 2022}}}}
|Balaenoptera edeni |{{IUCN status|LC|2476|1}} |Unknown |File:Balaenoptera brydei2 range.png |Unknown |
Common minke whale
|Balaenoptera acutorostrata |{{IUCN status|LC|2474|1}} |200,000 |File:Cetacea range map Minke Whale.png |File:Minke whale size.svg |
4|MT|ST}} |
Rice's whale{{Cite journal|last1=Rosel|first1=Patricia E.|last2=Wilcox|first2=Lynsey A.|last3=Yamada|first3=Tadasu K.|last4=Mullin|first4=Keith D.|title=A new species of baleen whale (Balaenoptera) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of its geographic distribution|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mms.12776|journal=Marine Mammal Science|year=2021|volume=37|issue=2|pages=577–610|language=en|doi=10.1111/mms.12776|bibcode=2021MMamS..37..577R |s2cid=234256521|issn=1748-7692}}
|Balaenoptera ricei Rosel et al., 2021 |{{IUCN status|CR|41712|1}} |30–100 |File:Balaenoptera ricei range.svg |150px |
Fin whale
|Balaenoptera physalus |{{IUCN status|VU|2478|1}} |100,000 |File:Balaenoptera physalus - distribution range.svg |File:Fin whale size.svg |
Omura's whale
|Balaenoptera omurai |{{IUCN status|DD|136623|1}} |Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |File:Balaenoptera omurai, Madagascar - Royal Society Open Science 1.jpg |
Sei whale
|Balaenoptera borealis |{{IUCN status|EN|2475|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Sei Whale.PNG |File:Sei whale size.svg |
Antarctic minke whale
|Balaenoptera bonaerensis |{{IUCN status|NT|2480|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Antarctic Minke Whale.png |File:Minke whale size.svg |
10|MT|ST}} |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Megaptera Gray, 1846 – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Humpback whale
|Megaptera novaeangliae |{{IUCN status|LC|13006|1}} |84,000 |File:Cetacea range map Humpback Whale.png |File:Humpback whale size.svg |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Eschrichtius Gray, 1864 – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Gray whale
|Eschrichtius robustus |{{IUCN status|LC|8097|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Gray Whale.png |File:Gray whale size.svg |
= Family Cetotheriidae: pygmy right whale =
{{See also|Cetotheriidae}}
The pygmy right whale shares several characteristics with the right whales, with the exception of having a dorsal fin. Also, pygmy right whales' heads are no more than one quarter the size of their bodies, whereas the right whales' heads are about one-third the size of their bodies. The pygmy right whale is the only extant member of its family.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Caperea Gray, 1864 – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Pygmy right whale
|Caperea marginata |{{IUCN status|LC|3778|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Right Whale.png |File:Pygmy right whale size.svg |
3.5|MT|ST}} |
Odontoceti: toothed whales
{{Main|Toothed whale}}
The toothed whales (parvorder Odontoceti), as the name suggests, are characterized by having teeth (rather than baleen). Toothed whales are active hunters, feeding on fish, squid, and in some cases other marine mammals.{{cite book |last1=Klinowska |first1=M.|last2=Cooke |first2=J.|year=1991 |title=Dolphins, Porpoises, and Whales of the World: the IUCN Red Data Book |publisher=IUCN Publications |location=Columbia University Press, NY |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/RD-1991-001.pdf|isbn=978-2-88032-936-5}}
= Family Delphinidae: oceanic dolphins =
{{See also|Delphinidae}}
Oceanic dolphins are the members of the family Delphinidae. As the name implies, they tend to be found in the open seas, unlike the river dolphins, although a few species such as the Irrawaddy dolphin are coastal or riverine.
The Delphinidae are characterized by having distinct beaks (unlike the Phocoenidae), two or more fused cervical vertebrae and 20 or more pairs of teeth in their upper jaws. None is more than 4 m long.
class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Cephalorhynchus Gray, 1846 – four species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
---|---|
Chilean dolphin
|Cephalorhynchus eutropia |{{IUCN status|NT|4160|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Population estimated to be in the low thousands at the highest.}} |File:Cetacea range map Chilean Dolphin.PNG |File:Chilean dolphin size.svg | |
Commerson's dolphin
|Cephalorhynchus commersonii |{{IUCN status|LC|4159|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Commerson's Dolphin.PNG |File:Commerson's dolphin size.svg | |
Heaviside's dolphin
|Cephalorhynchus heavisidii |{{IUCN status|NT|4161|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Heaviside's Dolphin.PNG |File:Heaviside's dolphin size.svg | |
Hector's dolphin
|Cephalorhynchus hectori |{{IUCN status|EN|4162|1}} (subspecies Maui dolphin {{IUCN status|CR|39427|1}}) |7,381 (subspecies Maui dolphin 57–75 in 2016) |File:Cetacea range map Hector's Dolphin.PNG |File:Hector's dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Delphinus – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Common dolphin
|Delphinus delphis |{{IUCN status|LC|134817215|1}} | Unknown{{efn|There are estimated to be at least several million common dolphins worldwide, but several large portions of its range have not been surveyed.}} |File:Common dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Feresa – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Pygmy killer whale
|Feresa attenuata |{{IUCN status|LC|8551|1}} |Unknown{{efn|The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.}} |File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Killer Whale.PNG |File:Pygmy killer whale size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Globicephala – two species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Long-finned pilot whale
|Globicephala melas |{{IUCN status|LC|9250|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Total population is not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.}} (green) |File:Long-finned pilot whale size.svg | |
3.5|MT|ST}}
|File:Photo of the Week - Long-finned Pilot Whales (RI) (6892801246).jpg | |
Short-finned pilot whale
|Globicephala macrorhynchus |{{IUCN status|LC|9249|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.}} (dark blue) |File:Short-finned pilot whale size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Grampus – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Risso's dolphin
|Grampus griseus |{{IUCN status|LC|9461|1}} |Unknown{{efn|The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific, a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists}} |File:Grampus griseus distribution.png |File:Risso's dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lagenodelphis – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Fraser's dolphin
|Lagenodelphis hosei |{{IUCN status|LC|11140|1}} |Unknown{{efn|There are estimated to be at least 320,000 Fraser's dolphins worldwide, but several large portions of its range have not been surveyed}} |File:Cetacea range map Fraser'sDolphin.png |File:Fraser's dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lagenorhynchus Gray, 1846 – six species{{efn|The genus Lagenorhynchus is under revision and likely to be split into several different genera}} | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
White-beaked dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus albirostris |{{IUCN status|LC|11142|1}} |100,000{{efn|Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands}} |File:Cetacea range map White-beaked Dolphin.PNG |File:White-beaked dolphin size.svg | |
Atlantic white-sided dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus acutus |{{IUCN status|LC|11141|1}} |200,000–300,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} |File:Cetacea range map Atlantic White-sided Dolphin.PNG |File:Atlantic white-sided dolphin size.svg | |
Dusky dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus obscurus |{{IUCN status|LC|11146|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Dusky Dolphin.PNG |File:Dusky dolphin size.svg | |
Hourglass dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus cruciger |{{IUCN status|LC|11144|1}} |140,000 |File:Cetacea range map Hourglass Dolphin.PNG |File:Hourglass dolphin size.svg | |
Pacific white-sided dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus obliquidens |{{IUCN status|LC|11145|1}} |1,000,000 |File:Cetacea range map Pacific White-sided Dolphin.PNG |File:Pacific white-sided dolphin size.svg | |
Peale's dolphin
|Lagenorhynchus australis |{{IUCN status|LC|11143|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Total population unknown but thought to be locally common – it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands}} |File:Cetacea range map Black-chinned Dolphin.PNG |File:Peale's dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Lissodelphis – two species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Northern right whale dolphin
|Lissodelphis borealis |{{IUCN status|LC|12125|1}} |400,000{{efn|Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000}} |File:Cetacea range map Northern Right Whale Dolphin.PNG |File:Northern right whale dolphin size.svg | |
Southern right whale dolphin
|Lissodelphis peronii |{{IUCN status|LC|12126|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Surveys suggest this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters}} |File:Cetacea range map Southern Right Whale Dolphin.PNG |File:Southern right whale dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Orcaella Gray, 1866 – two species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Australian snubfin dolphin
|Orcaella heinsohni |{{IUCN status|VU|136315|1}} |9,000–10,000 |File:Orcaella heinsohni range.png |File:Orcaella heinsohni size.svg | |
Irrawaddy dolphin
|Orcaella brevirostris |{{IUCN status|EN|15419|1}} |78–102 |File:Irrawaddy dolphin range.png |File:Irrawaddy dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Orcinus – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Orca
|{{IUCN status|DD|15421|1}} |100,000{{efn|Local estimates include 70–80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway}} |File:Cetacea range map Orca.PNG |File:Orca size-2.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Peponocephala – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Melon-headed whale
|Peponocephala electra |{{IUCN status|LC|16564|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known}} |File:Cetacea range map Melon-headed Whale.PNG |File:Melon-headed whale size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Pseudorca – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
False killer whale
|Pseudorca crassidens |{{IUCN status|NT|18596|1}} |Unknown{{efn|The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping}} |File:Cetacea range map False Killer Whale.svg |File:False killer whale size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Sousa – four species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Atlantic humpback dolphin
|Sousa teuszii |{{IUCN status|CR|20425|1}} |1,500 |File:Cetacea range map Atlantic Humpback Dolphin.PNG |File:Humpback dolphins size.svg | |
Australian humpback dolphin
|Sousa sahulensis |{{IUCN status|VU|82031667|1}} |10,000 | File:Sousa sahulensis - map.svg
|{{cvt|230|–|250|kg|lbs}} |
Indian Ocean humpback dolphin
|Sousa plumbea |{{IUCN status|EN|82031633|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Population estimated to be in the low tens of thousands}} |File:Cetacea range map Indian Humpback Dolphin.PNG | |
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin
|Sousa chinensis |{{IUCN status|VU|82031425|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Pacific Humpback Dolphin.PNG |File:Humpback dolphins size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Sotalia – two species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Guiana dolphin
|Sotalia guianensis |{{IUCN status|NT|181359|1}} |Unknown |File:Sotalia guianensis - map.svg |File:Tucuxi size.svg | |
Tucuxi
|Sotalia fluviatilis |{{IUCN status|EN|190871|1}} |Unknown |File:Sotalia fluviatilis - map.svg |File:Tucuxi size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Stenella Gray, 1866 – five species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Atlantic spotted dolphin
|Stenella frontalis |{{IUCN status|LC|20732|1}} |100,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} |File:Verbreitungsgebiet des Zügeldelfins Stenella frontalis.PNG |File:Atlantic spotted dolphin size.svg |File:Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) NOAA.jpg | |
Clymene dolphin
|Stenella clymene |{{IUCN status|LC|20730|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Clymene Dolphin.png |File:Clymene dolphin size.svg | |
Pantropical spotted dolphin
|Stenella attenuata |{{IUCN status|LC|20729|1}} |3,000,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} |File:Cetacea range map Pantropical Spotted Dolphin.PNG |File:Pantropical spotted dolphin size.svg | |
Spinner dolphin
|Stenella longirostris |{{IUCN status|LC|20733|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Spinner Dolphin.PNG |File:Spinner dolphin size.svg | |
Striped dolphin
|Stenella coeruleoalba |{{IUCN status|LC|20731|1}} |2,000,000{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} |File:Cetacea range map Striped Dolphin.PNG |File:Striped dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Steno – one species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Rough-toothed dolphin
|Steno bredanensis |{{IUCN status|LC|20738|1}} |150,000 |File:Cetacea range map Rough-toothed Dolphin.PNG |File:Rough-toothed dolphin size.svg | |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Tursiops – three species | |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture | |
Common bottlenose dolphin
|Tursiops truncatus |{{IUCN status|LC|22563|1}} |File:Cypron-Range Tursiops truncatus.svg |File:Bottlenose dolphin size.svg | |
Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin
|Tursiops aduncus |{{IUCN status|NT|41714|1}} |Unknown |File:Distribution of Tursiops aduncus.png | {{convert|230|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | |
Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin
|Tursiops erebennus |{{IUCN status|NE}} |Unknown |Unknown | Unknown |
= Family Iniidae: river dolphins =
{{Main|Iniidae}}
This family contains one genus with two species.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Inia – two species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Amazon river dolphin
|Inia geoffrensis |{{IUCN status|EN|10831|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Amazon River Dolphin.PNG |File:Amazon river dolphin size.svg |
Araguaian river dolphin{{efn|As of November 2021, the Araguaian river dolphin is not recognized by the Society for Marine Mammalogy, which cites small sample size}}
|Inia araguaiaensis |{{IUCN status|NE}} |Unknown |File:Inia range map PLoS ONE.jpg |File:Amazon river dolphin size.svg |
= Family Kogiidae: dwarf and pygmy sperm whales =
{{See also|Kogiidae}}
The dwarf and pygmy sperm whales resemble sperm whales, but are far smaller. They have blunt, squarish heads with narrow, underslung jaws; the flippers are set far forward, close to the head and their dorsal fins are set far back down the body.{{cite journal|last1=Huggenberger|first1=S.|last2=Leidenberger|first2=S.|last3=Oelschläger|first3=H. H. A.|date=December 13, 2016|title=Asymmetry of the nasofacial skull in toothed whales (Odontoceit)|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=302|issue=1|pages=15–23|doi=10.1111/jzo.12425}}
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Kogia – two species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Dwarf sperm whale
|Kogia sima |{{IUCN status|LC|11048|1}} |Unknown{{efn|No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific}} |File:Cetacea range map Dwarf Sperm Whale.png |File:Dwarf sperm whale size.svg |
Pygmy sperm whale
|Kogia breviceps |{{IUCN status|LC|11047|1}} |Unknown{{efn|No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific}} |File:Kogia breviceps range.png |File:Pygmy sperm whale size.svg |
= Family Lipotidae: baiji =
{{Main|Lipotidae}}
The family Lipotidae contains only the baiji. DNA evidence suggests it separated from oceanic dolphins about 25 million years ago.{{cite journal|last1=Zhou|first1=X.|last2=Sun|first2=F.|last3=Xu|first3=S.|display-authors=et al.|year=2013|title=Baiji genomes reveal low genetic variability and new insights into secondary aquatic adaptations|journal=Nature Communications|volume=4|issue=2708|page=2708|bibcode=2013NatCo...4.2708Z|doi=10.1038/ncomms3708|pmc=3826649|pmid=24169659}} The species was declared functionally extinct in 2006 after an expedition to estimate the population found none.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Lipotes – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Baiji
|Lipotes vexillifer |{{IUCN status|CR|12119|1}} |0–13{{efn|A survey from November–December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986, surveys estimated the number to be at about 300}} |File:Yangtze Dolphins range.jpg |File:Baiji size.svg |
= Family Monodontidae: narwhal and beluga =
{{See also|Monodontidae}}
The Monodontidae lack dorsal fins, which have been replaced by tough, fibrous ridges just behind the midpoints of their bodies and are probably an adaptation to swimming under ice, as both do in their Arctic habitat. The flippers are small, rounded and tend to curl up at the ends in adulthood. All, or almost all, the cervical vertebrae are unfused, allowing their heads to be turned independently of their bodies.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
|colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Delphinapterus – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Beluga
|Delphinapterus leucas |{{IUCN status|LC|6335|1}} |136,000{{efn|There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around [https://web.archive.org/web/20051026124931/http://www.wdcs.org/dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/1B8A4EB4B9FA1BBF80256D11004B2EA2 1000]}} |File:Cetacea range map Beluga.png |File:Beluga size.svg |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF"|Genus Monodon – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Narwhal
|Monodon monoceros |{{IUCN status|LC|13704|1}} |123,000 |File:Cetacea range map Narwhal.png |File:Narwhal size.svg |
1,500|kg|lbs}} |
= Family Phocoenidae: porpoises =
{{See also|Phocoenidae}}
Porpoises are small cetaceans of the family Phocoenidae. They are distinct from dolphins, although the word "porpoise" has been used to refer to any small dolphin, especially by sailors and fishermen. The most obvious visible differences between the two groups are that porpoises have a less pronounced beak, and have spade-shaped teeth as opposed to conical.{{cite web|url=https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/dolphin_porpoise.html|title=What's the difference between dolphins and porpoises?|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=5 December 2019}}
Porpoises, divided into seven species, live in all oceans. They span from species that live almost exclusively coastal and in rivers (finless porpoises) to species that are entirely oceanic (spectacled porpoise).
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Neophocaena – two or three species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Indo-Pacific finless porpoise
|Neophocaena phocaenoides {{pb}}Cuvier, 1829 |{{IUCN status|VU|198920|1}}{{efn|There is not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list}} |Unknown{{efn|There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.}} |File:Cetacea range map Finless Porpoise.PNG |File:Finless porpoise size.svg{{pb}} {{cvt|30|–|45|kg|lbs}} |File:Neophocaena phocaenoides -Miyajima Aquarium -Japan-8a.jpg |
Yangtze finless porpoise
|Neophocaena asiaeorientalis{{pb}}Cuvier, 1829 |{{IUCN status|EN|41754|1}} (subspecies Yangtze finless porpoise {{IUCN status|CR|43205774|1}}){{efn|In China, they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing.}} |Unknown (subspecies Yangtze finless porpoise 1,012 in 2018{{cite news |script-title=zh:长江江豚减少 仅剩约1012头 |url=http://epaper.bjnews.com.cn/html/2018-07/25/content_727143.htm |access-date=28 August 2021 |work=The Beijing News |date=25 July 2018 |language=zh}}{{cite news |script-title=zh:农业农村部:长江江豚减少 仅剩约1012头 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-07/25/c_1123171998.htm |access-date=28 August 2021 |work=The Beijing News |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=25 July 2018 |language=zh}}) |File:Finless porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|30|–|45|kg|lbs}} |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Phocoena – four species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Burmeister's porpoise
|Phocoena spinipinnis{{pb}}Burmeister, 1865 |{{IUCN status|NT|17029|1}} |Unknown{{efn|There are no quantitative data on abundance.}} |File:Cetacea range map Burmeister's Porpoise.PNG |File:Burmeister's porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|50|–|75|kg|lbs}} |File:Burmeister's porpoise - Phocoena spinipinnis - 2022-02-24.png |
Harbour porpoise
|Phocoena phocoena{{pb}}Linnaeus, 1758 |{{IUCN status|LC|17027|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Harbour Porpoise.PNG |File:Harbour porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|75|kg}} |
Spectacled porpoise
|Phocoena dioptrica{{pb}}Lahille, 1912 |{{IUCN status|LC|41715|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.}} |File:Cetacea range map Spectacled Porpoise.PNG |File:Spectacled porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|60|–|84|kg|lbs}} |
Vaquita
|Phocoena sinus{{pb}}Norris & McFarland, 1958 |{{IUCN status|CR|17028|1}} |File:Cetacea range map Vaquita.PNG |File:Vaquita size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|50|kg|lbs}} |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Phocoenoides – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Dall's porpoise
|Phocoenoides dalli{{pb}}True, 1885 |{{IUCN status|LC|17032|1}} |1,100,000{{efn|The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.}} |File:Cetacea range map Dall's Porpoise.PNG |File:Dall's porpoise size.svg{{pb}}{{cvt|130|–|200|kg|lbs}} |
= Family Physeteridae: sperm whale =
{{See also|Physeteridae}}
The sperm whale characteristically has a large, squarish head one-third the length of its body; the blowhole is slightly to the left hand side; the skin is usually wrinkled; and it has no teeth on the upper jaw.
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Physeter – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Sperm whale
|Physeter macrocephalus |{{IUCN status|VU|41755|1}} |200,000–2,000,000{{efn|The total number of sperm whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals}} |File:Cetacea range map Sperm Whale 4.PNG |File:Sperm whale size.svg |
= Family Platanistidae: South Asian river dolphins =
{{Main|Platanistidae}}
The Platanistidae were originally thought to hold only one species (the South Asian river dolphin), but, based on differences in skull structure, vertebrae and lipid composition, it was split into two separate species in the early 1970s, before being demoted back to subspecies in 1988.{{cite book|last=Rice|first=DW|title=Marine mammals of the world: Systematics and distribution|publisher=Society for Marine Mammalogy|year=1998|isbn=978-1-891276-03-3|pages=92–95}} However, more recent studies support them being distinct species.{{Cite journal|last1=Braulik|first1=G. T.|last2=Archer|first2=F. I.|last3=Khan|first3=U.|last4=Imran|first4=M.|last5=Sinha|first5=R. K.|last6=Jefferson|first6=T. A.|last7=Donovan|first7=C.|last8=Graves|first8=J. A.|year=2021|title=Taxonomic revision of the South Asian River dolphins (Platanista): Indus and Ganges River dolphins are separate species|journal=Marine Mammal Science|volume=37|issue=3|pages=1022–1059|doi=10.1111/mms.12801|doi-access=free|bibcode=2021MMamS..37.1022B |hdl=10023/21691|hdl-access=free}}
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Platanista – two species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Ganges river dolphin
|Platanista gangetica |{{IUCN status|EN|41756|1}} |File:SouthAsianRiverDolphin distribution2019.png (orange) |File:South Asian river dolphin size comparison.svg |
Indus river dolphin
|Platanista minor Owen, 1853 |{{IUCN status|EN|41757|1}} |File:SouthAsianRiverDolphin distribution2019.png (blue) |File:South Asian river dolphin size comparison.svg |File:A-Platanista-gangetica-showing-the-body-shape-and-especially-the-head-with-a-long-beak.png |
= Family Pontoporiidae: La Plata dolphin =
{{Main|Pontoporiidae}}
The La Plata dolphin is the only species of the family Pontoporiidae and genus Pontoporia. These dolphins are known for their long beak in relation to their relatively small body size. They have a small geographic range and are mainly found in the waters along the east coast of South America. La Plata dolphins are exclusively marine organisms, however, they are grouped with river dolphins due to the fact that they reside in the La Plata River which is a salt-water estuary. With their white or sometimes pale brown coloration, fishermen tend to call them "the white ghost", as they also tend to stray away from any human interaction.{{cite web|title=National Marine Mammal Laboratory - La Plata Dolphins|url=https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/education/cetaceans/laplata.php#many|access-date=18 March 2019|website=Alaska Fisheries Science Center - NOAA Fisheries|publisher=NOAA Fisheries}}
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Pontoporia – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
La Plata dolphin
|Pontoporia blainvillei |{{IUCN status|VU|17978|1}} |4,000–4,500 |File:Cetacea range map La Plata River Dolphin.PNG |File:La plata dolphin size.svg |
= Family Ziphiidae: beaked whales =
{{See also|Ziphiidae}}
A beaked whale is any of at least 22 species of whale in the family Ziphiidae. Several species have only been described in the last two decades. Six genera have been identified.
They possess a unique feeding mechanism among cetaceans known as suction feeding. They are characterized by having a lower jaw that extends at least to the tip of the upper jaw, a shallow or non-existent notch between the tail flukes, a dorsal fin set far backwards, three of four fused neck vertebrae, extensive skull asymmetry and two conspicuous throat grooves forming a 'V' pattern (which aid in sucking).
class="wikitable" style="width:100%;text-align:center"
| colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Berardius – three species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
---|
Arnoux's beaked whale
|Berardius arnuxii |{{IUCN status|LC|2762|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer}} |File:Cetacea range map Arnoux 27s Beaked Whale.png |File:Arnoux's beaked whale size.svg |
Baird's beaked whale
|Berardius bairdii |{{IUCN status|LC|2763|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except they are not rare as was formerly thought}} |File:Cetacea range map Baird 27s Beaked Whale.png |File:Baird's beaked whale size.svg |
Sato's beaked whale
|Berardius minimus |{{IUCN status|NT|178756893|1}} |Unknown |North Pacific |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Tasmacetus – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Shepherd's beaked whale
|Tasmacetus shepherdi |{{IUCN status|DD|21500|1}} |Unknown{{efn|Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition}} |
2.5|MT|ST}}
|File:Tasmacetus shepherdi, Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha, January 27, 2017.png |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Ziphius – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Cuvier's beaked whale
|Ziphius cavirostris |{{IUCN status|LC|23211|1}} |100,000{{efn|Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown}} |File:Cetacea range map Cuvier's Beaked Whale.PNG |File:Cuvier's beaked whale size.svg |
colspan="100%" align="center" style="background-color:lightblue;" |Subfamily Hyperoodontinae – three genera, 17 species |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Hyperoodon – two species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Northern bottlenose whale
|Hyperoodon ampullatus |{{IUCN status|NT|10707|1}} |10,000{{efn|Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000}} |File:Cetacea range map Northern Bottlenose Whale.PNG |File:Northern bottlenose whale size.svg |
Southern bottlenose whale
|Hyperoodon planifrons |{{IUCN status|LC|10708|1}} |500,000 |File:Cetacea range map Southern Bottlenose Whale.PNG |File:Southern bottlenose whale size.svg |File:Southern Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon planifrons, December 2016, near Clarence Island.jpg |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Indopacetus – one species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Tropical bottlenose whale
|Indopacetus pacificus |{{IUCN status|LC|40635|1}} |Unknown{{efn|A 2002 survey estimates there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales}} |File:Cetacea range map Longman 27s Beaked Whale.png |File:Indopacetus pacificus size.svg |
4|MT|ST}} |
colspan="100%" align="center" bgcolor="#BBBBFF" |Genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850 – 15 species |
scope="col" | Common name
! scope="col" | Scientific name ! scope="col" | Status ! scope="col" | Population ! scope="col" | Distribution ! scope="col" | Size ! scope="col" | Picture |
Andrews' beaked whale
|Mesoplodon bowdoini |{{IUCN status|DD|13242|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Andrews Beaked Whale.png |File:Andrew's beaked whale size.svg |
Blainville's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon densirostris |{{IUCN status|LC|13244|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Blainvilles Beaked Whale.png |
Deraniyagala's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon hotaula |{{IUCN status|DD|127826787|1}} |Unknown |Indian and South Pacific |{{cvt|4 |
5|m}}
|[cetacean needed] |
Gervais' beaked whale
|Mesoplodon europaeus |{{IUCN status|LC|13245|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Gervais Beaked Whale.png |File:Gervais' beaked whale size.svg |
Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale
|Mesoplodon ginkgodens |{{IUCN status|DD|127827012|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale.png |File:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale size.svg |
Gray's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon grayi |{{IUCN status|LC|13247|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Grays Beaked Whale.png |File:Gray's beaked whale size.svg |
Hector's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon hectori |{{IUCN status|DD|13248|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Hectors Beaked Whale.png |File:Hector's beaked whale size.svg |
Hubbs' beaked whale
|Mesoplodon carlhubbsi |{{IUCN status|DD|13243|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Hubbs Beaked Whale.png |File:Hubb's beaked whale size.svg |
Perrin's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon perrini |{{IUCN status|EN|41759|1}} |500–1,164 |North Pacific |File:Mesoplodon perrini size.svg |
Pygmy beaked whale
|Mesoplodon peruvianus |{{IUCN status|LC|13251|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Pygmy Beaked Whale.png |File:Mesoplodon peruvianus size.svg |
Ramari's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon eueu |{{IUCN status|DD|215824818|1}} |Unknown |File:M. mirus & M. eueu distribution.jpg (red circle) |Unknown |
Sowerby's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon bidens |{{IUCN status|LC|13241|1}} |Unknown |
1.3|MT|ST}} |
Spade-toothed whale
|Mesoplodon traversii, syn. Mesoplodon bahamondi |{{IUCN status|DD|41760|1}} |Unknown |File:Mesoplodon traversii distribution.png |File:Mesoplodon bahamondi size.svg |
Stejneger's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon stejnegeri |{{IUCN status|NT|13252|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Stejneger sBeaked Whale.png |File:Stejneger's beaked whale size.svg |
Strap-toothed whale
|Mesoplodon layardii |{{IUCN status|LC|13249|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Layards Beaked Whale.png |File:Straptoothed whale size.svg |
True's beaked whale
|Mesoplodon mirus |{{IUCN status|LC|13250|1}} |Unknown |File:Cetacea range map Trues Beaked Whale.png (North Atlantic only; map includes range of M. eueu in Indian Ocean) |File:True's beaked whale size.svg |
See also
{{Portal|Cetaceans|Mammals|Marine life|Oceans}}
Footnotes
{{notelist|3}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
{{Refbegin}}
- {{cite book | last = Rice | first = Dale W. | year = 1998 | title = Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution | publisher = Society of Marine Mammalogy, Special Publication No. 4|isbn=1891276034 }}
- {{MSW3 Cetacea}}
- {{Cite web|url=http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlist2006/redlist2006.htm |title=Red List of Threatened Species |publisher=IUCN |access-date=2006-11-09 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20061102232005/http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlist2006/redlist2006.htm |archive-date=2006-11-02 |url-status=dead }}
- Carwardine, M., Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, Dorling Kindersley, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0-7513-2781-6}}.
{{Refend}}
External links
{{Commons category|Cetacea}}
{{Wikispecies|Cetacea}}
{{Wikibooks|Dichotomous Key|Cetacea}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611100729/http://www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/index.htm CMS Small Cetaceans]
{{Cetacea}}
{{Mammal lists}}
{{featured list}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Cetaceans}}