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list of extinct cetaceans

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{{For|current cetaceans|List of cetaceans}}

The list of extinct cetaceans features the extinct genera and species of the order Cetacea. The cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) are descendants of land-living mammals, the even-toed ungulates. The earliest cetaceans were still hoofed mammals. These early cetaceans became gradually better adapted for swimming than for walking on land, finally evolving into fully marine cetaceans.

This list currently includes only fossil genera and species. However, the Atlantic population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) became extinct in the 18th century, and the baiji (or Chinese river dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer) was declared "functionally extinct" after an expedition in late 2006 failed to find any in the Yangtze River.

Suborder Archaeoceti

=Family Ambulocetidae=

(Eocene)

Image:Dorudon BW.jpg]]

=Family Basilosauridae=

(Late Eocene)

:* Tutcetus

:* Perucetus

File:Basilosaurus1DB.jpg reconstruction]]

=Family Kekenodontidae=

(Oligocene)

  • Kekenodon
  • Tohoraonepu {{Cite journal |last1=Corrie |first1=Joshua E. |last2=Fordyce |first2=R. Ewan |date=2024-01-31 |title=A new genus and species of kekenodontid from the late Oligocene of New Zealand with comments on the evolution of tooth displacement in Cetacea |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand |volume=54 |issue=5 |language=en |pages=722–737 |doi=10.1080/03036758.2023.2297696 |issn=0303-6758|doi-access=free |pmid=39440285 |bibcode=2024JRSNZ..54..722C |pmc=11459822 }}

=Family Pakicetidae=

(Early to Middle Eocene)

File:Ambulocetus et pakicetus.jpg skeleton in front and Pakicetus behind]]

=Family Protocetidae=

(Eocene)

File:Rhodocetus BW.jpg reconstruction]]

=Family Remingtonocetidae=

(Eocene)

  • Andrewsiphius
  • Attockicetus
  • Dalanistes
  • Kutchicetus
  • Rayanistes{{cite journal | last1 = Bebej | first1 = Ryan M. | last2 = Zalmout | first2 = Iyad S. | last3 = Abed El-Aziz | first3 = Ahmed A. | last4 = Mohammed | last5 = Antar | first5 = Sameh M. | last6 = Gingerich | first6 = Philip D. | year = 2016 | title = First remingtonocetid archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the middle Eocene of Egypt with implications for biogeography and locomotion in early cetacean evolution | journal = Journal of Paleontology | volume = 89| issue = 5| pages = 882–893| doi = 10.1017/jpa.2015.57 | s2cid = 131700344}}
  • Remingtonocetus

Suborder Mysticeti

=Family Llanocetidae=

(Late Eocene-Early Oligocene)

=Family Mammalodontidae=

(jr synonym Janjucetidae)

File:Janjucetus Melb Museum email.jpg]]

(Late Oligocene)

=Family ''incertae sedis''=

  • Borealodon
  • Coronodon{{cite journal | last1 = Geisler | first1 = Jonathan H. | last2 = Boessenecker | first2 = Robert W. | last3 = Brown | first3 = Mace | last4 = Beatty | first4 = Brian L. | year = 2017 | title = The Origin of Filter Feeding in Whales | journal = Current Biology | volume = 27| issue = 13| pages = 2036–2042.e2| doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.003 | doi-access = free | pmid = 28669761| bibcode = 2017CBio...27E2036G }}

=Clade Kinetomenta=

=Family Aetiocetidae=

(Oligocene)

File:Aetiocetus BW.jpg restoration]]

  • Aetiocetus
  • Ashorocetus
  • Chonecetus
  • Fucaia{{cite journal | last1 = Marx | first1 = Felix G. | last2 = Tsai | first2 = Cheng-Hsiu | last3 = Fordyce | first3 = R. Ewan | year = 2015 | title = A new Early Oligocene toothed 'baleen' whale (Mysticeti: Aetiocetidae) from western North America: one of the oldest and the smallest | journal = Royal Society Open Science | volume = 2 | issue = 12| page = 150476 | doi = 10.1098/rsos.150476 | doi-access = free | pmid = 27019734 | pmc = 4807455 | bibcode = 2015RSOS....250476M}}
  • Morawanocetus
  • Niparajacetus
  • Salishicetus
  • Willungacetus

==Clade Chaeomysticeti==

  • Atlanticetus{{Cite journal|author1=Michelangelo Bisconti |author2=Piero Damarco |author3=Selina Mao |author4=Marco Pavia |author5=Giorgio Carnevale |year=2020 |title=The earliest baleen whale from the Mediterranean: large-scale implications of an early Miocene thalassotherian mysticete from Piedmont, Italy |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=1147–1166 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1336 |s2cid=225373484 }}

===Family ''incertae sedis''===

==Superfamily Eomysticetoidea==

===Family Cetotheriopsidae===

(Oligocene to Miocene)

===Family Eomysticetidae===

(Oligocene to early Miocene)

  • Echericetus{{Cite journal|last1=Hernández-Cisneros |first1=A. E. |last2=Schwennicke |first2=T. |last3=Rochín-Bañaga |first3=H. |last4=Tsai |first4=C.H. |year=2024 |title=Echericetus novellus n. gen. n. sp. (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Eomysticetidae), an Oligocene baleen whale from Baja California Sur, Mexico |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=1309–1328 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2023.80 |doi-access=free }}
  • Eomysticetus
  • Matapanui
  • Micromysticetus
  • Tohoraata
  • Tokarahia
  • Waharoa
  • Yamatocetus

===Family Aglaocetidae===

(Miocene)

==Superfamily Balaenoidea==

===Family Balaenidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

  • Antwerpibalaena
  • Archaeobalaena{{Cite journal|author1=Yoshihiro Tanaka |author2=Hitoshi Furusawa |author3=Masaichi Kimura |year=2020 |title=A new member of fossil balaenid (Mysticeti, Cetacea) from the early Pliocene of Hokkaido, Japan |journal=Royal Society Open Science |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=Article ID 192182 |doi=10.1098/rsos.192182 |pmid=32431893 |pmc=7211833 |bibcode=2020RSOS....792182T}}
  • Balaena
  • Balaena affinis
  • Balaena arcuata
  • Balaena larteti
  • Balaena macrocephalus
  • Balaena montalionis
  • Balaena ricei
  • Balaenella
  • Balaenotus
  • Balaenula
  • Charadrobalaena{{Cite journal|last1=Bisconti |first1=M. |last2=Chicchi |first2=S. |last3=Monegatti |first3=P. |last4=Scacchetti |first4=M. |last5=Campanini |first5=R. |last6=Marsili |first6=S. |last7=Carnevale |first7=G. |title=Taphonomy, osteology and functional morphology of a partially articulated skeleton of an archaic Pliocene right whale from Emilia Romagna (NW Italy) |year=2023 |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=231–262 |doi=10.4435/BSPI.2023.09 |doi-broken-date=2024-11-20 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375597501 }}
  • Eubalaena (extant)
  • Eubalaena ianitrix
  • Eubalaena shinshuensis
  • Idiocetus
  • Peripolocetus
  • Protobalaena

===Family ''incertae sedis''===

==Clade Thalassotherii==

===Family Cetotheriidae===

(Miocene - Pliocene)

Classification follows Steeman (2007) unless otherwise noted.{{cite journal|author= M. E. Steeman|title=Cladistic analysis and a revised classification of fossil and recent mysticetes |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=150 |issue=4 |year=2007 |pages=875–894 |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00313.x|doi-access=free}}

File:Cetotherium BW.jpg restoration]]

  • Adicetus{{cite journal|last1=Figueiredo |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Bosselaers |first2=Mark |last3=Póvoas |first3=Liliana |last4=Castanhinha |first4=Rui |date=2024-03-13 |title=Redescription of three fossil baleen whale skulls from the Miocene of Portugal reveals new cetotheriid phylogenetic insights |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=e0298658 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0298658 |doi-access=free |pmid=38478506 |issn=1932-6203|pmc=10936793 |bibcode=2024PLoSO..1998658F }}
  • Brandtocetus
  • Cephalotropis
  • Cetotherium
  • Ciuciulea
  • Eucetotherium
  • Halicetus
  • Herentalia
  • Herpetocetus
  • Hibacetus{{cite journal |last1=Otsuka |first1=H. |last2=Ota |first2=Y. |year=2008 |title=Cetotheres from the early Middle Miocene Bihoku Group in Shobara District, Hiroshima Prefecture, West Japan |journal= Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=1–66}}
  • Joumocetus
  • Kurdalagonus
  • Metopocetus
  • Mithridatocetus
  • NannocetusFile:Parietobalaena palmeri.jpg skull]]
  • Piscobalaena
  • Thinocetus
  • Titanocetus{{cite journal |last1=Bisconti |first1=M. |year=2006 |title=Titanocetus, a new baleen whale from the middle Miocene of northern Italy (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti). |journal= Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=344–354 |jstor=4524574 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[344:tanbwf]2.0.co;2|s2cid=86070080}}
  • Tiucetus
  • Vampalus
  • Zygiocetus{{cite journal | last1 = Tarasenko | first1 = K. K. | year = 2014 | title = Novye rody usatykh kitov (Cetacea, Mammalia) iz miotsena Severnogo Kavkaza i Predkavkaz'ya. 3. Zygiocetus gen. nov. (srednii sarmat, Adygeya) | journal = Paleontological Journal | volume = 48 | issue = 5}}

===Family Diorocetidae===

(Miocene to Pliocene)

===Family Neobalaenidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

===Family Pelocetidae===

(Miocene)

===Family ''incertae sedis''===

==Superfamily Balaenopteroidea==

File:Eobalaenoptera.jpg skeleton]]

===Family Balaenopteridae===

(Miocene to Recent)

===Family Eschrichtiidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

===Family Tranatocetidae===

  • Mesocetus
  • Mixocetus{{cite journal |last1=Kellogg |first1=R. |year=1934 |title= A new cetothere from the Modelo Formation at Los Angeles, California. |journal= Carnegie Institution of Washington |volume=447 |pages=83–104}}
  • Tranatocetus

===Family ''incertae sedis''===

Suborder Odontoceti

=Basal forms=

==Family Agorophiidae==

(Early Oligocene)

==Family Ashleycetidae==

(Early Oligocene)

==Family Patriocetidae==

(Oligocene to Early Miocene)

==Family Simocetidae==

(Early Oligocene)

==Family Xenorophidae==

(Late Oligocene)

  • Albertocetus
  • Archaeodelphis
  • Cotylocara
  • Echovenator{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.004| pmid=27498568| title=The Origin of High-Frequency Hearing in Whales| journal=Current Biology| volume=26| issue=16| pages=2144–2149| year=2016| last1=Churchill| first1=Morgan| last2=Martinez-Caceres| first2=Manuel| last3=De Muizon| first3=Christian| last4=Mnieckowski| first4=Jessica| last5=Geisler| first5=Jonathan H.| doi-access=free| bibcode=2016CBio...26.2144C}}
  • Inermorostrum
  • Mirocetus
  • Xenorophus

==Family Inticetidae==

==Family Microzeuglodontidae==

==Family Squaloziphiidae==

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

==Family ''incertae sedis''==

=Superfamily Squalodontoidea=

==Family Dalpiazinidae==

(Late Oligocene to Miocene)

==Family Prosqualodontidae==

(Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene)

  • Parasqualodon{{cite journal | last1 = Fitzgerald | first1 = E.M.G. | year = 2004 | title = A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia | journal = Memoirs of Museum Victoria | volume = 61 | issue = 2| pages = 183–208 | doi = 10.24199/j.mmv.2004.61.12 | doi-access = free}}
  • Prosqualodon

=Superfamily Physeteroidea=

==Family Kogiidae==

(Miocene to recent)

  • Aprixokogia
  • Kogia (extant)
  • Kogia pusilla
  • Kogia danomurai
  • Kogiopsis
  • Koristocetus
  • Nanokogia
  • Platyscaphokogia{{Cite journal|author1=Alberto Collareta |author2=Olivier Lambert |author3=Christian de Muizon |author4=Aldo Marcelo Benites Palomino |author5=Mario Urbina |author6=Giovanni Bianucci |year=2020 |title=A new physeteroid from the late Miocene of Peru expands the diversity of extinct dwarf and pygmy sperm whales (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Kogiidae) |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=19 |issue=5 |pages=79–100 |doi=10.5852/cr-palevol2020v19a5 |s2cid=222287604 |url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/fr/periodiques/comptes-rendus-palevol/19/5 |doi-access=free |hdl=11568/1070698 |hdl-access=free }}
  • Pliokogia
  • Praekogia
  • Scaphokogia
  • Thalassocetus

==Family Physeteridae==

  • Cozzuoliphyseter{{cite journal |author1=Florencia Paolucci |author2=Marta S. Fernández |author3=Mónica R. Buono |author4=José I. Cuitiño |year=2020 |title={{'}}Aulophyseter{{'}} rionegrensis (Cetacea: Odontoceti: Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Patagonia (Argentina): a reappraisal |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=192 |issue=4 |pages=1293–1322 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa137 |doi-access=free }}
  • Eophyseter{{Cite journal|last1=Bisconti|first1=M.|last2=Daniello|first2=R.|last3=Stecca|first3=R.|last4=Carnevale|first4=G.|title=A new Pliocene sperm whale from Vigliano D’Asti, Piedmont, Northwest Italy.|journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia|volume=131|issue=1|pages=139-175|doi=10.54103/2039-4942/22338}}
  • Ferecetotherium
  • Idiophyseter
  • Idiorophus
  • Orycterocetus
  • Physeterula
  • Placoziphius
  • Preaulophyseter
  • Scaldicetus

==Family ''incertae sedis''==

  • Acrophyseter
  • Albicetus
  • Aulophyseter{{cite journal |last1=Remington |first1=Kellogg |year=1927 |title=Study of the skull of a fossil sperm-whale from the Temblor Miocene of Southern California |journal=Contributions to Palaeontology from the Carnegie Institution of Washington |pages=3–24}}
  • Brygmophyseter
  • Diaphorocetus
  • Eudelphis
  • Hoplocetus (nomen dubium)
  • Livyatan{{cite journal | last1 = Lambert | first1 = O. | last2 = Bianucci | first2 = G. | last3 = Post | first3 = K. | last4 = de Muizon | first4 = C. | last5 = Salas-Gismondi | first5 = R. | last6 = Urbina | first6 = M. | last7 = Reumer | first7 = J. | year = 2010 | title = The giant bite of a new raptorial sperm whale from the Miocene epoch of Peru | journal = Nature | volume = 466 | issue = 7302| pages = 105–108 | doi = 10.1038/nature09067 | pmid = 20596020 | bibcode = 2010Natur.466..105L | s2cid = 4369352}}
  • Miokogia (nomen dubium)
  • Paleophoca (nomen dubium)
  • Prophyseter (nomen dubium)
  • Rhaphicetus{{cite journal |author1=Olivier Lambert |author2=Christian de Muizon |author3=Mario Urbina |author4=Giovanni Bianucci |year=2020 |title=A new longirostrine sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) from the lower Miocene of the Pisco Basin (southern coast of Peru) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=18 |issue=20 |pages=1707–1742 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2020.1805520 |bibcode=2020JSPal..18.1707L |s2cid=221838686 }}
  • Zygophyseter

=Superfamily "Eurhinodelphinoidea"=

==Family Argyrocetidae==

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

==Family Eoplatanistidae==

(Miocene)

==Family Eurhinodelphinidae==

(Late Oligocene to Late Miocene)

File:Macrodelphinus kelloggi.jpg & Eurhinodelphis]]

=Superfamily Platanistoidea=

  • Aondelphis
  • Awamokoa{{cite journal | last1 = Tanaka | first1 = Yoshihiro | last2 = Fordyce | first2 = R. Ewan | year = 2016 | title = Awamokoa tokarahi, a new basal dolphin in the Platanistoidea (late Oligocene, New Zealand) | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 15| issue = 5| page = 1| doi = 10.1080/14772019.2016.1202339 | s2cid = 88599973}}
  • Dolgopolis
  • Ensidelphis
  • Perditicetus
  • Urkudelphis

==Family Allodelphinidae==

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

  • Allodelphis
  • Arktocara
  • Goedertius{{cite journal | last1 = Kimura | first1 = T. | last2 = Barnes | first2 = L.G. | year = 2016 | title = New Miocene fossil Allodelphinidae(Cetacea, Odontoceti, Platanistoidea) from the North Pacific Ocean | journal = Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History | volume = 20 | pages = 1–58}}
  • Ninjadelphis
  • Zarhinocetus

File:Arktocara NT small.jpg

==Family Platanistidae==

(Early Miocene to Recent)

==Family Squalodelphinidae==

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

  • Furcacetus {{Cite journal|author1=Giovanni Bianucci |author2=Christian de Muizon |author3=Mario Urbina |author4=Olivier Lambert |year=2020 |title=Extensive diversity and disparity of the early Miocene platanistoids (Cetacea, Odontoceti) in the southeastern Pacific (Chilcatay Formation, Peru) |journal=Life |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=Article 27 |doi=10.3390/life10030027 |pmid=32197480 |pmc=7151620 |bibcode=2020Life...10...27B |doi-access=free }}
  • Furcadelphis
  • Huaridelphis{{cite journal | last1 = Lambert | first1 = Olivier | last2 = Bianucci | first2 = Giovanni | last3 = Urbina | first3 = Mario | year = 2014 | title = Huaridelphis raimondii, a new early Miocene Squalodelphinidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) from the Chilcatay Formation, Peru | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 34 | issue = 5| pages = 987–1004 | doi = 10.1080/02724634.2014.858050 | bibcode = 2014JVPal..34..987L | doi-access = free}}
  • Macrosqualodelphis
  • Medocinia
  • Notocetus
  • Phocageneus
  • Squalodelphis

==Family Squalodontidae==

(Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene)

==Family Waipatiidae==

(Late Oligocene to Early Miocene)

  • ?Microcetus
  • Otekaikea
  • Papahu{{Cite journal|author=Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández and R. Ewan Fordyce |year=2014 |title=Papahu taitapu, gen. et sp. nov., an early Miocene stem odontocete (Cetacea) from New Zealand |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=195–210 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.799069 |bibcode=2014JVPal..34..195A |s2cid=39844420 |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/127924/1/Papahu%20taitapu%20gen%20et%20sp%20nov%20an%20early%20Miocene%20stem%20odontocete%20Cetacea%20from%20New%20Zealand.pdf}}
  • Sachalinocetus
  • Waipatia

=Superfamily Ziphioidea=

==Family Ziphiidae==

(Miocene to Recent)

=Clade Delphinida=

==Family ''incertae sedis''==

==Superfamily Delphinoidea==

===Family Albireonidae===

(Miocene to Pliocene)

===Family Delphinidae===

File:Delfino etrusco.JPG

(Oligocene to Recent)

===Family Kentriodontidae===

(Oligocene to Pliocene)

File:Kentriodon BW.jpg reconstruction]]

===Family Monodontidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

===Family Odobenocetopsidae===

(Late Miocene to Early Pliocene)

File:Odobenocetops BW.jpg reconstruction]]

===Family Phocoenidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

==Superfamily Inioidea==

===Family Iniidae===

(Miocene to Recent)

===Family Pontoporiidae===

(Middle Miocene to Recent)

  • Atocetus
  • Auroracetus
  • Brachydelphis
  • Pliopontos
  • Pontistes
  • Protophocaena
  • Samaydelphis{{cite journal |author1=Olivier Lambert |author2=Alberto Collareta |author3=Aldo Benites-Palomino |author4=Claudio Di Celma |author5=Christian de Muizon |author6=Mario Urbina |author7=Giovanni Bianucci |year=2020 |title=A new small, mesorostrine inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from four upper Miocene localities in the Pisco Basin, Peru |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=1043–1064 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1332 |hdl=11581/438244 |s2cid=225495166 |hdl-access=free }}
  • Scaldiporia
  • Stenasodelphis

==Superfamily Lipotoidea==

===Family Lipotidae===

(Late Miocene to Recent)

==Superfamily ''incertae sedis''==

===Family ''incertae sedis''===

See also

{{Portal|Cetaceans}}

References

{{reflist}}

{{Mammal lists}}

*

Extinct

Cetaceans, extinct

Cetaceans

Cetaceans, extinct