list of grammatical cases

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish{{cite web|last1=Mäkinen|first1=Panu|title=Finnish Grammar - Exterior local cases|url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatulkoen.html|website=users.jyu.fi|publisher=University of Jyväskylä|accessdate=6 March 2015}} {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Lezgian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Livonian {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Kven

| Dravidian languagesS. Agesthialingom, Prakya Sreesaila Subrahmanyam, Dravidian Linguistics- V: (proceedings of the Seminar on Dravidian Linguistics- V), Page 275, 1976 - 582 pages, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7fEOAAAAMAAJ&q=antessive Google book search link] quote: "(6) 'before' (antessive), (7) 'behind, ..."

| Tsez

| Basque {{pipe}} Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Finnish{{cite web|last1=Mäkinen|first1=Panu|title=Finnish Grammar - Interior Local Cases|url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatsisaen.html|website=users.jyu.fi|publisher=University of Jyväskylä|accessdate=6 March 2015}} {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Ossetic {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Kven

| Limbu {{pipe}} Quechua

| Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Azeri {{pipe}} Bengali {{pipe}} Belarusian {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Chuvash {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Gujarati {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Latin (restricted) {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Quechua {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Slovak {{pipe}} Slovene {{pipe}} Sorbian {{pipe}} Tamil {{pipe}} Telugu {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Uzbek
(Note: the case in Slavic languages termed the "locative case" in English is actually a prepositional case.)

| Kamu

| Tlingit {{pipe}} Archi

| Lezgian {{pipe}} Agul

| Tsez

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Ossetic {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Finnish{{cite web|last1=Mäkinen|first1=Panu|title=Finnish grammar - adverbial cases|url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatadverbien.html|website=users.jyu.fi|publisher=University of Jyväskylä|accessdate=5 March 2015}}

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Albanian {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Azeri {{pipe}} Chuvash {{pipe}} Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Evenki {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Ossetic {{pipe}} Quechua {{pipe}} Tamil{{cite web |url=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/public/h_sch_9a.pdf |title=The Tamil Case System |first=Harold F. |last=Schiffman |access-date=26 March 2024}} {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Tibetan {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Uzbek {{pipe}} Yukaghir

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Finnish

| Udmurt

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Evenki {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Kven

| Manchu

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Tamil {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Tuvan {{pipe}} Uzbek {{pipe}} Kven

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Tamil {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Kven

| Erzya {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Quechua {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Turkish

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Finnish

| Northeast Caucasian languages: Bezhta {{pipe}} Hinuq {{pipe}} Tsez

| Chuvash {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Quechua

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Evenki {{pipe}} Tocharian A & B {{pipe}} Warlpiri {{pipe}} Yankunytjatjara

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian (rare) {{pipe}} Finnish (rare) {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Greenlandic {{pipe}} Inuktitut

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

|Latin {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Kven

| Latin {{pipe}} German {{pipe}} Esperanto | Serbian {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Russian | Turkish

| Finnish {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Kven

| Japanese

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Finnish (rare)

|surface

|adjacency

|state

|Elative

|Delative

|Ablative

|Exessive

|Inessive

|Superessive

|Adessive

|Essive

|Illative

|Sublative

|Allative

|Translative

|Perlative

|Prolative

|

|

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Basque {{pipe}} Tibetan

| active-stative languages

| Inuktitut

| Akkadian {{pipe}} Albanian {{pipe}} Arabic {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Azeri {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Erzya {{pipe}} Esperanto {{pipe}} Faroese {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} German {{pipe}} Greek {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Icelandic {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Romanian {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Slovak {{pipe}} Slovene {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} Yiddish

| Inuktitut {{pipe}} Persian {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Serbo-Croatian

| Japanese,{{cite book|last=Takahashi|first=Tarou|title=A Japanese Grammar|year=2010|publisher=Hitsuji Shobou|location=Japan|isbn=978-4-89476-244-2|page=27|display-authors=etal|language=Japanese|edition=4}} Mongsen Ao{{Citation |last=Coupe |first=A. R. |title=A Grammar of Mongsen Ao |date=2008-08-27 |work=A Grammar of Mongsen Ao |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110198522/html |access-date=2024-11-20 |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110198522 |isbn=978-3-11-019852-2}}

|direct subject or object of a transitive or intransitive verb

|I saw her; I gave her the book.

|Scottish Gaelic{{Cite web |title=Case (definition) - Scottish Gaelic Grammar Wiki |url=https://gaelicgrammar.org/~gaelic/mediawiki/index.php/Case_(definition) |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=gaelicgrammar.org}} {{pipe}} many languages with Austronesian Alignment.

| Basque {{pipe}} Chechen {{pipe}} Dyirbal {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Samoan {{pipe}} Tibetan {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Tsez

| Classic Maya {{pipe}} Inuktitut

| Estonian (rare) {{pipe}} Finnish{{cite web|last1=Mäkinen|first1=Panu|title=Finnish Grammar - Means Cases|url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijattapaen.html|website=users.jyu.fi|publisher=University of Jyväskylä|accessdate=6 March 2015}}

| Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Belarusian {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Evenki {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Slovak {{pipe}} Slovene {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Yukaghir

| Chuvash {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Tlingit

| nominative–accusative languages (including marked nominative languages)

| active languages

| Bengali {{pipe}} Chuvash

| English {{pipe}} Swedish {{pipe}} Danish {{pipe}} Norwegian {{pipe}} Bulgarian

| Anglo-Norman{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}} {{pipe}} Hindi {{pipe}} Old French {{pipe}} Old Provençal {{pipe}} Telugu {{pipe}} Tibetan

| languages of the Caucasus {{pipe}} Ainu

| Azoyú Tlapanec

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Albanian {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Finnish

| Warlpiri {{pipe}} Yidiny

| Basque {{pipe}} Quechua {{pipe}} Telugu

| Ngiyambaa

| Quechua {{pipe}} Telugu

| Chuvash {{pipe}} Hungarian

| Dumi {{pipe}} Ingush {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish (rare) {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Kven {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Ossetic (only in Iron) {{pipe}} Tibetan

| Albanian {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Azeri {{pipe}} Belarusian {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Erzya {{pipe}} Faroese {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} German {{pipe}} Ancient Greek {{pipe}} Hindi {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Icelandic {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Ossetic {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Romanian {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Scottish Gaelic{{ref|gd-dat|†}} {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Slovak {{pipe}} Slovene {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Yiddish

{{note|gd-dat|†}} The case classically referred to as dative in Scottish Gaelic has shifted to, and is sometimes called, a prepositional case.

| Chuvash {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Finnish

| Hungarian; Finnish

| Akkadian {{pipe}} Albanian {{pipe}} Arabic {{pipe}} Armenian (Eastern) {{pipe}} Armenian (Western) {{pipe}} Azeri {{pipe}} Bengali {{pipe}} Belarusian {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Chuvash {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Danish {{pipe}} Dutch {{pipe}} English {{pipe}} Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Faroese {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} German {{pipe}} Greek {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Icelandic {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Irish {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Norwegian {{pipe}} PersianBehrang QasemiZadeh, Saeed Rahimi, [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F11816508_54 Persian in MULTEXT-East Framework], 5th International Conference on NLP, FinTAL 2006 Turku, Finland, August 23–25, 2006 Proceedings {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Romanian {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Scottish Gaelic {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Slovak {{pipe}} Slovene {{pipe}} Swedish {{pipe}} Tibetan {{pipe}} Tsez {{pipe}} Turkish {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Kven

| Dumi; Hungarian

| Tlingit | Turkish{{Ref|psee|†}}

{{Note|psee|†}}A sentence with possessed case noun always has to include a possessive case noun.

| English {{pipe}} Turkish

| Chuvash {{pipe}} Kamu {{pipe}} Martuthunira {{pipe}} Wagiman

| Wagiman

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Ossetic

| Archi

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish{{cite web|last1=Mäkinen|first1=Panu|title=Finnish Grammar - General Local Cases|url=http://users.jyu.fi/~pamakine/kieli/suomi/sijat/sijatyleisen.html|website=users.jyu.fi|publisher=University of Jyväskylä|accessdate=6 March 2015}} {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Kven

| Belarusian{{ref|slav-prep|†}} {{pipe}} Czech{{ref|slav-prep|†}} {{pipe}} Polish{{ref|slav-prep|†}} {{pipe}} Russian {{pipe}} Scottish Gaelic{{ref|gd-prep|‡}} {{pipe}} Slovak{{ref|slav-prep|†}} {{pipe}} Ukrainian{{ref|slav-prep|†}}

{{note|slav-prep|†}} This case is called lokál in Czech and Slovak, miejscownik in Polish, місцевий (miscevý) in Ukrainian and месны (miesny) in Belarusian; these names imply that this case also covers locative case.
{{note|gd-prep|‡}} The prepositional case in Scottish Gaelic is classically referred to as a dative case.

| Albanian (rare) {{pipe}} Belarusian (rare) {{pipe}} Bulgarian {{pipe}} Bosnian {{pipe}} Croatian {{pipe}} Czech {{pipe}} Georgian {{pipe}} Greek {{pipe}} Hindi {{pipe}} Irish {{pipe}} Japanese (literary or poetic) {{pipe}} Scottish Gaelic {{pipe}} Manx {{pipe}} Itelmen {{pipe}} Kashmiri {{pipe}} Ket {{pipe}} Latin {{pipe}} Latvian {{pipe}} Lithuanian {{pipe}} Macedonian {{pipe}} Nivkh {{pipe}} Polish {{pipe}} Romanian {{pipe}} Russian (rare) {{pipe}} Sanskrit {{pipe}} Scottish Gaelic {{pipe}} Serbian {{pipe}} Slovak (rare) {{pipe}} Telugu {{pipe}} Ukrainian {{pipe}} Nahuatl

! Case !! Usage !! Example !! Found in

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Quechua {{pipe}} Kven

| Georgian {{pipe}} Udmurt {{pipe}} Finnic languages {{pipe}} Abkhaz

| Dumi {{pipe}} Mari {{pipe}} Nivkh

| Greenlandic {{pipe}} Ossetic {{pipe}} Sumerian {{pipe}} Tlingit {{pipe}} Tsez

| Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Inari Sámi {{pipe}} Inuktitut {{pipe}} Middle Egyptian {{pipe}} Northern Sámi {{pipe}} Skolt Sámi {{pipe}} Tsez

| Hungarian {{pipe}} Manchu

| Hungarian

| Estonian (rare) {{pipe}} Finnish (dialectal)

| Hungarian

| Manchu

| Chukchi {{pipe}} Manchu

| Manchu

| Erzya {{pipe}} Estonian {{pipe}} Finnish {{pipe}} Hungarian {{pipe}} Japanese {{pipe}} Khanty {{pipe}} Manchu {{pipe}} Kven