oliebol

{{Infobox food

| name = Oliebol

| image = Oliebollen.jpg

| image_size =

| caption =

| alternate_name =

| country = Netherlands

| region =

| creator =

| course =

| type = Fried dough

| served =

| main_ingredient = Flour, eggs, yeast, some salt, milk, baking powder; usually sultanas, currants, raisins; zest or succade

| variations = Appelbeignet

| calories =

| other =

}}

An {{lang|nl|italic=no|oliebol}} ({{IPA|nl|ˈoːlibɔl|-|nl-oliebol.ogg}}; plural {{lang|nl|oliebollen}}; {{langx|fy|oaljebol}} or {{lang|fy|oaljekoek}}; see more below) is a Dutch beignet, a variety of doughnut or fried dough that is traditionally eaten on New Year's Eve. People often eat it with raisins baked inside and with powdered sugar on top. Another variation is made with apple inside instead of raisins. There are similar foods all around the world, for example Samoan Panikeke, eaten mostly with jam or butter on top.

Name

They are called {{lang|nl|italic=no|oliebollen}} (literally 'oil balls') or {{lang|nl|italic=no|smoutballen}} (literally 'lard balls') in the Netherlands, {{lang|nl|italic=no|smoutebollen}} (literally: 'lard spheres') in Flanders and {{lang|wa|italic=no|croustillons}} (loosely 'crispies') in Wallonia, {{lang|de|italic=no|Schmalzkugeln}} (same meaning as in Belgian Dutch {{lang|de|italic=no|smoutebollen}}) in Eastern Belgium German. In France, with {{lang|it|italic=no|croustillons}} they are also commonly called {{lang|fr|italic=no|beignets rapides}} (literally 'fast beignets') and croustillons hollandais (loosely 'Dutch crispies'). In out-of-Belgium German, they are called {{lang|de|italic=no|Ölkugel}} (same meaning as in Dutch {{lang|nl|oliebollen}}), {{lang|de|italic=no|Püpperchen}} (informal for 'puppets' or 'babies') and {{lang|it|italic=no|Pupperle}} (same meaning, especially used in Alsace for these ones), {{lang|de|italic=no|Silvesterfutschen}} (loosely 'messed up Saint Sylvesters') in Northern Germany, and {{lang|de|italic=no|Gebackene Mäuse}} (loosely 'fried mice' or 'baked mice') in Austrian German. In English they are more commonly known as Dutch doughnuts or dutchies. In Italy, they are called many different things depending on the region: bombolini fritti, ficattole, bignoli, frittoli/fritole/fritule, sgabei, bignet, panzanelle, coccoli, zonzelle, donzelle, etc.{{Cite web|url=https://blog.giallozafferano.it/apparecchiatelatavola/donzelle/|title=DONZELLE TOSCANE ricetta pasta fritta salata - Caldissime sono squisite!}} In the region of Istria, which is shared by the countries of Italy, Croatia and Slovenia, a variation of this dish is called {{lang|it|italic=no|fritole}}, {{lang|it|italic=no|fritule}} and {{lang|it|italic=no|blinci}}. In Serbia they are called {{lang|sr|italic=no|krofne}}. In Portugal they are called {{lang|sr|italic=no|sonhos}} ('dreams'). In Indonesia, they are known locally as {{Transliteration|id|italic=no|roti goreng}}.{{Cite web|url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/recipe/kartika-nindita/9-resep-kue-zaman-penjajahan-belanda-1|title=9 Warisan Resep Kue Zaman Penjajahan Belanda, Coba Bikin Yuk!|first1=I. D. N.|last1=Times|first2=Kartika|last2=Nindita|website=IDN Times}} Also, in Ghana, West Africa, they are known locally as {{Transliteration|tw|italic=no|bofrot}} or {{Transliteration|tw|italic=no|bofflot}}, and in the south of Benin, in the Fon language as {{Transliteration|fon|italic=no|yovodocon}}, i.e. 'white man's dumplings'. In Nigeria, they are known as 'puff puff'. In Iceland they're known as {{lang|is|italic=no|ástarpungar}} ('love balls'). In Zambia they're known as {{lang|is|italic=no|Chitumbuwa}} ('fritters').

Description

Oliebollen are a variety of dumpling made by using an ice cream scoop or two spoons to scoop a certain amount of dough and dropping the dough into a deep fryer filled with hot oil (or once with hot lard, thus some traditional local names). In this way, a sphere-shaped oliebol emerges. Oliebollen are traditionally eaten on New Year's Eve{{cite book|last=Sijs|first=Nicoline van der|title=Cookies, Coleslaw, and Stoops: The Influence of Dutch on the North American Languages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIsDdUSYJMIC&pg=PA135|year=2009|publisher=Amsterdam UP|isbn=978-90-8964-124-3|page=135}} and at funfairs. In wintertime, they are also sold in the street at mobile stalls.

The dough is made from flour, eggs, yeast, salt, milk, baking powder and usually sultanas, currants, raisins and sometimes zest or succade (candied fruit). A notable variety is the appelbeignet which contains only a slice of apple, but different from oliebollen, the dough should not rise for at least an hour. Oliebollen are usually served with powdered sugar.

In Flanders the "oliebol" is also called "smoutebol" because it is often cooked in animal fat (especially lard) rather than vegetable oil. Another difference between the Dutch oliebol and the Flemish smoutebol is that the smoutebol is usually not filled in contrast to the Dutch oliebol.

The filling of the oliebol could consist of raisins, currants and apple, other ingredients can be added, such as succade, pieces of orange or whipped cream.

File:Freshly fried oliebollen.jpg

Origin

File:Party For New Year's Day In New Amsterdam 1636 by George Henry Boughton.jpg, 1636. The boy in the center has two oliebollen]]

The origins of oliebollen are not entirely clear. They are said by some to have been first eaten by Germanic tribes in the Netherlands during the Yule, the period between December 21 and January 2 where such baked goods were used.{{Cite web|last=Bikker-Otten|first=Geertje|date=1998-12-19|title=Digibron.nl, De duistere oorsprong van de oliebol|url=https://www.digibron.nl/viewer/collectie/Digibron/id/f35af0e2fe2e69470b658df80bc137a7|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Digibron.nl|language=nl}} It has also been speculated that they were introduced to the Netherlands in the 15th century by Portuguese Sephardi Jewish immigrants; the food being related to the Jewish sufganiyah traditionally eaten on Hanukkah.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/2016/12/14/lifestyle/how-hanukkah-sufganiyot-became-a-national-treat-in-the-netherlands|title=How Hanukkah sufganiyot became a national treat in the Netherlands|date=2016-12-14|website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-19}} The earliest discovered recipe of oliekoecken ("oil cookies", the direct precursor of the oliebol) came from the 1667 Dutch book De verstandige kock "The sensible cook".{{Cite web|url=https://home.hccnet.nl/h.werk/Oliebollen.htm|title=Oliebollen|website=home.hccnet.nl}}

Variations

=From oliekoek to oliebol=

File:Meid met oliebollen, door Aelbert Cuyp.jpg, ca. 1652)]]

For centuries the Dutch ate oliekoek ("oil cookie"), an old name for oliebol ("oil ball"). The Oliebollen in this painting from around 1652 are very similar to today's oliebol. At that time, they were baked in lard or rapeseed oil. During the nineteenth century the word "oliebol" started to be used more. The 1868 edition of the Van Dale dictionary included word "oliebol", whereas the rival "Woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal" didn't include it until 1896, stating that "oliekoek" is a more commonly used term, but a major shift in usage occurred: from the early twentieth century the word "oliebol" became the popular word, while "oliekoek" was no longer in use.{{cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/word-of-the-day|title=Word of the Day - plasticity - Dictionary.com|access-date=6 April 2019}}

=Croustillons=

A very similar type of oliebol can also be found in the Walloon part of Belgium, Brussels and northern France. Croustillons are deep fried dough balls served hot and liberally sprinkled with powdered sugar. They are usually served in a paper cone with a little plastic fork to eat them with. They are typically found at fairgrounds in Belgium and in Lille, France.

Oliebollentest contest

From 1993 to 2017 Dutch newspaper Algemeen Dagblad held an annual highly publicized oliebollentest at the end of each year. In 2012, the bakery of Willy Olink from Maarssen won the test.{{cite news | url=http://nos.nl/artikel/325647-visser-opnieuw-winnaar-oliebollentest.html | title=Visser opnieuw winnaar oliebollentest | work=NOS | date=December 27, 2011 | access-date=December 31, 2011|language=nl}} In 2013 Richard Visser won the test for the ninth time in twenty years which is currently the record for the highest number of wins by one person.{{cite news|url=http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/12107/tests/integration/nmc/frameset/varia/test_oliebollen_2013.dhtml|title=AD Oliebollentest 2013|year=2013|work=Algemeen Dagblad|access-date=31 December 2013}} The test stopped in 2018 after it appeared that the jury and the writers of the reviews were not the same people and the articles in the newspaper didn't reflect the reality and were exaggerated. {{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Fans of the treat continued reviewing oliebollen from all over the country by themselves, compiling their ratings on a website.{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.oliebollentestonline.nl/|access-date=2022-02-01|website=oliebollentestonline|language=nl}}