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province of Cádiz

{{Short description|Province of Spain}}

{{Redirect|Cadiz region|the wine region|Cádiz (Vino de la Tierra)|other uses|Cadiz (disambiguation)}}

{{More footnotes|date=January 2013}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}

{{Use Canadian English|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Province of Cádiz

| native_name = {{native name|es|Provincia de Cádiz}}

| type = Province

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| image_flag = Flag_Cádiz_Province.svg

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| image_shield = Coat of Arms of Cádiz Province.svg

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| image_map = Cadiz in Spain.svg

| map_alt =

| map_caption = Map of Spain with Cádiz highlighted

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| coordinates = {{Coord|36|30|N|5|45|W|region:ES-CA_type:adm2nd_source:GNS-enwiki|display=ti}}

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| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = Spain

| subdivision_type1 = Autonomous community

| subdivision_name1 = Andalusia

| established_title =

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| seat_type = Capital

| seat = Cádiz

| government_type =

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| leader_party =

| leader_title = President

| leader_name = Almudena Martínez del Junco (PP)

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 7385

| area_rank = Ranked 34th

| area_note = 1.47% of Spain

| elevation_footnotes =

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| blank_name_sec1 = Official language(s)

| blank_info_sec1 = Spanish

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 1240175

| population_as_of = 1 January 2014

| population_rank = Ranked 8th

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_demonym = {{langx|es|Gaditano/a}}

| population_note = 2.68% of Spain

| blank_name_sec2 = Parliament

| blank_info_sec2 = {{Lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}

| blank1_name_sec2 = Congress seats

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| blank2_name_sec2 = Senate seats

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| iso_code = ES-CA

| website = [http://www.dipucadiz.es/ www.dipucadiz.es]

| footnotes =

}}

Cádiz is a province of southern Spain, in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is the southernmost part of mainland Spain, as well as the southernmost part of continental Europe.

It is bordered by the Spanish provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Málaga, as well as the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Its area is {{convert|7,385|sqkm}}.

Its capital is the city of Cádiz, which has a population of 114,244. As of 2021, the largest city is Jerez de la Frontera with 212,801 inhabitants. Algeciras, which surpassed Cádiz with 122,982 inhabitants, is the second most populated city. The entire province had a population of 1,245,960 (as of 2021), of whom about 600,000 live in the Bay of Cádiz area (including Jerez), making it the third most populous province in Andalusia. Its population density is 167.93 per square kilometre.

Political and traditional subdivisions (comarcas)

Image:Comarcas de Cádiz.png

The province encompasses 44 municipalities; besides its capital, other important cities are Jerez and Algeciras. (See the list of municipalities in Cádiz.) According to a roster developed by the Council of Tourism and Sport of Andalusia on 27 March 2003, there are officially six traditional or touristic comarcas (provincial areas or counties) in the Province of Cádiz:

=Bay of Cádiz (Bahía de Cádiz)=

This area comprises towns and cities on the shores of the Bay of Cádiz on the west-central coast of the province:

Image:San Fernando - Panteón de Marinos Ilustres.JPG|Panteón de Marinos Ilustres

Image:Plaza de Toros de El Puerto de Santa María 1.JPG|The bullring at El Puerto

Image:cadizcathedral.jpg|The cathedral at Cádiz

Image:Islote de Sancti Petri desde la playa de Chiclana.jpg|Sancti Petri beach

=Campiña de Jerez (Countryside of Jerez)=

This fertile area only includes two municipalities, both large in area:

Image:Alcázar Jerez.JPG|Octagonal tower in the Alcázar of Jerez de la Frontera

Image:Lustau 003An2019.jpg|A sherry solera

Image:Catedral de Jerez de la Frontera.jpg|Cathedral of Jerez de la Frontera

Image:ACaballoFeriaJerez2007.jpg|Horse Riding at Fair of Jerez de la Frontera

=Campo de Gibraltar (Countryside of Gibraltar)=

The towns that extend into the rural hinterlands north of Gibraltar are:

Image:View_of_La_Línea_de_la_Concepción,_from_the_Rock_of_Gibraltar.jpg|View of La Línea from the Rock of Gibraltar

Image:Plazaaltaalgeciras2.jpg|High plaza at Algeciras

Image:Capilla_de_Europa_en_Algeciras_(España).jpg|Chapel of Our Lady of Europe

Image:Hozgarganta.jpg|Hozgarganta river

=Bajo Guadalquivir (Northwest Coast; also called Costa Noroeste)=

The towns of this area called the "Bajo Guadalquivir" (lower Guadalquivir valley), are:

Image:Sanlucar barrameda castillo santiago2.jpg|The castle of Santiago in Sanlúcar de Barrameda

Image:Sanlucar barrameda salinas.jpg|Salt mine at Sanlúcar

Image:sanlucar_barrameda_las_covachas_vista_gral.jpg|Las Covachas

Image:Sanlucar_barrameda_carcel_consevatorio.jpg|La Cárcel (now a conservatory)

=La Janda=

Towns included in La Janda, an area in the southwestern part of the province, are:

Image:Medina-Sidonia Marktplatz.jpg|Casa Consistorial, Medina Sidonia

Image:Pinien La Brena2004.jpg|La Breña

Image:Vejer gen view.jpg|Vejer de la Frontera

Image:PNBarbate2.jpg|Beaches

=Sierra de Cádiz (Cádiz Mountains)=

Towns included in the Cádiz Mountains area, in the northeastern part of the province, include:

Image:Setenil_vista_%286%29.JPG|Setenil

Image:Alcazaba and Town (1).jpg|Zahara de la Sierra

Image:Vulture beak sideview A.jpg|Griffon vultures are common in Alcalá del Valle

Image:GrazalemaDesdeEndrinal.jpg|Grazalema from Endrinal mountains

Population

The historical population is given in the following chart:

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DateFormat = x.y

Period = from:0 till:1400

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ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:50 start:0

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PlotData=

color:skyblue width:20 shift:(-60,-5) fontsize:M anchor:till

bar:1877 from:0 till: 405 text: 405,388

bar:1887 from:0 till: 410 text: 410,426

bar:1900 from:0 till: 437 text: 436,994

bar:1910 from:0 till: 447 text: 447,056

bar:1920 from:0 till: 514 text: 514,257

bar:1930 from:0 till: 512 text: 511,591

bar:1940 from:0 till: 590 text: 590,211

bar:1950 from:0 till: 693 text: 693,267

bar:1960 from:0 till: 813 text: 812,680

bar:1970 from:0 till: 879 text: 878,602

bar:1980 from:0 till: 988 text: 988,388

bar:1990 from:0 till:1078 text:1,078,404

bar:2000 from:0 till:1116 text:1,116,491

bar:2010 from:0 till:1245 text:1,244,732

bar:2020 from:0 till:1244 text:1,244,049

TextData=

pos:(35,20) fontsize:M

text:"Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE"

Climate

The entire province of Cádiz has a Mediterranean climate, mostly Köppen Csa but also Csb in high altitude areas. Large differences in summer temperatures exist between the three official stations in Cádiz, Jerez, and Tarifa depending on position relative to the coastline. Tarifa is exceptionally mild for such a southerly place in Spain, meanwhile winter temperatures are mild throughout the province with less difference between localities than in summer. Average yearly rainfall is {{convert|521|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Cádiz, {{convert|573|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Jerez, and {{convert|603|mm|in|abbr=on}} in Tarifa.{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=and|title=Standard Climate Values for Andalucía|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=13 March 2015}} This is comparable to much cloudier climates further north in Europe, in spite of the high number of sunshine hours in the province. The Cádiz region is also much wetter than the arid Almería province further east in Andalusia.

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:60%; font-size:95%;"

|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for cities in Province of Cádiz{{cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=and|title=Standard Climate Values, Andalucía|publisher=Aemet.es|access-date=2 March 2015}}

Location

!January

!April

!July

!October

Cádiz{{convert|16.0|C|1}}/ {{convert|9.4|C|1}}{{convert|19.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.7|C|1}}{{convert|27.9|C|1}}/ {{convert|22.0|C|1}}{{convert|23.4|C|1}}/ {{convert|17.3|C|1}}
Jerez{{convert|16.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|5.2|C|1}}{{convert|22.2|C|1}}/ {{convert|9.8|C|1}}{{convert|33.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|18.7|C|1}}{{convert|25.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.7|C|1}}
Tarifa{{convert|15.1|C|1}}/ {{convert|10.9|C|1}}{{convert|17.3|C|1}}/ {{convert|13.0|C|1}}{{convert|24.5|C|1}}/ {{convert|20.0|C|1}}{{convert|20.6|C|1}}/ {{convert|16.7|C|1}}

Economy

{{Wikisource1911Enc|Cadiz (province)}}

In 2014 the unemployment rate was 42%, the highest in the country.{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Grace|title=Cadiz: A Profile of the Province With the Highest Unemployment in Spain|url=http://econintersect.com/b2evolution/blog1.php/2014/08/20/cadiz-a-profile-of-the-province-with-the-highest-unemployment-in-spain|access-date=21 July 2017|work=Econintersect News Blog|date=20 August 2014}}

The main industry is tourism, mainly from non-coastal Spanish cities, Germany and the UK. Its once-important shipbuilding industry (Astilleros) is now in crisis due to competition from South Korea and China. There are factories of Airbus and Delphi. It also exports sherry as well as alimentary products.

=Primary sector=

=Major industrial facilities=

class="wikitable" width="400px"
bgcolor=silver

! {{center|Sector}}

! {{center|Main activities}}

! width="40px" | {{center|% GDP}}

align="center" | 1°

| Agriculture, Animal husbandry and fishing.

| align="right" | 4%

align="center" | 2°

| Industry (energy, industry and construction)

| align="right" | 28%

align="center" | 3°

| Services (tourism, hostelery and public administration)

| align="right" | 67%

Tourism

=Beaches=

The province of Cádiz has many kilometres of beaches and (as of 2005) the highest number of [http://www.blueflag.org/ Blue Flags] of all coastal provinces in Europe.

Image:Baelo Claudia.jpg

Some of these beaches are relatively wild and far from big urban areas. One of the attractions of the area is its contrast to the mass tourism on the Mediterranean coast. There are extensive nature reserves in the region and the unspoilt feel of the area is heightened by the presence of wild animals including cows and horses on many stretches of beach.

The Costa de la Luz has traditionally been a popular destination for Spaniards wanting to enjoy the beach while avoiding the stifling heat of the Mediterranean Coast, although until recently this largely unspoilt Atlantic coastline was little known to foreign visitors. One of the factors that brought the region to the attention of foreign holidaymakers was the growing realisation that its Southern reaches are one of the world's best locations for wind sports.

Tarifa, located on the Strait of Gibraltar at the southernmost point of mainland Europe, has become Europe's foremost kitesurfing destination due to the area's [http://www.graykite.surf/2016/02/24/tarifa-wind/ unique wind phenomena], reliably sunny summer weather and the variety of beaches at locations such as Los Canos de Meca, Bolonia, Punta Paloma and, most famously, Playa de Los Lances where in the summer months you will often see over 1,000 kites in the air. The local economy has benefited significantly from the wind sport explosion: there are more than 50 kite schools in Tarifa and hundreds of shops, bars and hotels serving the many thousands of kitesurfers who visit every year.

File:Playa-de-los-Lances-Graykite-Tarifa.jpg

Notable beaches:

=Culture=

=Nature=

==Doñana National Park==

Doñana National Park is one of two national parks in the autonomous community of Andalusia. A small area of the park extends into Cádiz Province, just north of Sanlucar de Barrameda and on the south bank of the Rio Guadalquivir. This area is primarily marismas. The public have access to a recreational area and a short walking trail. There is no direct access to the bulk of the park that lies on the north bank of the river in the provinces of Seville and Huelva.

==Natural parks==

{{further|Natural park (Spain)}}

===[[Bahía de Cádiz Natural Park]]===

Image:Caño de Sancti Petri - San Fernando.jpg from Chiclana and San Fernando at the end]]

:100 km2, located at the mouth of the Guadalete river, consists of marshland, beaches, reed and sand dunes.

:Bird watching. Sailing, windsurfing, hiking.

:(Ocean) Pine. Many types of shrubs and bushes.

:Gannet solan goose, stork, cormorant, great crested grebe, (sea)gull, flamingo, tern, sea eagle, avocet.

===[[La Breña y Marismas del Barbate Natural Park]]===

Image:PNBarbate2.jpg

:37.97 km2, high cliff rock formations covered by pine trees.

:Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions, diving, windsurfing, sailing, hiking.

:Strandpine, black juniper tree, black spruce, juniper, small palm tree, rosemary.

:Herring gull, chaffinch, greenfinch, cattle egret, little egret, crested tit, woodpecker, kestrel, peregrine falcon.

===[[La Doñana Natural Park]]===

Image:Linces19.jpg]]

:This natural park is shared by three provinces, Cádiz, Huelva and Seville. It is an area to the east and northeast of the national park.

:Home of the Iberian lynx, a protected species.

===[[Los Alcornocales Natural Park]]===

Image:NoroestePicacho.jpg

:Information center in Alcalá de los Gazules; visitors centers in Algeciras and Cortes de la Frontera (Málaga).

:1,700.25 km2 in area.

:Low mountain range, densely covered by cork oak trees ("Alcornoques").

:Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions, hiking, mountainbiking, speleology.

:Cork oak, olive tree, gall oak, pink rock rose, small palm tree, alder, rhododendron, holly, bracken (fern), cherry tree, laurel.

:Sparrow hawk, short-toed snake eagle, booted eagle, goshawk, eagle owl, tawny owl, culture, kestrel, peregrine falcon, wild boar, deer, weasel, (sea)otter, wildcat, mongoose.

===[[Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park]]===

Image:GrazalemaDesdeEndrinal.jpg from Endrinal mountains]]

:Administration in El Bosque; visitors' center in El Bosque.

:516.95 km2 in area.

:Limestone formation, transformed to ravines, declines and caves. Large colonies of Spanish fir ("pinsapo").

:Bird watching, archeological and botanical excursions.

:Hiking, climbing, mountainbiking, speleology, paragliding.

:Spanish fir, cork oak, holm oak, gall oak, carob, oleaster.

:Imperial eagle, golden eagle, fish hawk, vulture, Egyptian vulture, mountain goat, deer, mongoose, (sea)otter, fox.

===[[Straits of Gibraltar Natural Park]]===

Image:DelfinEstrecho.jpg in the strait]]

:Is the most meridional national park of Europe.

:Its location at the southernmost point of mainland Spain, and of mainland Europe, at the point where the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea meet in the Strait of Gibraltar, places it on the migratory route for many birds.

==Natural reserves==

::There are eight natural reserves in the province: Complejo Endorreico de Chiclana, Complejo Endorreico de Espera, Complejo Endorreico de Puerto Real, Complejo Endorreico del Puerto de Santa María, Laguna de Medina, Lagunas de las Canteras y el Tejón, Laguna de la Paja, and Peñón de Zaframagón (which straddles the border with the province of Seville.)

==Natural sites==

::There are seven natural sites in the province: Cola del Embalse de Arcos, Cola del Embalse de Bornos, Estuario del Río Guadiaro, Isla del Trocadero, Marismas de Sancti Petri, Marismas del Río Palmones, and Playa de Los Lances.

Parques Periurbanos: Pinares y Dunas de San Antón La Suara La Barrosa

==Natural monuments==

::There are five natural monuments in the province: Corrales de Rota, Duna de Bolonia, Punta del Boquerón, Tómbolo de Trafalgar, and Escarpes del Río Trejo en Setenil.

Transportation

=Roads=

=Airports=

=Railroads=

=Ports=

The main ways to enter the province are by road from Seville or Malaga and by the Jerez Airport.

Notable sports teams

=Football=

=Rugby Union=

Notes and references

{{Reflist|2}}

See also

External links

  • [http://www.turismograzalema.info Grazalema Natural Park tourist information in Spanish, English, French and German]
  • [http://www.dipucadiz.es/ Excma. Diputación Provincial de Cádiz]
  • [http://www.cadizturismo.com/ Official Website of Tourism in the Province of Cádiz]
  • [http://www.canalsur.es/PROGRAMAS/rtva/direccion_imagen_comunicacion/libro_estilo/libro_estilo_cstv_c2and.pdf Libro de Estilo de Canal Sur (anexo 4, pg. 417, comarcas andaluzas)]. Listado comarcal definido por la Consejería de Turismo y Deporte de la Junta de Andalucía.
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7409 Bahía de Cádiz Natural Park]
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=14076 Del Estrecho Natural Park]
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7419 Doñana Natural Park]
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7408 La Breña y Marismas del Barbate Natural Park]
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7410 Los Alcornocales Natural Park]
  • {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7411 Grazalema Natural Park]
  • [http://www.bajoguadalquivir.org bajoguadalquivir.org]
  • [https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=36.500805,-5.787048&spn=1.052909,1.756027&t=k&hl=en Google Maps satellite view]
  • [http://www.yashan.net/gallery/andalucia/cadiz/ YasHan Gallery] More photos of Cádiz.

{{Andalusian provinces}}

{{Provinces of Spain}}

{{Portal bar|Spain}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cadiz, Province of}}

Category:Provinces of Andalusia