rail transport in Italy

{{See also|Narrow-gauge railways in Italy}}

File:Italy TAV.png

RFI (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, Italian Rail Network), a state owned infrastructure manager which administers most of the Italian rail infrastructure. The Italian railway system has a length of {{convert|19394|km|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|18071|km|abbr=on}} standard gauge. The active lines are {{convert|16723|km|abbr=on}}, of which {{convert|7505|km|abbr=on}} are double tracks. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km² per kilometre of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th-largest rail network.Compare List of countries by rail transport network size.

Lines are divided into 3 categories:

• fundamental lines (fondamentali), which have high traffic and good infrastructure quality, comprise all the main lines between major cities throughout the country. Fundamental lines are {{convert|6460|km|abbr=on}} long;
• complementary lines (complementari), which have less traffic and are responsible for connecting medium or small regional centres. Most of these lines are single track and some are not electrified;
• node lines (di nodo), which link complementary and fundamental lines near metropolitan areas for a total {{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}.

Most of the Italian network is electrified ({{convert|11921|km|abbr=on}}). The electric system is 3 kV DC on conventional lines and 25 kV AC on high-speed lines.{{cite web|title=Il sistema di elettrificazione a 25kV c.a.|url=http://www.rfi.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=781701f79697b110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|publisher=RFI Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|access-date=16 November 2011}}

A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by RFI (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, Italian Rail Network). Other regional agencies, mostly owned by public entities such as regional governments, operate on the Italian network.

Travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use rail passes, such as the European Interrail / Eurail passes or Italy's national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers the freedom to use regional trains during the validity period, but all high-speed and intercity trains require up to a 15-euro reservation fee.{{Cite web |title=Domestic train fees per country |url=https://www.eurail.com/en/book-reservations/reservation-fees/domestic-train-reservation-fees |access-date=2024-12-07 |website=Eurail |language=en-US}} Regional passes, such as "Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia", offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly periods of validity. There are also saver passes for adults, who travel as a group, with savings up to 20%. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance so that the passes can be delivered by post prior to the trip. When using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains.{{cite web|url=http://www.italiarail.com/rail-passes|title=Rail Passes - ItaliaRail - Italy Train Ticket and Rail Pass Experts|website=italiarail.com}}

File:Main branch map of the Ferrovie Nord Milano railway line.gif lines]]

File:Rete Ferrovie Emilia-Romagna.png's railroad network]]

Companies certified to run railways in Italy are:

;From 2000

• Ferrovie dello Stato S.p. A.
• Trenitalia S.p. A.

;From 2001

• Metronapoli S.p. A.
• Ferrovie Nord Milano Esercizio S.p. A.
• Rail Traction Company S.p. A.

;From 2002

• Del Fungo Giera Servizi Ferroviari S.p. A.
• Gruppo Torinese Trasporti S.p. A.(ex SATTI)
• SERFER Servizi Ferroviari S.r.l.
• Hupac S.p. A.

;From 2003

• Ferrovie Emilia Romagna S.r.l.
• La Ferroviaria Italiana S.p. A.
• Cargo Nord S.r.l.
• Ferrovie Adriatico Sangritana S.r.l.
• Sistemi Territoriali S.p. A.
• Strade Ferrate del Mediterraneo S.r.l.
• Swiss Rail Cargo Italy S.r.l.

;From 2004

• SBB Cargo Italia S.r.l.
• Ferrovie Nord Cargo S.r.l.
• Azienda Consorziale Trasporti di Reggio Emilia
• Ferrovia Alifana e Benevento Napoli S.r.l.
• Ferrovie Nord Milano Trasporti S.r.l.

;From 2005

• Trasporto Ferroviario Toscano S.p. A. (La Ferroviaria Italiana S.p. A.)
• Ferrovie Centrali Umbre S.r.l.
• Railion Italia S.r.l. (ex S.F.M.)
• Rail One S.p. A.
• Azienda Trasporti Collettivi e Mobilità S.p. A.
• A.T.C. Bologna S.p. A.
• Monferail S.r.l.

;From 2006

• SAD - Trasporto Locale S.p.A.
• Nord Cargo S.r.l. (ex Ferrovie Nord Cargo S.r.l.)
• Arenaways S.p.A.

{{Main|History of rail transport in Italy}}

{{multiple image

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| header = Rail network in Italy 1861-1870

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| caption1 = Network as of 17 March 1861

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| caption2 = Network as of 20 September 1870

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File:Sede Centrale FS.jpg in Rome]]

File:Etr500.JPG train running on the Florence–Rome high-speed line near Arezzo, the first high-speed railway opened in Europe{{Cite web |title=Special report: A European high-speed rail network |url=https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/ |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=op.europa.eu |language=en-GB}}]]

Image:FS-TI ALn 501 Vigodarzere-080105.jpg

The first line to be built on the peninsula was the Naples–Portici line, in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was {{convert|7.64|km|abbr=on}} long and was inaugurated on 3 October 1839, nine years after the world's first "modern" inter-city railway, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.{{Cite web|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/la-dolce-vita-italy-rail-1839-1914|title=La Dolce Vita? Italy By Rail, 1839-1914 {{!}} History Today|website=History Today|access-date=29 December 2019}} The following year the firm Holzhammer of Bolzano was granted the "Imperial-Royal privilege" to build the Milano–Monza line ({{convert|12|km|abbr=on}}), the second railway built in Italy, in the then Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, a part of the Austrian Empire.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fondazionefs.it/content/fondazionefs/it/focus-tematici/2021/3/17/le-ferrovie-nell-unita-d-italia---cronologia-storica-1839-1861.html|title=Le ferrovie nell'Unità d'Italia. Cronologia storica 1839-1861|website=Fondazione FS|access-date=3 October 2023}}

After the creation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861, a project was started to build a network from the Alps to Sicily, in order to connect the country. After unification, construction of new lines was boosted: in 1875, with the completion of the section Orte-Orvieto, the direct Florence–Rome line was completed, reducing the travel time of the former route passing through Foligno-Terontola.{{Cite web|url = https://www.trenidicarta.it/aperture.html|title= Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926|publisher= Ufficio Centrale di Statistica delle Ferrovie dello Stato|date = 1927|access-date = 11 May 2023}} Private companies were definitively bought back by the Italian state on 1 July 1905, with the creation of the Ferrovie dello Stato (State Railways), or FFSS, with a total of {{convert|10,557|km|abbr=on}} of lines, of which it already owned {{convert|9686|km|abbr=on}}. The move was completed the following year with the acquisition of the remaining SFM network: by then FFSS possessed {{convert|13,075|km|abbr=on}} of lines, of which {{Cvt|1917|km}} with double tracks.{{Cite book|author=Gian Guido Turchi |title=Strade Ferrate Meridionali: ultimo atto |year=2006 |publisher=Edizioni ETR|language=it|pages=13–14}}

The period from 1922 to 1939 was heavy with important construction and modernisation programmes for the Italian railways, which also incorporated {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the Ferrovie Reali Sarde of Sardinia. The most important programme was that of the Rome–Naples and Bologna–Florence direttissimas ("most direct lines"): the first reduced the travel time from the two cities by an hour and a half; the second, announced proudly as "constructing Fascism", included the second longest tunnel in the world at the time.Cesare Columba, Da Firenze a Bologna bucando l'Appennino in, VdR 1839-1939: i centocinquant'anni delle ferrovie italiane, pp. 26-28 Electrification on 3,000 V direct current was introduced, which later supplanted the existing three-phase system. Other improvements included automatic blocks, light signals, construction of numerous main stations (Milan Central, Napoli Mergellina, Roma Ostiense and others) and other technical modernisations. The first high-speed train was the Italian ETR 200, which in July 1939 went from Milan to Florence at {{convert|165|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, with a top speed of {{convert|203|km/h|abbr=on}}.Cornolo Giovanni. Una leggenda che corre: breve storia dell'elettrotreno e dei suoi primati; ETR.200 – ETR.220 – ETR 240. {{ISBN|88-85068-23-5}} With this service, the railway was able to compete with the upcoming aeroplanes. The Second World War stopped these services.

After World War II, Italy started to repair the damaged railways and built nearly {{convert|20000|km|abbr=on}} of new tracks. Entire lines were out of action and much of the rolling stock was destroyed. Thanks to the Marshall Plan, in the following years they could be rebuilt, although the possibility of reorganizing the network was missed due to short-sighted policies.{{Cite book|author1=Paolo Lavadas |author2=Mauro Luoni |title=1861-2011, 150°, L'unità d'Italia attraverso le ferrovie |year=2011 |publisher=Editoriale del Garda|page=21|language=it}} The main Battipaglia-Reggio Calabria line (running along the west coast) was doubled, while a program of updating of infrastructures, superstructures, services, colour-light signalling and cars was updated or extended. The three-phase lines were gradually turned into standard 3,000 V dc lines.

Increasing numbers of steam locomotives were replaced by electric or diesel ones; in the 1960s also the first unified passenger cars appeared and the first attempts of interoperability with foreign companies were started, culminating in the creation of Trans Europe Express services. Nowadays the rail tracks and infrastructure are managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI),{{cite web| url=http://www.rfi.it| title=Ferrovie dello Stato| language=it| access-date=20 August 2008}} while the train and the passenger section is managed mostly by Trenitalia. Both are Ferrovie dello Stato (FS) subsidiaries, once the only train operator in Italy.

{{Main|High-speed rail in Italy}}

File:Rimessa ferroviaria pistoia 64.jpg trainset of the speed world record ({{convert|203|km/h|abbr=on|disp=or}}) in 1938, now preserved as historical train, was re-numbered ETR 232 in the 1960s]]

File:Frecciarossa 1000 No' 08.jpg' Frecciarossa 1000 high speed train at Milano Centrale railway station, with a maximum speed of {{convert|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}},{{cite web |title=Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures |url=http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane |access-date=24 November 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |archive-date=18 December 2014}} is one of the fastest trains in Europe.{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/ |title=Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train |website=Railway Technology |access-date=5 May 2016 |archive-date=9 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809032916/http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |title=French Train Breaks Speed Record |website=CBC News |access-date=5 June 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201116/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/french-train-breaks-speed-record-1.650346 |url-status=live}}]]

File:FS ETR.500 pair, Firenze S.M.N. (1).JPG at Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved {{convert|362|km/h|abbr=on}} on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.{{cite web |url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_04/treno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml |title=Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa |date=4 February 2009 |publisher=Repubblica |language=it |access-date=5 February 2009}}]]

File:Italo Evo in Venezia.jpg) at Venezia Mestre railway station.]]

The Italian high-speed service began in 1938 with an electric-multiple-unit ETR 200, designed for {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on}}, between Bologna and Naples. It too reached {{convert|160|km/h|abbr=on}} in commercial service, and achieved a world mean speed record of {{convert|203|km/h|abbr=on}} between Florence and Milan in 1938.

High-speed trains were developed during the 1960s. E444 locomotives were the first standard locomotives capable of top speed of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, while an ALe 601 electrical multiple unit (EMU) reached a speed of {{convert|240|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} during a test. Other EMUs, such as the ETR 220, ETR 250 and ETR 300, were also updated for speeds up to {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased travelling speeds.

On 25 June 1970, work was started on the Rome–Florence Direttissima, the first high-speed line in Italy and in Europe. It included the {{convert|5,375|m|mi|adj=mid|-long}} bridge on the Paglia river, then the longest in Europe. Works were completed in the early 1990s.

In 1975, a program for a widespread updating of the rolling stock was launched. However, as it was decided to put more emphasis on local traffic, this caused a shifting of resources from the ongoing high-speed projects, with their subsequent slowing or, in some cases, total abandonment. Therefore, 160 E.656 electric and 35 D.345 locomotives for short-medium range traffic were acquired, together with 80 EMUs of the ALe 801/940 class, 120 ALn 668 diesel railcars. Some 1,000 much-needed passenger and 7,000 freight cars were also ordered.

In the 1990s, work started on the Treno Alta Velocità (TAV) project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes Milan – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – Salerno, Turin – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – Trieste and Milan–Genoa. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia are underway.

Most of the Rome–Naples line opened in December 2005, the Turin–Milan line partially opened in February 2006 and the Milan–Bologna line opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the Rome–Naples and the Turin–Milan lines and the Bologna–Florence line were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=10}}. Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. {{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.{{Cite web|url=http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa|title=Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia|website=trenitalia.com|language=it|access-date=14 May 2017}}

Other proposed high-speed lines are Salerno-Reggio Calabria{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria|title=Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria|access-date=8 February 2021}} (connected to Sicily with the future bridge over the Strait of Messina{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.citynow.it/alta-velocita-ferroviaria-sa-rc-come-cambiano-scenari-foto-social-ponte-stretto/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari.|access-date=21 February 2024}}), Palermo-Catania{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.strettoweb.com/2023/05/alta-velocita-salerno-reggio-palermo-catania-messina-lavori-37-miliardi/1520865/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria Salerno-Reggio e Palermo-Catania Messina: aggiudicati lavori per altri 3,7 miliardi|access-date=21 February 2024}} and Naples–Bari.{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.quotidiano.net/economia/alta-velocita-napoli-bari-d84a609c|title=Alta velocità Napoli-Bari. Partiti i lavori. Sei miliardi per collegare le due città in 2 ore a 40 minuti|access-date=21 February 2024}}

The main public operator of high-speed trains (alta velocità AV, formerly Eurostar Italia) is Trenitalia, part of FSI. Trains are divided into three categories (called "Le Frecce"): Frecciarossa ("Red arrow") trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on dedicated high-speed tracks; Frecciargento (Silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on both high-speed and mainline tracks; Frecciabianca (White arrow) trains operate at a maximum of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on mainline tracks only.{{cite web|url=https://www.interrail.eu/it/plan-your-trip/tips-and-tricks/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/le-frecce|title=Treno ad alta velocità Le Frecce|access-date=24 September 2024|language=it}}

Since 2012, a new and Italy's first private train operator, NTV (branded as Italo), run high-speed services in competition with Trenitalia. Even nowadays, Italy is the only country in Europe with a private high-speed train operator.

Construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line began in 2013 and in December 2016 the Milan-Treviglio-Brescia section has been opened to passenger traffic;{{Cite web |title=Ferrovie.it - A 300 km/h da Milano a Brescia |url=https://www.ferrovie.it/portale/articoli/4400 |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Ferrovie.it |language=it}} the Milan-Genoa high-speed line (Terzo Valico dei Giovi) is also under construction.

Today it is possible to travel from Rome to Milan in less than 3 hours (2h 55' without intermediate stops) with the Frecciarossa 1000, the new high-speed train. As of June 2024, there are 46 Trenitalia {{Cite web |title=Trenitalia |url=https://www.lefrecce.it/Channels.Website.WEB/#/search-results?handoff=true&referrer=www.trenitalia.com |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=www.lefrecce.it}} and 33 Italo {{Cite web |title=Italotreno.com |url=https://biglietti.italotreno.com/Booking_Acquisto_SelezioneTreno_A.aspx |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=biglietti.italotreno.com}} round-trip high-speed trains every weekday that cover this route,

{{Main article|Nightjet}}

Image:OEBB Nachtzug Strecken streckennetz deutsch 2023.png Route Map (2023)]]

The Nightjet of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) serves different major cities in Italy like Rome, Venice, Florence and Milano. The trains can be used for rides inside Italy as well as for journeys abroad.

Nightjet trains offer beds in sleeper carriages (Nightjet's most comfortable service category), couchette carriages, and seated carriages. On certain connections, cars can also be transported on the train. Bikes can be transported in a bike transport bag, or on some connections also in special bike racks.

{{main|Inter-city rail|InterCity}}

File:Trains in Napoli Centrale-Garibaldi 18 55 44 221000.jpeg]]

File:Inter city train (Rome) in 2023.01.jpg]]

With the introduction of high-speed trains, intercity trains are limited to a few services per day on mainline and regional tracks.

The daytime services (InterCity IC), while not frequent and limited to one or two trains per route, are essential in providing access to cities and towns off the railway's mainline network. The main routes are Trieste to Rome (stopping at Venice, Bologna, Prato, Florence and Arezzo), Milan to Rome (stopping at Genoa, La Spezia, Pisa and Livorno / stopping at Parma, Modena, Bologna, Prato, Florence and Arezzo), Bologna to Lecce (stopping at Rimini, Ancona, Pescara, Bari and Brindisi) and Rome to Reggio di Calabria (stopping at Latina and Naples). In addition, the Intercity trains provide a more economical means of long-distance rail travel within Italy.

The night trains (Intercity Notte ICN) have sleeper compartments and washrooms, but no showers on board. The main routes are Rome to Bolzano/Bozen (calling at Florence, Bologna, Verona, Rovereto and Trento), Milan to Lecce (calling at Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, Faenza, Forlì, Cesena, Rimini, Ancona, Pescara, Bari and Brindisi), Turin to Lecce (calling at Alessandria, Voghera, Piacenza, Parma, Bologna, Rimini, Pescara, Termoli, San Severo, Foggia, Barletta, Bisceglie, Molfetta, Bari, Monopoli, Fasano, Ostuni and Brindisi) and Reggio di Calabria to Turin (calling at Naples, Rome, Livorno, La Spezia and Genova). Most portions of these ICN services run during the night; since most services take 10 to 15 hours to complete a one-way journey, their daytime portion provides extra train connections to complement the Intercity services.

There are a total of 86 intercity trains running in Italy per day.

File:Fara Sabina - stazione ferroviaria - elettrotreno Trenitalia Rock.jpg ETR 521 "Rock" regional train on Florence–Rome railway at Fara Sabina-Montelibretti station]]

Trenitalia operates regional services (both fast veloce RV and stopping REG) throughout Italy.

File:Trenord ETR 204 010 Palazzolo sull Oglio 20230410.jpg Donizetti TN 204 arrives at Palazzolo sull'Oglio railway station]]

Regional train agencies exist: their train schedules are largely connected to and shown on Trenitalia, and tickets for such train services can be purchased through Trenitalia's national network. Other regional agencies have separate ticket systems which are not mutually exchangeable with that of Trenitalia. These "regional" tickets could be purchased at local newsagents or tobacco stores instead.

• Trentino-Alto Adige / {{lang|de|Trentin-Südtirol}}: Südtirol Bahn ({{lit|South Tyrol Railway}}) runs regional services on Ala/Ahl-am-Etsch to Bolzano/Bozen (calling at Rovereto/Rofreit, Trento/Trient and Mezzocorona/Kronmetz), Bolzano/Bozen to Merano/Meran, Bressanone/Brixen to San Candido/Innichen, and a direct "Tirol regional express REX" service between Bolzano/Bozen in Italy and Innsbruck in Austria.
• Veneto: Sistemi Territoriali runs regional trains in Veneto region.
• Lombardy: Trenord runs the Malpensa Express airport train, many Milan's suburban lines and most regional train services in Lombardy. Trenord also co-operates with DB and ÖBB on the EuroCity Verona-Munich service, and with SBB CFF FFS (joint-venture TiLo) on the regional express and suburban trains between Lombardy and the towns of Canton of Ticino, such as Lugano, Locarno, Cadenazzo, Bellinzona and Mendrisio.
• Emilia-Romagna: Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna provides vital connections across cities on different mainline networks, including Modena, Parma, Suzzara, Ferrara, Reggio Emilia and Bologna.
• Tuscany: La Ferroviaria Italiana operates in Arezzo province.
• Abruzzo: Sangritana runs daily services between Pescara and Lanciano.

In addition to these agencies, there is a great deal of other little operators, such as AMT Genova for the Genova-Casella railway.

File:Roma termini 01.jpg]]

File:Milan CentralStation 016 4294.jpg]]

{{main article|Railway stations in Italy}}

Italy's top ten railway stations by annual passengers are:

File:Inaugurazione metro B1.jpg]]

File:M4 San Babila appena inaugurata.jpg]]

Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in the Europe.{{cite web|url=https://www.milanocittastato.it/trasporti/effetto-m4-la-metro-di-milano-entra-nella-top-europea/?fbclid=IwY2xjawF3U1dleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHXSpIbaPnyiu6v7H7zI_mDyWgUrPadrCjN6GDzfUhPP2dI-Mfj4jLYBecw_aem__7hUFLg35ygwuZipXbL1Vg#goog_rewarded|title=Effetto M4: la metro di Milano entra nella top europea|access-date=12 October 2024|language=it}} Seven cities have metro systems:

File:Milano staz Porta Venezia TSR linea S6.JPG train at Milano Porta Venezia railway station on the Milan Passerby railway]]

15 cities have commuter rail systems; cities without wikilink are those listed just above for their metro rail system.

• Bari (Bari metropolitan railway service, 3 lines)
• Bologna (Bologna metropolitan railway service, 8 lines)
• Cagliari, 1 line
• Catanzaro, 2 lines
• Genoa (Genoa urban railway service, 3 lines)
• Messina, 1 line
• Milan (Milan suburban railway service, 12 lines)
• Naples, 8 lines
• Palermo (Palermo metropolitan railway service, 2 lines)
• Perugia, 1 line
• Potenza, 1 line
• Reggio Calabria, 1 line
• Rome (FL lines, 8 lines)
• Salerno (Salerno metropolitan railway service, 1 line)
• Turin (Turin metropolitan railway service, 8 lines)

{{See also|Leonardo Express|Malpensa Express}}

File:Leonardo express 01.jpg at Roma Termini railway station]]

File:Malpensa-Express ETR 245-501 (24201808984).jpg at Milano Centrale railway station]]

Airport shuttle buses are highly developed and convenient for rail travellers. Most airports in Italy are not connected to the railway network, except for Rome Fiumicino Airport, Milan Malpensa Airport and Turin Caselle Airport. In Bologna, there is the monorail Marconi Express, connecting Bologna Airport to the main railway station. Linate Airport in Milan has been connected to line 4 of the Milan metro since 2022.

• Venice: Venezia-Mestre station - Marco Polo Airport (50 minutes) and Treviso Airport
• Milan: Milano Centrale station - Malpensa Airport (1 hour 5 minutes), Linate Airport (35 minutes) and Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
• Brescia: Brescia station - Milan Bergamo Airport (1 hour)
• Rome: Rome Termini station - Fiumicino Airport (31 minutes)
• Verona: Verona Porta Nuova station - Villafranca "Catullo" Airport (20 minutes)
• Bologna: Centrale station - Bologna Airport (20 minutes) - Route modified in November 2020. It shifted from route BLQ (Bologna Centrale Station-Bologna Airport) to route 944 Ospedale Maggiore-Bologna Airport
• Pescara Centrale station - Abruzzo Airport (10 minutes)
• Pisa: Pisa Centrale station - San Giusto Airport (5 minutes)
• Florence: Firenze S M Novella station - Florence Airport

File:Milano tram piazza Cavour.jpg under the arcs of Porta Nuova medieval gate. This type of historical tram is also used in San Francisco, United States{{cite web|url=https://www.milanotoday.it/blog/t_el-see-che-a-milan/tram-milano-san-francisco.html|title=Perché a San Francisco girano (anche) i tram di Milano|access-date=25 October 2024|language=it}}]]

11 cities have tram system:

• Bergamo–Albino light rail
• Cagliari light rail
• Trams in Florence
• Trams in Messina
• Trams in Mestre
• Trams in Milan
• Trams in Naples
• Trams in Padua
• Trams in Palermo
• Trams in Rome
• Trams in Turin
• Trieste–Opicina tramway

{{see also|Tram-train}}

File:Řím, Porta Maggiore, úzkorozchodná elektrická jednotka.jpg]]

File:Sasstram.jpg]]

2 cities have tram-train system, Rome and Sassari. The Rome–Giardinetti railway connects Laziali (a regional train station some {{Convert|800|m|ft|0}} from Termini's main concourse) with Giardinetti to the east just past the Grande Raccordo Anulare, Rome's orbital motorway.{{cite web|title=Il Libro Giallo del Trenino|url=http://www.cityrailways.net/studi-e-tecnica/2015/2/10/il-libro-giallo-del-trenino.html|website=CityRailways|accessdate=2015-04-22|language=Italian}} It is run by ATAC, the company responsible for public transportation in the city, which also operates the Rome Metro.{{cite news|last1=Piccirilli|first1=Antonio|title=Un 'carro bestiame' nel cuore della città: quale futuro per la Roma-Giardinetti?|url=http://pigneto.romatoday.it/trenino-laziali-tra-insicurezza-e-degrado.html|accessdate=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=25 June 2013|language=Italian}} The present railway is the only part of the old and longer Rome–Fiuggi–Alatri–Frosinone railway to be in service. The latest shortening of the line occurred in 2008 with the closing of the Giardinetti–Pantano section, which has now become part of the Metro Line C.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilmessaggero.it/roma/cronaca/metro_c_atac_sindaco_apertura_pantano_centocelle-686804.html|title=Metro C, apre la Pantano-Centocelle: folla di romani all'inaugurazione|access-date=2018-07-23}} The line had been due to be dismantled in 2016 to be replaced with a bus lane along Via Casilina,{{cite news|last1=Bisbiglia|first1=Vincenzo|title=Trenino Roma-Giardinetti, la corsa è finita|url=http://www.iltempo.it/roma-capitale/cronaca/2015/01/25/trenino-roma-giardinetti-la-corsa-e-finita-1.1371736|accessdate=2015-04-22|newspaper=Il Tempo|date=25 January 2015|language=Italian}} but in March 2015 it was announced that the line would instead be retained and modernised.{{cite news|last1=Sina|first1=Ylenia|title=La Roma Giardinetti devierà sulla Togliatti: destinazione Tor Vergata|url=http://www.romatoday.it/politica/roma-giardinetti-tor-vergata-torre-spaccata-torre-maura.html|accessdate=2015-04-22|newspaper=Roma Today|date=19 March 2015|language=Italian}}

Metrosassari,{{in lang|it}} [http://arst.sardegna.it/orari_e_autolinee/servizimetross.html ARST - Metrosassari]{{in lang|it}} [http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227 Azienda Trasporti Pubblici Sassari - Informazioni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201000521/http://www.atpsassari.it/informations.asp?id=227# |date=1 February 2016 }} also called Sassari tramway, Sassari tram-train or Sassari metro-tramway ({{langx|it|Metrotranvia di Sassari}} or {{langx|it|Metropolitana leggera di Sassari|links=no}}) is the commercial name of a tram-train{{in lang|it}} [http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf Andrea Spinosa - Progetto tram-treno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109224453/http://www.cityrailways.it/storage/pdf/Tram_treno_vol_1_v.2.pdf# |date=9 November 2011 }}{{in lang|it}}[http://www.psbenevento.it/Materiali/bestpum/sassari.pdf Comune di Benevento - SCHEDA n° 2 Sassari, Italia, Tram Treno]{{in lang|it}} Elena Molinaro, [http://www.asstra.it/asstrasql/bannerhp/attibologna/8-2.pdf Linee guida tram treno]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, atti del 5º convegno nazionale Sistema Tram, Roma, 1 gennaio – 1 febbraio 2013. line in Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, operated by the regional public transport company ARST (Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti). Despite having been built in the early 2000s, in the urban section the line was built with single track and narrow gauge, to connect with the same {{RailGauge|950mm}} gauge used in the secondary railway lines in Sardinia. The {{convert|2.45|km|abbr=on}} tramway part of the line (Stazione - Emiciclo Garibaldi) opened in October 2006, linking the railway station with the city centre via the hospital district.{{cite news| title=Metros January 2007| url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//metros-january-2007.html| work=Railway Gazette International| date=1 January 2007| access-date=27 July 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809093408/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/metros-january-2007.html| archive-date=9 August 2011| url-status=dead}} On 27 September 2009 the line was extended into the peripheral district of Santa Maria di Pisa, running on the electrified portion{{in lang|it}} [http://www.lestradeferrate.it/34mono/34smariapisa.htm Lestradeferrate.it - Stazione di Santa Maria di Pisa] of the Sassari–Sorso railway.{{in lang|it}} Tram oltre Sassari. In: ″I Treni″ Nr. 320 (November 2009), p. 8. The main part of the network was in 2013 in the advanced development phase. It is under construction is the extension of the line from Santa Maria di Pisa to Li Punti and Baldinca, and the electrification of the railway to Sorso, 10 km from Sassari. It is also planned to convert and electrify the 28 km Sassari-Alghero railway to allow the trams to reach the village of Olmedo, Fertilia Airport and the town of Alghero.

File:Rail tracks east upper Menton.jpg line in Ventimiglia, near the French border]]

File:Simplon railway tunnel entrance switzerland.jpg is a railway tunnel on the Simplon railway that connects Brig, Switzerland and Domodossola, Italy, through the Alps.]]

Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with her neighbouring countries: six are designated as mainline tracks and two are metre-gauge tracks. The six mainline border crossings are: two with France (one for Nice and Marseille; the other for Lyon and Dijon), two with Switzerland (one for Brig, Bern and Geneva; the other for Chiasso, Lugano, Lucerne and Zürich), and two with Austria (one for Innsbruck; the other for Villach, Graz and Vienna). The two-metre-gauge track crossings are located at the border town of Tirano (enters Switzerland's Canton Graubünden/Grisons) and Domodossola (enters Switzerland's canton of Ticino).

There was a railway line connecting Italy's northeastern port of Trieste to Ljubljana

(Slovenia) and Vienna, built when Trieste was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire:the Austrian Southern Railway. This railway stopped operating at the end of World War II.Direct connections between Trieste and Ljubljana have resumed since september 2018.{{cite news|title=Dal 9 settembre al via i treni Trieste-Lubiana|url=https://www.triesteprima.it/cronaca/treno-trieste-lubiana-12-agosto-2018.html|newspaper=TriestePrima|language=Italian}}

• Italy-France: Marseille-Ventimiglia railway, currently EuroCity trains of Thello Milan-Marseille and one EuroNight train of RZD Moscow-Nice.
• Italy-France: Tenda line, operated by Trenitalia
• Italy-France: Fréjus Rail Tunnel at {{convert|1338|m|abbr=on}} above sea, currently SNCF TGV trains Milan-Paris and Turin-Paris and EuroNight trains of Thello Venice-Paris
• Italy-Switzerland: Simplon Tunnel, currently EuroCity (EC) trains of SBB CFF FFS Milan-Geneva and Milan-Bern
• Italy-Switzerland: Domodossola–Locarno railway line line connecting Domodossola (Italy) with Locarno (Switzerland), operated by Ferrovie Autolinee Regionali Ticinesi SA (FART)
• Italy-Switzerland: Cadenazzo–Luino railway line connecting Luino (Italy) to Bellinzona (Switzerland) and runs on the eastern coast of Lake Maggiore, operated by TILO regional trains
• Italy-Switzerland: Mendrisio–Varese railway line connecting Varese (Italy) to Mendrisio (Switzerland), operated by TILO regional trains
• Italy-Switzerland: Milan–Chiasso railway, currently EuroCity trains of SBB CFF FFS Milan-Zürich
• Italy-Switzerland: Bernina railway at {{convert|2253|m|abbr=on}} above sea, metre-gauge trains of RhB Tirano-St. Moritz and the Bernina Express tourist train
• Italy-Austria: Brenner railway at {{convert|1371|m|abbr=on}} above sea, currently EuroCity trains of ÖBB-DB Munich-Verona and Munich-Venice/Bologna, and DB CityNightLine Munich-Rome/Milan
• Italy-Austria: Drava Valley Railway at {{convert|1175|m|abbr=on}} above sea connecting San Candido/Innichen (Italy) and Lienz (Austria)
• Italy-Austria: Rudolf Railway connecting Venice and Udine (Italy) to Villach (Austria), currently EuroCity trains of ÖBB Venice-Vienna, EuroNight trains of ÖBB Vienna-Rome/Milan, and DB CityNightLine Munich-Venice
• Italy-Slovenia: Tarvisio–Ljubljana Railway, Trieste-Ljubljana
• Italy-Slovenia-Croatia:Trieste-Rijeka{{cite news|title=Riparte dopo decenni il treno transfrontaliero Trieste-Fiume|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/europa/2024/03/27/riparte-dopo-decenni-il-treno-transfrontaliero-trieste-fiume_9af8bb02-5be6-4deb-a6e8-d5ce7d0bd823.html|newspaper=ANSA|language=Italian}}

The Vatican City is also linked to Italy with a railway line serving a single railway station, the Vatican City railway station. This line is used only for special occasions.{{cite web|title=La Ferrovia dello Stato della Città del Vaticano|url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/ferrovia/ferrovia_it.html#Origini%20della%20Ferrovia%20dello%20Stato%20della%20Citt%E0%20del%20Vaticano|publisher=Sala stampa della Santa Sede|access-date=9 January 2012|language=it}}

San Marino used to have a narrow gauge rail connection with Italy; this was dismantled in 1944.{{cite web|title=la "Ferrovia Rimini - San Marino"|url=http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm|publisher=ferroviedismesse.com|access-date=6 January 2012|language=it|archive-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224052215/http://www.ferroviedismesse.com/rimini_sanmarino.htm|url-status=dead}}

All links have the same gauge.

• {{Flag icon|Austria}} Austria — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC
• {{Flag icon|France}} France — voltage change 3 kV DC/25 kV AC or 1.5 kV DC
• {{Flag icon|Slovenia}} Slovenia — same voltage
• {{Flag icon|Switzerland}} Switzerland — voltage change 3 kV DC/15 kV AC (plus two narrow gauge lines, same voltage)
• {{Flag icon|Vatican City}} Vatican City — no electrification
• {{Flag icon|San Marino}} San Marino — closed, narrow gauge

File:Domodossola staz ferr lato strada.JPG]]

Stations on the border are:

• Roma San Pietro is the border station of the Rome-Vatican City railway
• Ventimiglia is the border station on the Genoa-Nice main line.
• Olivetta San Michele and Limone Piemonte on both sides of the Tenda Railway
• Modane is the border station on the Turin-Lyon main line (Fréjus Tunnel line).
• Domodossola is the border station of the Milan-Bern/Geneva main line (Simplon Tunnel line).
• Ribellasca is on the Vigezzina.
• Luino is the border station of the Oleggio–Pino railway.
• Chiasso is the border station of the Milan-Zürich main line (Gotthard Tunnel line).
• Tirano is the terminus on the Italian side of the {{RailGauge|1000mm}} Bernina line of the Rhätische Bahn.
• Brenner is the border station of the Verona-Innsbruck main line (Brenner railway).
• San Candido is the border station of the Fortezza-Lienz secondary line.
• Tarvisio Boscoverde is the border station of the Venezia-Wien main line (Austrian Southern Railway line).
• Gorizia Centrale station serves as link to the Slovenian Railways, through the station of Nova Gorica, which can be entered also directly by pedestrians from the Italian side.
• Villa Opicina (Villa Opicina, Trieste) serves as link to the Slovenian Railways, through the stations of Sežana and Repentabor.

{{see also|List of heritage railways in Italy}}

File:Stazione Cansano.jpg railway station, along the now tourist {{ill|Sulmona–Isernia railway|it|ferrovia Sulmona-Isernia}} in Italy]]

In Italy, the heritage railways institute is recognized and protected by law no. 128 of 9 August 2017, which has as its objective the protection and valorisation of disused, suspended or abolished railway lines, of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, including both railway routes and stations and the related works of art and appurtenances, on which, upon the proposal of the regions to which they belong, tourism-type traffic management is applied (art. 2, paragraph 1).{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2017/08/23/17G00141/sg|title=Legge 9 agosto 2017, n. 128|author=Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana}} At the same time, the law identified a first list of 18 tourist railways, considered to be of particular value (art. 2, paragraph 2).

The list is periodically updated by decree of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, in agreement with the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Culture, also taking into account the reports in the State-Regions Conference, a list which in 2022 reached 26 railway lines.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mit.gov.it/nfsmitgov/files/media/notizia/2022-03/Elenco%20ferrovie%20turistiche.pdf|title=Tratte ferroviarie ad uso turistico|language=it|access-date=24 February 2024}} According to article 1, law 128/2017 has as its purpose: "the protection and valorisation of railway sections of particular cultural, landscape and tourist value, which include railway routes, stations and related works of art and appurtenances, and of the historic and tourist rolling stock authorized to travel along them, as well as the regulation of the use of ferrocycles".

File:Viadukt zwischen Nulvi und Martis.jpg in Italy]]

File:Garessio staz ferr ALn 663.jpg in Italy]]

Below is the list of railway lines recognized as tourist railways by Italian legislation.

{{Col-begin}}

a) pursuant to art. 2 paragraph 2 law 128/2017:

1. Sulmona-Castel di Sangro section of the {{ill|Sulmona–Isernia railway|it|ferrovia Sulmona-Isernia}}A ordinary gauge, owned by RFI.
2. {{ill|Cosenza-Camigliatello–San Giovanni in Fiore railway|it|Ferrovia Cosenza-Camigliatello-San Giovanni in Fiore}}A narrow gauge, regional railway owned by {{ill|Calabria railways|it|Ferrovie della Calabria}}; the service is called {{ill|Trenino della Sila|it}}.
3. {{ill|Avellino–Rocchetta Sant'Antonio railway|it|Ferrovia Avellino-Rocchetta Sant'Antonio}}
4. {{ill|Gemona del Friuli–Sacile railway|it|Ferrovia Gemona del Friuli-Sacile}}
5. {{ill|Palazzolo–Paratico railway|it|Ferrovia Palazzolo-Paratico}}
6. Castel di Sangro-Carpinone section of the Sulmona-Isernia railwaySubsequently extended to Isernia.
7. Ceva–Ormea railway
8. {{ill|Mandas–Arbatax railway|it|Ferrovia Mandas-Arbatax}}A narrow gauge, regional railway owned by ARST; the service is called Trenino Verde.
9. {{ill|Isili–Sorgono railway|it|Ferrovia Isili-Sorgono}}
10. Sassari–Tempio-Palau railway
11. {{ill|Macomer–Bosa railway|it|Ferrovia Macomer-Bosa}}
12. {{ill|Alcantara–Randazzo railway|it|Ferrovia Alcantara-Randazzo}}
13. Castelvetrano-Porto Palo section of the {{ill|Castelvetrano–Porto Empedocle railway|it|ferrovia Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle}}Line part of the disused narrow gauge FS network of Sicily.
14. Agrigento Bassa-Porto Empedocle section of the Castelvetrano-Porto Empedocle railway
15. {{ill|Noto–Pachino railway|it|Ferrovia Noto-Pachino}}
16. Asciano–Monte Antico railway
17. {{ill|Civitavecchia–Orte railway|it|Ferrovia Civitavecchia-Orte}}
18. {{ill|Fano–Urbino railway|it|Ferrovia Fano-Urbino}}

{{Col-break}}

b) pursuant to the Ministerial Decree of 30 March 2022:

1. {{ill|Chivasso–Asti railway|it|Ferrovia Chivasso-Asti}}
2. {{ill|Castagnole–Asti-Mortara railway|it|Ferrovia Castagnole-Asti-Mortara}}
3. Alba-Nizza Monferrato section of the {{ill|Alessandria–Cavallermaggiore railway|it|ferrovia Alessandria-Cavallermaggiore}}
4. Novara–Varallo railway
5. Fabriano-Pergola section of the {{ill|Urbino–Fabriano railway|it|ferrovia Urbino-Fabriano}}
6. {{ill|Sicignano degli Alburni–Lagonegro railway|it|Ferrovia Sicignano degli Alburni-Lagonegro}}
7. {{ill|Rocchetta Sant'Antonio–Gioia del Colle railway|it|Ferrovia Rocchetta Sant'Antonio-Gioia del Colle}}
8. {{ill|Cuneo–Mondovì railway|it|Ferrovia Cuneo-Mondovì}}
9. Malnate Olona-Swiss border section of the Valmorea railway.A ordinary gauge, regional railway owned by Ferrovienord.

{{Col-end}}

File:Brusio Cavaglia 2009 2.jpg between Poschiavo, Switzerland, and Tirano, Italy]]

The Bernina railway line is a single-track {{track gauge|1000mm|allk=on}} railway line forming part of the Rhaetian Railway (RhB). It links the spa resort of St. Moritz, in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland, with the town of Tirano, in the Province of Sondrio, Italy, via the Bernina Pass. Reaching a height of {{convert|2,253|m}} above sea level, it is the third highest railway crossing in Europe. It also ranks as the highest adhesion railway of the continent, and{{spnd}}with inclines of up to 7%{{spnd}}as one of the steepest adhesion railways in the world. The elevation difference on the section between the Bernina Pass and Tirano is {{convert|1824|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}, allowing passengers to view glaciers along the line. On 7 July 2008, the Bernina line and the Albula railway line, which also forms part of the RhB, were recorded in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, under the name Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes. The whole site is a cross-border joint Swiss-Italian heritage area. Trains operating on the Bernina line include the Bernina Express.

In July 2023, Ferrovie dello Stato established a new company, the "FS Treni Turistici Italiani" (English: FS Italian Tourist Trains), with the mission "to propose an offer of railway services expressly designed and calibrated for quality, sustainable tourism and attentive to rediscovering the riches of the Italian territory. Tourism that can experience the train journey as an integral moment of the holiday, an element of quality in the overall tourist experience".{{Cite web|url=https://www.fsitaliane.it/content/fsitaliane/it/media/comunicati-stampa/2023/7/24/nuova-societa-fs-treni-turistici-italiani.html|title=Gruppo FS, nasce la nuova società "FS Treni Turistici Italiani"|language=it|access-date=24 February 2024}} There are three service areas proposed:

• Luxury trains, which includes the circulation of the "Orient Express - La Dolce Vita" from 2024, and Venice Simplon Orient Express, already operating on European routes;
• Express and historic trains, with the express trains of the 1980s and 1990s being redeveloped and modernized in the railway workshops of Rimini, while the historic trains are used for journeys that include stops with guided tours and tastings;
• Regional trains, also with trips that include experiential tourist stops, which pass through places rich in history, with villages and areas of landscape, naturalistic, food and wine and agri-food interest.

The Italian railways are partially funded by the government, receiving €8.1 billion in 2009.{{cite web |url=http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf |title=The age of the train |access-date=14 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023204/http://www.oxera.com/Oxera/media/Oxera/downloads/Agenda/The-age-of-the-train.pdf?ext=.pdf |url-status=dead }}

{{See also|Train categories in Europe}}

These are the major service categories and models of Italian trains.

File:L'ETR.675 n. 14 alla stazione di Roma Termini.jpg |Italo operates on main High-Speed lines by NTV. Makes a few stops in the most important cities.

File:ETR.600 Frecciarossa.jpg |Frecciarossa operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes a few stops in major cities.

File:Venetië Frecciargento High Speed 11a uit Rome (10668443663).jpg|Frecciargento operates on High-Speed lines by Trenitalia. Makes some stops in big cities.

File:Trenitalia Frecciabianca.jpg|Frecciabianca operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.

File:E.464.340 corsa prova Roma Ostiense.jpg|Intercity operates on main lines by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.

File:ETR 610 "Cisalpino due".jpg|Eurocity, formerly Cisalpino, operates on international main lines within the European Union by Trenitalia. Stops in big cities.

File:FS Vivalto 20 at Venezia Santa Lucia train station.jpg|RegionaleVeloce operates on regional lines in a region or in adjacent regions by Trenitalia. Stops in the main stations of the local service.

File:Roma - stazione Termini - ETR.425.jpg|Regionale operates on regional lines by Trenitalia. Stops in every station of the local service.

File:Trenord R3 009 2011.jpg|Regio-Express operates on regional lines by Trenord. Stops in some stations of the local service.

File:Logo on Stadler BTR.813.jpg|RegionaleVeloce as operates in the Aosta Valley by Trenitalia

File:ETR 521 Rock con leone S. Marco 2.jpg|RegionaleVeloce as operates in Veneto by Trenitalia

File:Bruneck ETR155-003 20100717Y673a.jpg|Regionale as operates in Trentino-Alto Adige by SAD

File:FLIRT a Venezia Mestre.jpg|Regionale as operates in some lines of Veneto by Sistemi Territoriali (ST)

File:FUC ATR 110 002 Cividale stazione 20120414.JPG|Regionale as operates in Friuli-Venezia Giulia by Società Ferrovie Udine-Cividale (FUC)

File:Pesa - ATR220.019 a Nardò.jpg|Regionale as operates in Apulia by Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE)

File:Sezione storica della stazione centrale di Bari.jpg|Bari Centrale, Bari

File:Bologna-Stazione Centrale-DSCF7236.JPG|Bologna Centrale, Bologna

File:Stazione di santa maria novella vista dal convento di santa maria novella.jpg|Firenze Santa Maria Novella, Florence

File:Genova Stazione Brignole Esterno 02.jpg|Genova Brignole, Genoa

File:Genova Stazione di Genova Piazza Principe Esterno 01.jpg|Genova Piazza Principe, Genoa

File:Milano - Piazzale Cadorna e Stazione Ferrovie Nord - panoramio.jpg|Milano Cadorna, Milan

File:Front view of Milan Stazione Centrale entrance portico.jpg|Milano Centrale, Milan

File:Stazione di Porta Garibaldi, Milano, ingresso viaggiatori.jpg|Milano Porta Garibaldi, Milan

File:Stazione alta velocita, Zaha Hadid, Napoli Afragola.jpg|Napoli Afragola, Metropolitan City of Naples

File:Napoli Centrale railway station in 2018.10.jpg|Napoli Centrale, Naples

File:"Praça da Estação" de Palermo (1036620145).jpg|Palermo Centrale, Palermo

File:Roma Ostiense station.jpg|Roma Ostiense, Rome

File:Roma termini 01.jpg|Roma Termini, Rome

File:2013-06-15 Roma Stazione FS Tiburtina.jpg|Roma Tiburtina, Rome

File:Trieste Centrale (IMG 20211010 115938).jpg|Trieste Centrale, Trieste

File:Porta Nuova Station Turin.jpg|Torino Porta Nuova, Turin

File:Arriere-gare-torino-porta-susa.jpg|Torino Porta Susa, Turin

File:Mestre train station.jpg|Venezia Mestre, Venice

File:Stazione di Venezia Santa Lucia - panoramio - Mister No (1).jpg|Venezia Santa Lucia, Venice

File:Stazione Verona PN.jpg|Verona Porta Nuova, Verona

{{Portal|Trains|Italy}}

• Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane
• History of rail transport in Italy
• Railway stations in Italy
• Transport in Italy
• Trenitalia
• Treno Alta Velocità
• Rail transport in Europe

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Parks |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Parks |title=Italian Ways: On and Off the Rails from Milan to Palermo |year=2013 |publisher=Harvill Secker |location=London |isbn=9781846557743 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/italianwaysonoff0000park }}
• {{cite book|publisher=Rete Ferroviaria Italiana|title=Fascicolo Linea 82 bis – AV/AC Torino – Milano – Napoli Tratto di linea Milano Rogoredo – Firenze Castello e relative interconnessioni con linea Milano – Bologna – Firenze (Tradizionale)|pages=90–119 and 150–179|language=it}}

{{Refend}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Wikivoyage|Rail travel in Italy}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080912094757/http://www.rfi.it/default.asp RFI (Infrastructure manager)] Official website (Italian only)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090121152632/http://www.ltf-sas.com/ Lyon Turin Ferroviaire]
• [http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/italy/ Railway Technology.com article] on Italian High-Speed Rail, including NTV, Accessed 5 February 2008
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516022040/http://www.ferroviedellostato.it/ferrovie/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=160b5e88951ac010VgnVCM1000002f2af90aRCRD Italian HS System]

{{Rail transport in Europe}}

{{Italy topics}}

{{Authority control}}