royal Thai Air Force
{{Short description|Aerial warfare branch of Thailand's military}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Royal Thai Air Force
| native_name = {{lang|th|กองทัพอากาศไทย}}
{{transliteration|th|Kong Thap Akat Thai}}
| image = Emblem of the Royal Thai Air Force.svg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Badge of the Royal Thai Air Force
| start_date = {{start date and age|1913|11|02|df=yes}}
| country = {{flag|Thailand}}
| allegiance =
| branch =
| type = Air force
| role = Aerial warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare
| size = 46,000 active personnel{{cite book| url=https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2023| title=The Military Balance 2023| author1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| author-link1=International Institute for Strategic Studies| year=2023| publisher=Routledge| location=London| page= 294| isbn=9781032508955}}
674 Aircraft
| command_structure = Royal Thai Armed Forces
| garrison = Don Muang Air Base, Bangkok
| garrison_label = Headquarters
| nickname = "ทอ." "Thor Or" Abbreviation of Air Force
"ทัพฟ้า" "Thap Fah" Sky Army
| patron =
| motto = น่านฟ้าไทย จะมิให้ใครมาย่ำยี
"The Thai airspace, none shall ever invade"
| colours = {{legend2|#2a7fff|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} Blue
| colours_label =
| march = {{langx|th|มาร์ชกองทัพอากาศ}}
"Royal Thai Air Force March"
| mascot =
| anniversaries = 9 April 1937
(Royal Thai Air Force Day)
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = {{Tree list}}
- World War I
- European theatre
- Western Front
- Hundred Days Offensive
- Meuse–Argonne offensive
- Interwar period
- Boworadet Rebellion
- World War II
- Franco-Thai War
- Pacific War
- Japanese invasion of Thailand
- Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan
- Malayan campaign
- Burma campaign
- Japanese invasion of Burma
- Burma campaign (1942–1943)
- Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
- Burma campaign (1944)
- Burma campaign (1944–1945)
- South-East Asian Theatre
- Bombing of Bangkok
- Cold War
- Cold War in Asia
- Decolonisation of Asia
- Korean War
- Malayan Emergency
- Indochina Wars
- Vietnam War
- Laotian Civil War
- Cambodian Civil War
- Communist insurgency in Thailand
- Communist insurgency in Malaysia
- Third Indochina War
- Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)
- Cambodian–Vietnamese War
- Vietnamese border raids in Thailand
- Thai–Laotian Border War
- Persian Gulf War
- 1999 East Timorese crisis
- International Force East Timor
- War on drugs
- Internal conflict in Myanmar
- Operation Border Post 9631
- 2010–2012 Myanmar border clashes
- Global War on Terrorism
- Operation Enduring Freedom
- Iraq War
- OEF – Afghanistan
- OEF – Horn of Africa
- 2003 Phnom Penh riots
- Operation Pochentong
- Southern Insurgency
- Cambodian–Thai border dispute
- United Nations peacekeeping
- UNIKOM
- ONUB
- UNTAET
- UNAMID
- UNAMA
- UNMIS
- FCU UNTAC
- Battle of Marawi
- 2023 Sudan conflict
- Battle of Khartoum (2023)
- Evacuation from Sudan (2023)
{{Tree list/end}}
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| flying_hours =
| website = {{URL|https://www.rtaf.mi.th|rtaf.mi.th}}
| commander1 = Air Chief Marshal Punpakdee Pattanakul
| commander1_label = Commander-in-Chief
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol = 80px
| identification_symbol_label = Roundel
| identification_symbol_2 = 80px
| identification_symbol_2_label = Fin flash
| identification_symbol_3 = 80px
| identification_symbol_3_label = Flag
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic = Saab 340 AEW&C
| aircraft_fighter = JAS-39C/D, F-16, F-5, Alpha Jet
| aircraft_helicopter = S-70i, Bell 412, S-92, EC725
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon = Saab 340B, DA42 MPP, P.180 Avanti
| aircraft_trainer = CT/4, T-41D, PC-9, DA42, T-50TH, T-6TH
| aircraft_transport = C-130, BT-67, ATR-72, Boeing 737, A320, A340, SSJ-100-95LR
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_general =
}}
The Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) ({{langx|th|กองทัพอากาศไทย}}; {{RTGS|Kong Thap Akat Thai}}) is the air force of the Kingdom of Thailand. Since its establishment in 1913 as one of the earliest air forces of Asia, the Royal Thai Air Force has engaged in numerous major and minor conflicts. During the Vietnam War era, the RTAF was supplied with USAF-aid equipment.
History
{{main|Military history of Thailand}}
Belgian pilot Charles Van Den Born performed a flying demonstration over Bangkok in January 1911, greatly impressing Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, brother of King Vajiravudh, and he even accepted an invitation for a flight. Chakrabongse sent three army officers to France, who began flight training at Vélizy-Villacoublay in July 1912. The officers became qualified aviators a year later. Soon after, Sra Pathum airfield was established along with a temporary hangar to house planes and also host flight training. In late 1913, the three new aviators returned home after arranging for the purchase of four Nieuport monoplanes and a Bréguet biplane. The aviation section put on a demonstration in January 1914, gaining the support of the King and a permanent aviation group was established and an air base at Don Muang was assigned, as the Royal Aeronautical Service, under Army control. Leary, 93.{{cite web | url = https://j-aircraft.com/research/jan_forsgren/j-aircraft_royal_thai.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191204203939/https://j-aircraft.com/research/jan_forsgren/j-aircraft_royal_thai.htm | archive-date = 2019-12-04 | title = Japanese Aircraft In Royal Thai Air Force and Royal Thai Navy Service During WWII | first = Jan | last = Forsgren | work = J-Aircraft }}{{Cite news |last=Simandan |first=V.M. |date=2013-03-08 |title=A Brief History of Aviation in Thailand - V.M. Simandan |url=https://www.simandan.com/a-brief-history-of-aviation-in-thailand/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817065937/https://www.simandan.com/a-brief-history-of-aviation-in-thailand/ |archive-date=17 August 2024 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=V.M. Simandan |language=en-US |url-status=usurped }}
Siam entered World War I with the Allies in July 1917, and a Siamese Expeditionary Force of around 1,200 men was sent to France, arriving in June 1918. Among them were 370 pilots and groundcrew, including more than 100 officers who were sent to flight school first at Istres and Avord, and then at Istres, Le Crotoy, La Chapelle-la-Reine, Biscarosse and Piox. Eventually, The 95 pilots who qualified as military aviators flew a few operational sorties in the closing weeks of the war but suffered no casualties, nor scored any kills. Their training did mean that Siam entered the post-World War I period with one of the best equipped and trained air forces in Asia.Leary, 94.{{cite web |author=Duncan Stearn |date=22 August 2009 |title=Thailand and the First World War |url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/thailand.htm |access-date=19 July 2015 |work=First World War.com}}
In the 1930s the Royal Aeronautical Service began to replace French aircraft with American designs, purchasing more than 95 aircraft, including the Boeing P-12E, Curtiss Hawks, and Vought Corsairs. The air force was formally separated into its own branch, the Royal Siamese Air Force, in April 1937 and five operational wings were established. In 1939, when Siam became Thailand, the service was renamed the Royal Thai Air Force. At the end of 1940, the RTAF once again saw combat, this time in the Franco-Thai War, a border conflict against French Indochina. The RTAF operated in the Mekong Delta, attacking ground forces and gunboats and defending against French bombing raids, until a ceasefire was arranged in January 1941. Later that year, on 7 December, Thailand was invaded by Japan. The RTAF took an active role in the resistance. Combat Wings 1 and 5 engaged significantly more advanced Japanese aircraft over Thailand's eastern border, but suffered heavy losses, including almost 30 percent of Wing 5, before a cease-fire took effect the following day.Leary, 96.
Structure
{{See also|List of commanders-in-chief of the Royal Thai Air Force}}
The Air Force is commanded by the Commander of the Royal Thai Air Force (ผู้บัญชาการทหารอากาศไทย). The Royal Thai Air Force Headquarters is located in Don Muang Airbase, Bangkok, Thailand.
The RTAF consists of headquarters and five groups: command, combat, support, education and training, and special services.
=Headquarters Group=
- Royal Flight Aircraft Administrative Center
- Royal Flight Helicopter Administrative Center
- Air Warfare Center
- Office of Public Sector Development, RTAF
- Office of Intellectual Development, RTAF
=Command Group=
- RTAF Secretariat
- Directorate of Administrative Service
- Directorate of Personnel
- Directorate of Intelligence
- Directorate of Operations
- Directorate of Logistics
- Directorate of Civil Affairs
- Directorate of Information and Communications Technology
- Office of the RTAF Comptroller
- Directorate of Finance
- Directorate of Inspector General
- Office of RTAF Internal Audit
- Office of RTAF Safety
- Office of RTAF Judge Advocate
=Combat Group=
File:F-5E Royal Thai AF at Korat 2000.JPEG
The Royal Thai Air Force Combat Group is divided into 11 combat wings, 1 forward operating base wing, plus a flight training school and a few direct-reporting units.{{cite web|url=http://www.rtaf.mi.th/en/Pages/RTAFComponents.aspx|title=Royal Thai Air Force Organization|access-date=16 May 2020|website=rtaf.mil.th}}
| class="wikitable" | ||||
| style="background:#b9cbdc;"
|Wing | Role | Province | Base | Notes |
| Directorate of Air Operations Control | ||||
| Security Force Command
| | | | | ||||
| Space Operation Center
| | | | | ||||
| Royal Thai Air Force Academy
|Training | | ||||
| Flying Training School
|Training |Kamphang Saen |Composed of 1st, 2nd and 3rd Flying Training Squadrons | ||||
| Wing 1
|Interceptor/fighter | | ||||
| Wing 2
|Helicopter transport/SAR | | ||||
| Wing 3
|Unmanned aerial vehicle |Watthana Nakhon | | ||||
| Wing 4
|Light attack/interceptor | | ||||
| Wing 5
|Transport/special mission |Prachuap Khiri Khan | | ||||
| Wing 6
|Non-combat multi-role |Bangkok |Provides transport, mapping, communications, surveying | ||||
| Wing 7
|Interceptor/fighter |Surat Thani |Nicknamed "Ferocious Shark of the Andaman" and "House of Gripen" as they fly Gripen aircraft.{{cite news |last1=Nanuam |first1=Wassana |date=2016-02-11 |title=Air force readies to go digital |work=Bangkok Post |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/859956/air-force-readies-to-go-digital |access-date=11 February 2016}}{{cite web |date=2021-09-05 |title=RTAF Gripen Participates in Network Centric Exercise |url=https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2021/march/rtaf-gripen-participates-in-network-centric-exercise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210905155733/https://www.saab.com/newsroom/stories/2021/march/rtaf-gripen-participates-in-network-centric-exercise |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021}} | ||||
| Wing 21
|Interceptor | | ||||
| Wing 23
|Attack |Udon | | ||||
| Wing 41
|Light attack |Chiang Mai | | ||||
| Wing 46
|Transport/rainmaking |Phitsanulok | | ||||
| Wing 56
|Hat Yai | |
== Squadrons ==
The following squadrons are currently active with the Royal Thai Air Force.
{{Location map+ | Thailand | float=right | width=220| places=
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Don Muang |lat=13.9125|long=100.606667}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Korat |lat=14.930556|long=102.080833|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Takhli |lat=15.268056|long=100.292222|position=top}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Ubon |lat=15.251111|long=104.87|position=top}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Udorn |lat=17.386389|long=102.788333}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Hat Yai |lat=6.929316|long=100.407076}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Surat Thani |lat=9.1325|long=99.135556}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Chiang Mai |lat=18.778025|long=98.971391}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Prachuap Khiri Khan |lat=11.785017|long=99.810514}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Phitsanulok |lat=16.841248|long=100.265363|position=top}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Kamphang Saen |lat=14.098344|long=99.927136|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ | Thailand | label= Khok Ka Thiem |lat=14.867078|long=100.642110|position=left}}
|caption= Air bases of the Royal Thai Air Force}}
=Support Group=
- Directorate of Aeronautical Engineering
- Directorate of Communications and Electronics
- Directorate of Armament
- Directorate of Quartermaster
- Directorate of Civil Engineering
- Directorate of Transportation
- RTAF Software Center
= Directorate of Medical Services =
First set up in 1913 in the same year as the Air Force, providing nursing services only, and over the years has gradually expanded. It operates Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital and Royal Thai Air Force Hospital in Bangkok, as well as smaller hospitals at each wing. The directorate has made a teaching agreement with the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University to train students at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, accepting about 30 students per academic year.
= RTAF Software Center =
The Chief of the Air Force has envisioned and identified weaknesses in procurement software, which include limitations regarding copyright usage, maintenance, envisioning obstacles, and expanding usage to cover and cater to the needs of the Air Force. Consequently, there has been an initiation to ethically software development, independently, for the first time. This encompasses care from artificial intelligence systems, Big Data, Avionics software, strategic planning software, and support technology for the future, leading to the ISO 29110 software development standard. This initiative has also propelled the consideration to establish a comprehensive software-focused unit within the Air Force.
=Education and Training Group=
- Directorate of Education and Training
- Air War College
- Air Command and Staff College
- Senior Air Officer School
- Squadron Officer School
- Officer Training School
- Academy Instructor School
- Non-Commissioned Officer School
- Air Technical Training School
- RTAF Language Center
- Personal Testing Center
- Technical Service Division
- Chaplain Division
- Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Thai Air Force Academy
=Special Service Group=
- Research and Development Center for Space and Aeronautical Science and Technology
- Directorate of Welfare
- Office of Don Mueang RTAF Base Commander
- Institute of Aviation Medicine
= Security Force Command =
The RTAF Security Force Command (Thai: หน่วยบัญชาการอากาศโยธิน) is a Division size unit in the Royal Thai Air Force. It has been in existence since 1937. They are based near Don Mueang International Airport. The RTAF Security Force Command is the main air force ground forces and special forces which providing light infantry for anti-hijacking capabilities, protecting air bases and high value assets, protecting international airport in insurgent areas. It also serves as the Royal Thai Air Force Special Operations Regiment (RTAF SOR) which consists of various units such as Combat Control Team (CCT), Pararescue Jumpers (PJs), Tactical Air Control Party (TACP).{{cite web |date=27 December 2016 |title='บิ๊กแฟร้งค์' นำบิ๊กทัพฟ้าร่วมงานวันสถาปนาหน่วย 'อากาศโยธิน' ครบ 69 ปี |url=https://www.thairath.co.th/content/822625 |access-date=16 May 2020 |website=thairath.co.th |language=th}} Royal Thai Air Force Security Force Command consist of 3 main regiments and multiple support units. Additionally, one separated air base protection battalions and one separated anti-aircraft battalions are station in each air bases.
Royal Thai Air Force bases
{{main|Royal Thai Air Force Bases}}
The Royal Thai Air Force maintains a number of modern bases which were constructed between 1954 and 1968, have permanent buildings and ground support equipment.
All but one were built and used by United States forces until their withdrawal from Thailand in 1976 when the RTAF took over the installations at Takhli and Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat). In the late 1980s, these bases and Don Muang Air Base outside Bangkok, which the air force shares with civil aviation, remain the primary operational installations.
Maintenance of base facilities abandoned by the United States (Ubon, Udorn) proved costly and exceeded Thai needs; they were turned over to the Department of Civil Aviation for civil use. Nonetheless, all runways were still available for training and emergency use.
By 2004 the Royal Thai Air Force had its main base at Don Muang airport, adjacent to Don Mueang International Airport. The RTAF also had large air fields and facilities at Nakon Ratchasima Ubon Ratchathani, and Takhli.
Equipment
= Aircraft =
{{see also|List of aircraft of the Royal Thai Air Force}}
File:Exercise Cope Tiger (cropped).jpg]]
File:F-16's RTAF.jpg's Fighting Falcon]]
File:Royal Thai Air Force Sikorsky S-92 (cropped).png for the Royal flight]]
File:B.F20-6-52 (60451 & 6.) (14188233903).jpg]]
= Armament =
File:FileAGM-65 Maverick vector Illustration.svg
| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;"|Name ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;"|Origin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#aabccc;"|Type ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;"|Notes |
| style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Air-to-air missile |
|---|
| Python 4/3
| Israel |
| AIM-120C AMRAAM
|initial 50 missiles[http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php Trade Registers]. Armstrade.sipri.org. Retrieved on 2015-05-18. |
| AIM-9E/J/P/M Sidewinder |
| IRIS-T
| short range infrared homing missile |40 units – employs a thrust vector control motor |
| style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Air-to-surface missile |
| RBS-15F
| Sweden |
| AGM-65D/G Maverick |
Future
| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;"|Aircraft ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;"|Origin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;"|Type ! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;"|Variant ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;"|On order ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;"|Notes |
| style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Combat aircraft |
|---|
| JAS 39 Gripen
|(+12) | 12 Gripen E/F's have been selected to replace the F-16s of 102 Squadron, Wing 1, Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base{{cite web |last1=Arthur |first1=Gordon |title=Thai Air Force picks Saab Gripen E/F fighter jet to replace its F-16s |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2024/08/28/thai-air-force-picks-saab-gripen-e-fighter-jet-to-replace-its-f-16s/ |website=defensenews.com |date=28 August 2024 |publisher=Defense News |access-date=28 August 2024}} However, order not yet approved by government. |
| F-5/Alpha Jet replacement
|Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |Set to begin with FY2031 budget. |
| 403 Squadron F-16 replacement
|Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |Set to begin with FY2036 budget. |
| style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Transport aircraft |
| Airbus A330 MRTT
|Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |Set to replace the Airbus A340-500. Contract is expected to be signed by the end of 2025 with delivery commencing in 2028-2029.{{cite web |title=กองทัพอากาศไทยเตรียมจะจัดหาเครื่องบินลำเลียงและเติมเชื้อเพลิงกลางอากาศ Airbus A330 MRTT|url=https://aagth1.blogspot.com/2025/03/airbus-a330-mrtt.html |date=11 March 2025 |publisher=AAG_th |access-date=11 March 2025}} |
| Basler BT-67 replacement
|Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |Set to begin with FY2031 budget. |
| ATR 72-500 replacement
|Unknown |Unknown |Unknown |Set to begin with FY2031 budget. |
| style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="7" | Helicopter |
| Sikorsky S-70
| VIP / utility | S-70i |Unknown |Medium Sized VIP Helicopter acquisition. Set to begin with FY2025 budget. |
Budget
RTAF budgets are shown below by fiscal year (FY):{{cite book |title=RTAF White Paper 2020 |date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Royal Thai Air Force |url=http://www.rtaf.mi.th/th/Documents/Banner/20022020%20RTAF%20White%20Paper%20eng.pdf|pages=10–11}}
| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; background:#aabccc;"|FY ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;"|Million (baht) ! style="text-align: center; background:#aabccc;"|% GDP |
| 2018
| 39,931 | 0.243% |
| 2019
| 41,609 | 0.237% |
| 2020
| 42,539 | 0.240% |
| 2021
| |
Rank structure
{{main|Military ranks of the Thai armed forces}}
=Officers=
| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Blank}} {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Thailand}} |
=Other ranks=
| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Blank}} {{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OR/Thailand}} |
Aircraft insignia
=Roundels=
| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |
| File:Roundel of Thailand.svg |
|---|
| 1919 — 1940 1945 — present !1940 — 1941 !1941 — 1945 |
=Tail markings=
| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; text-align:center" |
| File:Fin Flash of Thailand.svg |
|---|
| 1919 — 1941 1945 — present !1941 — 1945 |
Sports
= Brazilian jiu-jitsu =
The Siam Cup BJJ (Brazilian jiu-jitsu) International tournament was held at the Show DC stadium in Bangkok from 2017 in cooperation with the Arete BJJ dōjō, hosted by the Royal Thai Air Force.{{cite web|last=Jehan|title=Siam cup Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Open|url=https://bjjasia.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Siam-cup-Brazilian-Jiu-Jitsu-Open.jpg|access-date=2021-06-07|website=BJJASIA|language=en-GB}}{{Cite news|title=Siam Cup 2018|url=https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/pr/detail/50057|access-date=2021-06-07|website=.Bangkokbiznews|date=November 2018|language=th}}{{cite web|title=Siam Cup Brazilian Jiu Jitsu 2019|url=https://bjjasia.com/event/siam-cup-brazilian-jiu-jitsu-2019/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=BJJASIA|language=en-GB}}{{cite web|title=Siam Cup 2020|url=https://bjjasia.com/event/siam-cup-2020/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=BJJASIA|language=en-GB}}{{cite web|title=Siam Cup 2021|url=https://bjjasia.com/event/siam-cup-2021/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=BJJASIA|language=en-GB}} Each year, the tournament brings together more than 400 fighters from more than 50 countries to compete.{{cite web|date=2021-01-15|title=Phuket Sport: The Way Of The Dojo|url=https://www.thephuketnews.com/the-way-of-the-dojo-78662.php|access-date=2021-06-07|website=The Phuket News Com|language=en}}{{cite web|title=Smoothcomp|url=https://smoothcomp.com/en/event/4167/participants|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Smoothcomp|language=en}}{{cite web|title=Siam Cup BJJ GI & No-Gi Tournament Summer Open|url=https://smoothcomp.com/en/event/4575|access-date=2021-06-07|website=Smoothcomp|language=en}} The Siam Cup BJJ 2021 was scheduled to take place on May 8, but due to restrictions imposed for COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic, the Thai government temporarily postponed all sporting events.{{cite web|title=Siam Cup 2021|url=https://bjjasia.com/event/siam-cup-2021/|access-date=2021-06-07|website=BJJASIA|language=en}}
See also
References
Notes
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
- Wieliczko, Leszek A. and Zygmunt Szeremeta. Nakajima Ki 27 Nate (bilingual Polish/English). Lublin, Poland: Kagero, 2004.
- {{Cite journal |last=Leary |first=William |date=1982 |title=A Short History of the Royal Thai Air Force |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44523716 |journal=Aerospace Historian |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=93–97 |jstor=44523716|isbn=83-89088-51-7}}.
{{Refend}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060328222128/http://www.rtaf.mi.th/eng/ RTAF Official website (English version)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080228062204/http://www.rtaf.mi.th/news/n07/gripen/rtaf_whitebook_f5_replacement.pdf Royal Thai Air Force Whitebook on Gripen program (Thai)]
- [http://www.rtaf.mi.th/news/n07/gripen/Gripen_39.pdf Royal Thai Air Force Press Release on Gripen program (Eng)]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117233431/http://www.rtaf.mi.th/news/n07/gripen/clipvdo.asp?bitrate=256k Royal Thai Air Force VDO on Gripen program (Thai)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060114200036/http://rtaf.mi.th/museum/ Royal Thai Air Force Museum] Many Historical Aircraft Here (English Page available)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184920/http://www.wings-aviation.ch/11-RTAF/Basis-en.htm Reports with drawings and pictures about the Royal Thai Air Force]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20050314044040/http://www.airportthai.co.th/airportnew/html/aat.html Early history of the Airports of Thailand Authority]
- [http://www.j-aircraft.com/research/jan_forsgren/j-aircraft_royal_thai.htm Japanese Aircraft In Royal Thai Air Force and Royal Thai Navy Service During WWII] at j-aircraft.com
{{Military of Thailand}}
{{Association of SouthEast Asian Nations Armed Forces}}
{{Air forces}}
{{Space forces}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Military units and formations established in 1913
Category:1913 establishments in Siam