voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʑ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ʑ

|ipa number=183

|decimal1=657

|x-sampa=z\

|kirshenbaum=

|braille=“

|braille2=z

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0291.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʑ}} ("z", plus the curl also found in its voiceless counterpart {{IPAalink|ɕ}}), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z\. It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiced palatal fricative, and as such it can be transcribed in IPA with {{angbr IPA|ʝ˖}}.

Features

Image:Alveolopalatal fricative.svg

Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal fricative:

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	{{lang\|ab\|ажьа}}	{{IPA\|[aˈʑa]}}	'hare'	See Abkhaz phonology
colspan="2" \| Adyghe	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|жьау}}	{{IPA\|[ʑaːw]}}	'shadow'
rowspan="2" \| Catalan	Eastern{{Harvcoltxt\|Recasens\|Espinosa\|2007\|pp=145, 167}}	{{lang\|ca\|ajut}}	{{IPA\|[əˈʑut]}}	'help' (n.)	rowspan="2" \| See Catalan phonology
All dialects	{{lang\|ca\|caixmir}}	{{IPA\|[kə(j)ʑˈmiɾ]}}	'Cashmere'
rowspan=2\| Chinese	Jiangshan	十	{{IPA\|[ʑyœʔ]}}	'ten'
Taiwanese Hokkien	{{lang\|nan-Hani\|今仔日}}/{{lang\|nan-Latn\|kin-á-ji̍t}}	{{IPA\|[kɪn˧a˥ʑɪt˥]}}	'today'
colspan=2\| Czech \| {{lang\|cs\|život}} \| {{IPA\|[ʑɪvot]}} \| 'life' \| See Czech phonology
English	Ghana{{Harvcoltxt\|Huber\|2004\|p=859}}	vision	{{IPA\|[ˈviʑin]}}	'vision'	Educated speakers may use {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}, which this phoneme corresponds to in other dialects.
colspan="2" \| Japanese	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|火事}}/{{lang\|ja-Latn\|kaji}}	{{IPA\|[kaʑi]}}	'fire'	Found in free variation with {{IPAblink\|d͡ʑ}} between vowels. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabardian	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|жьэ}}	{{IPA\|[ʑa]}}	'mouth'
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Zygis\|2003\|pp=180–181}}	źasety	{{IPA\|[ʑäs̪ɛt̪ɨ]}}{{fix\|text=stress?}}	'tenth'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|héijen}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhɜ̝ɪ̯ʑən]}}	'high'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} after phonologically front vowels; some speakers merge it with {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}. Occurs in only a few words.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Pa Na	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʑu˧˥]}}	'small'
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|źrebię}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-źrebię.ogg\|[ˈʑrɛbjɛ̃]}}	'foal'	Also denoted by the digraph {{angbr\|zi}}. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{Harvcoltxt\|Mateus\|d'Andrade\|2000}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Silva\|2003\|p=32}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Guimarães\|2004}}	{{lang\|pt\|magia}}	{{IPA\|[maˈʑi.ɐ]}}	'magic'	Also described as palato-alveolar {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Medina\|2010}} See Portuguese phonology
Romani	Kalderash{{Harvcoltxt\|Boretzky\|Igla\|1994\|p=XVII}}	{{lang\|rmy\|ʒal}}	{{IPA\|[ʑal]}}	'he/she/it goes'	Realized as {{IPAblink\|d͡ʒ}} in conservative dialects.
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=30}}	{{lang\|ro\|geană}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʑanə]}}	'eyelash'	Realized as {{IPAblink\|d͡ʒ}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian	Conservative Moscow Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=224}}	{{lang\|ru\|позже}}	{{IPA\|[poʑːe]}}	'later'	Somewhat obsolete in many words, in which most speakers realize it as hard {{IPAblink\|ʐ\|ʐː}}. Present only in a few words, usually written {{angbr\|жж}} or {{angbr\|зж}}. See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Sema{{Harvcoltxt\|Teo\|2014\|p=23}}	{{lang\|nsm\|aji}}	{{IPA\|[à̠ʑì]}}	'blood'	Possible allophone of {{IPA\|/ʒ/}} before {{IPA\|/i, e/}}; can be realized as {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|d͡ʑ}} ~ {{IPAplink\|ʒ}} ~ {{IPAplink\|d͡ʒ}}]}} instead.
rowspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian	Serbian and Croatian{{Harvcoltxt\|Landau\|Lončarić\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=68}}	{{lang\|sh\|puž će}}	{{IPA\|[pûːʑ t͡ɕe̞]}}	'the snail will'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʒ/}} before {{IPA\|/t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ/}}. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Some speakers of Montenegrin	{{lang\|cnr\|źenica}}/{{lang\|cnr\|з́еница}}	{{IPA\|[ʑȇ̞nit̻͡s̪a̠]}}	'pupil'	Phonemically {{IPA\|/zj/}} or, in some cases, {{IPA\|/z/}}.
Spanish	Paraguayan{{cite web\|url=https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/voces_hispanicas/paraguay/asuncion.htm\|title=Catálogo de voces hispánicas: Paraguay, Asunción\|website=Instituto Cervantes\|language=Spanish\|access-date=18 January 2020}}	carro	{{IPA\|[ˈkaʑo]}}	'car'	Dialectal realization of {{IPA\|/r/}} and allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} after {{IPA\|/t/}}.
Tatar \|Kazan dialect (standard Tatar) \|җан / can \|[ʑan] \|'soul' \|In Mishar Dialect, letter җ / c is [d͡ʒ].Leitzinger, Antero: Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. {{ISBN\|952-9752-08-3}}. (p. 45)
colspan="2" \| Uzbek{{Harvcoltxt\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=11}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}
Xumi	Upper{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|p=383}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʑɐ̝˦]}}	'beer, wine'
colspan="2" \| Yi	{{lang\|ii\|ꑳ}}/{{lang\|ii-Latn\|yi}}	{{IPA\|[ʑi˧]}}	'tobacco'

Notes

References

{{citation

|last1=Boretzky

|first1=Nobert

|last2=Igla

|first2=Birgit

|year=1994

|title=Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten

|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag

|isbn=3-447-03459-9

|location=Wiesbaden

}}

{{citation

|last1 = Chirkova

|first1 = Katia

|last2 = Chen

|first2 = Yiya

|last3 = Kocjančič Antolík

|first3 = Tanja

|year = 2013

|title = Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume = 43

|issue = 3

|pages = 381–396

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100313000169

|doi-access= free

|url= https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136680/file/Chirkova%26Chen%26Kocjancic%20Antolik%20Upper%20Xumi%20HAL.pdf

}}

{{citation

|last=Cruz-Ferreira

|first=Madalena

|year=1995

|title=European Portuguese

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=25

|issue=2

|pages=90–94

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300005223

|s2cid=249414876

}}

{{citation

|last1=Gilles

|first1=Peter

|last2=Trouvain

|first2=Jürgen

|year=2013

|title=Luxembourgish

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=43

|issue=1

|pages=67–74

|doi=10.1017/S0025100312000278

|url=http://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/1143/1/Illustrations_Luxembourgish%20-%2017%20-%20revised%20version%20after%202nd%20revision%20-%20mit%20Bilder.pdf

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{{citation

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|title = Seqüências de (Sibilante + Africada Alveopalatal) no Português Falado em Belo Horizonte

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|publisher = Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

|url = http://www.projetoaspa.org/cristofaro/orientacao/ma/concluida/guimaraes_ma_2004.pdf

|access-date = 2014-04-04

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084011/http://www.projetoaspa.org/cristofaro/orientacao/ma/concluida/guimaraes_ma_2004.pdf

|archive-date = 2014-04-07

|url-status = dead

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{{citation

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|editor2-last=Burridge

|editor2-first=Kate

|editor3-last=Kortmann

|editor3-first=Bernd

|editor4-last=Mesthrie

|editor4-first=Rajend

|editor5-last=Upton

|editor5-first=Clive

|year=2004

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|chapter=Ghanaian English: phonology

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|pages=842–865

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

{{citation

|last=Jassem

|first=Wiktor

|year=2003

|title=Polish

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=33

|issue=1

|pages=103–107

|doi=10.1017/S0025100303001191

|doi-access=free

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{{citation

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|last2=Lončarić

|first2=Mijo

|last3=Horga

|first3=Damir

|last4=Škarić

|first4=Ivo

|year=1999

|chapter=Croatian

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{{citation

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|title = Análise Acústica de Sequências de Fricativas Seguidas de {{IPA|[i]|cat=no}} Produzidas por Japoneses Aprendizes de Português Brasileiro

|series = Anais do IX Encontro do CELSUL Palhoça, SC

|place = Palhoça

|publisher = Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina

|url = http://www.celsul.org.br/Encontros/09/artigos/Flavio%20Medina.pdf

|access-date = 2014-12-06

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201642/http://www.celsul.org.br/Encontros/09/artigos/Flavio%20Medina.pdf

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{{citation

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{{citation

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{{citation

|last1=Yanushevskaya

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{{citation

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External links

{{phoible|ʑ}}

Category:Alveolo-palatal consonants

Category:Fricative consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Co-articulated consonants

Category:Voiced oral consonants

Category:Central consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Abkhaz	{{lang\|ab\|ажьа}}	{{IPA\|[aˈʑa]}}	'hare'	See Abkhaz phonology
colspan="2" \| Adyghe	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|жьау}}	{{IPA\|[ʑaːw]}}	'shadow'
rowspan="2" \| Catalan	Eastern{{Harvcoltxt\|Recasens\|Espinosa\|2007\|pp=145, 167}}	{{lang\|ca\|ajut}}	{{IPA\|[əˈʑut]}}	'help' (n.)	rowspan="2" \| See Catalan phonology
All dialects	{{lang\|ca\|caixmir}}	{{IPA\|[kə(j)ʑˈmiɾ]}}	'Cashmere'
rowspan=2\| Chinese	Jiangshan	十	{{IPA\|[ʑyœʔ]}}	'ten'
Taiwanese Hokkien	{{lang\|nan-Hani\|今仔日}}/{{lang\|nan-Latn\|kin-á-ji̍t}}	{{IPA\|[kɪn˧a˥ʑɪt˥]}}	'today'
colspan=2\| Czech \| {{lang\|cs\|život}} \| {{IPA\|[ʑɪvot]}} \| 'life' \| See Czech phonology
English	Ghana{{Harvcoltxt\|Huber\|2004\|p=859}}	vision	{{IPA\|[ˈviʑin]}}	'vision'	Educated speakers may use {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}, which this phoneme corresponds to in other dialects.
colspan="2" \| Japanese	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|火事}}/{{lang\|ja-Latn\|kaji}}	{{IPA\|[kaʑi]}}	'fire'	Found in free variation with {{IPAblink\|d͡ʑ}} between vowels. See Japanese phonology
colspan="2" \| Kabardian	{{lang\|kbd-Cyrl\|жьэ}}	{{IPA\|[ʑa]}}	'mouth'
colspan="2" \| Lower Sorbian{{Harvcoltxt\|Zygis\|2003\|pp=180–181}}	źasety	{{IPA\|[ʑäs̪ɛt̪ɨ]}}{{fix\|text=stress?}}	'tenth'
colspan="2" \| Luxembourgish{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}}	{{lang\|lb\|héijen}}	{{IPA\|[ˈhɜ̝ɪ̯ʑən]}}	'high'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʁ/}} after phonologically front vowels; some speakers merge it with {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}. Occurs in only a few words.{{sfnp\|Gilles\|Trouvain\|2013\|pp=67–68}} See Luxembourgish phonology
colspan="2" \| Pa Na	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʑu˧˥]}}	'small'
colspan="2" \| Polish{{Harvcoltxt\|Jassem\|2003\|p=103}}	{{lang\|pl\|źrebię}}	{{Audio-IPA\|Pl-źrebię.ogg\|[ˈʑrɛbjɛ̃]}}	'foal'	Also denoted by the digraph {{angbr\|zi}}. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Portuguese{{Harvcoltxt\|Mateus\|d'Andrade\|2000}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Silva\|2003\|p=32}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Guimarães\|2004}}	{{lang\|pt\|magia}}	{{IPA\|[maˈʑi.ɐ]}}	'magic'	Also described as palato-alveolar {{IPAblink\|ʒ}}.{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=91}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Medina\|2010}} See Portuguese phonology
Romani	Kalderash{{Harvcoltxt\|Boretzky\|Igla\|1994\|p=XVII}}	{{lang\|rmy\|ʒal}}	{{IPA\|[ʑal]}}	'he/she/it goes'	Realized as {{IPAblink\|d͡ʒ}} in conservative dialects.
Romanian	Transylvanian dialects{{sfnp\|Pop\|1938\|p=30}}	{{lang\|ro\|geană}}	{{IPA\|[ˈʑanə]}}	'eyelash'	Realized as {{IPAblink\|d͡ʒ}} in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian	Conservative Moscow Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Yanushevskaya\|Bunčić\|2015\|p=224}}	{{lang\|ru\|позже}}	{{IPA\|[poʑːe]}}	'later'	Somewhat obsolete in many words, in which most speakers realize it as hard {{IPAblink\|ʐ\|ʐː}}. Present only in a few words, usually written {{angbr\|жж}} or {{angbr\|зж}}. See Russian phonology
colspan="2" \| Sema{{Harvcoltxt\|Teo\|2014\|p=23}}	{{lang\|nsm\|aji}}	{{IPA\|[à̠ʑì]}}	'blood'	Possible allophone of {{IPA\|/ʒ/}} before {{IPA\|/i, e/}}; can be realized as {{IPA\|[{{IPAplink\|d͡ʑ}} ~ {{IPAplink\|ʒ}} ~ {{IPAplink\|d͡ʒ}}]}} instead.
rowspan="2" \| Serbo-Croatian	Serbian and Croatian{{Harvcoltxt\|Landau\|Lončarić\|Horga\|Škarić\|1999\|p=68}}	{{lang\|sh\|puž će}}	{{IPA\|[pûːʑ t͡ɕe̞]}}	'the snail will'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ʒ/}} before {{IPA\|/t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ/}}. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Some speakers of Montenegrin	{{lang\|cnr\|źenica}}/{{lang\|cnr\|з́еница}}	{{IPA\|[ʑȇ̞nit̻͡s̪a̠]}}	'pupil'	Phonemically {{IPA\|/zj/}} or, in some cases, {{IPA\|/z/}}.
Spanish	Paraguayan{{cite web\|url=https://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/voces_hispanicas/paraguay/asuncion.htm\|title=Catálogo de voces hispánicas: Paraguay, Asunción\|website=Instituto Cervantes\|language=Spanish\|access-date=18 January 2020}}	carro	{{IPA\|[ˈkaʑo]}}	'car'	Dialectal realization of {{IPA\|/r/}} and allophone of {{IPA\|/ɾ/}} after {{IPA\|/t/}}.
Tatar \|Kazan dialect (standard Tatar) \|җан / can \|[ʑan] \|'soul' \|In Mishar Dialect, letter җ / c is [d͡ʒ].Leitzinger, Antero: Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. {{ISBN\|952-9752-08-3}}. (p. 45)
colspan="2" \| Uzbek{{Harvcoltxt\|Sjoberg\|1963\|p=11}}	{{example needed\|date=November 2013}}
Xumi	Upper{{Harvcoltxt\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|p=383}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʑɐ̝˦]}}	'beer, wine'
colspan="2" \| Yi	{{lang\|ii\|ꑳ}}/{{lang\|ii-Latn\|yi}}	{{IPA\|[ʑi˧]}}	'tobacco'

voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

Features

Occurrence

See also

Notes

References

External links