voiceless palatal nasal

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɲ̊⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol = ɲ̊

|ipa symbol2 = ɲ̥

|x-sampa=J_0

}}

The voiceless palatal nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are {{angbr IPA|ɲ̊}} and {{angbr IPA|ɲ̥}}, which are combinations of the letter for the voiced palatal nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J_0.

If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal may be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|n̠̊ʲ}} (devoiced, retracted and palatalized {{angbr IPA|n}}), or {{angbr IPA|ɲ̟̊}} (devoiced and advanced {{angbr IPA|ɲ}}); these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are n_-' or n_-_j and J_0_+, respectively. A non-IPA letter {{angbr IPA|ȵ̊}} (devoiced {{angbr IPA|ȵ}}, which is an ordinary "n", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives {{angle brackets|{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}}}) can also be used.

Features

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Features of the voiceless palatal nasal:

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Baniwa{{Sfnp\|Souza\|2012\|p=82}} \|Hohodene \| colspan="2" align="center" \|{{IPA\|[ĩ:ɲ̊ə]}} \|'to eat' \|
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=111}}	{{lang\|my\|ညှာ}}/nya:	{{IPA\|[ɲ̊à]}}	'considerate'
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=124}}{{sfnp\|Þráinsson\|Petersen\|Jacobsen\|Hansen\|2012\|p=?}}	{{lang\|fo\|einki / onki}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔɲ̊t͡ʃɪ]}}	'nothing'	See Faroese phonology
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬗𖬣𖬰}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|hnyav}}	{{IPA\|[ɲ̥a˨˦]}}	'heavy'	Contrasts with voiced {{IPA\|/ɲ/}}. In Green Hmong, it has merged with /ɲ/.{{sfnp\|Ratliff\|2003\|p=24}}
colspan="2" \| Iaai	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɲ̊øːk]}}	'to dedicate'
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=109}}	{{lang\|is\|banki}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpäu̯ɲ̊cɪ]}}	'bank'	See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Jalapa Mazatec{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=107}}	{{lang\|maj\|hñá}}	{{IPA\|[ɲ̊á]}}	'brush'
Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʃɐ̃˦ɲ̟̊ɛ˦]}}	'clean'	Alveolo-palatal; occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}

Notes

References

{{Citation

|last=Árnason

|first=Kristján

|title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese

|year=2011

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0-19-922931-4

}}

{{Citation

|last1 = Chirkova

|first1 = Katia

|last2 = Chen

|first2 = Yiya

|year = 2013

|title = Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume = 43

|issue = 3

|pages = 363–379

|url = http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi1.pdf

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100313000157

|doi-access= free

}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{SOWL}}
{{cite book |year=2003 |editor-last1=Bradley |editor-first1=David |editor-last2=LaPolla |editor-first2=Randy |editor-last3=Michialovsky |editor-first3=Boyd |editor-last4=Thurgood |editor-first4=Graham |publisher=Australian National University |title=Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff |last=Ratliff |first=Martha |editor-link1=David Bradley (linguist) |editor-link2=Randy LaPolla |editor-link4=Graham Thurgood |author-link=Martha Ratliff |chapter=Hmong secret languages: themes and variations |pages=21–34 |isbn=0-85883-540-1 |doi=10.15144/PL-555.21 |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/146727}}
{{cite thesis|title=Estudo fonológico da Língua Baniwa-Kuripako|type=Master's dissertation|year=2012|publisher=University of Campinas|doi=10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2012.898354|hdl=20.500.12733/1619268|doi-access=free|hdl-access=free|first=Erick Marcelo Lima de|last=Souza|lang=pt-BR}}
{{Citation

|last1=Þráinsson

|first1=Höskuldur

|last2=Petersen

|first2=Hjalmar P.

|last3=Jacobsen

|first3=Jógvan í Lon

|last4=Hansen

|first4=Zakaris Svabo

|year=2012

|title=Faroese – An Overview and Reference Grammar

|location=Tórshavn

|publisher=Føroya fróðskaparfelag

|isbn=9789991841854

}}

External links

{{phoible|ɲ̊}}
{{phoible|ɲ̥}}

Category:Palatal consonants

Category:Nasal consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
Baniwa{{Sfnp\|Souza\|2012\|p=82}} \|Hohodene \| colspan="2" align="center" \|{{IPA\|[ĩ:ɲ̊ə]}} \|'to eat' \|
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=111}}	{{lang\|my\|ညှာ}}/nya:	{{IPA\|[ɲ̊à]}}	'considerate'
colspan="2" \| Faroese{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=124}}{{sfnp\|Þráinsson\|Petersen\|Jacobsen\|Hansen\|2012\|p=?}}	{{lang\|fo\|einki / onki}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɔɲ̊t͡ʃɪ]}}	'nothing'	See Faroese phonology
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬗𖬣𖬰}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|hnyav}}	{{IPA\|[ɲ̥a˨˦]}}	'heavy'	Contrasts with voiced {{IPA\|/ɲ/}}. In Green Hmong, it has merged with /ɲ/.{{sfnp\|Ratliff\|2003\|p=24}}
colspan="2" \| Iaai	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ɲ̊øːk]}}	'to dedicate'
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=109}}	{{lang\|is\|banki}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpäu̯ɲ̊cɪ]}}	'bank'	See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Jalapa Mazatec{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=107}}	{{lang\|maj\|hñá}}	{{IPA\|[ɲ̊á]}}	'brush'
Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[ʃɐ̃˦ɲ̟̊ɛ˦]}}	'clean'	Alveolo-palatal; occurs mostly in loanwords from Tibetan.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}