voiceless retroflex plosive

The symbol that represents this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is {{angbr IPA|ʈ }}. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of "t" (the letter used for the equivalent alveolar consonant). In many fonts lowercase "t" already has a rightward-pointing hook, but {{angbr IPA|ʈ}} is distinguished from {{angbr IPA|t}} by extending the hook below the baseline.

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Features of the voiceless retroflex stop:

{{plosive}}

• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or {{citation needed span|laminal (flat)|reason=needs source showing laminal can result in a successful block of air, and easy to articulation enough to present in natural languages.|date=October 2023}}.

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{pulmonic}}

• Index of phonetics articles

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{citation

|last=Eliasson

|first=Stig

|editor-last=Anderson

|editor-first=Henning

|year=1986

|chapter=Sandhi in Peninsular Scandinavian

|title=Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe

|place=Berlin

|publisher=de Gruyter

|pages=271–300

}}

• {{citation

|last=Keane

|first=Elinor

|year=2004

|title=Tamil

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=34

|issue=1

|pages=111–116

|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001549

|doi-access=free

}}

• {{Citation

| last = François

| first = Alexandre

| author-link =

| contribution = Verbal aspect and personal pronouns: The history of aorist markers in north Vanuatu

| editor1-last = Pawley

| editor1-first = Andrew

| editor2-last = Adelaar

| editor2-first = Alexander

| title = Austronesian historical linguistics and culture history: A festschrift for Bob Blust

| contribution-url= http://alex.francois.online.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2009_Aorist-pronouns_Festschrift-Blust.pdf

| volume = 601

| pages = 179–195

| publisher = Pacific Linguistics

| place = Canberra

| year = 2009

| series =

| ref = aorist

}}

• {{citation

|last=François

|first=Alexandre

|year=2016

|contribution = The historical morphology of personal pronouns in northern Vanuatu

| editor1-last = Pozdniakov

| editor1-first = Konstantin

| title = Comparatisme et reconstruction : tendances actuelles

| volume = 47

| pages = 25–60

| publisher = Peter Lang

| place = Bern

| series = Faits de Langues

| contribution-url= https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/AlexFrancois_2016_History-personal-pronouns_north-Vanuatu_published.pdf

| ref=pronouns

}}.

• {{citation

|last=Khatiwada

|first=Rajesh

|year=2009

|title=Nepali

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=39

|issue=3

|pages=337–380

|doi=10.1017/s0025100309990181

|doi-access=free

}}

• {{citation

|last=Ladefoged

|first=Peter

|author-link=Peter Ladefoged

|year=2005

|title=Vowels and Consonants

|edition=2nd

|publisher=Blackwell

}}

• {{citation

|last=Lunsford

|first=Wayne A.

|title=An overview of linguistic structures in Torwali, a language of Northern Pakistan

|journal=M.A. Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington

|year=2001

|url=http://www.fli-online.org/documents/languages/torwali/wayne_lunsford_thesis.pdf

}}

• {{citation

|last=Mazumdar

|first=Bijaychandra

|title=The history of the Bengali language

|date=2000

|orig-year=First published 1920

|location=New Delhi

|publisher=Asian Educational Services

|isbn=8120614526

|url-access=registration

|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofbengali0000mazu

}}

• {{citation

|last=Thompson

|first=Laurence

|year=1959

|title=Saigon phonemics

|journal=Language

|volume=35

|issue=3

|pages=454–476

|doi=10.2307/411232

|jstor=411232

}}

• {{citation

|last=Tiwari

|first=Bholanath

|year=2004

|orig-year=First published 1966

|title=Hindī Bhāshā

|place=Kitāb Mahal

|publisher=Kitāb Mahal

|isbn=81-225-0017-X

}}

{{refend}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060303132323/http://kiri.ling.cam.ac.uk/mark/SOE3.pdf Phonology of English, including dialectical variations]
• {{phoible|ʈ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

Category:Retroflex consonants

Category:Voiceless stops

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants