:President's rule

{{Short description|Indian law of suspension of state government}}

{{redirect|Direct rule in India|direct rule over India in the colonial period|British Raj}}

In India, President's rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Union government rule in a state. Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, if a state government is unable to function according to Constitutional provisions, the Union government can take direct control of the state machinery. Subsequently, executive authority is exercised through the centrally appointed governor, who has the authority to appoint other administrators to assist them. The administrators are usually nonpartisan retired civil servants not native to the state.

When a state government is functioning correctly, it is run by an elected Council of Ministers responsible to the state's legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha). The council is led by the chief minister, who is the chief executive of the state; the Governor is only a constitutional head. However, during President's rule, the Council of Ministers is dissolved, later on vacating the office of Chief Minister. Furthermore, the Vidhan Sabha is either prorogued or dissolved, necessitating a new election.

Prior to 2019, the constitution of the state of Jammu and Kashmir had a similar system of Governor's rule, under its Section 92. The state's governor issued a proclamation, after obtaining the consent of the President of India allowing Governor's rule for a period of up to six months after which President's rule under Article 356 of the Constitution of India can be imposed. After the revocation of Article 370, President's rule applies to Jammu and Kashmir under section 73 (since Article 356 of Constitution of India does not apply to union territories) of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.

Following the 1994 landmark judgment in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, the Supreme Court of India restricted arbitrary impositions of President's rule.

Chhattisgarh and Telangana are the only states where the President's rule has never been imposed so far.Das, Anjishnu (29 August 2023). [https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/13-years-in-jk-10-times-in-manipur-up-history-of-presidents-rule-8912688/ "13 years in J&K, 10 times in Manipur, UP: History of President's Rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122614/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/13-years-in-jk-10-times-in-manipur-up-history-of-presidents-rule-8912688/ |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. Retrieved 2 May 2024. Manipur is the state where it has been invoked the most number of times, currently under the rule since February 2025 for the eleventh time.

Imposition in state

In practice, President's rule has been imposed in a State under any one of the following different circumstances:

A state Assembly is unable to elect a leader as Chief Minister for a time prescribed by the Governor of that State, at the Will of Governor.
Breakdown of a coalition leading to the Chief Minister not having majority support in the Assembly; and the Chief minister fails/will definitely fail to prove otherwise, within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.
Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the house.
Elections postponed for unavoidable reasons like war, epidemic, pandemic or natural disasters.
On the report of the Governor of the State that the State's constitutional machinery or legislature fails to abide by Constitutional norms.

If approved by both Houses, President's rule can continue for 6 months. It can be extended for a maximum of 3 years with the approval of the Parliament done every 6 months; however in extreme rare cases it can be extended repeatedly if the Election Commission of India recommends that elections are not possible. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved during this time, the rule is valid for 30 days from the first sitting of the new Lok Sabha provided that this continuance has already been approved by Rajya Sabha. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced a new provision to put a restraint on the power of Parliament to extend the President's rule in a state. According to this provision, the president's rule can only be extended over a year, under the following conditions:

There is already a national emergency throughout India, or in the whole or any part of the state.
The Election Commission certifies that elections cannot be conducted in the state.

President's rule can be revoked at any time by the President and does not need Parliament's approval.

Until the mid-1990s, President's rule was often imposed in states through the abuse of authority of Governors who were in collusion with the Union government. The Supreme Court of India in March 1994 established a precedent in S. R. Bommai v. Union of India, due to which such abuse has been drastically reduced.

Imposition in Union territories with a Legislative Assembly

Article 356 is not applicable to Union territories, so there are many ways by which President's rule can be imposed in different Union territories with a Legislative Assembly.

=Jammu and Kashmir=

Until the revocation of special status and bifurcation into two Union territories, President's rule applied after the application of Governor's rule under the erstwhile state's constitution for 6 months.

After the revocation and bifurcation, the reorganized union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is subject to the section 73 of the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019, which is used to impose President's rule as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories. The provision states:

{{blockquote|73. If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, or otherwise, is satisfied,—

(a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the Union territory

of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this

Act, or

(b) that for the proper administration of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir it

is necessary or expedient so to do,

the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act

for such period as he thinks fit and makes such incidental and consequential provisions as

may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in accordance with the provisions of this Act.}}

= Delhi =

In NCT of Delhi, President's rule is applied on the basis of Article 239AB of the Constitution of India (as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories) which reads thus:

{{blockquote|239AB. – If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor or otherwise, is satisfied—

(a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the National Capital Territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of article 239AA or of any law made in pursuance of

that article; or

(b) that for the proper administration of the National Capital Territory it is necessary or expedient

so to do, the President may by order suspend the operation of any provision of Article 239AA or of all or any of the

provisions of any law made in pursuance of that article for such period and subject to such conditions as maybe specified in such law and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the National Capital Territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239 and article 239AA.}}

=Puducherry=

In the union territory of Puducherry, President's rule is applied on the basis of Article 51 of the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963.{{Cite book|last=Ministry of Law and Justice|first=Legislative Department|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1963-20.pdf|title=Government of Union Territories Act, 1963|publisher=Authority|year=1963|location=New Delhi|page=34|access-date=25 February 2021|archive-date=4 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204034549/https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1963-20.pdf|url-status=live}} Which thus reads

{{blockquote|51. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery. — If the President, on receipt of a report from the Administrator of the Union territory or otherwise, is satisfied,―

(a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the Union territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or

(b) that for the proper administration of the Union territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act for such period as he thinks fit and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the Union territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239.}}

Criticism

Article 356 gives wide powers to the Union government to assert its authority over a state if civil unrest occurs and the state government does not have the means to end it. Though the purpose of this article is to give more powers to the Union government to preserve the unity and integrity of the nation, it has often been misused by the ruling parties at the centre, who used it as a pretext to dissolve state governments ruled by political opponents.{{cite news |title=Limitations of Article 356 |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/op/2003/05/06/stories/2003050600010200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030919103858/http://hindu.com/thehindu/op/2003/05/06/stories/2003050600010200.htm |url-status=dead |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=2003-09-19 }}{{Cite news |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Ashutosh |last2=Sinha |first2=Amitabh |last3=Mohanty |first3=Debabrata |date=29 March 2016 |title=Over 100 blows old, Article 356 is a hammer that all govts love |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/over-100-blows-old-article-356-is-a-hammer-that-all-govts-love/ |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=Indian Express |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504231745/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/over-100-blows-old-article-356-is-a-hammer-that-all-govts-love/ |url-status=live }} Thus, it is seen by many as a threat to the federal state system. Since the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950, the Union government has used this 134 times to dissolve elected state governments by imposing President's rule.

The article was used for the first time in Punjab on 20 June 1951. It was also used in the state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) and during the Vimochana Samaram to dismiss the democratically elected Communist state government of Kerala on 31 July 1959. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was common for the Union government to dismiss state governments led by opposition parties.{{cite web |title=Sarkaria Commission Report – Chapter VI : Emergency Provisions |url=http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/Sarkaria/CHAPTERVI.pdf |access-date=28 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820195906/http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/Sarkaria/CHAPTERVI.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2014 |url-status=dead }} The Indira Gandhi regime and post-emergency Janata Party were noted for this practice. Indira Gandhi's government between 1966 and 1977 is known to have imposed President's rule 39 times in different states.{{cite book |last1=Harriss |first1=John |author-link1=John Harriss |year=2010 |chapter=Political change, political structure, and the Indian state since Independence |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 |editor-last1=Brass |editor-first1=Paul R. |editor-link1=Paul Brass |title=Routledge Handbook of South Asian Politics: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal |edition=ebook |publisher=Routledge |pages=55–66 |doi=10.4324/9780203878187 |isbn=978-0-203-87818-7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223204/https://books.google.com/books?id=cpF8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Google Books |quote-page=61 |quote=...{{nbsp}}Article 356, authorizing "President's Rule," through which governments at the centre have regularly dissolved state governments{{nbsp}}... Indira Gandhi used this instrument 39 times between 1966 and 1977 }}. Similarly, the Janata Party which came to power after the emergency issued President's rule in 9 states which were ruled by Congress.

The practice was limited only after the Supreme Court established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule in its ruling on the S. R. Bommai v. Union of India case in 1994. This landmark judgement has helped curtail the widespread abuse of Article 356. The judgement established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule. Subsequent pronouncements by the Supreme Court in Jharkhand and other states have further limited the scope for misuse of Article 356. Only since the early 2000s has the number of cases of imposition of President's rule has been drastically reduced.{{Cite news |last=Vishwanath |first=Apurva |date=12 December 2023 |title=What was the SR Bommai judgment, which the SC relied on in its Article 370 ruling? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-was-the-bommai-judgment-which-the-sc-relied-on-in-its-article-370-ruling-9064090/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=Indian Express |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504221307/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-was-the-bommai-judgment-which-the-sc-relied-on-in-its-article-370-ruling-9064090/ |url-status=live }}

Article 356 has always been the focal point of a wider debate of the federal structure of government in Indian polity.{{cite web |url=http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b2-5.htm |title=National Commission to Review the Working of the Article 356 of the constitution |year=2001 |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509030437/http://lawmin.nic.in/ncrwc/finalreport/v2b2-5.htm |archive-date=9 May 2015 |url-status=dead }} The Sarkaria Commission Report on Centre-State Relations 1983 has recommended that Article 356 must be used "very sparingly, in extreme cases, as a measure of last resort, when all the other alternatives fail to prevent or rectify a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the state".{{cite web |title=Sarkaria Commission Report – Chapter VI: Emergency Provisions |url=http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/Sarkaria/CHAPTERVI.pdf |access-date=28 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820195906/http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/Sarkaria/CHAPTERVI.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2014 |url-status=dead }} B. R. Ambedkar also said that it would be like a "dead letter" (i.e. would be used rarely).{{Cite web |title=Constituent Assembly Debates: Volume 9- 04 Aug 1949 |url=https://www.constitutionofindia.net/debates/04-aug-1949/ |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=constitutionofindia.net |publisher=Centre for Law and Policy Research |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504233106/https://www.constitutionofindia.net/debates/04-aug-1949/ |url-status=live }}

List of instances

{{legend|#9BDDFF|Denotes currently imposed President rule|border=black}}

class="wikitable sortable"

! width="100"| State

! width="100"| Term

! width="100"| Date of imposition

! width="100"| Date of revocation

! width="100"| Duration

! Reason(s) to impose the President's rule

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2"| Andhra Pradesh

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|18 January 1973}}

| {{Date table sorting|10 December 1973}}

| {{ayd|18 January 1976|10 December 1976}}

| Breakdown of law & order due to Jai Andhra Agitation, in CM P. V. Narasimha Rao's tenure.Narayana Rao, K. V. (August 1977). "Mulki agitation in the Telangana and Andhra regions". [https://core.ac.uk/download/18321084.pdf Internal migration policies in an Indian state: A study of the Mulki rules in Hyderabad and Andhra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124114/https://core.ac.uk/download/18321084.pdf |date=2 May 2024 }} (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Center for International Studies. p. 63. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|28 February 2014}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 June 2014}}

| {{ayd|28 February 2014|8 June 2014}}

| Political impasse following the resignation of CM Kiran Kumar Reddy and several other congress party legislators from the Government as well as the Party, in protest against Indian Parliament passing Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill to bifurcate united Andhra Pradesh and create a separate Telangana state.{{cite web |title=President's Rule imposed in Andhra Pradesh under Article 356 of Constitution |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/presidents-rule-imposed-in-andhra-pradesh-under-article-356-of-constitution/ |work=IANS |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |access-date=28 February 2014 |archive-date=18 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418081617/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/presidents-rule-imposed-in-andhra-pradesh-under-article-356-of-constitution/ |url-status=live }} President's rule revoked from Telangana areas on 2 June 2014 and bifurcated Andhra Pradesh areas on 8 June 2014.{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Andhra-Pradesh-mired-in-President-rule-imbroglio/articleshow/33933171.cms |title=Andhra Pradesh mired in President rule imbroglio |newspaper=The Times of India |date=19 April 2014 |access-date=21 September 2014 |archive-date=6 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706013450/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Andhra-Pradesh-mired-in-President-rule-imbroglio/articleshow/33933171.cms |url-status=live }} President rule reimposed unlawfully by the President after the two months time limit without taking approval of the Parliament under Article 356.{{cite web |url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/159233.pdf |title=Re-proclamation of President rule in Andhra Pradesh |year=2014 |access-date=17 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041027/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2014/159233.pdf |url-status=live }}{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Andhra-Pradesh-mired-in-President-rule-imbroglio/articleshow/33933171.cms |title=Andhra Pradesh mired in President rule imbroglio |access-date=21 September 2014 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=6 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706013450/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Andhra-Pradesh-mired-in-President-rule-imbroglio/articleshow/33933171.cms |url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| Andhra State

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|15 November 1954}}

| {{Date table sorting|28 March 1955}}

| {{ayd|15 November 1954|28 March 1955}}

| Loss of majority.[https://books.google.com/books?id=LmJlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&article_id=1495,3303156 "When Centre stepped in"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122617/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LmJlAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&article_id=1495,3303156&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPn8ChqOOFAxXXfWwGHarDDRQQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 17 March 1970. p. 7. Retrieved 2 May 2024.Dua, Bhagwan D. (Spring 1977). [https://archive.org/details/Dua1977/mode/2up?view=theater Presidential rule in India: A study in crisis politics] (PhD thesis). University of Alberta. Retrieved 2 May 2024.{{Rp|pages=127–133}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2"| Arunachal Pradesh

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|3 November 1979}}

| {{Date table sorting|18 January 1980}}

| {{ayd|3 November 1979|18 January 1980}}

| Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment during Janata party rule at the centre.Chawla, Prabhu (30 November 1979). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791130-presidents-rule-brings-to-an-end-political-melodrama-in-arunachal-pradesh-822394-2014-02-22 "President's rule brings to an end political melodrama in Arunachal Pradesh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124134/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791130-presidents-rule-brings-to-an-end-political-melodrama-in-arunachal-pradesh-822394-2014-02-22 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|25 January 2016}}

| {{Date table sorting|19 February 2016}}

| 26 days

| 21 Congress MLAs joined hands with 11 of the BJP and two Independents, making the contemporary government a minority.{{cite web |title=It's against Constitution: Politicians react to Prez rule in Arunachal |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/it-s-against-constitution-politicians-react-to-prez-rule-in-arunachal/story-rvOfvxYX8A3r7P60hqQGDI.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=25 January 2016 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126040716/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/it-s-against-constitution-politicians-react-to-prez-rule-in-arunachal/story-rvOfvxYX8A3r7P60hqQGDI.html |url-status=live }} Supreme Court declared the imposition of president rule as ultra vires and reinstated the dismissed Congress led government in the state. In a landmark judgement, it found fault with the unconstitutional role played by the Governor by interfering in the activities of legislatures and speaker of the Vidhan Shaba{{cite web |title=After Arunachal Pradesh debacle, PM Modi must abolish post of governor |date=14 July 2016 |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-arunachal-pradesh-debacle-modi-must-abolish-post-of-governor-2892642.html |access-date=15 July 2016 |archive-date=17 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717094634/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/after-arunachal-pradesh-debacle-modi-must-abolish-post-of-governor-2892642.html |url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="4"| Assam

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|12 December 1979}}

| {{Date table sorting|6 December 1980}}

| {{ayd|12 December 1979|6 December 1980}}

| 'Assam Agitation' against illegal foreign nationals staying in Assam started to take roots under the leadership of the All Assam Students' Union (AASU). The violence fuelled by United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) resulted in breakdown of law and order.{{cite journal |last1=Baruah |first1=Sanjib |author-link1=Sanjib Baruah |date=November 1986 |title=Immigration, Ethnic Conflict, and Political Turmoil—Assam, 1979–1985 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1184–1206 |doi=10.2307/2644315 |jstor=2644315 }}{{rp|p=1193}}{{Cite journal |last1=Darnell |first1=Alfred T. |last2=Parikh |first2=Sunita |date=July 1988 |title=Religion, ethnicity, and the role of the state: Explaining conflict in Assam |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=263–281 |doi=10.1080/01419870.1988.9993604 }}{{rp|p=274}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|30 June 1981}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 January 1982}}

| {{ayd|30 June 1981|13 January 1982}}

| Congress (I) government led by Anwara Taimur representing immigrant minorities collapsed following intensification of 'Assam Agitation' against illegal foreign national staying in Assam.Sen, Sumanta (31 July 1981). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19810731-assam-set-for-another-spell-of-political-uncertainty-after-fall-of-congressi-ministry-773104-2013-11-15 "Assam set for another spell of political uncertainty after fall of Congress(I) ministry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063648/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/19810731-assam-set-for-another-spell-of-political-uncertainty-after-fall-of-congressi-ministry-773104-2013-11-15 |date=13 June 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|19 March 1982}}

| {{Date table sorting|27 February 1983}}

| {{ayd|19 March 1982|27 February 1983}}

| Congress (I) government led by Kesab Gogoi representing ethnic Asom people collapsed following continued violence in Assam.Sen, Sumanta (15 April 1982). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820415-assam-congressi-ministry-led-by-keshab-gogoi-falls-presidents-rule-to-return-771658-2013-10-16 "Assam: Congress(I) ministry led by Keshab Gogoi falls, President's Rule to return"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224620/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820415-assam-congressi-ministry-led-by-keshab-gogoi-falls-presidents-rule-to-return-771658-2013-10-16 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|28 November 1990}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 June 1991}}

| {{ayd|28 November 1990|30 June 1991}}

| Government dismissed in spite of AGP CM Prafulla Mahanta enjoying majority support in Assembly. The dismissal was triggered apparently by the threat to internal security due to banned organisation ULFA's activities.Sengupta, Uttam (15 December 1990). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19901215-assam-crisis-puts-government-in-catch-22-situation-813400-1990-12-14 "Assam crisis puts government in catch-22 situation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084742/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19901215-assam-crisis-puts-government-in-catch-22-situation-813400-1990-12-14 |date=3 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024. During the president's rule, Operation Bajrang was launched to flush out ULFA militants.Ahmed, Farzand (31 March 1991). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910331-three-months-after-army-moved-in-operation-bajrang-makes-little-headway-and-ulfa-remains-potent-force-814242-1991-03-30 "Three months after army moved in, Operation Bajrang makes little headway and ULFA remains potent force"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175328/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910331-three-months-after-army-moved-in-operation-bajrang-makes-little-headway-and-ulfa-remains-potent-force-814242-1991-03-30 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="8"| Bihar

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|29 June 1968}}

| {{Date table sorting|26 February 1969}}

| {{ayd|29 June 1968|26 February 1969}}

| Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment.Siwach, J. R. (1979). [http://14.139.58.199:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/317 Politics of President's Rule in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063656/http://14.139.58.199:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/317 |date=13 June 2024 }}. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/7583232 7583232]. Retrieved 2 May 2024.{{Rp|pages=116–117}}{{Rp|pages=300–301}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|4 July 1969}}

| {{Date table sorting|16 February 1970}}

| {{ayd|4 July 1969|16 February 1970}}

| Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment due to split in ruling Congress party{{Rp|pages=123–125}}{{Rp|pages=321–326}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|9 January 1972}}

| {{Date table sorting|19 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|9 January 1972|19 March 1972}}

| Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment.{{Rp|pages=129–130}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|24 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|24 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Jagannath Mishra enjoying majority support in Assembly.Borders, William (1 May 1977). [https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/01/archives/constitutional-conflict-ends-in-india-as-acting-president-accepts.html "Constitutional Conflict Ends in India as Acting President Accepts Order Dissolving Nine State Legislatures"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122616/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/01/archives/constitutional-conflict-ends-in-india-as-acting-president-accepts.html |date=2 May 2024 }}. New York Times. p. 4. Retrieved 2 May 2024.{{cite journal |last1=Tummala |first1=Krishna K. |date=October 1996 |title=The Indian Union and Emergency Powers |journal=International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science Politique |volume=17 |issue=4, New Trends in Federalism / Les nouvelles formes du fédéralisme |pages=373–384 |doi=10.1177/019251296017004003 |jstor=1601275 }}

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|8 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Ram Sundar Das enjoying majority support in Assembly.Louis, Arul B.; Chawla, Prabhu (15 March 1980). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800315-pm-indira-gandhi-dismisses-governments-in-nine-states-looks-to-put-congress-in-power-806503-2014-02-06 "PM Indira Gandhi dismisses governments in nine states, looks to put Congress in power"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122626/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19800315-pm-indira-gandhi-dismisses-governments-in-nine-states-looks-to-put-congress-in-power-806503-2014-02-06 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|28 March 1995}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 April 1995}}

| {{ayd|28 March 1995|4 April 1995}}

| President's rule imposed for a brief period of one week to facilitate passage of vote on account (to permit day-to-day government expenses in Bihar) by Parliament while awaiting the results of Assembly elections held during the Chief Ministership of Lalu Prasad.Ahmed, Farzand (15 April 1995). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19950415-stand-off-between-t-n-seshan-and-laloo-prasad-yadav-leaves-trail-of-woes-for-common-man-807148-1995-04-14 "Stand-off between T. N. Seshan and Laloo Prasad Yadav leaves trail of woes for common man"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085736/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19950415-stand-off-between-t-n-seshan-and-laloo-prasad-yadav-leaves-trail-of-woes-for-common-man-807148-1995-04-14 |date=3 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|12 February 1999}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 March 1999}}

| {{ayd|12 February 1999|8 March 1999}}

| Breakdown of law and order, killings of 11 Dalits at Narayanpur. The Vajpayee Government, revoked the president's rule within 26 days since the coalition did not have a majority in the Rajya Sabha.Zarhani, Seyedhossein (December 2015). [https://core.ac.uk/download/79191805.pdf Dynamics of Governance and Development in India: A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar after 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124119/https://core.ac.uk/download/79191805.pdf |date=2 May 2024 }} (PDF) (PhD thesis). Heidelberg University. pp. 186–187. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 8

| {{Date table sorting|7 March 2005}}

| {{Date table sorting|24 November 2005}}

| {{ayd|7 March 2005|24 November 2005}}

| Indecisive outcome of elections. In a landmark judgement, Supreme Court ruled that the imposition of the president's rule without giving the chance to the elected legislatures to form new government is unconstitutional and mala fide act by the president.{{cite web|title=Rameshwar Prasad And Ors vs Union Of India And Anr on 24 January, 2006|url=http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1885130/|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=16 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074238/http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1885130/|url-status=live}}

style="text-align:center"

| Delhi

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|16 February 2014}}

| {{Date table sorting|14 February 2015}}

| {{ayd|16 February 2014|14 February 2015}}

| | Arvind Kejriwal resigned as Chief Minister after failing to table the Jan Lokpal Bill in the Delhi Assembly.Kumar, Devesh (17 February 2014). [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/presidents-rule-imposed-in-delhi-after-arvind-kejriwals-resignation-551077 "President's Rule imposed in Delhi after Arvind Kejriwal's resignation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122619/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/presidents-rule-imposed-in-delhi-after-arvind-kejriwals-resignation-551077 |date=2 May 2024 }}. NDTV. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3" |Goa

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|14 December 1990}}

| {{Date table sorting|25 January 1991}}

| {{ayd|14 December 1990|25 January 1991}}

| C.M. resigned consequent upon his disqualification by High Court – No other Government found viable.Rahman, M. (15 January 1991). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910115-polls-only-solution-for-confused-goa-assembly-813887-1991-01-14 "Polls only solution for confused Goa assembly"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124132/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19910115-polls-only-solution-for-confused-goa-assembly-813887-1991-01-14 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|10 February 1999}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1999}}

| {{ayd|10 February 1999|9 June 1999}}

| Loss of majority and no alternate claimant to form next government.Abreu, Robin (22 February 1999). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19990222-credible-rule-becomes-a-thing-of-the-past-in-goa-780220-1999-02-21 "Credible rule becomes a thing of the past in Goa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122637/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/story/19990222-credible-rule-becomes-a-thing-of-the-past-in-goa-780220-1999-02-21 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|4 March 2005}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 June 2005}}

| {{ayd|4 March 2005|7 June 2005}}

| Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM Pratap Sinh Rane.Sharma, Ravi (1 July 2005). [https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30205252.ece "Another government in Goa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122619/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30205252.ece |date=2 May 2024 }}. Frontline. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/goa-cong-accept-presidents-rule/articleshow/1042090.cms "Goa Cong accept President's Rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122618/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/goa-cong-accept-presidents-rule/articleshow/1042090.cms |date=2 May 2024 }}. Times of India. 5 March 2005. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2" |Goa, Daman and Diu

| {{Date table sorting|3 December 1966}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 April 1967}}

| {{ayd|3 December 1966|5 April 1967}}

|The Union Territory of Goa's Assembly was dissolved to conduct an opinion poll to determine whether Goa should be merged with Maharashtra.{{cite journal |last1=Rubinoff |first1=Arthur G. |date=May 1992 |title=Goa's Attainment of Statehood |journal=Asian Survey |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=471–487 |doi=10.2307/2644978 |jstor=2644978 }}{{rp|pp=476–477}}

style="text-align:center"

| {{Date table sorting|27 April 1979}}

| {{Date table sorting|16 January 1980}}

| {{ayd|27 April 1979|16 January 1980}}

|Loss of majority following split in the ruling MGP Party.Panchal, Chinu (31 May 1979). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19790531-shashikala-kakodkar-toppled-from-chief-ministership-of-goa-by-babu-naik-822064-2014-03-12 "Shashikala Kakodkar toppled from chief ministership of Goa by Babu Naik"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124133/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19790531-shashikala-kakodkar-toppled-from-chief-ministership-of-goa-by-babu-naik-822064-2014-03-12 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="5"| Gujarat

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|13 May 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|13 May 1971|17 March 1972}}

| Loss of majority following vertical split in Congress during 1969 presidential election.{{Rp|pages=138–140}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|9 February 1974}}

| {{Date table sorting|18 June 1975}}

| {{ayd|9 February 1974|18 June 1975}}

| Chimanbhai Patel led Congress government resigned due to Navnirman Movement Anti-Corruption protests. The protesters forced MLA's resignations, forcing dissolution of assembly.Guha, Ramachandra (2007). "The Rivals". [https://archive.org/details/indiaaftergandhi0000rama_g6k5/page/476/mode/2up?view=theater India after Gandhi: The history of the world's largest democracy]. New York: HarperCollins. p. 476. {{ISBN|978-0-230-01654-5}}. {{OCLC|77012193}}. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|12 March 1976}}

| {{Date table sorting|24 December 1976}}

| {{ayd|12 March 1976|24 December 1976}}

| "Non-Passage" of budget leading to collapse of government.[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19760331-janta-front-govt-in-gujarat-suffers-a-two-vote-defeat-819106-2015-04-01 "Janta Front govt in Gujarat suffers a two vote defeat"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122617/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19760331-janta-front-govt-in-gujarat-suffers-a-two-vote-defeat-819106-2015-04-01 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. 31 March 1976. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|7 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Babubhai J Patel enjoying majority support in the Assembly

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|19 September 1996}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 October 1996}}

| {{ayd|19 September 1996|23 October 1996}}

| Government dismissed following a controversial confidence vote. The Assembly was placed in suspended animation, which led to subsequent installation of Vaghela government, supported by Congress.[https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30158873.ece "Going by the book, read anew, but large issues remain"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063649/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30158873.ece |date=13 June 2024 }}. Frontline. 1 November 1997. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Haryana

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|21 November 1967}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 May 1968}}

| {{ayd|21 November 1967|21 May 1968}}

| Government dismissed in spite of having a tenuous majority.{{Rp|pages=153-155}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|21 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of B D Gupta enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|6 April 1991}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 June 1991}}

| {{ayd|6 April 1991|23 June 1991}}

| Rebellion in the ruling party.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eX1lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uJ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1026%2C2190952 "Haryana placed under President's rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122614/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eX1lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uJ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1026,2190952 |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 7 April 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2"| Himachal Pradesh

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|22 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|22 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Thakur Ram Lal enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|15 December 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|3 December 1993}}

| {{ayd|15 December 1992|3 December 1993}}

| Government dismissed in the aftermath of the destruction of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan in Uttar Pradesh.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DH9lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vp0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2290%2C1141578 "Three BJP govts dismissed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122614/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DH9lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vp0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2290,1141578 |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 16 December 1992. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="7" | Jammu and Kashmir
(State)

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|27 March 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 July 1977}}

| {{ayd|27 March 1977|9 July 1977}}

| Sheikh Abdullah led National Conference government bowed out after being reduced to a minority following withdrawal of support by the Congress Party.{{Rp|pages=431-432}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|7 March 1986}}

| {{Date table sorting|6 November 1986}}

| {{ayd|7 March 1986|6 November 1986}}

| Loss of majority.Dubey, Suman (31 March 1986). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19860331-congressi-withdraws-support-from-gm-shah-govt-paves-way-for-governors-rule-in-j-k-800732-1986-03-30 "Congress(I) withdraws support from G.M. Shah govt, paves way for governor's rule in J&K"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175315/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19860331-congressi-withdraws-support-from-gm-shah-govt-paves-way-for-governors-rule-in-j-k-800732-1986-03-30 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|19 January 1990}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 October 1996}}

| {{ayd|19 January 1990|9 October 1996}}

| Increased Militancy, Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus & breakdown of law & order{{Cite web |title=Jammu & Kashmir under Governor's rule for eighth time |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jammu-kashmir-under-governor-s-rule-for-eighth-time-1265259-2018-06-20 |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=India Today |date=20 June 2018 |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811143423/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jammu-kashmir-under-governor-s-rule-for-eighth-time-1265259-2018-06-20 |url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|10 July 2008}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 January 2009}}

| {{ayd|10 July 2008|5 January 2009}}

| Loss of majority following collapse of coalition. CM Gulam Nabi Azad's decision to transfer land for Amarnath pilgrimage led to PDP pulling out of coalition Govt.Ganguly, Sumit (7 May 2009). "Slow learning: lessons from India's counterinsurgency operations in Kashmir". In Fidler, David P.; Ganguly, Sumit (eds.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HKl5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA87 India and Counterinsurgency: Lessons Learned]. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 87. {{ISBN|978-1-134-00809-4}}. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|9 January 2015}}

| {{Date table sorting|1 March 2015}}

| {{ayd|9 January 2015|1 March 2015}}

| Failure of Government formation after fractured verdict in Assembly elections. BJP & PDP reached an understanding to form an alliance to form Government in J&K.{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/governors-rule-imposed-in-jammu-and-kashmir/article6771894.ece|title=Governor's rule in J&K|first=Vinay|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 January 2015|access-date=5 April 2018|via=www.thehindu.com|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605091508/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/governors-rule-imposed-in-jammu-and-kashmir/article6771894.ece|url-status=live}}

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|8 January 2016}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 April 2016}}

| {{ayd|8 January 2016|4 April 2016 }}

| Death of chief minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed.Ashiq, Peerzada (1 April 2016). [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Jammu-and-Kashmir-political-situation-Mehbooba-to-be-sworn-in-as-JampK%E2%80%99s-first-woman-CM-on-April-4/article60333385.ece "Mehbooba to be sworn in as J&K's first woman CM on April 4"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122627/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/Jammu-and-Kashmir-political-situation-Mehbooba-to-be-sworn-in-as-JampK%E2%80%99s-first-woman-CM-on-April-4/article60333385.ece |date=2 May 2024 }}. The Hindu. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 8

| {{Date table sorting|19 June 2018}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 October 2019}}

|{{ayd|19 June 2018|30 October 2019}}

|Resignation of the Chief Minister following loss of coalition partner.{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-pulls-out-of-alliance-with-pdp-in-jammu-and-kashmir/articleshow/64646733.cms|title=Mehbooba Mufti resigns after BJP pulls out of alliance with PDP in Jammu and Kashmir |work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-19|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109012633/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-pulls-out-of-alliance-with-pdp-in-jammu-and-kashmir/articleshow/64646733.cms|url-status=live}} On 31 October 2019, Jammu and Kashmir state was split into two union territories, UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of Ladakh.

style="text-align:center"

| Jammu and Kashmir
(Union Territory)

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|31 October 2019}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 October 2024}}

| {{ayd|31 October 2019|13 October 2024}}

| Imposed under section 73 of Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 (Article 356 does not apply to Union Territories)

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Jharkhand

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|19 January 2009}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 December 2009}}

| {{ayd|19 January 2009|30 December 2009}}

| Political instability due to CM Shibu Soren's resignation following defeat in Tamar bypolls.[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/presidents-rule-imposed-in-jharkhand/articleshow/4002015.cms?from=mdr "President's rule imposed in Jharkhand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502201244/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/presidents-rule-imposed-in-jharkhand/articleshow/4002015.cms?from=mdr |date=2 May 2024 }}. The Economic Times. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|1 June 2010}}

| {{Date table sorting|11 September 2010}}

| {{ayd|1 June 2010|11 September 2010}}

| Loss of majority.[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Presidents-rule-in-Jharkhand/article16240271.ece "President's rule in Jharkhand"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063656/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Presidents-rule-in-Jharkhand/article16240271.ece |date=13 June 2024 }}. The Hindu. 1 June 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|18 January 2013}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 July 2013}}

| {{ayd|18 January 2013|13 July 2013}}

| Loss of majority BJP's ruling coalition partner JMM withdrew its support to the government pushing it into a minority. Chief Minister Arjun Munda resigned and sought dissolution of the state Assembly.{{cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|title=Jharkhand put under President's rule again|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Jharkhand/President-s-rule-imposed-in-Jharkhand/Article1-993008.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118182209/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Jharkhand/President-s-rule-imposed-in-Jharkhand/Article1-993008.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2013|access-date=18 January 2013|newspaper=Hindustan Times|date=18 January 2013}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="6" | Karnataka

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|27 March 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|20 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|27 March 1971|20 March 1972}}

| Loss of majority.{{Rp|pages=392, 395–396}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|31 December 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|27 February 1978}}

| {{ayd|31 December 1977|27 February 1978}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Congress CM Devraj Urs enjoying majority support in Assembly.{{Rp|pages=221–225}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|21 April 1989}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 November 1989}}

| {{ayd|21 April 1989|30 November 1989}}

| Loss of majority of CM S. R. Bommai, followed by dissolution of Assembly.Rajghatta, Chidanand; Chawla, Prabhu (15 May 1989). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19890515-janata-dal-government-in-karnataka-falls-governor-venkatasubbiah-role-faces-severe-flak-816073-1989-05-14 "Janata Dal government in Karnataka falls, Governor Venkatasubbiah's role faces severe flak"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223205/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19890515-janata-dal-government-in-karnataka-falls-governor-venkatasubbiah-role-faces-severe-flak-816073-1989-05-14 |date=25 September 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024. On an appeal by S. R. Bommai, in a landmark judgement delivered in 1994, the Indian Supreme Court laid out the procedure to be followed before dissolving an elected assembly. The historic ruling in this case reduced the scope for misuse of Article 356 by future central governments and governors.

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|10 October 1990}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 October 1990}}

| {{ayd|10 October 1990|17 October 1990}}

| Government of Veerendra Patil dismissed by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and state was placed under president's rule with the assembly placed in suspended animation until next chief Minister was elected.Kumar, Yeshwanth; Awasthi, Dilip (31 October 1990). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19901031-spate-of-communal-violence-hits-karnataka-uttar-pradesh-813195-1990-10-30 "Spate of communal violence hits Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085734/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19901031-spate-of-communal-violence-hits-karnataka-uttar-pradesh-813195-1990-10-30 |date=3 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|9 October 2007}}

| {{Date table sorting|12 November 2007}}

| {{ayd|9 October 2007|12 November 2007}}

| Loss of majority.[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/presidents-rule-imposed-in-karnataka/articleshow/2444200.cms?from=mdr "President's rule imposed in Karnataka"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411040857/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/presidents-rule-imposed-in-karnataka/articleshow/2444200.cms?from=mdr |date=11 April 2023 }}. India Today. 10 October 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/presidents-rule-in-karnataka-revoked/articleshow/2528030.cms "President's rule in Karnataka revoked"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063649/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/presidents-rule-in-karnataka-revoked/articleshow/2528030.cms |date=13 June 2024 }}. Times of India. 8 November 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|20 November 2007}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 May 2008}}

| {{ayd|20 November 2007|30 May 2008}}

| Loss of majority.[https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/karnataka-again-under-president-s-rule/story-GIcAU9ce7fzGanaVtnSH7M.html?utm_source=admitad&utm_medium=442763_3CejPAogEAC0eSZbHqLcRYB4mYpaVRWGp1R3Ds4522Y7rk&utm_campaign=606e39ba96429fa5195df7cfcc966937&tagtag_uid=606e39ba96429fa5195df7cfcc966937 "Karnataka again under President's rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503184948/https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/karnataka-again-under-president-s-rule/story-GIcAU9ce7fzGanaVtnSH7M.html?utm_source=admitad&utm_medium=442763_3CejPAogEAC0eSZbHqLcRYB4mYpaVRWGp1R3Ds4522Y7rk&utm_campaign=606e39ba96429fa5195df7cfcc966937&tagtag_uid=606e39ba96429fa5195df7cfcc966937 |date=3 May 2024 }}. Hindustan Times. 20 November 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="6" | Kerala

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|31 July 1959}}

| {{Date table sorting|22 February 1960}}

| {{ayd|31 July 1959|22 February 1960}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Communist CM EMS Namboodiripad enjoying majority support in Assembly.{{cite journal |last1=Jeffrey |first1=Robin |author-link1=Robin Jeffrey |date=March 1991 |title=Jawaharlal Nehru and the smoking gun: Who pulled the trigger on Kerala's communist government in 1959? |journal=The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=72–85 |doi=10.1080/14662049108447602 }}{{cite journal |last1=Shefi |first1=A. E. |date=December 2019 |title={{transliteration|ml|Vimochana Samaram}} and First Communist Ministry in Kerala: A Historical Analysis |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=80 |publication-date=2022 |pages=1150–1158 |jstor=27192970 }}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|10 September 1964}}

| {{Date table sorting|6 March 1967}}

| {{ayd|10 September 1964|6 March 1967}}

| Loss of majority followed by indecisive outcome of elections.{{Rp|pages=173–174}}{{Rp|pages=214–215}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|4 August 1970}}

| {{Date table sorting|3 October 1970}}

| {{ayd|4 August 1970|3 October 1970}}

| Loss of majority.{{Rp|pages=194–195}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|5 December 1979}}

| {{Date table sorting|25 January 1980}}

| {{ayd|5 December 1979|25 January 1980}}

| Loss of majority.Kartha, G. S. (31 December 1979). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791231-political-instability-brings-kerala-under-presidents-rule-again-for-fourth-time-822305-2014-02-11 "Political instability brings Kerala under President's rule again for fourth time"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122628/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19791231-political-instability-brings-kerala-under-presidents-rule-again-for-fourth-time-822305-2014-02-11 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|21 October 1981}}

| {{Date table sorting|28 December 1981}}

| {{ayd|21 October 1981|28 December 1981}}

| Loss of majority due to withdrawal of support by Congress(S) and Kerala Congress(M).{{cite book |last1=Varkey |first1=Ouseph |year=2019 |orig-year=first published by Westview Press in 1984 |chapter=The Rise and Decline of the Left and Democratic Front in Kerala |title=State Politics In Contemporary India: Crisis Or Continuity? |editor-last1=Wood |editor-first1=John R. |edition=ebook |publisher=Routledge |pages=109–118 |doi=10.4324/9780429307454 |isbn=978-0-429-30745-4}}{{Cite book |url=https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2936435 |title=Revocation of the Proclamation made by the President on the 21st October, 1981, in relation to the State of Kerala under article 356 of the Constitution |date=1981 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs |location=New Delhi |page=11 |access-date=4 May 2024 |url-access=registration |via=National Archives of India |archive-date=13 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064714/https://www.abhilekh-patal.in/jspui/handle/123456789/2936435 |url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{date table sorting|17 March 1982}}

| {{date table sorting|24 May 1982}}

| {{ayd|17 March 1982|24 May 1982}}

|Loss of majority following defection of Lonappan Nambadan.{{Cite news |last1=Mehar |first1=Rakesh |last2=Balan |first2=Saritha S. |date=19 June 2017 |title=Kerala Chronicles: How an Assembly Speaker kept a Congress govt afloat for 3 months in 1982 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/kerala-chronicles-how-assembly-speaker-kept-congress-govt-afloat-3-months-1982-63902 |access-date=4 May 2024 |work=The News Minute |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231124706/https://www.thenewsminute.com/features/kerala-chronicles-how-assembly-speaker-kept-congress-govt-afloat-3-months-1982-63902 |url-status=live }}{{cite journal |last=Kamath |first=P. M. |date=October 1985 |title=Politics of Defection in India in the 1980s |journal=Asian Survey |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1039–1054 |doi=10.2307/2644180 |jstor=2644180 }}{{rp|p=1052}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Madhya Pradesh

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|23 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Shyama Charan Shukla enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|9 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Sundar Lal Patwa enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|15 December 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 December 1993}}

| {{ayd|15 December 1992|7 December 1993}}

| Govt. dismissed in the aftermath of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan destruction in Uttar Pradesh.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Maharashtra

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|9 June 1980}}

| Govt. dismissed in spite of Sharad Pawar enjoying majority support in the Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|28 September 2014}}

| {{Date table sorting|31 October 2014}}

| {{ayd|28 September 2014|31 October 2014}}

| Govt. dismissed since Congress Separated from its allies NCP and Others.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/presidents-rule-imposed-in-maharashtra/articleshow/43713750.cms "President's rule imposed in Maharashtra"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122615/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/presidents-rule-imposed-in-maharashtra/articleshow/43713750.cms |date=2 May 2024 }}. Times of India. 28 September 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|12 November 2019}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 November 2019}}

| 11 days

| No party could form a government after a fractured election verdict and Shiv Sena broke the pre-poll alliance it had with the BJP.Singh, Vijaita (12 November 2019). [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/presidents-rule-imposed-in-maharashtra/article61620369.ece "Maharashtra placed under President's Rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625070934/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/presidents-rule-imposed-in-maharashtra/article61620369.ece |date=25 June 2022 }}. The Hindu. Retrieved 2 May 2024. See also: 2019 Maharashtra political crisis.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="10" |Manipur

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|25 October 1967}}

| {{Date table sorting|19 February 1968}}

| {{ayd|25 October 1967|19 February 1968}}

| Short lived ministry collapsed following resignation of speaker, resulting in neither ruling nor opposition congress having a clear majority in the assembly. Assembly kept in suspended animation.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19671026&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Centre takes over Manipur rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218053746/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19671026&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=18 December 2022 }}. Indian Express. 26 October 1967. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|16 October 1969}}

| {{Date table sorting|20 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|16 October 1969|20 March 1972}}

| Violent secessionist insurgency and statehood demands resulted in breakdown of law and order.{{Rp|pages=206–207}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|28 March 1973}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 March 1974}}

| {{ayd|28 March 1973|4 March 1974}}

| President's rule was imposed even though the opposition had a "tenuous" majority and could have formed a government.{{Rp|pages=208-209}}

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|16 May 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|26 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|16 May 1977|26 June 1977}}

| Collapse of Government following defections.{{cite journal |last1=Yambem |first1=Sanamani |date=11 June 1977 |title=Back to President's Rule |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=12 |issue=24 |page=945 |jstor=4365678 }}{{Rp|pages=213–214}}

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|14 November 1979}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 January 1980}}

| {{ayd|14 November 1979|13 January 1980}}

| Discontent within Janata Party Government and corruption charges led to dismissal of government and dissolution of Assembly.{{cite journal |last1=Dhavan |first1=Rajeev |author-link1=Rajeev Dhavan |date=October–December 1989 |title=President's Rule: Recent Trends |journal=Journal of the Indian Law Institute |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=521–533 |jstor=43951266 }}{{rp|pp=523–524}}

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|28 February 1981}}

| {{Date table sorting|19 June 1981}}

| {{ayd|28 February 1981|19 June 1981}}

| Incumbent Government fell following defections. Governor did not permit an alternate government to be formed by People's Democratic Front on the basis of his assessment regarding stability of the proposed ministry.Laithangbam, Swarnalata (31 March 1981). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810331-presidents-rule-imposed-in-manipur-congressi-and-pdf-stake-claim-to-rule-772801-2013-11-25 "President's rule imposed in Manipur, Congress(I) and PDF stake claim to rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122634/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810331-presidents-rule-imposed-in-manipur-congressi-and-pdf-stake-claim-to-rule-772801-2013-11-25 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 8

| {{Date table sorting|7 January 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 April 1992}}

| {{ayd|7 January 1992|8 April 1992}}

| Incumbent coalition Government fell following defections. president's rule imposed keeping assembly in suspension.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920108&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Manipur placed under Delhi rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175314/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19920108&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 8 January 1992. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 9

| {{Date table sorting|31 December 1993}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 December 1994}}

| {{ayd|31 December 1993|13 December 1994}}

| 1000 persons died in Naga-Kuki clashes and continued violence.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940101&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "Manipur placed under Central rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122622/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19940101&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 1 January 1994. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 10

| {{Date table sorting|2 June 2001}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 March 2002}}

| {{ayd|2 June 2001|5 March 2002}}

| Loss of majority.Chaudhuri, Kalyan (16 February 2002). [https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30243973.ece "Uncertain in Manipur"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122633/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30243973.ece |date=2 May 2024 }}. Frontline. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

|style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" |11

|style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" |13 February 2025

|style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" |Incumbent

|style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" |{{ayd|13 Feb 2025}}

|style="background-color:#9BDDFF;" |Chief Minister N. Biren Singh resigned following the 2023–2025 Manipur violence amidst a crisis of possible no-confidence motion.{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-02-13 |title=President’s rule imposed in Manipur |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/manipur/presidents-rule-imposed-in-manipur/article69215923.ece |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2" | Meghalaya

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|11 October 1991}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 February 1992}}

| {{ayd|11 October 1991|5 February 1992}}

| The Centre imposed president's rule in Meghalaya in the wake of a political crisis after the then Speaker PR Kyndiah suspended five MLAs, mostly independents, on grounds of defection.{{cite web|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/meghalaya-clamped-under-presidents-rule/15752671.shtml#sthash.lD2Rcimi.dpuf|title=Meghalaya clamped under President's Rule|website=www.merinews.com|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=5 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605092843/http://www.merinews.com/article/meghalaya-clamped-under-presidents-rule/15752671.shtml#sthash.lD2Rcimi.dpuf|url-status=dead}}Majumdar, Sarbari (15 November 1991). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911115-biased-rulings-spark-trouble-in-meghalaya-815090-1991-11-14 "Biased rulings spark trouble in Meghalaya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223204/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911115-biased-rulings-spark-trouble-in-meghalaya-815090-1991-11-14 |date=25 September 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|19 March 2009}}

| {{Date table sorting|13 May 2009}}

| {{ayd|18 March 2009|13 May 2009}}

| Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM Donkupar Roy.Karmakar, Rahul; Sharma, Nagendar (19 March 2009). [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/president-s-rule-in-meghalaya/story-q8liBCWp9uNUWHYiBrKFlK.html "President's Rule in Meghalaya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122621/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/president-s-rule-in-meghalaya/story-q8liBCWp9uNUWHYiBrKFlK.html |date=2 May 2024 }}. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Mizoram

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|11 May 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|2 June 1978}}

| {{ayd|11 May 1977|2 June 1978}}

| Mizo Union Ministry led by Chief Minister Chhunga resigned in May 1977, ostensibly to facilitate the progress of peace talks.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ngtgH9RYB0EC |title=Lost Opportunities: 50 Years of Insurgency in the North-east and India's|author=S. P. Sinha |access-date= 14 July 2021 |isbn=9788170621621 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |date=2007}}{{rp|95|quote=Mizo Union Ministry led by Chief Minister Chhunga resigned in May 1977, ostensibly to facilitate the progress of peace talks}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|11 November 1978}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 May 1979}}

| {{ayd|11 November 1978|8 May 1979}}

| Chief Minister Sailo's refusal to grant undue favours caused dissension in his party which led to the fall of his government and imposition of president's rule.{{rp|96–97|quote=Sailo's refusal to grant undue favours caused dissension in his party which led to the fall of his government and imposition of president's rule}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|7 September 1988}}

| {{Date table sorting|24 January 1989}}

| {{ayd|7 September 1988|24 January 1989}}

| Defections reduced the Government to minority.Menon, Ramesh (30 September 1988). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880930-mizoram-comes-under-president-rule-797758-1988-09-29 "Mizoram comes under President's Rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122616/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880930-mizoram-comes-under-president-rule-797758-1988-09-29 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="4"| Nagaland

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|22 March 1975}}

| {{Date table sorting|25 November 1977}}

| {{ayd|22 March 1975|25 November 1977}}

| Defections and counter defections led to imposition of president's rule.{{Rp|pages=230-231}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|7 August 1988}}

| {{Date table sorting|25 January 1989}}

| {{ayd|7 August 1988|25 January 1989}}

| The state was under a brief spell of central rule again after the Hokishe Sema-led Congress government was reduced to a minority.Menon, Ramesh (31 August 1988). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880831-presidents-rule-imposed-in-nagaland-under-questionable-circumstances-797609-1988-08-30 "President's Rule imposed in Nagaland under questionable circumstances"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122626/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880831-presidents-rule-imposed-in-nagaland-under-questionable-circumstances-797609-1988-08-30 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024. The decision was challenged in the Supreme Court in held to be invalid in 1994.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|2 April 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|22 February 1993}}

| {{ayd|2 April 1992|22 February 1993}}

| Fluid party position and deteriorating law and order situation.Menon, R. (30 April 1992). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920430-nagaland-manipur-turn-political-hot-spots-766206-2013-06-18 "Nagaland, Manipur turn political hot spots"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085736/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920430-nagaland-manipur-turn-political-hot-spots-766206-2013-06-18 |date=3 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|3 January 2008}}

| {{Date table sorting|12 March 2008}}

| {{ayd|3 January 2008|12 March 2008}}

| Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM Neiphiu Rio.[https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/presidents-rule-had-become-necessary-in-nagaland-governor-22030-2008-01-04 "President's Rule had become necessary in Nagaland: Governor"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084727/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/presidents-rule-had-become-necessary-in-nagaland-governor-22030-2008-01-04 |date=3 May 2024 }}. India Today. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/presidents-rule-revoked-in-nagaland-23561-2008-03-12 "President's rule revoked in Nagaland"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122620/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/presidents-rule-revoked-in-nagaland-23561-2008-03-12 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. 12 March 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="6"| Odisha

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|25 February 1961}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 June 1961}}

| {{ayd|25 February 1961|23 June 1961}}

| Harekrishna Mahtab led Congress-Gantantra Parishad Minority Government resigned on 21 February 1961 due to differences in the Congress Party. President's rule was imposed on 25 February 1961.Sethy, Rabindra Kumar (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-2kJusgGxiQC&pg=PA134 Political Crisis and President's Rule in an Indian State]. New Delhi: A. P. H. Publishing Company. pp. 134–135. {{ISBN|978-81-7648-463-3}} Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|11 January 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|3 April 1971}}

| {{ayd|11 January 1971|3 April 1971}}

| Break-up of coalition.{{Rp|pages=239–244}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|3 March 1973}}

| {{Date table sorting|6 March 1974}}

| {{ayd|3 March 1973|6 March 1974}}

| Facing imminent collapse of government, incumbent chief minister recommended dissolution of assembly and fresh elections.{{Rp|pages=245–247}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|16 December 1976}}

| {{Date table sorting|29 December 1976}}

| {{ayd|16 December 1976|29 December 1976}}

| Chief Minister Nandini Satpathy was forced out and assembly placed under suspended animation. A new Congress government was sworn in after revocation of president's rule.[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770115-orissa-chief-minister-nandini-satpathy-resigns-823541-2014-07-10 "Orissa Chief Minister Nandini Satpathy resigns"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224617/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770115-orissa-chief-minister-nandini-satpathy-resigns-823541-2014-07-10 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. 15 January 1977. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|26 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|26 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Binayak Acharya enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|9 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Nilamani Routray enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| Patiala and East Punjab States Union

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|4 March 1953}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 March 1954}}

| {{ayd|4 March 1953|7 March 1954}}

| President's rule was invoked in the erstwhile PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab States Union ) State when the Akali Dal government, led by Gian Singh Rarewala, was dismissed.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HcY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2413%2C278840 "President's Rule for PEPSU"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122615/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HcY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2413,278840 |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 6 March 1953. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://www.epw.in/journal/1953/9/weekly-notes/president-s-rule-pepsu.html "President's rule for PEPSU?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064655/https://www.epw.in/journal/1953/9/weekly-notes/president-s-rule-pepsu.html |date=13 June 2024 }}. Economic and Political Weekly. 5 (9): 235. 28 February 1953. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="7"| Puducherry

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|18 September 1968}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 March 1969}}

| {{ayd|18 September 1968|17 March 1969}}

| Assembly was dissolved and president's rule imposed as opposition parties had a chance to form a government after the fall of the Congress government.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680919&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "President takes over in Pondy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084728/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680919&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=3 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 19 September 1968. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.{{Rp|pages=269–270}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|3 January 1974}}

| {{Date table sorting|6 March 1974}}

| {{ayd|3 January 1974|6 March 1974}}

| Assembly dissolved after fall of DMK government following decision of two ministers to join newly formed AIADMK.{{Rp|pages=271–272}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|28 March 1974}}

| {{Date table sorting|2 July 1977}}

| {{ayd|28 March 1974|2 July 1977}}

| Fall of coalition government of AIADMK, Congress(O) following division of votes by Congress(R) and DMK. The Assembly was dissolved.{{Rp|pages=272–274}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|12 November 1978}}

| {{Date table sorting|16 January 1980}}

| {{ayd|12 November 1978|16 January 1980}}

| Fall of government due to political instability.[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-november-13-1978-5443226/ "Forty Years Ago: November 13, 1978"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122618/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/forty-years-ago-november-13-1978-5443226/ |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 13 November 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|24 June 1983}}

| {{Date table sorting|16 March 1985}}

| {{ayd|24 June 1983|16 March 1985}}

| Government dismissed following withdrawal of Congress(I) from coalition government. In spite of incumbent chief minister asking for an opportunity to prove his majority on the floor of the house, the assembly was dissolved.Chatterjee, Sibranjan (1992). "The Dismissal of the Ministry". [https://books.google.com/books?id=8UQpnoasCDYC&pg=PA136 Governor's Role in the Indian Constitution]. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 136. {{ISBN|978-81-7099-325-4}}. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|12 January 1991}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 July 1991}}

| {{ayd|12 January 1991|4 July 1991}}

| DMK Government dismissed in spite of having a majority in the Assembly.Badhwar, Inderjit; Chawla, Prabhu (15 March 1991). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910315-president-r-venkataraman-faces-criticism-for-playing-partisan-politics-814152-1991-03-14 "President R. Venkataraman faces criticism for playing partisan politics"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064655/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910315-president-r-venkataraman-faces-criticism-for-playing-partisan-politics-814152-1991-03-14 |date=13 June 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7oNlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1054%2C3504304 "Pondy Assembly dissolved; uproarious scenes in LS"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122616/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7oNlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1054,3504304 |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 5 March 1991. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|25 February 2021}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 May 2021}}

| {{ayd|25 February 2021|7 May 2021}}

| Congress Government resigned due to loss of majority and no alternate claimant to form next government.[https://scroll.in/latest/987941/presidents-rule-imposed-in-puducherry "President's Rule imposed in Puducherry"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122627/https://scroll.in/latest/987941/presidents-rule-imposed-in-puducherry |date=2 May 2024 }}. Scroll.in. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="8"| Punjab

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|20 June 1951}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 April 1952}}

| {{ayd|20 June 1951|17 April 1952}}

| Pandit Nehru kept the Punjab Assembly in suspension for nine months and 28 days to help the state Congress government get its act together.Nayar, Baldev Raj (1968). "Punjab". In Weiner, Myron (ed.). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131635/page/n467/mode/2up?view=theater State Politics in India]. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 463–467. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/501863 501863]. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|5 July 1966}}

| {{Date table sorting|1 November 1966}}

| {{ayd|5 July 1966|1 November 1966}}

| State administration was taken over, ostensibly to facilitate bifurcation of Punjab state into two, Punjab and Haryana.{{Rp|pages=282–283}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|23 August 1968}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1969}}

| {{ayd|23 August 1968|17 February 1969}}

| Break-up of coalition.{{Rp|pages=286–287}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|15 June 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|15 June 1971|17 March 1972}}

| Following poor performance in March, 1971 Lok Sabha Elections, incumbent Chief Minister advised dissolving state assembly and holding fresh elections to state legislature.Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). "Governor's Whim Prevails – 1971". [https://books.google.com/books?id=41HYYdO21KQC&pg=PA180 President's Rule in Indian States: A Study of Punjab] (1st ed.). Delhi: Mittal Publications. pp. 180–200. {{ISBN|978-81-7099-234-9}}

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|20 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|20 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Giani Zail Singh enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|7 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|7 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Parkash Singh Badal enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|6 October 1983}}

| {{Date table sorting|29 September 1985}}

| {{ayd|6 October 1983|29 September 1985}}

| Insurgency and breakdown of law and order.Gupta, Shekhar; Thukral, Gobind (31 October 1983). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19831031-punjab-crisis-takes-dramatic-turn-darbara-singh-govt-dismissed-presidents-rule-imposed-771128-2013-07-17 "Punjab crisis takes dramatic turn, Darbara Singh govt dismissed, President's Rule imposed"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502180204/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19831031-punjab-crisis-takes-dramatic-turn-darbara-singh-govt-dismissed-presidents-rule-imposed-771128-2013-07-17 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 8

| {{Date table sorting|11 May 1987}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 February 1992}}

| {{ayd|11 May 1987|23 February 1992}}

| Insurgency and breakdown of law and order.Chawla, G. S. (12 March 1987). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sIJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1723%2C1327693 "Punjab comes under President's rule: Assembly in suspended animation"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223310/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sIJlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=up4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1723%2C1327693 |date=25 September 2024 }}. Indian Express. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="4"| Rajasthan

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|13 March 1967}}

| {{Date table sorting|26 April 1967}}

| {{ayd|13 March 1967|26 April 1967}}

| Indecisive outcome of elections.{{Rp|pages=281, 285–287}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|22 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|22 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Hari Dev Joshi enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|5 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|15 December 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 December 1993}}

| {{ayd|15 December 1992|4 December 1993}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2"| Sikkim

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|18 August 1978}}

| {{Date table sorting|17 October 1979}}

| {{ayd|18 August 1978|17 October 1979}}

| Loss of majority following split in Kazi Lhendup Dorji led Janata Party government. The central government imposed president's rule and followed up with electoral reforms before ordering fresh elections.{{cite journal |last1=Phadnis |first1=Urmila |author-link1=Urmila Phadnis |date=December 1980 |title=Ethnic Dimensions of Sikkimese Politics: The 1979 Elections |journal=Asian Survey |volume=20 |issue=12 |pages=1236–1252 |doi=10.2307/2643629 |jstor=2643629 }}{{rp|pp=1244–1248, 1250}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|25 May 1984}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 March 1985}}

| {{ayd|25 May 1984|8 March 1985}}

| Congress Government formed following induced collapse of Nar Bahadur Bhandari Sikkim Janata Parishad Government was dismissed as it did not enjoy a majority in the Assembly.Claiborne, William (26 May 1984). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/05/26/sikkim-put-under-federal-rule-after-mass-party-shift/623c9f18-ac7e-43a3-bc39-1644b30f138a/ "Sikkim Put Under Federal Rule After Mass Party Shift"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223217/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/05/26/sikkim-put-under-federal-rule-after-mass-party-shift/623c9f18-ac7e-43a3-bc39-1644b30f138a/ |date=25 September 2024 }}. Washington Post. Retrieved 2 May 2024.{{cite journal |last1=Hardgrave |first1=Robert L. |date=February 1985 |title=India in 1984: Confrontation, Assassination, and Succession |journal=Asian Survey |volume=25 |issue=2, A Survey of Asia in 1984: Part II |pages=131–144 |doi=10.2307/2644297 |jstor=2644297 }}{{rp|p=135}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="4"| Tamil Nadu

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|31 January 1976}}

| {{Date table sorting|30 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|31 January 1976|30 June 1977}}

| The government headed by former chief minister M. Karunanidhi was dismissed by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in spite enjoying majority in the legislative assembly, due to charges of corruption while the Sarkaria Commission was set up to probe the allegations.Marthandam, Nambi (29 February 1976). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19760229-president-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-dismisses-dmk-ministry-places-tamil-nadu-under-presidents-rule-819615-2015-04-29 "President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed dismisses DMK ministry, places Tamil Nadu under President's Rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903073840/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19760229-president-fakhruddin-ali-ahmed-dismisses-dmk-ministry-places-tamil-nadu-under-presidents-rule-819615-2015-04-29 |date=3 September 2022 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|9 June 1980}}

| The government headed by former chief minister M. G. Ramachandran was dismissed by former prime minister Indira Gandhi in spite enjoying majority in the legislative assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|30 January 1988}}

| {{Date table sorting|27 January 1989}}

| {{ayd|30 January 1988|27 January 1989}}

| The government headed by former chief minister V. N. Janaki Ramachandran was dismissed by former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi after controversial confidence vote secured by her in the legislative assembly.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880131&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "TN Assembly dissolved: elections soon"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175316/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880131&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 31 January 1988. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|30 January 1991}}

| {{Date table sorting|24 June 1991}}

| {{ayd|30 January 1991|24 June 1991}}

| The government headed by former chief minister M. Karunanidhi was dismissed by former prime minister Chandra Shekhar on charges of supporting anti-national activities, in spite of the governor Surjit Singh Barnala's report and enjoying majority in the legislative assembly.{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-had-no-role-in-dismissing-dmk-govt-in-1991/article8475243.ece | title=Congress had no role in dismissing DMK govt in 1991 | work=The Hindu | date=14 April 2016 | access-date=25 June 2016 | archive-date=10 December 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210211324/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-had-no-role-in-dismissing-dmk-govt-in-1991/article8475243.ece | url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| Travancore-Cochin

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|23 March 1956}}

| {{Date table sorting|5 April 1957}}

| {{ayd|23 March 1956|5 April 1957}}

| Loss of majority following split in Congress Party.Maheshwari, Shriram (1977). [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.111304/mode/2up?view=theater President's rule in India]. New Delhi: Macmillan. {{ISBN|978-0-333-90186-1}} {{OCLC|470784780}}{{Rp|pages=33–35}}

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="3"| Tripura

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|1 November 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|20 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|1 November 1971|20 March 1972}}

| In the backdrop of refugee influx due to Bangladesh Liberation War, split in the Congress and Communist agitation for Tripura to become a full-fledged state, president's rule was imposed. On 1 January 1972 Tripura became a State and assembly elections held subsequently.{{Rp|page=320}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|5 November 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 January 1978}}

| {{ayd|5 November 1977|4 January 1978}}

| Collapse of short lived government in a fluid political environment.{{Rp|page=322}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|11 March 1993}}

| {{Date table sorting|10 April 1993}}

| {{ayd|11 March 1993|10 April 1993}}

| Elections postponed from 15 February 1993 to 3 April 1993 on account of deteriorating law and order situation. Caretaker CM resigns.Banerjee, R; Baweja, H (31 March 1993). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930331-prime-minister-narasimha-rao-sacrifices-tripura-government-to-curry-favour-with-the-left-810860-1993-03-30 "Prime Minister Narasimha Rao sacrifices Tripura Government to curry favour with the Left"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502180203/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19930331-prime-minister-narasimha-rao-sacrifices-tripura-government-to-curry-favour-with-the-left-810860-1993-03-30 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="9"| Uttar Pradesh

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|25 February 1968}}

| {{Date table sorting|26 February 1969}}

| {{ayd|25 February 1968|26 February 1969}}

| Loss of majority following withdrawal of support by Congress (R) led by Indira Gandhi.{{Rp|pages=326–327}}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|1 October 1970}}

| {{Date table sorting|18 October 1970}}

| {{ayd|1 October 1970|18 October 1970}}

| Charan Singh Ministry supported by Congress collapsed following split in Congress party.{{Rp|pages=338–341}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|13 June 1973}}

| {{Date table sorting|8 November 1973}}

| {{ayd|13 June 1973|8 November 1973}}

| Chief Minister resigned as a result of the 1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt.{{Rp|pages=44–45}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|30 November 1975}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 January 1976}}

| {{ayd|30 November 1975|21 January 1976}}

| Congress Government of H N Bahuguna tendered resignation due to infighting within the party.{{Rp|pages=369–370}}

style="text-align:center"

| 5

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|23 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|23 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of N D Tiwari enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 6

| {{Date table sorting|17 February 1980}}

| {{Date table sorting|9 June 1980}}

| {{ayd|17 February 1980|9 June 1980}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Banarasi Das enjoying majority support in Assembly.

style="text-align:center"

| 7

| {{Date table sorting|6 December 1992}}

| {{Date table sorting|4 December 1993}}

| {{ayd|6 December 1992|4 December 1993}}

| Government dismissed in the aftermath of the destruction of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan.

style="text-align:center"

| 8

| {{Date table sorting|18 October 1995}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 March 1997}}

| {{ayd|18 October 1995|21 March 1997}}

| Loss of majority following collapse of coalition followed by indecisive outcome of fresh elections.Swami, Venkitesh (1 November 1997). [https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30160288.ece "A crisis defused"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223207/https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30160288.ece |date=25 September 2024 }}. The Hindu. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 9

| {{Date table sorting|8 March 2002}}

| {{Date table sorting|3 May 2002}}

| {{ayd|8 March 2002|3 May 2002}}

| Indecisive outcome of elections.Mishra, Subhash (18 March 2002). [https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/states-uttar-pradesh/story/20020318-imposition-of-presidents-rule-in-uttar-pradesh-comes-as-a-boon-to-political-parties-795741-2002-03-17 "Imposition of President's rule in Uttar Pradesh comes as a boon to political parties"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124134/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/states/states-uttar-pradesh/story/20020318-imposition-of-presidents-rule-in-uttar-pradesh-comes-as-a-boon-to-political-parties-795741-2002-03-17 |date=2 May 2024 }}. India Today. Retrieved 2 May 2024.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-put-under-presidents-rule/articleshow/3203812.cms "Uttar Pradesh put under President's rule"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502124201/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-put-under-presidents-rule/articleshow/3203812.cms |date=2 May 2024 }}. Times of India. 10 March 2002. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="2"| Uttarakhand

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|27 March 2016}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 April 2016}}

| {{ayd|27 March 2016|21 April 2016}}

| Collapse of CM Harish Rawat's ministry following a split in the state unit of Congress party. In the hearing of related case, Uttarakhand High Court declared the president's rule imposition by the President unconstitutional and restored the Harish Rawat's led government in the state.{{cite web | url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/arunachal-pradesh-verdict-nabam-tuki-harish-rawat-uttarakhand-president-rule-supreme-court-modi-government-2914435/ | title=Lessons from Uttarakhand and Arunachal: What court orders on Central rule say | date=15 July 2016 | access-date=15 July 2016 | archive-date=14 July 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714202920/http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/arunachal-pradesh-verdict-nabam-tuki-harish-rawat-uttarakhand-president-rule-supreme-court-modi-government-2914435/ | url-status=live }}

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|22 April 2016}}

| {{Date table sorting|11 May 2016}}

| {{ayd|22 April 2016|11 May 2016}}

| Supreme Court of India held the stay on Uttarakhand High Court's verdict thus reinstating the president's rule in the state.Sinha, Bhadra (23 April 2016). [https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-stays-uttarakhand-hc-order-which-set-aside-president-s-rule-in-state/story-eDJgkrLFdzLa5GBVeeeczK.html "SC stays Uttarakhand HC order which set aside President's Rule in state"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224609/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-stays-uttarakhand-hc-order-which-set-aside-president-s-rule-in-state/story-eDJgkrLFdzLa5GBVeeeczK.html |date=2 May 2024 }}. Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2 May 2024.Pandey, Sidharth (15 May 2016). Singh, Veer Arjun (ed.). [https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-result-today-amid-early-celebrations-in-congress-1405033 "President's Rule Lifted From Uttarakhand, Congress Back In Power: 10 Points"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613065340/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-result-today-amid-early-celebrations-in-congress-1405033 |date=13 June 2024 }}. NDTV. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| rowspan="4" |West Bengal

| 1

| {{Date table sorting|20 February 1968}}

| {{Date table sorting|25 February 1969}}

| {{ayd|20 February 1968|25 February 1969}}

| State placed under president's rule following collapse of two successive short lived coalition governments.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680221&printsec=frontpage&hl=en "President takes over West Bengal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122633/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680221&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |date=2 May 2024 }}. Indian Express. 21 February 1968. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

style="text-align:center"

| 2

| {{Date table sorting|19 March 1970}}

| {{Date table sorting|2 April 1971}}

| {{ayd|19 March 1970|2 April 1971}}

| Collapse of United Front Coalition between Bangla Congress and CPI(M).{{Rp|pages=336–340}}

style="text-align:center"

| 3

| {{Date table sorting|29 June 1971}}

| {{Date table sorting|20 March 1972}}

| {{ayd|29 June 1971|20 March 1972}}

| Collapse of Democratic Coalition following split in Bangla Congress.{{Rp|pages=408–411}}{{Rp|pages=401–403}}

style="text-align:center"

| 4

| {{Date table sorting|30 April 1977}}

| {{Date table sorting|21 June 1977}}

| {{ayd|30 April 1977|21 June 1977}}

| Government dismissed in spite of Siddhartha Shankar Ray enjoying majority support in Assembly.

References

External links

Article 355 and 356 text from wikisource
[http://www.ejcl.org/81/abs81-4.html Discusses the instances where presidents rule has been invoked]
[https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/761237/1/Presidents_Rule_in_St_UT_Eng_9th_ed_2016.pdf Lok Sabha Secretariat's report on President's Rule]

Category:History of the Republic of India

Category:Politics of India

Category:Parts and articles of the Constitution of India

Category:Federalism in India