:selfie

"Selfie" is an example of hypocorism – a type of word formation that is popular in Australia,{{Cite news|last=Astle|first=David|date=12 March 2021|title=Why do Aussies shorten everything an itsy-bitsy-teeny-weeny bit?|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/why-do-aussies-shorten-everything-an-itsy-bitsy-teeny-weeny-bit-20210308-p578qe.html|access-date=16 March 2021|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331125115/https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/why-do-aussies-shorten-everything-an-itsy-bitsy-teeny-weeny-bit-20210308-p578qe.html|url-status=live}} where it was in general use before gaining wider acceptance.{{Cite news|last=Zimmer|first=Ben|date=23 November 2013|title=No, a Drunken Australian Man Did Not Coin the Word Selfie|work=Slate|url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/11/selfie-etymology-an-australian-man-takes-a-photo-of-his-lip-after-falling-down-drunk-but-he-didn-t-coin-the-word.html|access-date=16 March 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510223939/https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/11/selfie-etymology-an-australian-man-takes-a-photo-of-his-lip-after-falling-down-drunk-but-he-didn-t-coin-the-word.html|url-status=live}}

The first known use of the word selfie in any paper or electronic medium appeared in an Australian internet forum on 13 September 2002 – Karl Kruszelnicki's 'Dr Karl Self-Serve Science Forum' – in a post by Nathan Hope.{{cite web|date=2014-08-12|title=A brief history of the selfie|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm|access-date=30 June 2015|work=ABC Science blog|publisher=ABC Online|archive-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206030008/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013 is...|url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/11/word-of-the-year-2013-winner/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119180524/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/11/word-of-the-year-2013-winner/|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2013|access-date=30 November 2013|work=OxfordWords blog|publisher=Oxford Dictionaries}} Although Hope later dismissed the notion that he coined the term, describing it as "something that was just common slang at the time, used to describe a picture of yourself", he wrote the following: "Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer [sic] and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole about 1cm long right through my bottom lip. And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie."

By 2013, the word "selfie" had become commonplace enough to be monitored for inclusion in the online version of the Oxford English Dictionary, which announced it as the "word of the year" in November and gave it an Australian origin.{{cite news|last=Coulthard|first=Charissa|date=7 June 2013|title=Self-portraits and social media: The rise of the 'selfie'|work=BBC News online|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22511650|access-date=6 April 2013|archive-date=16 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216152247/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22511650|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|date=15 October 2013|title=A Brief History of the Selfie|language=en-US|work=Huffington Post|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/selfie-history-infographic_n_4101645.html|access-date=24 April 2018|archive-date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814171436/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/15/selfie-history-infographic_n_4101645.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|date=18 November 2013|title=The Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013 is… | OxfordWords blog|url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/11/word-of-the-year-2013-winner/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119180524/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/11/word-of-the-year-2013-winner/|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2013|access-date=29 November 2013|publisher=Blog.oxforddictionaries.com}}

In August 2014, "selfie" was officially accepted for use in the word game Scrabble.{{cite news|title=Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/05/scrabble-dictionary-selfie-te-bromance|access-date=7 August 2014|archive-date=7 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807113914/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/05/scrabble-dictionary-selfie-te-bromance|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=Steinmetz|first=Katy|date=4 August 2014|title=Time|url=https://time.com/3080213/scrabble-dictionary-words-selfie-frenemy-bromance/|access-date=7 August 2014|archive-date=7 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807043136/http://time.com/3080213/scrabble-dictionary-words-selfie-frenemy-bromance/|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Self-portrait}}

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| image1 = 1839 Self-portrait by Robert Cornelius (cropped).jpg

| alt1 = Robert Cornelius self-portrait

| caption1 = Photographic self-portrait by Robert Cornelius, 1839

| image2 = Unidentified woman taking her own photograph using a mirror and a box camera, roughly 1900.jpg

| alt2 = Unidentified woman self-portrait

| caption2 = Unidentified woman taking her picture in a mirror, {{circa|1900}}

| image3 = DFW C.V (Av) banking.jpg

| caption3 = Crewman of a German World War I DFW C.V aircraft takes a picture with a camera attached to a wing-strut, 1916–1918.

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In 1839, Robert Cornelius, an American pioneer in photography, produced a daguerreotype of himself which ended up as one of the first photographs of a person. Because the process was slow, he was able to uncover the lens, run into the shot for a minute or more, and then replace the lens cap.{{cite web|date=2013-11-19|title=Robert Cornelius' Self-Portrait: The First Ever 'Selfie' (1839)|url=http://publicdomainreview.org/collections/robert-cornelius-self-portrait-the-first-ever-selfie-1839/|access-date=10 August 2014|website=Public Domain Review|publisher=Open Knowledge Foundation|archive-date=10 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810100934/https://publicdomainreview.org/collections/robert-cornelius-self-portrait-the-first-ever-selfie-1839/|url-status=live}} He recorded on the back "The first light picture ever taken. 1839."{{cite web|title=Robert Cornelius, self-portrait; believed to be the earliest extant American portrait photo|url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004664436/|access-date=18 December 2013|work=Prints & Photographs Online Catalog|publisher=Library of Congress|archive-date=13 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213084954/http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2004664436/|url-status=live}} A copy of his "first selfie" graces his tombstone at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In 1900, the debut of the portable Kodak Brownie box camera led to photographic self-portraiture becoming a more widespread technique. The method was usually by mirror and stabilizing the camera either on a nearby object or on a tripod while framing via a viewfinder at the top of the box.{{Cite web|url=http://www.brownie-camera.com/articles/petelutz/article.shtml|title=Beginners Guide To Understanding And Using A Brownie Box Camera by Peter Lutz – The Brownie Camera Page|website=www.brownie-camera.com|access-date=21 October 2013|archive-date=21 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221034043/http://www.brownie-camera.com/articles/petelutz/article.shtml|url-status=live}} Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, at the age of 13, was one of the first teenagers to take her own picture using a mirror to send to a friend in 1914. In the letter that accompanied the photograph, she wrote, "I took this picture of myself looking at the mirror. It was very hard as my hands were trembling."{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} In 1934, a Swedish couple used a wooden stick to take the photo of themselves, which the New York Times called "the original selfie stick".{{Cite news|last=Bromwich|first=Jonah Engel|date=2017-11-20|title=Paris Hilton Said She Invented the Selfie. We Set Out to Find the Truth.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/style/paris-hilton-selfie.html|access-date=2021-04-18|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418085816/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/20/style/paris-hilton-selfie.html|url-status=live}}

During the 1970s, photographic self-portraiture flourished when affordable instant cameras birthed a new medium of self-expression, capturing uncharacteristically personal insight into otherwise conservative individuals{{cite web|title=warhol: self portraits|url=http://www.warhol.org/collection/art/selfportraits/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160515140318/http://www.warhol.org/collection/art/selfportraits/|archive-date=15 May 2016}} and allowing amateurs to learn photography with immediate results.{{cite web|date=25 September 2014|title=Stevie Nicks self-portraits shown for the first time: 'I never thought anyone would ever see these pictures'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/24/-sp-stevie-nicks-self-portrait-gallery|location=London|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110043421/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/24/-sp-stevie-nicks-self-portrait-gallery|url-status=live}} This practice transitioned naturally across to digital cameras as they supplanted film cameras around the turn of the millennium.

{{See also|Japanese mobile phone culture|Purikura}}

File:Minolta_Disc-7_Front.jpg

The modern selfie has origins in Japanese kawaii (cute) culture, which involves an obsession with beautifying self-representation in photographic forms, particularly among females.{{cite book |last1=Pan |first1=Lu |title=Aestheticizing Public Space: Street Visual Politics in East Asian Cities |date=2015 |publisher=Intellect Books |isbn=9781783204533 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rJbzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA107}} By the 1990s, self-photography developed into a major preoccupation among Japanese schoolgirls, who took photos with friends and exchanged copies that could be pasted into kawaii albums. This inspired a young photographer, Hiromix (Hiromi Toshikawa), to publish a photo diary album called Seventeen Girl Days, which included a number of self-posing photos. One of these was a pioneering selfie that was shot while holding the camera in front of herself. She rose to fame in Japan when her album received recognition from camera manufacturer Canon in 1995.{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Laura |chapter=10. Purikura: Expressive Energy in Female Self-Photography |title=Introducing Japanese Popular Culture |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317528937 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UBFFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT129}}

The 1983 Minolta Disc-7 camera had a convex mirror on its front to allow the composition of self-portraits, and its packaging showed the camera mounted on a stick while used for such a purpose.{{cite web|url=http://www.museumoftechnology.org.uk/expand.php?key=1139|title=MINOLTA DISC-7 CAMERA, 1983|work=museumoftechnology.org.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131002358/http://www.museumoftechnology.org.uk/expand.php?key=1139|archive-date=2015-01-31}} A "telescopic extender" for compact handheld cameras was patented by Ueda Hiroshi and Mima Yujiro in 1983,{{patent|US|4530580|"Telescopic extender for supporting compact camera"}} and a selfie stick was featured in a 1995 book of 101 Un-Useless Japanese Inventions. While dismissed as a "useless invention" at the time, the selfie stick later gained global popularity in the early 21st century.{{cite web|url=http://news.distractify.com/alex-scola/but-first/|title=Turns Out Japan Invented The 'Selfie-Stick' 20 Years Ago|author=Alex Scola|work=Distractify|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109130439/http://news.distractify.com/alex-scola/but-first/|archive-date=2015-01-09}}

File:Purikura Booth 2.JPG in 2007. The first purikura was introduced by Sega and Atlus in 1995.]]

The digital selfie originates from the purikura (Japanese shorthand for "print club"), which are Japanese photo sticker booths,{{cite book |last1=Sandbye |first1=Mette |chapter=Selfies and Purikura as Affective, Aesthetic Labor |title=Exploring the Selfie: Historical, Theoretical, and Analytical Approaches to Digital Self-Photography |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319579498 |pages=305–326 (310) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SaVUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA310}} introduced by the Japanese video game arcade industry in the mid-1990s. It was conceived in 1994 by Sasaki Miho, inspired by the popularity of girl photo culture and photo stickers in 1990s Japan. She worked for a game company, Atlus, where she suggested the idea, but it was initially rejected by her male bosses.{{cite journal |title=Harvard Asia Quarterly |journal=Harvard Asia Quarterly |date=2003 |volume=7 |issue=1–3 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UckQAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Harvard University |quote=Purikura, clipped from purinto kurabu, was invented by Atlus, a Tokyo-based game software company. A female employee named Sasaki Miho had noticed the popularity of stickers among schoolgirls, a craze that also generated huge sales. In 1994, Sasaki came up with the idea of combining stickers with photos and proposed it to her Atlus employers, but her male bosses did not think it worth pursuing until 1995, when they finally gave her concept a chance.}} Atlus eventually decided to pursue Miho's idea, and developed it with the help of a leading Japanese video game company, Sega,{{cite book |last1=Edwards |first1=Elizabeth F. |last2=Hart |first2=Janice |title=Photographs Objects Histories: On the Materiality of Images |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780415254410 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VRQ2StxiK0sC&pg=PA167}} which later became the owner of Atlus. Sega and Atlus introduced the Print Club (Purinto Kurabu), the first purikura, in February 1995, initially at game arcades, before expanding to other popular culture locations such as fast food shops, train stations, karaoke establishments, and bowling alleys. The success of the original Sega-Atlus machine led to other Japanese arcade game companies producing their own purikura, including SNK's Neo Print in 1996 and Konami's Puri Puri Campus (Print Print Campus) in 1997.

Purikura produced what would later be called selfies. A purikura is essentially a cross between a traditional license/passport photo booth and an arcade video game, with a computer that is connected to a colour video camera and colour printer, and which allows the manipulation of digital images. It involves users posing in front of a camera within the compact booth, having their images taken, and then printing the photos with various effects designed to look kawaii. It presents a series of choices, such as desired backdrops, borders, insertable decorations, icons, text writing options, hair extensions, twinkling diamond tiaras, tenderized light effects, and predesigned decorative margins. Purikura became a popular form of entertainment among youths in Japan, and then across East Asia, in the 1990s. These photographic filters were similar to the Snapchat filters that later appeared in the 2010s.{{cite news |title=Video: Japan's 'Purikura' Photo Booths Offer Snapchat-Like Filters |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/07/03/526005241/video-japans-purikura-photo-booths-offer-snapchat-like-filters |access-date=19 September 2019 |agency=NPR |date=July 3, 2017 |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915052649/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2017/07/03/526005241/video-japans-purikura-photo-booths-offer-snapchat-like-filters |url-status=live }} Photographic features in purikura were later adopted by smartphone apps such as Instagram and Snapchat, including scribbling graffiti or typing text over selfies, adding features that beautify the image, and photo editing options such as cat whiskers or bunny ears.{{cite news |title=How 'playing Puri' paved the way for Snapchat |url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/gallery/20181119-why-playing-puri-was-the-precursor-for-snapchat |access-date=16 September 2019 |agency=BBC |date=23 November 2018 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124011838/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/gallery/20181119-why-playing-puri-was-the-precursor-for-snapchat |url-status=live }}

File:Japanese couple taking a photo together, 1920.jpg

To capitalize on the purikura phenomenon in East Asia, Japanese mobile phones began including a front-facing camera, which facilitated the creation of selfies.{{cite news |title=Taking pictures with your phone |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1550622.stm |access-date=15 September 2019 |work=BBC News |agency=BBC |date=18 September 2001 |archive-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828182250/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1550622.stm |url-status=live }} Perhaps the first front-facing camera on a hand-held device was the Game Boy Camera, released in Japan in February 1998. The Game Boy Camera was an attachment for Game Boy. The 180°-swivel camera was specifically marketed to allow users to take self-portraits.{{Cite web|title=Nintendo Game Boy Camera|url=http://www.nintendo.com/gb/gb_camera/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980530121628/http://www.nintendo.com/gb/gb_camera/index.html|archive-date=May 30, 1998|access-date=August 15, 2020|website=Nintendo Game Boy Camera}} The first front-facing camera phone was the Kyocera Visual Phone VP-210, released in Japan in May 1999.{{cite web |title=Camera phones: A look back and forward |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2473084/camera-phones--a-look-back-and-forward.html |website=Computerworld |date=11 May 2012 |access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009064125/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2473084/camera-phones--a-look-back-and-forward.html |url-status=dead }} It was called a "mobile videophone" at the time.{{cite news |title=First mobile videophone introduced |url=http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/ptech/9905/18/japan.phonetv/ |access-date=15 September 2019 |agency=CNN |date=May 18, 1999 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825060432/http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/ptech/9905/18/japan.phonetv/ |url-status=dead }} It stored up to 20 JPEG images, which could be sent over e-mail, or the phone could send up to two images per second over Japan's Personal Handy-phone System (PHS) wireless cellular network. This led to a transition in Japanese selfie culture from purikura to mobile phones.

Selfie culture became popular in Japan and then other East Asian countries in the 1990s, starting with purikura booths and then front-facing camera phones. However, it was not until the 2000s that selfie culture was popularized outside of East Asia.

Outside of East Asia, the concept of uploading group self-taken photographs to the Internet, albeit with a disposable camera instead of a smartphone, dates back to a webpage created by Australians in September 2001, including photos taken in the late 1990s (captured by the Internet Archive in April 2004).{{cite web|title=bogon.8m.com SelfPix|url=http://bogon.8m.com/outabout/selfpix1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040413003020/http://bogon.8m.com/outabout/selfpix1.htm|archive-date=13 April 2004}}{{cite web|title=bogon.8m.com Out & About|url=http://bogon.8m.com/outabout/pictures.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011011110543/http://bogon.8m.com/outabout/pictures.htm|archive-date=11 October 2001}}{{cite web|title=bogon.8m.com Bogons|url=http://bogon.8m.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010928215649/http://bogon.8m.com/|archive-date=28 September 2001}}

In the early 2000s, before Facebook became the dominant online social network, self-taken photographs were particularly common on MySpace. However, writer Kate Losse recounts that between 2006 and 2009 (when Facebook became more popular than MySpace), the "MySpace pic" (typically "an amateurish, flash-blinded self-portrait, often taken in front of a bathroom mirror") became an indication of bad taste for users of the newer Facebook social network. In 2009 in the image hosting and video hosting website Flickr, Flickr users used 'selfies' to describe seemingly endless self-portraits posted by teenagers.{{Citation |author=Horatia Harrod |date=22 March 2009 |title=The world's photo Album |publisher= Sunday Telegraph |page= 18|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/5048643/Flickr-the-worlds-photo-album.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/5048643/Flickr-the-worlds-photo-album.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2013 |location=London}}{{cbignore}} According to Losse, improvements in design—especially the front-facing camera of the iPhone 4 (2010), mobile photo apps such as Instagram and Snapchat led to the resurgence of selfies in the early 2010s.Kate Losse. [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/06/the-return-of-the-selfie.html The Return of the Selfie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029152830/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/06/the-return-of-the-selfie.html |date=29 October 2013 }}. The New Yorker. 5 June 2013

The Sony Ericsson Z1010 mobile phone, released in late 2003, introduced to Western markets the concept of a front-facing camera, which could be used for selfies and video calls.{{cite web|title=Sony Ericsson Z1010 – World's First Phone with a Front-Facing Camera|url=http://www.nerdeky.com/history/sony-ericsson-z1010-%E2%80%93-world%E2%80%99s-first-phone-front-facing-camera|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022103947/http://www.nerdeky.com/history/sony-ericsson-z1010-%E2%80%93-world%E2%80%99s-first-phone-front-facing-camera|archive-date=22 October 2015|access-date=30 September 2015|publisher=nerdeky.com}} These cameras became common on mobile devices, such as the iPhone 4 (2010). The iPhone 4, which adopted the front-facing camera feature from earlier Japanese and Korean phones, helped popularize the selfie internationally, outside of East Asia.

File:Buzz Aldrin self-photograph during Gemini 12 EVA (S66-62926).jpg took the first EVA selfie in 1966, using a Hasselblad roll-film camera.]]

File:Curiosity Self-Portrait at 'Big Sky' Drilling Site.jpg's self portrait at Mount Sharp, Mars, 2015|upright]]

In 2011, the Instagram photo-sharing and social networking service introduced auto filters, allowing users to easily alter their photos. Initially popular with young people, selfies gained wider popularity over time.{{cite news|last=Adewunmi|first=Bim|title=The rise and rise of the 'selfie'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/apr/02/rise-and-rise-of-the-selfie|access-date=6 April 2013|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2 April 2013|location=London|archive-date=12 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130912193855/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/apr/02/rise-and-rise-of-the-selfie|url-status=live}}{{cite news|last=McHugh|first=Jillian|title='Selfies' just as much for the insecure as show-offs|url=http://www.bunburymail.com.au/story/1407035/selfies-just-as-much-for-the-insecure-as-show-offs/|access-date=6 April 2013|newspaper=Bunbury Mail|date=3 April 2013|archive-date=8 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808153145/http://www.bunburymail.com.au/story/1407035/selfies-just-as-much-for-the-insecure-as-show-offs/|url-status=live}} Life and business coach Jennifer Lee, in January 2011, was the first person to coin "#Selfie" as a hashtag on Instagram.{{Cite web| url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jtes/this-is-the-first-recorded-use-of-selfie-on-instagram| title=This is the First Recorded Use of #Selfie on Instagram| website=BuzzFeed| date=19 November 2013| access-date=4 December 2016| archive-date=23 April 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423074027/http://www.buzzfeed.com/jtes/this-is-the-first-recorded-use-of-selfie-on-instagram| url-status=live}}{{Cite web| url=http://mashable.com/2013/11/19/first-selfie-hashtag-instagram/#uX5Tp3LXSkqx| title=Behold the First 'Selfie' Hashtag in Instagram History [PHOTO]| website=Mashable| date=20 November 2013| access-date=4 December 2016| archive-date=20 December 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220045528/http://mashable.com/2013/11/19/first-selfie-hashtag-instagram/#uX5Tp3LXSkqx| url-status=live}} By the end of 2012, Time magazine considered selfie one of the "top 10 buzzwords" of that year; although selfies had existed long before, it was in 2012 that the term "really hit the big time".Steinmetz, Katy (4 December 2012). [https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/12/04/top-10-news-lists/slide/selfie/ Top 10 Buzzwords – 9 Selfie], Time According to a 2013 survey, two-thirds of Australian women age 18–35 take selfies—the most common purpose for which is posting on Facebook. A poll commissioned by smartphone and camera maker Samsung in 2013 found that selfies made up 30% of the photos taken by people aged 18–24.Melanie Hall, "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10123875/Family-albums-fade-as-the-young-put-only-themselves-in-picture.html Family albums fade as the young put only themselves in picture] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131070645/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10123875/Family-albums-fade-as-the-young-put-only-themselves-in-picture.html |date=31 January 2018 }}" Telegraph, 13 June 2013.

File:Macaca nigra self-portrait.jpg" of a macaque who had picked up a camera{{cite news |last=Hui |first=Susan |title=Monkeys take 'selfies,' sparking copyright dispute |url=http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140807/eu-odd--britain-monkey_selfies-35ba3a9b02.html |date=7 August 2014 |work=AP News |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810113331/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140807/eu-odd--britain-monkey_selfies-35ba3a9b02.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Leonard |first=Andrew |title=Wikipedia at war! 'Monkey selfie' sets off bizarre copyright dispute |url=http://www.salon.com/2014/08/06/why_a_monkey_selfie_is_the_thin_end_of_the_wedge_for_animal_legal_rights/ |date=6 August 2014 |work=Salon |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808211949/http://www.salon.com/2014/08/06/why_a_monkey_selfie_is_the_thin_end_of_the_wedge_for_animal_legal_rights/ |url-status=live }}]]Selfies have also been taken beyond Earth. Selfies taken in space include those by astronauts,{{cite web|title=The 50 Best Space Photos of 2013|url=http://weather.aol.com/2013/12/20/the-50-best-space-photos-of-2013/1|publisher=AOL Weather|access-date=27 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227225705/http://weather.aol.com/2013/12/20/the-50-best-space-photos-of-2013/1|archive-date=27 December 2013}} an image by NASA's Curiosity rover of itself on Mars,{{cite news|title=Ancient Mars lake may have supported life|url=https://nypost.com/2013/12/09/ancient-mars-lake-may-have-supported-life/|access-date=27 December 2013|newspaper=Associated Press|date=9 December 2013|archive-date=16 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216152251/https://nypost.com/2013/12/09/ancient-mars-lake-may-have-supported-life/|url-status=live}} and images created by an indirect method, where a self-portrait photograph taken on Earth is displayed on a screen on a satellite, and captured by a camera.{{cite news|last=Howell|first=Elizabeth|title='Space Selfie' Telescope Could Hunt Alien Planets … If It Raises A Cool $2M|url=http://www.universetoday.com/102853/space-selfie-telescope-could-hunt-alien-planets-if-it-raises-a-cool-2m/|access-date=27 December 2013|newspaper=Universe Today|date=11 June 2013|archive-date=16 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216152313/https://www.universetoday.com/102853/space-selfie-telescope-could-hunt-alien-planets-if-it-raises-a-cool-2m/|url-status=live}}

In 2011, a crested black macaque pressed a trigger on a wildlife photographer's camera, set up in an Indonesian jungle for that specific purpose; when the camera was later recovered it was found to contain hundreds of selfies, including one of a grinning female macaque. This incident set off an unusual debate about copyright.{{cite news|title=Wikimedia sides with monkey in photo copyright battle over macaque's selfie|url=http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/wikimedia-sides-with-monkey-in-photo-copyright-battle-over-macaques-selfie-20140807-1019jl.html|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=7 August 2014|access-date=10 August 2014|author=Hatch, Patrick|archive-date=10 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810005248/http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/digital-life-news/wikimedia-sides-with-monkey-in-photo-copyright-battle-over-macaques-selfie-20140807-1019jl.html|url-status=live}} In April 2013, the Wikipedia's Selfie page started. In 2016, a federal judge ruled that the monkey cannot own the copyright to the images.{{cite news |last=Kravets |first=David |title=Judge says monkey cannot own copyright to famous selfies |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/judge-says-monkey-cannot-own-copyright-to-famous-selfies/ |date=6 January 2016 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-date=5 February 2018 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20180205104637/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/01/judge-says-monkey-cannot-own-copyright-to-famous-selfies/ |url-status=live }}

In describing the popularity of the "foot selfie", a photograph taken of one's feet while sunbathing at exotic locations, The Hollywood Reporter said that it could be "2014's social media pose to beat".{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/new-selfie-feet-660461|title=The New Selfie: Feet|last=Jenson|first=Wendy|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=31 December 2013|access-date=2 April 2016|archive-date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411002139/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/new-selfie-feet-660461|url-status=live}}

In January 2014, during the Sochi Winter Olympics, a "Selfie Olympics" meme was popular on Twitter, where users took self-portraits in unusual situations.{{cite web|last=Lingebach|first=Chris|url=http://washington.cbslocal.com/2014/01/04/trending-2014-selfie-olympics-take-over-twitter/|title=Trending: 2014 Selfie Olympics Take Over Twitter|work=CBS Washington|date=4 January 2014|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-date=5 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105045715/http://washington.cbslocal.com/2014/01/04/trending-2014-selfie-olympics-take-over-twitter/|url-status=live}} The spread of the meme took place with the usage of the hashtags #selfiegame and #selfieolympics.{{cite news|last=Boboltz|first=Sara|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/03/selfie-olympics-twitter_n_4538203.html|title='Selfie Olympics' Are Here To Prove Selfies Will Only Get Crazier in 2014|work=Huffington Post|date=3 January 2014|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104132258/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/03/selfie-olympics-twitter_n_4538203.html|url-status=live}}

Social media apps like Instagram and Snapchat encourage people to take selfies with features like Geofilters, hashtag linking of related topics, and picture stories. Geofilters allow people to take selfies with overlays that can be comedic, altering your selfie image with the ability to show where you are located. In September 2017, Instagram boasted 500 million daily active users of its self-promotion, selfie-sharing app and 800 million monthly active users.{{Cite web|date=2017-09-25|title=Statista Instagram statistics.|website=CNBC|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/25/how-many-users-does-instagram-have-now-800-million.html|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024842/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/25/how-many-users-does-instagram-have-now-800-million.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://investor.snap.com/~/media/Files/S/Snap-IR/reports-and-presentations/q3-17-earnings-slides.pdf|title=Snap Inc.}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Snapchat reports 178 million daily active users of its service. As of July 2017, in order of popularity, the four most popular social networking services are Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, and Snapchat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/248074/most-popular-us-social-networking-apps-ranked-by-audience/|title=Most popular social media apps in U.S.|website=Statista|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=17 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817054754/https://www.statista.com/statistics/248074/most-popular-us-social-networking-apps-ranked-by-audience/|url-status=live}}

Selfies have been popular on social media.{{cite web|last=Dubois|first=Lou|url=http://www.today.com/tech/selfie-wont-die-fact-it-just-got-its-own-social-8C11511653|title=The selfie won't die – in fact, it just got its own social network|work=NBC News|date=2 November 2013|access-date=12 September 2014|archive-date=28 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728021826/http://www.today.com/tech/selfie-wont-die-fact-it-just-got-its-own-social-8C11511653|url-status=live}} Instagram has over 53 million photos tagged with the hashtag #selfie. The word "selfie" was mentioned in Facebook status updates over 368,000 times during a one-week period in October 2013. During the same period on Twitter, the hashtag #selfie was used in more than 150,000 tweets.

File:A Self-portrait of A Hong Kong Bride Wearing A Qungua, A Traditional Chinese Wedding Attire, Before Her Wedding in The 1960s.jpg

The appeal of selfies comes from how easy they are to create and share, and the control they give people over how they present themselves. Many selfies are intended to present a flattering image of the person, especially to friends whom the photographer expects to be supportive. Those selfies would be taken on trips, during activities that are considered interesting or as a group selfie with interesting or attractive people. However, a 2013 study of Facebook users found that posting photos of oneself correlates with lower levels of social support from and intimacy with Facebook friends (except for those marked as Close Friends).Houghton, David and Joinson, Adam and Caldwell, Nigel and Marder, Ben (2013) [http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/1723/ Tagger's delight? Disclosure and liking in Facebook: the effects of sharing photographs amongst multiple known social circles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021192610/http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/1723/ |date=21 October 2013 }}. Discussion Paper. University of Birmingham, Birmingham. The lead author of the study suggests that "those who frequently post photographs on Facebook risk damaging real-life relationships."[http://www.hw.ac.uk/news-events/news/sharing-photographs-facebook-could-damage-13069.htm Sharing photographs on Facebook could damage relationships, new research shows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713045650/http://www.hw.ac.uk/news-events/news/sharing-photographs-facebook-could-damage-13069.htm |date=13 July 2014 }}. News & events, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh. 9 August 2013. The photo messaging application Snapchat is also largely used to send selfies. Some users of Snapchat choose to send intentionally-unattractive selfies to their friends for comedic purposes.

Posting intentionally unattractive selfies has also become common in the early 2010s—in part for their humor value, but in some cases also to explore issues of body image or as a reaction against the perceived narcissism or over-sexualization of typical selfies.{{cite news|last=Hills|first=Rachel|title=Ugly Is the New Pretty: How Unattractive Selfies Took Over the Internet|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/03/ugly-is-the-new-pretty-a-rise-in-gross-selfies.html|access-date=6 April 2013|newspaper=New York Magazine|date=29 March 2013|archive-date=1 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401082215/http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/03/ugly-is-the-new-pretty-a-rise-in-gross-selfies.html?|url-status=live}}

The practice of taking selfies has been criticised not only for being narcissistic, preventing assessment and appreciation of what is happening in the present, but also for being mindlessly conformist behaviour, when everyone does what everyone else is doing, "like that scene in The Life of Brian – where the crowd gathers outside Brian's window and enthusiastically chants in unison: 'Yes, we're all individuals! ... Yes, we are all different!{{'"}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/comment/how-selfies-hijacked-our-sense-of-self-20160330-gnuppq|title=How selfies hijacked our sense of self|last=Ireland|first=Judith|date=1 April 2016|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914013628/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/how-selfies-hijacked-our-sense-of-self-20160330-gnuppq|url-status=live}} However, this has been disproved by more nuanced and detailed analyses of the genre.{{Cite book|doi=10.1108/9781787543577|title=Selfies: Why We Love (and Hate) Them|date=5 April 2018|publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited|isbn=9781787437173|editor-last=Tiidenberg|editor-first=Katrin}}

The pop-up museum called The Museum of Selfies is scheduled to open its doors to all selfie lovers in the year 2018 in Glendale, a suburb of Los Angeles County, California.{{Cite web|date=2018-03-30|title=The Museum of Selfies is coming to Los Angeles|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/museum-selfies-coming-los-angeles/story?id=54128787|access-date=2019-03-21|website=ABC News|language=en|archive-date=6 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506182408/https://abcnews.go.com/US/museum-selfies-coming-los-angeles/story?id=54128787|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=LA is opening a Museum of Selfies – here's what you'll find inside|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/california/articles/museum-of-selfies-los-angeles/amp/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111231132/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/california/articles/museum-of-selfies-los-angeles/amp/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2018-01-11|access-date=2019-03-21|website=www.telegraph.co.uk}}{{Cite news|title=LA is opening a Museum of Selfies – here's what you'll find inside|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/california/articles/museum-of-selfies-los-angeles/|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-date=15 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115081526/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/north-america/united-states/california/articles/museum-of-selfies-los-angeles/|url-status=live}}

Sociologist Ben Agger describes the trend of selfies as "the male gaze gone viral", and sociologist and women's studies professor Gail Dines links it to the rise of "porn culture" and the idea that sexual attractiveness is the only way in which a woman can make herself visible.{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Meghan|title=Putting selfies under a feminist lens|url=https://www.straight.com/life/368086/putting-selfies-under-feminist-lens|access-date=6 April 2013|newspaper=Georgia Straight|date=3 April 2013|archive-date=6 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406050442/http://www.straight.com/life/368086/putting-selfies-under-feminist-lens|url-status=live}} Feminist writer Megan Murphy has pointed out that posting images publicly or sharing them with others who do so may have a dramatic effect in the case of revenge porn, where ex-lovers post sexually explicit photographs or nude selfies to exact revenge or humiliate their former lovers. Nonetheless, some feminists view selfies as a subversive form of self-expression that narrates one's own view of desirability. In this sense, selfies can be positive and offer a way of actively asserting agency.Simmons, Rachel. (20 November 2013) [http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2013/11/selfies_on_instagram_and_facebook_are_tiny_bursts_of_girl_pride.html Selfies on Instagram and Facebook are tiny bursts of girl pride] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414051232/http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2013/11/selfies_on_instagram_and_facebook_are_tiny_bursts_of_girl_pride.html |date=14 April 2015 }}. Slate.com. Retrieved on 12 March 2014.

In 2013 in the blog Jezebel, author Erin Gloria Ryan criticized selfies, believing that the images they often portray, as well as the fact that they are usually posted to social media with the intent of getting positive comments and "likes", reinforce the "notion that the most valuable thing [a young woman] has to offer the world is her looks."{{cite web|last=Ryan|first=Erin Gloria|title=Selfies Aren't Empowering. They're a Cry for Help.|date=21 November 2013|url=http://jezebel.com/selfies-arent-empowering-theyre-a-cry-for-help-1468965365|access-date=16 March 2014|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316023401/http://jezebel.com/selfies-arent-empowering-theyre-a-cry-for-help-1468965365|url-status=live}} The Jezebel post provoked commentary on Twitter from users arguing that selfies could be positive for women by promoting different standards of beauty.{{cite news | url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/11/tech/mobile/selfie-photo-tips/ | title=7 tips for taking better selfies | publisher=CNN | date=12 December 2013 | access-date=17 June 2015 | archive-date=17 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617185224/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/12/11/tech/mobile/selfie-photo-tips/ | url-status=live }} Media critic Jennifer Pozner saw selfies as particularly powerful for women and girls who did not see themselves portrayed in mainstream media.{{cite news | url=https://time.com/3099103/feminist-selfies-uglyfeminists-iwokeuplikedis/ | title=Our Bodies, Our Selfies: The Feminist Photo Revolution | publisher=Time Magazine | date=11 August 2014 | access-date=17 June 2015 | first=Jessica | last=Bennett | archive-date=14 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614012033/http://time.com/3099103/feminist-selfies-uglyfeminists-iwokeuplikedis/ | url-status=live }}

Research shows that there is a particular difference between perspectives of youngsters and adults. "While not all representative of all young people's experiences of digital picture-sharing cultures, these discussions point to a significant gap between young people's own interpretations of their ordinary or everyday digital practices and adults’ interpretations of these practices."{{Cite journal|last=Kath|first=Albury|date=2015|title=Selfies, Sexts andSneaky Hats:Young people's understandings of gendered practices of self-representation|journal=International Journal of Communication}}

File:Lee Myung-Bak and Ji So-Yun.jpg and footballer Ji So-yun]]

Many celebrities – especially sex symbols – post selfies for their followers on social media, and provocative or otherwise interesting celebrity selfies are the subject of regular press coverage. Some commentators, such as Emma Barnett of The Telegraph, have argued that sexy celebrity selfies (and sexy non-celebrity selfies) can be empowering to the selfie-takers but harmful to women in general as they promote viewing women as sex objects.Barnett, Emma (19 August 2013) [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10251845/Why-sexy-girl-pictures-online-are-more-harmful-than-lads-mags.html Why sexy girl pictures online are more harmful than lads' mags] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065913/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10251845/Why-sexy-girl-pictures-online-are-more-harmful-than-lads-mags.html |date=20 January 2018 }}. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 12 March 2014. Actor and avid selfie poster James Franco wrote an op-ed for The New York Times defending this frequent use of selfies on his Instagram page.{{cite news|last=Franco|first=James|title=The Meanings of the Selfie|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/29/arts/the-meanings-of-the-selfie.html?_r=1&|work=The New York Times|access-date=16 March 2014|date=26 December 2013|archive-date=4 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404053927/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/29/arts/the-meanings-of-the-selfie.html?_r=1&|url-status=live}} Franco defends the self-portrait stating they should not be seen as an egocentric act, but instead a journalistic moment as the selfie "quickly and easily shows, not tells, how you're feeling, where you are, what you're doing" in a way that a text communication might fail to convey.

A selfie orchestrated during the 86th Academy Awards by host Ellen DeGeneres was, at one point, the most retweeted tweet ever.{{cite news|title=Selfie at Oscars breaks retweet record|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-26410106|work=BBC News|date=3 March 2014|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303185537/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-26410106|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TheEllenShow/statuses/440322224407314432|title=If only Bradley's arm was longer. Best photo ever. #oscars|last=DeGeneres|first=Ellen|publisher=Twitter|date=2 March 2014|access-date=3 March 2014|archive-date=3 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303200108/https://twitter.com/TheEllenShow/statuses/440322224407314432|url-status=live}} DeGeneres said she wanted to pay homage to Meryl Streep's record 18 Oscar nominations by setting a new record with her, and invited twelve other Oscar celebrities to join them, which included Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Channing Tatum, Bradley Cooper, Kevin Spacey, Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong'o, Jared Leto, and Jennifer Lawrence. The resulting photo of the celebrities broke the previous retweet record within forty minutes, and was retweeted over 1.8 million times in the first hour.[https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-26410106 #BBCtrending: Selfie at Oscars breaks retweet record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727035812/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-26410106 |date=27 July 2018 }}. Bbc.com (3 March 2014). Retrieved on 12 March 2014.[http://www.theledger.com/article/20140303/ENT/140309799/1326?Title=Ellen-DeGeneres-Selfie-at-Oscars-Sets-Retweet-Record-Crashes-Twitter Ellen DeGeneres' Selfie at Oscars Sets Retweet Record, Crashes Twitter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303110006/http://www.theledger.com/article/20140303/ENT/140309799/1326?Title=Ellen-DeGeneres-Selfie-at-Oscars-Sets-Retweet-Record-Crashes-Twitter |date=3 March 2014 }}, pictured: Jared Leto, Jennifer Lawrence, Meryl Streep, Ellen DeGeneres, Bradley Cooper, Peter Nyong'o Jr., and, second row, from left, Channing Tatum, Julia Roberts, Kevin Spacey, Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong'o and Angelina Jolie. By the end of the ceremony it had been retweeted over 2 million times; less than 24 hours later, it had been retweeted over 2.8 million times. It beat the previous record, 778,801, which was held by Barack Obama, following his victory in the 2012 presidential election.Hubbard, Amy. (2 March 2014) [http://www.latimes.com/nation/shareitnow/la-sh-most-retweeted-twitter-ellen-oscar-selfie-0140302,0,6042820.story Oscars 2014, the year of the selfie: Ellen tweet grabs retweet record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303181725/http://www.latimes.com/nation/shareitnow/la-sh-most-retweeted-twitter-ellen-oscar-selfie-0140302,0,6042820.story |date=3 March 2014 }}. Latimes.com. Retrieved on 12 March 2014.{{cite news|title=Barack Obama victory tweet most retweeted ever|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20237531|work=BBC News|access-date=8 November 2013|date=7 November 2012|archive-date=7 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107201938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20237531|url-status=live}}[https://twitter.com/BarackObama/statuses/266031293945503744 "Four more years"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303225424/https://twitter.com/BarackObama/statuses/266031293945503744 |date=3 March 2014 }} Barack Obama on Twitter, 6 November 2012.

File:Bill Nye, Barack Obama and Neil deGrasse Tyson selfie 2014.jpg takes a selfie with US President Barack Obama and Neil deGrasse Tyson at the White House, 2014]]

File:Morawiecki, selfie.jpg, 2025]]

United States President Barack Obama made news headlines during Nelson Mandela's memorial celebration at Johannesburg's FNB Stadium with various world leaders, as he was snapped taking a selfie and sharing smiles with Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt, and later with British Prime Minister David Cameron, as they gathered to pay tribute to Mandela.{{cite news|last=Soltis|first=Andy|title=Michelle not amused by Obama's memorial selfie|url=https://nypost.com/2013/12/10/michelle-annoyed-by-obamas-selfie-at-mandela-memorial/|publisher=New York Post|access-date=16 March 2014|date=10 December 2013|archive-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330004227/http://nypost.com/2013/12/10/michelle-annoyed-by-obamas-selfie-at-mandela-memorial/|url-status=live}} The decision to take the selfies was considered to be in poor taste, as British political columnist Iain Martin critiqued the behaviour as "clowning around like muppets". The photos also depict the First Lady Michelle Obama sitting next to them looking "furious and mortified". Despite the criticism, Roberto Schmidt, the photographer who captured the photos taken at the celebration, reported to the Today show it was taken at "a jovial, celebratory portion of the service".{{cite news|last=Swann|first=Elaine|title=What's the etiquette of 'selfies' at funerals?|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/opinion/swann-selfie-funeral-etiquette/|publisher=CNN|access-date=16 March 2014|archive-date=16 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316034625/http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/opinion/swann-selfie-funeral-etiquette/|url-status=live}}

In India, BJP Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi posted a selfie on Twitter after voting in Gandhinagar, India. The post became a major trending item on the micro-blogging platform.{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-selfie-trends-big-on-twitter/articleshow/34436603.cms|title=Narendra Modi selfie trends big on Twitter|work=timesofindia-economictimes|date=30 April 2014|access-date=1 May 2014|archive-date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501054228/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-selfie-trends-big-on-twitter/articleshow/34436603.cms|url-status=live}} In July 2014, the Swiss government became the first to take and post a picture of an entire national government (the picture was taken by one of the seven members of the government, Alain Berset).{{in lang|fr}} Nic Ulmi, "Selfie politique, une spécialité suisse", Le Temps, Thursday 21 August 2014, page 17.

The Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa is known to pose for several selfies in public appearances, once even claiming to have posed for "over 1500 selfies" in three days, during which he estimated to have greeted about four thousand people – the social media phenomenon has coined the term "Marcelfie" to refer to these.{{cite news |last=Alves |first=Joana Marques |date=9 March 2017 |title=#Marcelfies. Um ano em fotografias espalhadas pela internet |trans-title=#Marcelfies. A year's worth of photographs spread across the internet |language=pt |url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/552650 |work=i |access-date=24 July 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803172056/https://ionline.sapo.pt/552650 |url-status=live }} Most notably, the President posed for a selfie with Prime Minister António Costa in the Paris City Hall, during the Portugal Day ceremonies there on 10 June 2016.{{cite news |date=10 June 2016 |title=A 'selfie' de Marcelo e Costa em Paris |trans-title=Marcelo and Costa's selfie in Paris |language=pt |url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/politica/2016-06-10-A-selfie-de-Marcelo-e-Costa-em-Paris |work=Expresso |access-date=24 July 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803172141/http://expresso.sapo.pt/politica/2016-06-10-A-selfie-de-Marcelo-e-Costa-em-Paris |url-status=dead }}

File:Bangladeshi girls taking Selfie at Pohela Falgun.jpg]]

In January 2014, Business Insider published a story referring to selfies of groups as usies.{{cite news |title=Selfies Are Dead, It's All About The 'Usie' Now |author=Alyson Shontell |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/selfies-are-dead-its-all-about-the-usie-now-2014-1#ixzz357QFZkb6 |work=Business Insider |date=13 January 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810182442/http://www.businessinsider.com/selfies-are-dead-its-all-about-the-usie-now-2014-1#ixzz357QFZkb6 |url-status=live }} A photograph of Pope Francis with visitors to the Vatican was called an usie by The Daily Dot,{{cite news |title=Has the 'usie' taken over the 'selfie'? |author=Sunayana Suresh |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Has-the-usie-taken-over-the-selfie/articleshow/32073851.cms |work=The Times of India |date=19 March 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=23 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323053550/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Has-the-usie-taken-over-the-selfie/articleshow/32073851.cms |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=The only thing worse than 'group selfies' is what people are calling them |author=Miles Klee |url=http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/photo-selfie-usie-distinction/ |work=The Daily Dot |date=13 January 2014 |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=8 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208043807/http://www.dailydot.com/lifestyle/photo-selfie-usie-distinction/ |url-status=live }} and TMZ has used the term to describe a selfie taken of celebrity couple Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez.{{cite news |title=Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez Take An Usie Together |url=http://www.tmz.com/videos/0_w7r2j2ip/ |work=TMZ |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=15 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615045248/http://www.tmz.com/videos/0_w7r2j2ip |url-status=live }}

The term "groufie" has been trademarked by Chinese phone manufacturer Huawei Technologies in China, France, Germany, Russia, and the United States.{{cite news |title=Chinese Phone Maker Trademarks the 'Groufie' |author=Leonid Bershidsky |url=http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-05-08/chinese-phone-maker-trademarks-the-groufie |work=Bloomberg View |date=8 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=21 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621032223/http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2014-05-08/chinese-phone-maker-trademarks-the-groufie |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Huawei's Groufie versus Samsung's Wefie, which one's cooler? |author=Martin Gicheru |url=http://www.techweez.com/2014/05/19/huawei-groufie-samsung-wefie/ |work=TechWeez |date=19 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=24 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524011614/http://www.techweez.com/2014/05/19/huawei-groufie-samsung-wefie/ |url-status=live }} The word was introduced during the launch of its Ascend P7 smartphone in 2014.{{cite news |title=The next social media buzz word: Groufie |author=Ansuya Harjani |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/05/08/the-next-social-media-buzz-word-groufie.html |work=CNBC |date=8 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=26 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626044120/http://www.cnbc.com/id/101653232 |url-status=live }} Huawei defines the groufie as a panoramic selfie involving multiple subjects, as well as background scenery, captured using the front facing, 8-megapixel camera and panorama capabilities of its phones.{{cite news |title=Huawei Ascend P7 announced – this one's for the selfie lovers |author=Alistair Charlton |url=http://www.mobilechoiceuk.com/news/29282/huawei-ascend-p7-announced---this-ones-for-the-selfie-lovers.aspx#.U6M9N_ldW_i |work=Mobile Choice |date=7 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729201820/http://www.mobilechoiceuk.com/news/29282/huawei-ascend-p7-announced---this-ones-for-the-selfie-lovers.aspx#.U6M9N_ldW_i |archive-date=29 July 2014 }}{{cite news |title=Huawei registers 'groufie' trademark |author=Matthew Sparkes |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10818797/Huawei-registers-groufie-trademark.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10818797/Huawei-registers-groufie-trademark.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=9 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}{{cite news |title=Huawei Wants 'Groufie' Trademark |author=Edwin Kee |url=http://www.ubergizmo.com/2014/05/huawei-wants-groufie-trademark/ |work=Ubergizmo |date=12 May 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014}}

Another term for a group selfie is "wefie", originally trademarked by Samsung in the US to promote the wide-angle lens of its NX series of cameras.{{cite web |url=http://trademarks.justia.com/862/41/wefie-86241996.html |title=Wefie – Trademark Details |work=Justia Trademarks |publisher=Justia |access-date=24 June 2014 |archive-date=29 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729204354/http://trademarks.justia.com/862/41/wefie-86241996.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.trademarkia.com/wefie-86241996.html |title=Wefie |date=3 April 2014 |work=LegalForce |publisher=Trademarkia, Inc. |access-date=26 June 2014 |archive-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809101849/http://www.trademarkia.com/wefie-86241996.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |title=Samsung NX mini 'wefie' focused mirrorless camera announced |author=Rohan Swamy |url=http://gadgets.ndtv.com/cameras/news/samsung-nx-mini-wefie-focused-mirrorless-camera-announced-497438 |work=NDTV |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=23 June 2014 |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810144318/http://gadgets.ndtv.com/cameras/news/samsung-nx-mini-wefie-focused-mirrorless-camera-announced-497438 |url-status=live }}

{{Css Image Crop|Image = Aix-en-Provence-FR-13-cours Mirabeau-femme au smartphone-01.jpg |bSize = 255|cWidth = 170|cHeight = 227|oTop = 85|oLeft = 48|Location = right|Description = Woman taking a selfie using a selfie stick}}

Devices for holding smartphones or compact cameras called selfie sticks are often used when taking group selfies, as they allow a wider, more panoramic image capture.

Another option for taking selfies from a distance beyond one's arm is a drone. Selfies made with a drone are also called dronies. The concept of taking a dronie first entered the mainstream in 2014 and coincided with a relatively sudden increase in the availability of relatively cheap, camera bearing multicopter drones.{{cite news|title=The 'selfie' is dead. Introducing the 'dronie'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/snowandski/skiing-news/10988393/The-selfie-is-dead.-Introducing-the-dronie.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725063236/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/snowandski/skiing-news/10988393/The-selfie-is-dead.-Introducing-the-dronie.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 July 2014|first=Hugh |last=Morris|date=24 July 2014|access-date=28 November 2014}} In 2014, the Nixie drone was designed to serve as a "personal photographer".{{cite magazine|last1=Flaherty|first1=Joseph|title=The inventors of the wristwatch drone share their vision of the future|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/10/wear-a-spy-drone-on-your-wrist|magazine=Wired|access-date=8 October 2014|date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007223139/http://www.wired.com/2014/10/wear-a-spy-drone-on-your-wrist/|url-status=live}}

According to a study performed by Nicola Bruno and Marco Bertamini at the University of Parma, selfies by non-professional photographers show a slight bias for showing the left cheek of the selfie-taker.{{cite journal |last1=Martinez |first1=Luis M. |last2=Bruno |first2=Nicola |last3=Bertamini |first3=Marco |title=Self-Portraits: Smartphones Reveal a Side Bias in Non-Artists |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e55141 |year=2013 |pmid=23405117 |pmc=3566189 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0055141 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...855141B |doi-access=free }} This is similar to observations of portraits by professional painters from many historical periods and styles,{{cite journal |last1=Bonora |first1=M |last2=Wieckowsk |first2=M R |last3=Chinopoulos |first3=C |last4=Kepp |first4=O |last5=Kroemer |first5=G |last6=Galluzzi |first6=L |last7=Pinton |first7=P |title=Molecular mechanisms of cell death: central implication of ATP synthase in mitochondrial permeability transition |journal=Oncogene |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=1608 |year=2015 |pmid=25790189 |doi=10.1038/onc.2014.462 |doi-access=free }} indicating that the left cheek bias may be rooted in asymmetries of brain lateralization that are well documented within cognitive neuroscience. In a second study, the same group tested if selfie takers without training in photography spontaneously adhere to widely prescribed rules of photographic composition, such as the rule of thirds. The study found that they do not, suggesting that these rules may be conventional rather than hardwired in the brain's perceptual preferences.{{cite journal |last1=Bruno |first1=Nicola |last2=Gabriele |first2=Valentina |last3=Bertamini |first3=Marco |last4=Tasso |first4=Tiziana |title='Selfies' Reveal Systematic Deviations from Known Principles of Photographic Composition |journal=Art & Perception |volume=2 |issue=1–2 |year=2014 |pages=45–58 |doi=10.1163/22134913-00002027 }}

A 2016 study examining the relationship between personality and selfie-posting behaviors suggests that extroversion and social exhibitionism positively predict frequency of selfie posting, whereas self-esteem is generally unrelated to selfie-posting behaviors.{{cite journal |last1=Sorokowska |first1=Agnieszka |last2=Oleszkiewicz |first2=Anna |last3=Frackowiak |first3=Tomasz |last4=Pisanski |first4=Katarzyna |last5=Chmiel |first5=Anna |last6=Sorokowski |first6=Piotr |title=Selfies and personality: Who posts self-portrait photographs? |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=90 |year=2016 |pages=119–23 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.037 }}

Selfitis is a condition described as the obsessive taking of selfies,{{Cite journal|last=Balakrishnan|first=Janarthanan|title=An Exploratory Study of BSelfitis^ and the Development of the Selfitis Behavior Scale|url= |journal=International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction|volume=16|issue=3|pages=722–736|doi=10.1007/s11469-017-9844-x|year=2018|pmid=29904329|pmc=5986832}} although it is currently not listed as a mental disorder in the DSM-5.{{Cite journal|last=Saroshe|first=Satish|title=Assessment of Selfie Syndrome among the Professional Students of a Cosmopolitan City of Central India: A Cross-sectional Study|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308515718|journal=International Journal of Preventive and Public Health Sciences}}

Obsessive taking of selfies and posting to social media has been found to be linked to many symptoms common to mental disorders. These include narcissism, low self-esteem, loneliness, self-centeredness, and attention-seeking behaviors.{{Cite journal|last=Kaur|first=Satinder|title=Selfie and mental health issues: An overview|url=http://resolver.ebscohost.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3aofi%2fenc%3aUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3asid%2fProQ%3a&rft_val_fmt=info%3aofi%2ffmt%3akev%3amtx%3ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Health+and+Wellbeing&rft.atitle=Selfie+and+mental+health+issues%3a+An+overview&rft.au=Kaur%2c+Satinder%3bVig%2c+Deepika&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Satinder&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indian+Journal+of+Health+and+Wellbeing&rft.issn=22295356&rft_id=info%3adoi%2f&site=ftf-live|journal=Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing}}

{{See also|Snapchat dysmorphia}}

Because they are typically taken much closer to the subject's face than a conventional photograph, phone selfies tend to distort the subject's face. When conventional photographers take headshots, they typically use a narrower lens (or zoom in) and stand at a normal distance, instead of getting physically closer to the subject's face. Front-facing cell phone cameras, on the other hand, feature wide-angle lenses and are held closer to the face, since the human arm is only so long. This results in extension distortion, where objects closer to the camera appear much larger than they actually are. Though this distortion has a slimming effect, it also exaggerates the auto-photographer's nose and chin, since those parts are closer to the camera than the rest of the face.

A study published by the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery has found that selfies have altered people's perception of their faces to the point where they increased the demand for rhinoplasties (nose jobs). 42% of surgeons surveyed have noticed that patients are seeking surgeries to improve their appearance in photographs, especially selfies taken at close distance.{{cite web |last1=Welch |first1=Ashley |title=Selfies distort faces like a 'funhouse mirror,' study finds |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/selfies-distort-faces-30-percent-like-funhouse-mirror-study-finds/ |website=CBS.com |date=March 2018 |publisher=CBS News |access-date=13 July 2018 |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714024214/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/selfies-distort-faces-30-percent-like-funhouse-mirror-study-finds/ |url-status=live }} Another study found that selfies taken at a distance of {{convert|12|in|cm}} can exaggerate nasal size by as much as 30%, and recommends that people take pictures from a standard distance of {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} to minimize perspective distortion.{{cite news |last1=Crist |first1=Carolyn |title=Selfies distort the face, plastic surgeons warn |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-selfies-plastic-surgery/selfies-distort-the-face-plastic-surgeons-warn-idUSKCN1GJ2P5 |website=Reuters |date=7 March 2018 |agency=Reuters |access-date=13 July 2018 |archive-date=14 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714022430/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-selfies-plastic-surgery/selfies-distort-the-face-plastic-surgeons-warn-idUSKCN1GJ2P5 |url-status=live }}

File:Mirror camera picture (cropped).jpg.]]

Since its popular usage, the term selfie has often been referred to describe self-portraits taken with the front camera of a mobile device.{{cite book|title=Photography and Its Publics|author=Melissa Miles, Edward Welch|publisher=Routledge|year=2020|quote=Selfies are self-portraits typically taken with the front camera of a mobile device}} Because of this, the term "selfie camera" has also been used by some to describe the front-facing camera of mobile devices.{{cite web | url=https://www.finder.com.au/phone-camera-resolution | title=Phone Camera Resolution: How many megapixels? | date=18 October 2015 | access-date=3 May 2022 | archive-date=15 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615011415/https://www.finder.com.au/phone-camera-resolution | url-status=live }}{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/27/17165418/oppo-f7-announced-phone-specs-25-mp-selfie-camera | title=You don't need 25 megapixels on a selfie camera | date=27 March 2018 | access-date=3 May 2022 | archive-date=16 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816193510/https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2018/3/27/17165418/oppo-f7-announced-phone-specs-25-mp-selfie-camera | url-status=live }}

A self photo taken against a mirror is sometimes called a "mirror selfie",{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/mar/22/the-fakery-is-all-part-of-the-fun-the-hoax-of-the-mirror-selfie|title='The fakery is all part of the fun': the hoax of the mirror selfie|work=The Guardian|date=22 March 2021|access-date=12 March 2022|archive-date=12 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312205759/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2021/mar/22/the-fakery-is-all-part-of-the-fun-the-hoax-of-the-mirror-selfie|url-status=live}} distinguishing it from an otherwise standard selfie.

Some phones released in 2019 included ultra wide angle lens in the back camera, which led to the popularization of the 0.5 or point five selfie. This style of selfie is distorted by the ultra wide angle, and it is inherently more unpredictable than a traditional selfie since users cannot view themselves while taking the photo. This style of selfie is popular among Gen Z for its unpredictable and whimsical style.{{cite web |last1=Huang |first1=Kalley |title=The Rise of the 0.5 Selfie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/23/technology/0-5-selfie.html |website=The New York Times |date=23 June 2022}}

{{Further|List of selfie-related injuries and deaths}}

The first known selfie-related death occurred 15 March 2014, when a man electrocuted himself on top of a train.{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.es/20140318/young-man-dies-in-train-selfie-fail|title=Man dies while taking selfie on top of train|date=18 March 2014|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=11 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811071818/https://www.thelocal.es/20140318/young-man-dies-in-train-selfie-fail|url-status=live}}

'The Year of the Selfie' was 2014. It was also the year Makati and Pasig, 'Selfie Capital of the World', saw their first selfie-related death when a 14-year-old girl fell from the 3rd floor staircase landing to the 2nd.{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/selfies-cities-world-rankings/|title=The Definitive Ranking of the Selfiest Cities in the World|magazine=Time|date=10 March 2014|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421165348/https://time.com/selfies-cities-world-rankings/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/student-falls-to-death-while-taking-selfie-1.1355674|title=Student falls to death while taking 'selfie'|first=Gilbert P.|last=Felongco|date=4 July 2014|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=29 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729074057/http://gulfnews.com/news/asia/philippines/student-falls-to-death-while-taking-selfie-1.1355674|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/12/tech/twitter-selfie-trend/index.html|title=Twitter declares 2014 year of the selfie|first=Naomi|last=Ng|website=CNN|date=12 December 2014|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=31 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731071800/http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/12/tech/twitter-selfie-trend/index.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.ie/trends/2014/story/selfies.html|title=The year of the selfie|website=www.google.ie|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=5 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005085105/https://www.google.ie/trends/2014/story/selfies.html|url-status=live}}

In 2015, it was reported that more people had been killed taking selfies that year than by shark attacks.{{cite news |last=Horton |first=Helena |title=More people have died by taking selfies this year than by shark attacks |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11881900/More-people-have-died-by-taking-selfies-this-year-than-by-shark-attacks.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/11881900/More-people-have-died-by-taking-selfies-this-year-than-by-shark-attacks.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=26 September 2015|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 September 2015}}{{cbignore}} Other publications have debated that analysis.{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/09/22/no-selfies-have-not-killed-more-people-than-sharks-thats-ridiculous/|title=No, selfies have not killed more people than sharks. That's ridiculous.|first=Caitlin|last=Dewey|date=22 September 2015|via=washingtonpost.com|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=16 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816222102/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/09/22/no-selfies-have-not-killed-more-people-than-sharks-thats-ridiculous/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/11/magazine/the-murky-meaning-of-the-killer-selfie.html|title=The Murky Meaning of the Killer Selfie|date=11 December 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=28 February 2017|archive-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119234946/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/11/magazine/the-murky-meaning-of-the-killer-selfie.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/10/05/debunking-the-great-selfies-are-more-deadly-than-shark-attacks-myth.html|title=Debunking the Great 'Selfies Are More Deadly Than Shark Attacks' Myth|first1=Kaiser|last1=Fung|first2=Andrew|last2=Gelman|website=The Daily Beast|date=5 October 2015|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727062336/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/10/05/debunking-the-great-selfies-are-more-deadly-than-shark-attacks-myth.html|url-status=live}} Takers of selfie photographs have fallen to their deaths while losing their balance in a precarious position,{{cite web|author=Payne, Samantha|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russia-attempted-selfie-causes-death-teenager-xenia-ignatyeva-1445637|title=Russia: Attempted Selfie Causes Death of Teenager Xenia Ignatyeva|work=International Business Times|date=22 April 2014|access-date=6 July 2015|archive-date=6 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706060317/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/russia-attempted-selfie-causes-death-teenager-xenia-ignatyeva-1445637|url-status=live}}{{cite web | url=http://gulfnews.com/news/world/philippines/student-falls-to-death-while-taking-selfie-1.1355674 | title=Student falls to death while taking 'selfie' | publisher=Gulf News | date=4 July 2014 | access-date=12 September 2014 | author=Felongco, Gilbert P. | archive-date=29 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014700/http://gulfnews.com/news/world/philippines/student-falls-to-death-while-taking-selfie-1.1355674 | url-status=dead }} and others have been wounded or killed while posing with handguns which have accidentally fired.{{cite web | url=https://anc.yahoo.com/news/15-year-old-boy-accidentally-shoots-self-while-taking-selfie-232209362.html | title=15-year-old boy accidentally shoots self while taking selfie | publisher=ANC Yahoo News | date=22 August 2014 | access-date=12 September 2014 | archive-date=26 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826182527/https://anc.yahoo.com/news/15-year-old-boy-accidentally-shoots-self-while-taking-selfie-232209362.html | url-status=dead }}{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/mexican-man-accidentally-shoots-head-posing-selfie-article-1.1890938|title=Drunk Mexican man accidentally shoots himself in head while posing for selfie|work=nydailynews.com|location=New York|date=4 August 2014|access-date=6 July 2015|archive-date=24 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824100341/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/mexican-man-accidentally-shoots-head-posing-selfie-article-1.1890938|url-status=live}}

Concerned about the increasing number of incidents in Russia where attempts to set up a unique selfie had led to injuries and deaths, the Russian Ministry of the Interior released a "Selfie Safety Guide" in 2015 that warned selfie enthusiasts about some common dangerous behaviors.{{cite web|url=https://mvd.ru/safety_selfie|title=МВД России: Безопасное селфи|publisher=RT|date=7 July 2015|access-date=8 July 2015|archive-date=24 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024125521/https://mvd.ru/safety_selfie|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://connecticut.marketing/2015/07/russian-selfie-guide-in-english/|title=Russian Selfie Guide Translated in English | Connecticut.Marketing|access-date=12 July 2021|archive-date=12 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712123001/https://connecticut.marketing/2015/07/russian-selfie-guide-in-english/|url-status=live}} Moscow, Russia's most active selfie-taking city, is estimated to have 8 selfie-takers per 100,000 people, and ranks 301st among cities worldwide.

A 2015 study showed that 20% of young Britons had taken selfies while driving a car.{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-24/selfie-obsessed-youth-driving-themselves-to-danger-study/6646214|title=One in five young Britons taking selfies behind the wheel, a trend also growing in Australia, experts say|work=ABC News|date=24 July 2015|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-date=25 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725111818/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-24/selfie-obsessed-youth-driving-themselves-to-danger-study/6646214|url-status=live}} Manchester has the highest amount of selfie-takers per capita in Great Britain with 114 per 100,000 people, and ranks 7th internationally. The Italian chief of state police expressed concern over the same phenomenon in Italy on the occasion of the launch of a short film with the title "Selfie".{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20150721/selfie-loving-italians-cause-spike-in-car-accidents|title=Selfie-loving drivers cause spike in accidents|date=21 July 2015|access-date=18 August 2015|archive-date=3 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803023227/http://www.thelocal.it/20150721/selfie-loving-italians-cause-spike-in-car-accidents|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/selfie-obsessed-drivers-who-snap-pictures-6108451|title=Selfie-obsessed drivers who snap pictures behind wheel blamed for spike in road accidents|author=Kirstie McCrum|date=21 July 2015|work=mirror|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120124028/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/selfie-obsessed-drivers-who-snap-pictures-6108451|url-status=live}} Milan is the 8th most active selfie-taking city in the world with 108 selfie-takers per 100,000 people.

According to Professor Amanda du Preez, there are least three types of selfie pictures documenting death, selfies unknowingly taken before death, where the taker's death is almost witnessed, or where the taker stands by while someone else dies.{{cite web |url=https://theconversation.com/the-deadly-selfie-game-the-thrill-to-end-all-thrills-59266 |title=The deadly selfie game – the thrill to end all thrills |work=The Conversation |author=Amanda du Preez |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=8 August 2016 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914221217/https://theconversation.com/the-deadly-selfie-game-the-thrill-to-end-all-thrills-59266 |url-status=live }}

In 2019, a teen left an imprint on the ground where he landed after falling more than four stories while attempting to take a selfie with his friends on a bridge in Dallas, Texas. He had multiple serious injuries, but he survived.{{cite web|title=Teen's 50-foot fall leaves imprint on ground|format=Video|date=21 Feb 2019|website=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2019/02/21/teen-falls-taking-selfie-dallas-bridge-sot-es-vpx.cnn|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=21 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221164430/https://www.cnn.com/videos/us/2019/02/21/teen-falls-taking-selfie-dallas-bridge-sot-es-vpx.cnn|url-status=live}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• 3D selfie
• Ballot selfie
• Imago camera
• List of selfie-related injuries and deaths
• Remote shutter
• Rooftopping
• Self-portrait
• Self timer
• Selfie studio
• Sleeveface

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist||refs=Willett, Megan. "This light-up phone case that celebrities love is going to be the next selfie stick." Business Insider, Business Insider, 24 February 2016, www.businessinsider.com/review-of-the-lumee-light-up-selfie-case-2016-2. Accessed 16 September 2017.}}

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• {{commons category-inline|Selfies|lcfirst=yes}}

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Category:Self-portraiture

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Category:Audiovisual introductions in 1995

Category:Internet culture

Category:Narcissism

Category:Portrait photography

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