Login
Login

1538

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}

{{About year|1538}}

{{Year nav|1538}}

File:Batalla de las Salinas.jpg: The Battle of Las Salinas is fought in Peru]]

File:Battle of Preveza (1538).jpg: The Ottoman Empire defeats Europe's Holy League in the Battle of Preveza]]

{{C16 year in topic}}

__NOTOC__

Year 1538 (MDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

=January–March=

=April–June=

  • April 6 – In India,Sher Shah Suri, who had been the Mughal Empire's Governor of the Bihar Subah province, declares the founding of the Sur Empire and crowns himself as Emperor in a ceremony at Delhi.{{Cite book |last1=Jenkins |first1=Everett Jr |year=2015 |title=The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500-1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kSYkCQAAQBAJ&q=coronation+of+sher+shah+suri |publisher=McFarland |page=64 |isbn=978-1-4766-0889-1 |language=en}}
  • April 26 – Battle of Las Salinas: In Peru, Almagro is defeated by Francisco Pizarro, who then seizes Cusco.{{cite book|author=Victor Wolfgang Von Hagen|title=The Royal Road of the Inca|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnEKAQAAIAAJ|year=1976|publisher=Gordon & Cremonesi|isbn=978-0-86033-009-7|page=108|language=en}}
  • May 9 – Mary of Guise is wed by proxy to King James V of Scotland, while she is at the Château de Châteaudun and he is in London, with neither of the two seeing each other.
  • May 10 – In India Mahmud Khan, 11-year-old the nephew of the late Sultan Bahadur Shah, is enthroned as Mahmud Shah III, Sultan of Gujarat.R. C. Majumdar, ed., The Mughul Empire, (Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2007)pp.391-398
  • May 27 – A joint delegation of Lutherans from various German cities arrives in England for meetings with King Henry VIII; Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury; and Thomas Cromwell, the former Chief Minister of England.
  • June 18 –
  • Truce of Nice: Peace is declared between Emperor Charles V and Francis I of France.{{cite book |last1=Tracy |first1=James D. |title=Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War: Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics |date=14 November 2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-81431-7 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXKMvr09dB4C&dq=truce+of+nice+francis+i+charles+v+%2218+june+1538%22&pg=PA164 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}
  • The formal wedding of Mary of Guise and King James V of Scotland takes place at St Andrews Cathedral.
  • June 19 – Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: The newly founded Bisham Abbey is dissolved.{{cite book |title=Research Volume of the Surrey Archaeological Society |date=1988 |publisher=Survey Archaeological Society. |isbn=978-0-9501345-8-1 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYBnAAAAMAAJ&q=%2219%20june%201538%22 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}

=July–September=

  • July 17 – The betrothal ceremony of 12-year-old Princess Elisabeth, niece of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to the 17-year-old Prince Sigismund II Augustus, son of King Sigismund of Poland (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and heir to the throne, takes place in Innsbruck.{{cite book |last=Duczmal |first=Małgorzata |title=Jogailaičiai | location=Vilnius |year=2012 |publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras |page=166 |isbn=978-5-420-01703-6 | language= Lithuanian |translator=Birutė Mikalonienė |translator2=Vyturys Jarutis}} The two are married five years later on May 5, 1543.
  • July 25 – The city of Guayaquil, now the largest city in the South American nation of Ecuador is founded by Spanish conqueror Francisco de Orellana in the location of a Quechua native village of the same name. Orellana names the city "Santiago de Guayaquil".[https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1538/july 25 July 1538], OnThisDay.com. Accessed 6 August 2023.
  • August 6 – Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Sarah |title=Colombia |date=1 September 2015 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-921-6 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eI9VCgAAQBAJ&dq=Bogot%C3%A1+Gonzalo+Jim%C3%A9nez+de+Quesada+%226+august+1538%22&pg=PA121 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}
  • September 18 – Ştefan V Lăcustă of the Bogdan-Musat dynasty in Romania is appointed as the new Prince of Moldavia by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman, replacing uncle, Petru Rareș.{{cite book |title=The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600 |author=Halil İnalcık |publisher=Praeger |year=1973 |page=41 |language=en}}
  • September 28 – Battle of Preveza: The Ottoman fleet of Suleiman the Magnificent, under the command of Hayreddin Barbarossa, defeats the Holy League of Emperor Charles V, under the command of Andrea Doria.{{cite book|author=Selcuk Aksin Somel|title=The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA39|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-7579-1|pages=39}}
  • September 29– The last significant volcanic eruption in the Phlegraean Fields of Italy begins and lasts one week.{{cite journal |last1=Di Vito |first1=Mauro |last2=Lirer |first2=Lucio |last3=Mastrolorenzo |first3=Giuseppe |last4=Rolandi |first4=Giuseppe |title=The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy) |journal=Bulletin of Volcanology |date=1 August 1987 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=608–615 |doi=10.1007/BF01079966 |bibcode=1987BVol...49..608D |s2cid=128745563 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01079966 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}{{cite web |title=Campi Flegrei: The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption |url=https://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/boris/mirror/mirrored_html/Montenuovo.html |website=www.geo.mtu.edu |access-date=26 August 2023}}

=October–December=

  • October 6 – The eruption the Italian volcano ends after seven days, having created Monte Nuovo.
  • October 28 – The first university of the New World, the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino, is founded on the island of Hispaniola in Santo Domingo.{{cite journal |last1=Jiminez |first1=F. A. |title=University rivalry in Hispaniola. |journal=Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine |date=1979 |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=700–707 |pmid=393344 |pmc=1808221 |issn=0028-7091}}{{cite book |title=Universidades españolas y americanas: época colonial |date=1987 |publisher=CSIC Press |isbn=978-84-7579-444-0 |page=452 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWYZ_ExqymkC&dq=Universidad+Santo+Tom%C3%A1s+de+Aquino+%22primera+universidad%22+28+de+octubre+de+1538&pg=RA19-PA10 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=es}}
  • November 5 – The siege of the Indian city of Diu ends as the Gujarat and Ottoman forces withdraw from the Portuguese held city.{{cite book |last1=Benians |first1=Ernest Alfred |last2=Newton |first2=Arthur Percival |last3=Rose |first3=John Holland |title=The Cambridge History of the British Empire |date=1940 |publisher=CUP Archive |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-08AAAAIAAJ&dq=Siege+of+Diu+Gujarat+%225+november+1538%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}
  • November 30
  • Sucre, Bolivia, is founded under the name Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo.
  • Dissolution of the Monasteries in England: Byland Abbey is dissolved.{{cite book |last1=Newsome |first1=Clive |title=The Abbey Trail |date=July 2003 |publisher=SIGMA PRESS |isbn=978-1-85058-803-0 |page=79 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Syg8cN9n6XgC&dq=Byland+Abbey+%2230+november+1538%22&pg=PA79 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=History of Byland Abbey |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/byland-abbey/history/ |website=English Heritage |access-date=26 August 2023}}
  • December 17 – Pope Paul III confirms the excommunication of Henry VIII of England from the Roman Catholic church.{{cite book|last=Scarisbrick|first=J. J.|author-link=Jack Scarisbrick|year=1997|title=Henry VIII|publisher=Yale University Press|edition=2nd|location=New Haven|isbn=0-300-07158-2|page=361}}

=Date unknown=

  • Michelangelo starts work on the Piazza del Campidoglio on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.{{cite book |last1=Zirpolo |first1=Lilian H. |title=Michelangelo: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works |date=9 August 2020 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2304-1 |page=139 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTXsDwAAQBAJ&dq=Michelangelo+Piazza+del+Campidoglio+Capitoline+Hill+%221538%22&pg=PA139 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Ackerman |first1=James S. |title=The Architecture of Michelangelo: Catalogue |date=1964 |publisher=A. Zwemmer |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyURAQAAMAAJ&q=%20%221538%22%20piazza |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}
  • The first in a decade-long series of severe famines and epidemics sweep central and southeastern China during the Ming dynasty, made worse by a decision of 1527 to cut back on the intake of grain quotas for granaries.
  • In China, a tsunami floods over the seawall in Haiyan County of Zhejiang province, inundating fields with saltwater, ruining many acres of crops. This drives up the price of foodstuffs, and many are forced to live off of tree bark and weeds (as Wang Wenlu states in his writing of 1545).

Births

File:Turibius3.JPG]]

  • January 6 – Jane Dormer, English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (d. 1612){{cite book |last1=Clifford |first1=Henry |title=The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria |date=1887 |publisher=Burns and Oates |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qzy-buiQLGEC&q=1538 |access-date=12 September 2023}}
  • January 10 – Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (d. 1574){{cite book |last1=Kindermann |first1=Jan Christiaan |title=Lodewijk van Nassau de volmaakte ridder |date=1874 |publisher=Beijers |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QhWAAAAcAAJ&dq=Lodewijk+van+Nassau+%2210+januari+1538%22&pg=PA10 |access-date=12 September 2023|language=nl}}
  • January 13 – Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1595)
  • January 15 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1599)
  • January 16 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (d. 1565){{cite book |last1=Stichart |first1=Franz Otto |title=Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen biographische Skizzen sämmtlicher Ahnfrauen des königlichen Hauses Sachsen |date=1857 |publisher=Fleischer |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XH8AAAAAcAAJ&dq=Johann+Friedrich+III+%2216+januar+1538%22&pg=PA173 |access-date=12 September 2023|language=de}}
  • February 23 – Dorothy Catherine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1604)
  • March 25 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612){{cite book |last1=Lattis |first1=James M. |title=Between Copernicus and Galileo Christoph Clavius and the Collapse of Ptolemaic Cosmology |date=2010 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=12 |isbn=9780226469263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtJlV4DvFYYC&dq=Christopher+Clavius+%2225+march+1538%22&pg=PA12 |access-date=12 September 2023}}
  • April 24 – Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (d. 1587){{cite book |last1=Pescasio |first1=Luigi |title=Cardinale Ercole Gonzaga presidente del Concilio di Trento (1505-1563) |date=1999 |publisher=Bottazzi |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShQmAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2224%20aprile%201538%22 |access-date=12 September 2023|language=it}}
  • April 26 – Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (d. 1600){{cite book |last1=Merzario |first1=Giuseppe |title=I maestri comacìni storia artistica di mille duecento anni (600-1800) |date=1893 |publisher=G. Agnelli |page=687 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BSpAAAAAYAAJ&dq=Gian+Paolo+Lomazzo+%2226+aprile+1538%22&pg=PA687 |access-date=12 September 2023|language=it}}
  • June 30 – Bonaventura Vulcanius, Flemish Renaissance humanist (d. 1614){{cite book |last1=Cazes |first1=Hélène |title=Bonaventura Vulcanius, Works and Networks Bruges 1538 - Leiden 1614 |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |page=79 |isbn=9789004192096 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ExHmVzu2HsC&q=%20%2230%20june%201538%22 |access-date=12 September 2023}}
  • July 12 – Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Portuguese infanta (d. 1577)
  • July 28 – Alberto Bolognetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585){{cite web |title=BOLOGNETTI, Alberto |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alberto-bolognetti_(Dizionario-Biografico) |website=www.treccani.it |access-date=12 September 2023|language=it}}
  • September 29
  • Count Johan II of East Frisia (d. 1591)
  • Joan Terès i Borrull, Viceroy of Catalonia (d. 1603)
  • October 2 – Saint Charles Borromeo, Spanish saint and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1584){{cite book |last1=Celier |first1=Leonzio |title=San Carlo Borromeo, 1538-1584 |date=1912 |publisher=Desclee |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HYbCYCiaJ3AC&dq=Carlo+Borromeo+%222+ottobre+1538%22&pg=PA22 |access-date=12 September 2023|language=it}}
  • October 17 – Irene di Spilimbergo, Italian Renaissance poet and painter (d. 1559){{cite book |last1=Kessel |first1=Elsje van |title=The Lives of Paintings Presence, Agency and Likeness in Venetian Art of the Sixteenth Century |date=2017 |publisher=De Grutyer |page=135 |isbn=9783110495775 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVmtDgAAQBAJ&dq=Irene+di+Spilimbergo+%2217+october+1538%22&pg=PA135 |access-date=12 September 2023}}
  • November 16 – Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitor, missionary Archbishop of Lima (d. 1606){{cite book |last1=Valencia |first1=Vicente Rodríguez |title=Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, organizer and apostle of South America |date=1956 |publisher=Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovej |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AG1XAAAAMAAJ&q=%2216%20de%20noviembre%20de%201538%22 |access-date=13 September 2023|language=es}}
  • June 12 – Francesco Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1566){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of February 26, 1561 (II) |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1561.htm#Gonzaga |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=13 September 2023}}
  • July 25 – Diane de France, illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France (d. 1619){{cite book |title=Library of the Ecole des Chartes |date=1849 |publisher=Droz Bookstore |page=160 |isbn=9782600051699 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YT11oyCFfZ8C&dq=Diane+de+France+%2225+juillet+1538%22&pg=PA160 |access-date=13 September 2023|language=fr}}
  • December 8 – Miklós Istvánffy, Hungarian politician (d. 1615){{cite book |last1=Moenich |first1=Karoly |title=Magyar irok nevtara |date=1876 |publisher=Nirschy |page=389 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5fCUJuIimcC&dq=Mikl%C3%B3s+Istv%C3%A1nffy+8+december+1538&pg=PA389 |access-date=13 September 2023|language=hu}}
  • December 10 – Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (d. 1612){{cite book |title=Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800 |date=2004 |publisher=Gale Research Company |page=69 |isbn=9780787669683 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JpBkAAAAMAAJ&q=%2210%20december%201538%22 |access-date=13 September 2023}}
  • December 11 – Sigismund of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Administrator of Halberstadt (d. 1566){{cite book |last1=Clemen |first1=Otto |last2=Koch |first2=Ernst |title=Kleine Schriften zur Reformationsgeschichte |date=1982 |publisher=Zentralantiquariat der DDR |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1MXAAAAIAAJ&q=%2211%20dezember%201538%22 |access-date=13 September 2023|language=de}}
  • December 13 – Sigrid Sture, Swedish Governor (d. 1613){{cite web |title=Sigrid Svantesdotter Sture |url=https://www.skbl.se/en/article/SigridSture |website=www.skbl.se |access-date=13 September 2023|language=sv}}
  • December 19 – Jan Zborowski, Polish noble (d. 1603)
  • December 21 – Luigi d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586){{cite book |title=Atti della R. Accademia delle scienze di Torino |date=1883 |publisher=Stamperia Reale |page=1087 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9tDAQAAMAAJ&dq=Luigi+d%27Este+%2221+dicembre+1538%22&pg=PA1087 |access-date=13 September 2023|language=it}}
  • date unknown
  • François de Bar, French scholar (d. 1606)
  • Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Welsh-born statesman (d. 1601){{cite ODNB |title=Herbert, Henry, second earl of Pembroke |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-13028|year=2004 |access-date=21 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/13028}}
  • Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (d. 1568){{cite book |last1=Frédéric |first1=Louis |title=Japan encyclopedia |date=2002 |publisher=Harvard Press |page=56 |isbn=9780674017535 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&dq=Ashikaga+Yoshihide+%221538%22&pg=PA56 |access-date=13 September 2023}}
  • Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (d. 1607){{cite book |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1913 |publisher=Encyclopedia Press |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwIjAQAAIAAJ&dq=Caesar+Baronius+%2230+august+1538%22&pg=PA304 |access-date=13 September 2023}}{{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Consistory of June 5, 1596 (II) |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1596.htm#Baronio |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=13 September 2023}}
  • Lewis Mordaunt, 3rd Baron Mordaunt, English Member of Parliament (d. 1601){{cite web |title=MORDAUNT, Lewis (1538-1601) |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/mordaunt-lewis-1538-1601 |website=historyofparliament.org |access-date=12 September 2023}}

Deaths

File:Diego de Almagro.JPG]]

  • January 8 – Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1504){{cite book |last1=Benevides |first1=Francisco da Fonseca |title=Rainhas de Portugal: estudo historico com muitos documentos |date=1878 |publisher=Castro Irmâo |page=348 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIVBFHonjg0C&dq=Beatriz+de+Portugal+%228+de+janeiro+de+1538%22&pg=PA348 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=pt-BR}}
  • February 3 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (b. 1488){{cite book |last1=Frind |first1=Anton |title="Die" Kirchengeschichte Böhmens im Allgemeinen und mit besonderer Beziehung auf die jetzige Leitmeritzer Diöcese |date=1878 |publisher=Tempsky |page=454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbR-irxtstsC&dq=Johann+von+der+Pfalz+%223+februar+1538%22&pg=PA454 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=de}}
  • February 7 – Olav Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of Norway (born c. 1480).{{cite encyclopedia|title=Olav Engelbrektsson |encyclopedia=Norsk biografisk leksikon|first=Øystein |last=Rian |editor=Helle, Knut |editor-link=Knut Helle |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Olav_Engelbrektsson | language=no |access-date=19 June 2018}}
  • February 12 – Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. c. 1480){{cite book|author=Ernst Buchner|title=German Painting at the Time of Dürer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lp3qAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Hirmer|page=26|language=en}}
  • March 18 – Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1472)
  • April 3 – Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1480){{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Neha |title=Henry VIII's Imprisoned Women: The Women of the Tower |date=6 April 2023 |publisher=Pen and Sword History |isbn=978-1-3990-9579-2 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRayEAAAQBAJ&dq=Elizabeth+Boleyn+%223+april+1538%22&pg=PA50 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}
  • April 4 – Elena Glinskaya, Regent of Russia (b. c. 1510){{cite book |last1=Нечаев |first1=Сергей |title=Иван Грозный. Жены и наложницы "Синей Бороды" |date=20 September 2011 |publisher=Litres |isbn=978-5-457-17297-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Im2JSEjmSnYC&dq=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F,+%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%22+4+%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+1538%22&pg=PT5 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=ru|quote=And on April 4, 1538, Elena Vasilyevna Glinskaya herself, who was only thirty years old, suddenly died.}}
  • May 8 – Edward Foxe, English churchman (b. 1496){{cite book |last1=Elton |first1=G. R. |title=Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell |date=7 November 1985 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-31309-4 |page=255 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6o5AAAAIAAJ&dq=Edward+Foxe+%228+may+1538%22&pg=PA255 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}
  • May 15 – Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1482){{cite book |last1=Schaible |first1=Joseph |title=Geschichte des badischen Hanauerlandes nebst einer medizinisch-statistischen topographie des|date=1855 |publisher=Malsch und Vogel |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MpFaAAAAcAAJ&dq=Philipp+III+%2215+mai+1538%22&pg=PA50 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=de}}
  • May 22 – John Forest, English Franciscan friar (martyred) (b. 1471){{cite journal |last1=Makens |first1=Judith |title=Hugh Latimer and John Forest: Rituals of Martyrdom |journal=Reformation |date=January 2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1179/ref_2002_6_1_003 |s2cid=145394860 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/ref_2002_6_1_003 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en |issn=1357-4175|url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |last1=Dillon |first1=Anne |title=John Forest and Derfel Gadarn: A Double Execution |journal=British Catholic History |date=May 2006 |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.1017/S003419320001102X |s2cid=163270338 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-catholic-history/article/abs/john-forest-and-derfel-gadarn-a-double-execution/5157085B2FCB72E66ECC18B072644B9E |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en |issn=0034-1932|url-access=subscription }}
  • June 22 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (b. 1467){{cite book |title=Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde |date=1907 |publisher=Selbstverlag des Vereins |page=273 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFtEAQAAMAAJ&dq=Botho+zu+Stolberg+%2222+juni+1538%22&pg=PA273 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=de}}
  • June 30 – Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467){{cite book |last1=Royen |first1=Laetitia V. G. Gorter-Van |title=Maria van Hongarije, regentes der Nederlanden: een politieke analyse op basis van haar regentschaps-ordonnanties en haar correspondentie met Karel V |date=1995 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-6550-394-7 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-94RKP-Lc4UC&dq=Karel+van+Gelre+%2230+juni+1538%22&pg=PA230 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=nl}}
  • July 8 – Diego de Almagro, Spanish conquistador (b. 1475){{cite book |last1=Valdés |first1=Gerardo Larraín |title=Dios, Sol Y Oro Diego de Almagro Y El Descubrimiento de Chile |date=1987 |publisher=Andres Bello |page=306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V51PtGWb88UC&dq=Diego+de+Almagro+%228+de+julio+de+1538%22&pg=PA306 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=es}}
  • September 14 – Henry III of Nassau-Breda, Baron of Breda (b. 1483){{cite book |title=Publications de la Section historique de l'Institute G.-D. de Luxembourg |date=1853 |publisher=Institut grand-ducal de Luxembourg Section historique |page=234 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mps6AQAAMAAJ&dq=Heinrich+III+von+nassau+%2214+september+1538%22&pg=RA4-PA234 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=fr}}
  • September 28 – Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (b. 1515){{cite book |last1=Achaintre |first1=Nicolas Louis |title=Histoire Généalogique Et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de Bourbon |date=1825 |publisher=Mansut |page=383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FzwWAAAAYAAJ&dq=Marie+de+Bourbon-Vend%C3%B4me+%2228+septembre+1538%22&pg=PA383 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=fr}}
  • October 20 – Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, condottiero (b. 1490){{cite book |title=Miscellanea di storia italiana |date=1913 |publisher=Fratelli Bocca. |page=286 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnkKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Francesco+Maria+I+%2220+ottobre+1538%22&pg=PA286 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=it}}
  • November 22 – John Lambert, English Protestant martyr (burned at stake){{cite book |last1=Womersley |first1=David |title=Divinity and State |date=18 February 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-925564-1 |page=22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZ8VDAAAQBAJ&dq=John+Lambert+%2222+november+1538%22&pg=PA22 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}
  • December 28 – Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (b. 1455){{DBI|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/andrea-gritti_(Dizionario-Biografico)/|title=GRITTI, Andrea|volume=59|first=Gino |last=Benzoni}}
  • date unknown
  • Pierre Gringoire, French poet and playwright (b. 1475){{cite book |last1=Gringore |first1=Pierre |last2=Brown |first2=Cynthia Jane |title=Œuvres polémiques rédigées sous le règne de Louis XII |date=2003 |publisher=Librairie Droz |isbn=978-2-600-00836-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noVZXWZlpg4C&q=%221538%22&pg=PA7 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=fr}}
  • Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (b. 1460)
  • Paganino Paganini, Italian publisher (b. c. 1450){{cite book |last1=Magno |first1=Alessandro Marzo |title=Bound in Venice: The Serene Republic and the Dawn of the Book |date=1 October 2013 |publisher=Europa Editions |isbn=978-1-60945-152-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XcS2DwAAQBAJ&dq=Paganino+Paganini+died+%221538%22&pg=PT69 |access-date=13 September 2023 |language=en|quote=The year 1538 is also the death of Paganino Paganini.}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1538}}