1676

File:Howard Pyle - The Burning of Jamestown.jpg: Virginian rebels commanded by Nathaniel Bacon burn down Jamestown, Virginia during war against British governor.]]

File:Slaghalm1676.jpg: Sweden defeats Denmark-Norway in Battle of Halmstad.]]

Events

File:Charles XI, Battle of Lund.jpg: Battle of Lund]]

= January–March =

January 29 – Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
January 31 – Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, the oldest institution of higher education in Central America, is founded.Procedure 373 of the Guatemalan Real Audiencia in the General Archive of Indias.
January – Six months into King Philip's War, Metacomet (King Philip), leader of the Algonquian tribe known as the Wampanoag, travels westward to the Mohawk nation, seeking an alliance with the Mohawks against the English colonists of New England; his efforts in creating such an alliance are a failure.
February 10 – After the Nipmuc tribe attacks Lancaster, Massachusetts, colonist Mary Rowlandson is taken captive, and lives with the Indians until May.
February 14 – Metacomet and his Wampanoags attack Northampton, Massachusetts; meanwhile, the Massachusetts Council debates whether a wall should be erected around Boston.
February 23 – While the Massachusetts Council debates how to handle the Christian Indians they had exiled to Deer Island on October 13, 1675, a coalition of Indians led by Metacomet attacks colonial settlements just {{convert|16|km|mi|abbr=on}} outside of Boston.
March 29 – Providence, Rhode Island is attacked and destroyed by Native Americans.

= April–June =

April 2 – Chief Canonchet of the Narragansett people is captured by mercenaries of the Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic nations who have been hired by English settlers. He is offered a chance to live if he makes peace with the English, refuses, and is executed the next day in Stonington, Connecticut.
April 12 – Richard Raynsford becomes the new Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.
April 21 – Sudbury Fight: The village of Sudbury, Massachusetts is attacked by Metacom's Wampanoag Confederation as one of the last major battles of King Phillip's War. Captain Samuel Wadworth and 28 of his men are killed in the defense of the town.
April 22 – The Battle of Augusta is fought in the Mediterranean Sea off of the coast of Sicily during the Franco-Dutch War. The French Navy and the combined Dutch Republic and Spanish forces each lose over 500 men.
May 2 – Mary Rowlandson is ransomed from captivity by Native Americans by a subscription raised by women of Boston.
May 19 – Peskeomskut Massacre: Battle of Turner's Falls – Captain William Turner leads a raid at first light on an encampment consisting mainly of women and children. An estimated 300-400 lives are taken in less than half an hour, first from gunshot directly into the sleeping tents, then by sword and by drowning as the victims try to flee. This incident happens on the west bank of the Connecticut River, just above the falls known as Turner's Falls in Gill, Massachusetts.
May 26 – A fire destroys the town hall and 624 houses in Southwark, London.{{cite book|chapter=Fires, Great|title=The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance|editor=Walford, Cornelius|publisher=C. & E. Layton|year=1876|page=43}}
May 31 – The Massachusetts Council finally decides to move the Christian Indians from Deer Island to Cambridge, Massachusetts (approximate date).
June 1 – Scanian War: Battle of Öland – A combined fleet of the Dutch Republic and Denmark–Norway decisively defeats the Swedish Navy, which loses its flagship Kronan.
June 12 – The Indian coalition attacks Hadley, Massachusetts, but are repelled by Connecticut troops.
June 19 – Massachusetts issues a declaration of amnesty to any Indian who surrenders.
June – Bacon's Rebellion begins in the Virginia Colony. On July 30, Nathaniel Bacon and his followers issue the Declaration of the People of Virginia.

= July–September =

July 2 – Major John Talcott and his troops begin sweeping Connecticut and Rhode Island, capturing large numbers of Native Americans from Algonquian tribes and exporting them out of the English colonies as slaves.
July 4 – Captain Benjamin Church and his soldiers begin sweeping Plymouth Colony, for any remaining Wampanoag tribesmen.
July 11 – The Wampanoags attack Taunton, Massachusetts, but are repelled by colonists.
July 17 – In France, Madame de Brinvilliers is executed for poisoning her father and brothers. The case also scares King Louis XIV into starting a series of investigations about possible poisonings and witchcraft (later called the Affair of the Poisons).
July 27 – Nearly 200 Nipmuc tribesmen surrender to the English colonists in Boston.
July 30 – Virginia colonist Nathaniel Bacon and his makeshift army issue a Declaration of the People of Virginia, instigating Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
August 2 – Captain Benjamin Church captures Metacomet's wife and son.
August 12 – King Philip (Metacomet), chief of the Wampanoags that had waged a war throughout southern New England that bore his name, is killed by an Indian named Alderman, a soldier led by Captain Benjamin Church.
August 17 – Battle of Halmstad (fought at Fyllebro): Sweden gains a decisive victory over Denmark–Norway.
August 28 – The Irish Donation of 1676 is shipped from Dublin, to relieve Boston in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
September 19
The Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681) begins, with Russo-Ukrainian troops forcing pro-Ottoman Hetman Ivan Samoylovych to surrender Chyhyryn.
Bacon's Rebellion: Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon.
September 21 – Pope Innocent XI succeeds Pope Clement X, as the 240th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

= October–December =

October 13 – Battle of Gegodog: Trunajaya defeats the Mataram Sultanate.
October 17 – The Treaty of Żurawno is signed, between the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
November 16 – A prison is founded on Nantucket Island, in the English colony of Massachusetts.
November 27 – A fire in Boston, Massachusetts, is accidentally set by a careless and sleepy apprentice, who drops a lighted candle, or leaves it too near some combustible substance; this is the largest fire known at this time in the district. The Rev. Increase Mather’s church, dwelling and a portion of his personal library are destroyed.{{cite book|title=A General History of New England, from the discovery to MDCLXXX|first=William|last=Hubbard|author-link=William Hubbard (clergyman)|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown|year=1848}}
December 4 – Scanian War – Battle of Lund: Sweden defeats the forces of Denmark.
December 7 – Ole Rømer makes the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
December 21 – Sands baronets created in the Baronetage of Ireland.{{cite web |title= Leigh Rayment's list of baronets |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021184256/http://www.leighrayment.com/baronetage.htm |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}

= Date unknown =

Emperor Yohannes I of Ethiopia decrees that Muslims must live separately from Christians throughout his realm.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers microorganisms.
An Åbo Lantdag (assembly) meets in Turku, Finland.
The French East India Company founds its principal Indian base at Pondicherry, on the Coromandel Coast.
The first coffeehouse in North America opens in Boston.{{cite web|url=http://masstraveljournal.com/page/quick-facts/americas-first-coffeehouse|title=America's First Coffeehouse|website=Massachusetts Travel Journal|access-date=2010-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927210021/http://masstraveljournal.com/page/quick-facts/americas-first-coffeehouse|archive-date=2010-09-27|url-status=dead}}