16th BRICS summit

File:16th BRICS Summit family photograph (2024).jpg, Masoud Pezeshkian, Mohamed bin Zayed, Narendra Modi, Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, Cyril Ramaphosa, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Abiy Ahmed]]

The theme of the event was: “Strengthening Multilateralism for Fair Global Development and Security.”{{Cite web|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/85637049/BRICS-summit-opens-in-Russia-s-Kazan-with-Iran-s-president-in|title=BRICS summit opens in Russia's Kazan with Iran's president in attendance|date=23 October 2024|website=IRNA English}}

BRICS members introduced a payment system named BRICS Pay designed to facilitate transactions and the interchange of financial information between central banks of partnered nations, serving as an alternative to the Western interbank system SWIFT.{{cite web | title=BRICS Unveils Blockchain BRICS Pay | website=Altcoin Buzz | date=2024-10-21 | url=https://www.altcoinbuzz.io/cryptocurrency-news/brics-unveils-blockchain-brics-pay/ | access-date=2024-10-21}} This system will facilitate international settlements.{{cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-10-18 |title=BRICS Pay payment System And Its Necessity |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/en/%21international/explained-brics-pay-payment-system-and-its-necessity-enn24101804571 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=ETV Network}}{{cite web | title=金砖国家计划在"金砖支付"框架内试验本币结算 | website=财联社-主流财经新闻集团和财经通讯社-CLS.CN | url=https://m.cls.cn/detail/1379645 | language=zh | access-date=2024-10-21}}{{cite web |date=2024-10-18 |title=喀山峰会：金砖国家从口号转向行动的进展如何？ |url=https://chinese.aljazeera.net/economy/2024/10/18/%E5%96%80%E5%B1%B1%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A%E9%87%91%E7%A0%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A3%E5%8F%B7%E8%BD%AC%E5%90%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%9B%E5%B1%95%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95 |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=Al Jazeera |language=zh}}

The BRICS Kazan Declaration has been adopted.{{cite web | title=BRICS Summit 2024: Kazan Declaration airs concerns over 'coercive measures' | website=Hindustan Times | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/brics-summit-2024-kazan-declaration-airs-concerns-over-coercive-measures-101729727207277.html | access-date=2024-10-24}}{{cite web | title=BRICS leaders adopt joint declaration following summit in Kazan | website=English.news.cn | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://english.news.cn/europe/20241024/a254de1125064a858afbe4537f41184e/c.html | access-date=2024-10-24}} BRICS nations endorse reform of the UN and Security Council and the full participation of the State of Palestine in the United Nations, contingent upon the two-state solution.{{cite web | title=BRICS countries stress urgent need for cease-fire in Gaza | website=Anadolu Ajansı | date=2024-10-23 | url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/brics-countries-stress-urgent-need-for-cease-fire-in-gaza/3371725 | access-date=2024-10-24}} BRICS nations consented to deliberate and investigate the feasibility of creating an autonomous cross-border settlement and depository system. The finance ministers of BRICS nations will persist in evaluating the utilization of national currencies, payment tools, and platforms during the forthcoming Presidency and will report on the outcomes.{{cite web | title=FACTOBOX Main points from the BRICS declaration | website=Reuters | date=2024-10-23 | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/factobox-main-points-brics-declaration-2024-10-23/ | access-date=2024-10-24}}

On October 24, Russia hosted a plenary session of the 16th BRICS Summit in the BRICS Plus/Outreach format, bringing together CIS leaders, delegations from Asian, African, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries, and the heads of several international organizations.{{cite web | last=Kemelova | first=Fatima | title=Kazakh President Takes Part in BRICS Summit | website=The Astana Times | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://astanatimes.com/2024/10/kazakh-president-takes-part-in-brics-summit/ | access-date=2024-10-25}}

Thirteen nations have been added as partner countries of BRICS: Algeria, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.{{cite web | last=Norman | first=Izzah Aqilah | title=Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand become partner countries of BRICS | website=CNA | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/malaysia-indonesia-vietnam-thailand-brics-asean-global-south-russia-china-4699841 | access-date=2024-10-25}}

File:Meeting between Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin at 2024 BRICS Summit.jpg

Chinese leader Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin held bilateral meeting in Kazan.{{cite web | title=习近平同俄罗斯总统普京举行会晤_中华人民共和国外交部 | website=中华人民共和国外交部 | date=2024-10-23 | url=https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/wjdt_674879/gjldrhd_674881/202410/t20241023_11511727.shtml | language=zh | access-date=2024-10-23}} Presidents called China–Russia relations profound and unchanging in any turbulent geo-political situation, {{Cite web |last=Bao |first=Anniek |date=2024-10-23 |title=China and Russia's 'profound' ties will not change despite 'turbulent' geopolitical landscape, Xi tells Putin |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/10/23/china-russia-ties-wont-change-despite-geopolitical-turbulence-xi.html |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=CNBC |language=en}} and agreed that they must persist in advancing the comprehensive integration of the Belt and Road Initiative with the Eurasian Economic Union, therefore facilitating and bolstering the high-quality advancement of their economies. The parties concurred that, in light of the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations and the 80th anniversary of the victory in World War II in 2025, China and the Russian Federation will persist in enhancing their comprehensive strategic cooperation and upholding the international system centered on the United Nations.{{cite web |title="Greater BRICS cooperation" contributes vitality, wisdom to global governance |website=People's Daily Online |date=2024-10-22 |url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2024/1022/c90000-20232342.html |access-date=2024-10-24}} The participants articulated their intention to enhance the BRICS cooperation framework and to achieve "Greater BRICS Cooperation".{{cite web |title=Xi advocates high-quality development of greater BRICS cooperation |website=English.news.cn |date=2024-10-24 |url=https://english.news.cn/20241024/d0edd888d5ff4bde9f3298cfbfcddcf4/c.html |access-date=2024-10-24}}{{cite web |title=Xi advocates high-quality development of greater BRICS cooperation |website=The State Council of the People's Republic of China |date=2024-10-23 |url=https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202410/23/content_WS6718e939c6d0868f4e8ec383.html |access-date=2024-10-24}}

Russia expressed interests in an alternative international payment solutions among BRICS nation to avoid US secondary sanctions.{{Cite web |title=Putin, Xi discuss payment issues at bilateral talks: Report |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/putin-xi-discuss-payment-issues-at-bilateral-talks-ria-cites-kremlin-aide-2-3244898 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}

File:PM Narendra Modi meeting President of China Xi Jinping at the 16th BRICS Summit (2024) 02.jpg

Indian PM Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping held their first formal bilateral meeting in five years, since the deadly clash between militaries of the two nations in 2020.{{cite web | last=Farooquee | first=Meryl Sebastian & Neyaz | title=Brics: What led to Modi and Xi meeting and thaw in India and China ties | website=BBC Home | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3vlxx9pgxwo | access-date=2024-10-25}} The leaders declared they have reached a deal resolving a four-year stand-off, following by complete disengagement of troops.{{cite web | title=习近平会见印度总理莫迪 | website=中华人民共和国外交部 | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/zyxw/202410/t20241024_11515096.shtml | language=zh | access-date=2024-10-25}} President Xi emphasized the importance of the two ancient civilizations in the global south, stating India-China relations will set an example for other emerging nations.{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-10-23 |title=BRICS Summit 2024 Highlights: PM Modi, President Xi endorse India-China patrolling agreement |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/brics-summit-2024-kazan-russia-modi-china-putin-xi-jinping-live-updates-october-23-2024/article68785550.ece |access-date=2024-10-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=}}{{Cite web |title=China's Xi and India's Modi meet after border accord between two countries |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/23/chinas-xi-and-indias-modi-meet-following-military-pact-on-disputed-border |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

Modi stated that sustaining steady development of India–China relations is crucial for both nations and their populations, impacting the welfare and future of 2.8 billion individuals, and is also significant for regional and global peace and stability.{{cite web | title=Modi-Xi Meeting: A Milestone In The Making For India-China Relations? | website=News18 | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.news18.com/opinion/opinion-modi-xi-meeting-a-milestone-in-the-making-for-india-china-relations-9097838.html | access-date=2024-10-25}} China and India regard this meeting as constructive and significant, agreeing to approach China-India ties from a strategic and long-term perspective to prevent individual issues from impacting the overall relationship between the two nations.{{cite web | title=PM Modi, Chinese President Xi's meeting 'positive and put bilateral ties back on track': JNU Professor | website=Lokmat Times | date=2024-10-25 | url=https://www.lokmattimes.com/international/pm-modi-chinese-president-xis-meeting-positive-and-put-bilateral-ties-back-on-track-jnu-professor/ | access-date=2024-10-25}}{{cite web | title=Modi and Xi meet days after announcing border accord | website=Khmer Times - Insight into Cambodia | date=2024-10-24 | url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501579683/modi-and-xi-meet-days-after-announcing-border-accord/ | access-date=2024-10-25}}

File:PM in a bilateral meeting with the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr. Masoud Pezeshkian, on the sidelines of the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia on October 22, 2024.jpg

Indian PM Narendra Modi and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian held bilateral meetings discussing continuation of Chabahar Port, the International North-South Transport Corridor, reconstruction of Afghanistan, economic and trade linkages to Central Asia, and minimising Israeli–Palestinian conflict.{{cite web | title=In a first, PM Modi meets Iranian President Pezeshkian, discusses India's role in resolving middle east tension | website=The Indian Express | date=2024-10-22 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-meets-iranian-president-pezeshkian-brics-summit-in-russia-9633670/ | access-date=2024-10-26}}{{cite web | last=Khan | first=Mohsin | title=Watch | website=Hindustan Times | date=2024-10-23 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/world-news/pm-modi-iran-s-president-meet-amid-mid-east-tensions-pezeshkian-seeks-india-s-help-in-watch-101729663319616.html | access-date=2024-10-26}}

President Pezeshkian accepted the invitation to visit India offered by India.{{Cite web |title=PM Modi Holds Bilateral Talks With Iranian President At BRICS Summit |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-holds-bilateral-talks-with-iranian-president-at-brics-summit-6850812 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=NDTV.com}}

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa held bilateral meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin where he called Russia a "valued ally" for its support during apartheid.{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2024 |title=South Africa sees Russia as a valued ally, Ramaphosa tells Putin |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/south-africa-sees-russia-valued-ally-ramaphosa-tells-putin-2024-10-22/ |access-date=October 22, 2024 |website=Reuters}}{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=South Africa sees Russia as a valued ally, Ramaphosa tells Putin |url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2024/south-africa-sees-russia-as-a-valued-ally-ramaphosa-tells-putin/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=www.cnbcafrica.com |language=en}}

{{See also|List of BRICS summit attendees}}

File:Vladimir Putin (2020-02-20).jpg|alt=Vladimir Putin, President|{{RUS}}
Vladimir Putin, President (Host){{cite web |title=Putin to host BRICS summit in a bid to advance Russia's own interests |website=euronews |date=2024-10-21 |url=https://www.euronews.com/2024/10/21/putin-to-host-brics-summit-in-a-bid-to-advance-russias-own-interests |access-date=2024-10-21}}

File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Portrait (crop).png|{{IND}}
Narendra Modi, Prime Minister{{Cite web |title='Kazan beckons but sadly Manipur still awaits': Congress' dig at PM ahead of BRICS summit |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kazan-beckons-but-sadly-manipur-still-awaits-congress-dig-at-pm-ahead-of-brics-summit-3241302 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}} |alt=India Narendra Modi, Prime Minister

File:Xi Jinping 2019.jpg|alt=ChinaXi Jinping, President|{{CHN}}
Xi Jinping, President{{efn|name="chineseleader"|The head of government of China is the Premier, while the President is legally a ceremonial office and has no real power in China's political system. However, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (top position) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of transition, and the current paramount leader is Xi Jinping.}}{{cite web |date=12 September 2024 |title=China's Xi to Attend BRICS Summit in Russia Next Month |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/09/12/chinas-xi-to-attend-brics-summit-in-russia-next-month-a86345 |access-date=13 September 2024 |website=The Moscow Times |language=en}}

File:2019 Reunião Informal do BRICS - 48142657142 (cropped).jpg|alt=South Africa|{{SAF}}
Cyril Ramaphosa, President{{cite web | title=Ramaphosa to attend Brics Summit in Russia | website=Freight News | date=2024-10-18 | url=https://www.freightnews.co.za/article/ramaphosa-attend-brics-summit-russia | access-date=2024-10-21}}

File:AbdelFattah Elsisi.jpg|alt=Egypt|{{EGY}}
Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, President{{cite web | title=Pezeshkian to meet with Egyptian counterpart in Russia | website=Tehran Times | date=2024-10-20 | url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/505231/Pezeshkian-to-meet-with-Egyptian-counterpart-in-Russia | access-date=2024-10-21}}{{cite web | title=Pezeshkian, El-Sisi to meet in Kazan, Russia | publisher=Mehr News Agency | date=2024-10-20 | url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/223236/Pezeshkian-El-Sisi-to-meet-in-Kazan-Russia | access-date=2024-10-21}}

File:Sergio Mattarella and Abiy Ahmed Ali (2) (cropped).jpg|alt=Ethiopia|{{ETH}}
Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister{{cite web | title=Meeting with Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed | website=President of Russia | date=2024-10-23 | url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/75380 | access-date=2024-10-26}}{{cite web | title=PM Abiy Discusses Ethiopia's Desires for Sea Outlet with BRICS Leaders | website=ENA English | url=https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_5352435 | access-date=2024-10-26}}

File:Masoud Pezeshkian 2024 (A) (cropped).jpg|alt=Iran|{{IRI}}
Masoud Pezeshkian, President{{cite web | title=Pezeshkian, El-Sisi to meet in Kazan, Russia | publisher=Mehr News Agency | date=2024-10-20 | url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/223236/Pezeshkian-El-Sisi-to-meet-in-Kazan-Russia | access-date=2024-10-21}}

File:Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan - 2021 (51683733605) (cropped).jpg|alt=United Arab Emirates|{{UAE}}
Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President{{cite news | url=https://www.wam.ae/en/article/b5tthpo-uae-president-attends-brics-summit-inaugurated | title=WAM }}

Indian prime minister Modi and South African president Ramaphosa chose to attend the BRICs summit instead of the 2024 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, which was held the same week in Samoa. The Independent observed that this is a sign the two Commonwealth of Nations states "place greater weight on maintaining relations with China and Russia than on the more diffuse attractions of CHOGM".{{cite news |title=Who is attending the Commonwealth summit and what will they talk about? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/politics-explained/chogm-samoa-commonwealth-slavery-king-charles-brics-b2634436.html |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=The Independent |date=24 October 2023}}

Two days before the start of the summit, Brazilian president Lula da Silva announced that he would not be attending in person due to a minor brain hemorrhage following a fall. However, he announced he would participate via videoconferencing. Foreign minister Mauro Vieira led the Brazilian delegation in place of da Silva.{{cite news |last1=Ayres |first1=Marcela |title=Brazil's Lula cancels BRICS trip after minor brain hemorrhage from fall |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazils-lula-cancels-trip-brics-summit-kazan-medical-advice-2024-10-20/ |access-date=21 October 2024 |work=Reuters}}

File:Lula (05-09-2024).jpg|alt=BrazilLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President|{{BRA}}
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President

File:2024 BRICS Summit (1729759568).jpg

File:2024 BRICS Summit (1729758532).jpg

File:2024 BRICS Summit (1729759571).jpg, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and UAE President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan]]

File:Russian President Vladimir Putin and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.jpg and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres]]

File:Meeting between Abdel Fattah el-Sisi and Vladimir Putin at 2024 BRICS Summit.jpg]]

Miguel Díaz-Canel, president of Cuba, was invited to the summit but stayed in Cuba due to the 2024 Cuba blackout. Aleksandar Vučić, president of Serbia, could not attend due to a conflicting visit from European Union representatives to Serbia. Both Cuba and Serbia sent representatives to the summit in place of their respective heads of state.{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Kyiv |date=2024-10-22 |title=Three Leaders to Skip BRICS Summit in Kazan Despite Putin's Invite |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/40892 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Kyiv Post |language=en}}

The summit sparked significant controversy, particularly surrounding UN Secretary-General António Guterres’s meeting with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Critics, including political scientist Alexander J. Motyl in his article published on The Hill, argue that Guterres’s cordial interaction with Putin, whom the International Criminal Court has charged with war crimes, undermines the moral authority of the United Nations.{{Cite news |last=Motyl |first=Alexander J. |date=November 1, 2024 |title=Why is the UN Secretary-General playing nice with Putin? |url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/4964768-why-is-the-un-secretary-general-playing-nice-with-putin/ |work=The Hill}} Motyl and others contend that Guterres’s actions implicitly endorse Putin's aggression in Ukraine, weakening both the UN’s credibility and its position on global justice. Ukrainian journalist Ihor Petrenko echoes this sentiment, condemning Guterres for failing to challenge Putin’s dismissive rhetoric regarding the war.{{Cite news |last=Petrenko |first=Ihor |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Guterres-Putin meeting sparked condemnation; BRICS summit didn’t prioritize war in Ukraine |url=https://insightnews.media/guterres-putin-meeting-sparked-condemnation-brics-summit-didnt-prioritize-war-in-ukraine/ |work=Insight News}} In contrast, scholars like Bahauddin Foizee defend Guterres's engagement with controversial leaders as necessary for maintaining diplomatic channels and fostering peace.{{Cite news |last=Foizee |first=Bahauddin |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Here’s Why UN Secretary-General Joined Putin at BRICS Summit in Russia |url=https://opedcolumnsyndication.news.blog/2024/10/25/here-why-un-secretary-general-joined-putin-at-brics-summit-in-russia/ |work=Oped Column Syndication}} Foizee suggests that excluding Russia from international discussions could hinder the UN's broader peace efforts. Meanwhile, Lithuanian leaders, including Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė and Foreign Minister Gabrielius Landsbergis, criticized Guterres for perceived moral inconsistency, noting his attendance at the BRICS summit with Putin and Belarusian President Lukashenko despite not attending a Ukraine-focused peace summit in Switzerland earlier.{{Cite news |date=October 25, 2024 |title=Lithuanian leaders slam UN chief meeting Putin, Lukashenko in Russia |url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2397224/lithuanian-leaders-slam-un-chief-meeting-putin-lukashenko-in-russia |work=LRT (Lithuanian Radio and Television)}} This, they argued, damages Guterres credibility as an impartial mediator. This debate highlights the complex balance between moral leadership and pragmatic diplomacy in a divided global landscape.

• 2023 Russia–Africa Summit
• 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite web |date=24 October 2024 |title=BRICS summit: Key takeaways from the Kazan declaration |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/factobox-main-points-brics-declaration-2024-10-23/ |website=Reuters}}

{{BRICS}}

Category:2024 controversies

Category:2024 conferences

Category:2024 in international relations

Category:2020s in Kazan

Category:21st-century diplomatic conferences

Category:October 2024 in Russia

Category:Diplomatic conferences in Russia

Category:Events affected by the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Category:BRICS summits