1964 New York World's Fair pavilions#U.S. state and territory pavilions
{{Short description|None}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2024}}
File:1965_new_york_world_fair.jpg at the fair]]
The 1964 New York World's Fair took place at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York, United States, during 1964 and 1965. The fair included 139 pavilions with exhibits by 80 nations, 24 U.S. states, and 350 corporations. The exhibits were split across five regions—the Federal and State, International, Transportation, Amusement, and Industrial areas—which in turn were centered around the Unisphere.
The New York World's Fair 1964 Corporation (WFC) oversaw the 1964 fair and leased out the land to exhibitors, who developed their own pavilions. The different sections were designed in various architectural styles. Anyone could rent exhibition space as long as they could afford to rent the land and pay for their pavilion, though U.S. state pavilions could rent land for free. Many nations from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, though relatively few from Europe, exhibited at the fair. The fairground also hosted many large corporations, in addition to eight religious pavilions, a fraternal order pavilion, and other exhibits. After the fair, some pavilions were preserved or relocated, but the vast majority of structures were demolished.
Background
= Fair =
The New York World's Fair 1964 Corporation (WFC) was formed in 1959 to organize a world's fair in New York City during 1964.{{Cite news |last=Kaplan |first=Morris |date=August 19, 1959 |title=75 Leaders Set Up World Fair Body; Elect Corporation Officers – Congressional Approval Celled Only Hurdle |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/08/19/archives/75-leaders-set-up-world-fair-body-elect-corporation-officers.html |access-date=May 20, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520234328/https://www.nytimes.com/1959/08/19/archives/75-leaders-set-up-world-fair-body-elect-corporation-officers.html |url-status=live }} The Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) refused to formally approve the 1964 New York World's Fair, despite advocacy from WFC president Robert Moses.{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1964 |title=66 Nations Help Set Fair Record; Exhibition Isn't Official, But Its Foreign Roster Is Tops |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/66-nations-help-set-fair-record-exhibition-isnt-official-but-its.html |access-date=May 20, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520234328/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/66-nations-help-set-fair-record-exhibition-isnt-official-but-its.html |url-status=live }}{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=40}} Moses wanted to save the WFC money by having exhibitors erect most of their own pavilions.{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1028}}{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=42}} Nearly all buildings were to be temporary structures.{{cite news |last=Chapman |first=Ralph |date=April 18, 1960 |title=Permanent Buildings Barred at World's Fair: Moses Report to Mayor Cites Law Calling for Restoration as a Park |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=1 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1327176485}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Grutzner |first=Charles |date=April 18, 1960 |title=Moses Sees Fair Lasting 2 Years; Report to Wagner Includes a Reference to 1964–65 Without Qualification |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/04/18/archives/moses-sees-fair-lasting-2-years-report-to-wagner-includes-a.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520020943/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/04/18/archives/moses-sees-fair-lasting-2-years-report-to-wagner-includes-a.html |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last=Collins |first=Thomas |date=April 18, 1960 |title=Moses Sees 2-Yr. Fair Drawing 70 Million |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|898174102}}}} Exhibitors designed their own pavilions, and the construction contractors hired members of local labor unions to build the structures.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=42}} William Everett Potter, who was hired to organize the exhibits,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=8–9}} predicted that the pavilions would use relatively novel construction methods such as structural plastics, thin-shell structures, and prestressed concrete.{{cite news |date=February 15, 1961 |title=World's Fair May Test New Ways of Building |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=4C |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1325191611}}}} Construction of the first building began in 1960.{{cite news |date=August 1, 1960 |title=Work on Fairs First Building Starts at Once |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=6 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1327216689}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=August 1, 1960 |title=Work to Start on Fair; Construction of First Building Is Due to Begin Today |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1960/08/01/archives/work-to-start-on-fair-construction-of-first-building-is-due-to.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523173845/https://www.nytimes.com/1960/08/01/archives/work-to-start-on-fair-construction-of-first-building-is-due-to.html |url-status=live }} The World's Fair officially opened on April 22, 1964,{{Cite news |date=April 23, 1964 |title=World's Fair Opens To Picketing; Stall-In Fails: Johnson Foresees Global Peace Soon Rain, Racial Troubles Keep Crowd To 90,000; More Than 290 Integrationists Seized |work=The Sun |page=1 |id={{ProQuest|540050678}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=April 23, 1964 |title=Rain Soaks Crowd; Sit-Ins Mar Festivities at Some Pavilions—Attendance Cut |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/23/archives/rain-soaks-crowd-sitins-mar-festivities-at-some-pavilionsattendance.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514000810/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/23/archives/rain-soaks-crowd-sitins-mar-festivities-at-some-pavilionsattendance.html |archive-date=May 14, 2024 |access-date=May 13, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|page=32}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=188}} and its first season ended on October 18, 1964.{{Cite news |date=October 19, 1964 |title=Young Employes Say Farewells Gather to Reminisce on Six Months at Fair — Few Expecting to Return |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/19/archives/young-employes-say-farewells-gather-to-reminisce-on-six-months-at.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516194354/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/19/archives/young-employes-say-farewells-gather-to-reminisce-on-six-months-at.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Cassidy |first=Joseph |date=October 19, 1964 |title=Fair's Last Day Draws Crowd |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-fairs-last-day-draws-crowd/147511723/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516195531/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-fairs-last-day-draws-crowd/147511723/ |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |pages=67 |issn=2692-1251}} The fair reopened for a second and final season on April 21, 1965,{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=April 22, 1965 |title=158,000 Open the Fair's Second Year; Paid Admissions Are 3 Times More Than First Day's in '64 158,000, Half of Them Children, Attend World's Fair on Crisp, Sunny Opening Day |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/22/archives/158000-open-the-fairs-second-year-paid-admissions-are-3-times-more.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516213745/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/22/archives/158000-open-the-fairs-second-year-paid-admissions-are-3-times-more.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Maureen |date=April 22, 1965 |title=The Natives Return—They're Hardy Lot |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-the-natives-re/147516845/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516213738/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-the-natives-re/147516845/ |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=91 |issn=2574-5298}} closing on October 18, 1965.{{cite news |last1=Abrams |first1=Arnold |last2=Smith |first2=Edward G. |date=October 18, 1965 |title=Drunks and Vandals Close the Fair: They Dig the World's Fair on Its Last Day |work=Newsday |page=1 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914444914}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=October 18, 1965 |title=Vandalism Mars Last Day Of the Two-Year Exposition; Weeping Children, Sad Employes and Vandalism Abound as World's Fair Closes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/18/archives/vandalism-mars-last-day-of-the-twoyear-exposition-weeping-children.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516215354/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/18/archives/vandalism-mars-last-day-of-the-twoyear-exposition-weeping-children.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}
The fairground was divided into five regions,{{Cite news |last=Lane |first=Roger |date=December 5, 1963 |title=New York World's Fair Shaping As Top US Business Showcase |work=The Austin Statesman |page=B2 |id={{ProQuest|1522492960}}}} centered around the Unisphere, a representation of the Earth designed by Gilmore D. Clarke and constructed by the American Bridge Company.{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1032}}{{cite magazine |last=Schmertz |first=Mildred F. |date=July 1964 |title=Architecture at the New York World's Fair |via=usmodernist.org |url=https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1964-07.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727215444/https://usmodernist.org/AR/AR-1964-07.pdf |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |access-date=July 27, 2020 |journal=Architectural Record |page=150 |volume=136}} Exhibits for individual U.S. states and the U.S. federal government were concentrated in the Federal & State Area at the center of the fairground near the Unisphere.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=125}} The international exhibits were concentrated in the International Area—a group of pavilions surrounding the Unisphere.{{Cite news |last=Doty |first=Robert C. |date=September 9, 1963 |title=World's Fair Gains Impetus Despite Snubs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/09/09/archives/worlds-fair-gains-impetus-despite-snubs-150-pavilions-rise-road.html |access-date=May 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524155801/https://www.nytimes.com/1963/09/09/archives/worlds-fair-gains-impetus-despite-snubs-150-pavilions-rise-road.html |url-status=live }} Industry pavilions were concentrated around the Industrial Area on the eastern end near the Van Wyck Expressway. The Transportation Area was on the western side of the fairground. South of the Long Island Expressway, connected with the rest of the fair only via one overpass, was the Lake Amusement Area.{{cite news |date=May 24, 1964 |title=World's Fair Plagued by Lack of Customers |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=D18 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|168563620}}}} The 1964 World's Fair had 139 pavilions and 34 other attractions on its opening day.{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |date=April 22, 1964 |title=Statistics Prove It's a Whopping Spectacle; 40 Miles of Walkways Wind Through City of Enchantment; 114 Restaurants Will Help Feed 250,000 Who Visit Daily |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/statistics-prove-its-a-whopping-spectacle-40-miles-of-walkways-wind.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515232622/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/statistics-prove-its-a-whopping-spectacle-40-miles-of-walkways-wind.html |url-status=live }}{{efn|This is sometimes cited as more than 200 exhibits and pavilions.}} Either 121{{Cite news |date=May 9, 1964 |title=World's Fair Offers 121 Free Shows |work=New York Amsterdam News |page=27 |id={{proQuest|226773594}}}} or 124 pavilions and attractions were free; the rest required an additional payment.{{harvnb|Alpert|1964|ps=.|page=21}} The last pavilion to be completed was the Belgian Village, which was not finished until the end of the 1964 season.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=65}}{{cite news |last=Long |first=Tania |date=October 17, 1964 |title=Belgian Village Finished at Last: Medieval 'City' Just in Time for World's Fair Closing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/17/archives/belgian-village-finished-at-last-medieval-city-just-in-time-for.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |page=29 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|115921553}} |archive-date=June 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603210802/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/10/17/archives/belgian-village-finished-at-last-medieval-city-just-in-time-for.html |url-status=live }}
No new pavilions were planned for the 1965 season because it would be costly and time-consuming to add any such pavilions.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=270}}{{cite magazine |last=Frederick |first=Robert B. |date=October 21, 1964 |title=N. Y. World's Fair: Hibernating N. Y. Fair Eyes Finale Anni; Seeks New Face for Fun ... |magazine=Variety |page=62 |volume=236 |issue=9 |id={{ProQuest|962978940}}}} Between the 1964 and 1965 seasons, several exhibitors renovated and modified their pavilions.{{cite news |last=Joseph |first=Richard |date=January 24, 1965 |title=World's Fair Closed for Winter, But It's Still Busy: Officials Polishing Extravaganza |work=Chicago Tribune |page=H3 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|179713143}}}} At least fifty exhibits were upgraded,{{cite news |last=Kursh |first=Harry |date=April 13, 1965 |title=World's Fair Reopens April 21 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=13 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510789503}}}} and five major attractions were added.{{cite news |date=April 19, 1965 |title=World's Fair Reopens Wednesday, Seeking To Lure More Visitors: New Exhibits Part of Attempt To Better 1964's Attendance, But Admission Cost Is Higher |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=15 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133045801}}}} Some exhibitors increased the capacity of their attractions, while other pavilions received new exhibits or interior renovations.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=66–67}} The Florida pavilion took over much of the Lake Amusement Area,{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=March 3, 1965 |title=Free Water Show Planned at Fair; Florida Will Present Skiing in Amphitheater – Moses Predicts Big Success |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/03/03/archives/free-water-show-planned-at-fair-florida-will-present-skiing-in.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604150706/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/03/03/archives/free-water-show-planned-at-fair-florida-will-present-skiing-in.html |url-status=live }}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=67–68}} which became known as the Lake Area.
= Pavilions =
File:Wisconsin Pavilion, Neillsville.jpg, which has since been relocated to Neillsville, Wisconsin|alt=The Wisconsin Pavilion, which has since been relocated to Wisconsin]]
The different sections were designed in various architectural styles,{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=McCandlish |date=April 22, 1964 |title=250,000 Expected; Huge Security Force to Guard Johnson—Parade Is Planned |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/250000-expected-huge-security-force-to-guard-johnsonparade-is.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531214835/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/250000-expected-huge-security-force-to-guard-johnsonparade-is.html |url-status=live }}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=99}}{{cite news |last=Barry |first=Edward |date=July 26, 1964 |title=The Wonderful World of Art: A Gigantic Work of Art—That's New York's World's Fair |work=Chicago Tribune |page=N4 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|179539708}}}} and many of the pavilions were designed in a Space Age style.{{Cite news |last=Rohan |first=Virginia |date=April 21, 2009 |title=A Fair to Remember: 45 Years Ago in Queens, We Saw the Future |work=The Record |page=F.1 |id={{ProQuest|426610123}}}} The New York Times described the buildings as a collection of "domes, disks, cubes, spires, pylons, ovoids, arches, triangles, curves and soaring free forms." Elliptical forms and disks were used extensively throughout the fair,{{harvnb|Guder|1963|ps=.|page=7}} and several pavilions used experimental designs, such as the Bell System, GE, IBM, Kodak, and Port Authority pavilions.{{cite news |date=February 2, 1964 |title=New Techniques Are Found Scarce In Fair Buildings |work=The New York Times |page=R1 |issn=0362-4331 |id={{ProQuest|115672730}}}} Most structures were designed so they could be demolished easily after the fair and rebuilt elsewhere.{{cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Mary |date=April 23, 1965 |title=What Happens When the Fair Is Over?: Demolition Set Buildings to Remain Monorail Considered Space Subsidy Sought |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=5 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510706863}}}} Some of these pavilions, such as the Schaefer Brewing Company Pavilion, were inflatable structures. Most of the state pavilions, and many of the industrial and transportation pavilions, were wheelchair-accessible. However, many of the international pavilions were not fully accessible because these pavilions were often designed in traditional architectural styles.{{Cite news |date=April 26, 1964 |title=Wheel Chairs at Fair; Many Pavilions Easily Accessible To the Physically Handicapped |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/26/archives/wheel-chairs-at-fair-many-pavilions-easily-accessible-to-the.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530182943/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/26/archives/wheel-chairs-at-fair-many-pavilions-easily-accessible-to-the.html |url-status=live }}
Anyone could rent exhibition space as long as they could afford to rent the land, and pay for their pavilion.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=205}} Thus, the space was dominated by large corporations.{{cite web |last=Beckerman |first=Jim |date=April 9, 2024 |title=History of Waffles: How the NY World's Fair Novelty Became Breakfast |url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/04/09/where-did-waffles-come-from-when-how-invented/72989686007/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=Bergen Record |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527163716/https://www.northjersey.com/story/entertainment/dining/2024/04/09/where-did-waffles-come-from-when-how-invented/72989686007/ |url-status=live }} Private companies spent a combined $300 million on their pavilions, and companies such as General Motors and Ford Motor Company spent tens of millions of dollars apiece.{{cite news |last=Schmedel |first=Scott R. |date=April 15, 1964 |title=Industry at the Fair: Firms Press to Reap Marketing Gains From World's Fair Outlays Many Will Get Sales Leads From Guest Books |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|132940186}}}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=98}} Several companies funded their pavilions by reducing promotional spending elsewhere. The Walt Disney Company manufactured several exhibits but did not itself have a pavilion.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=53–57}}{{cite magazine |date=April 15, 1964 |title=N.Y. World's Fair: Ford's Disney Animatronics' Vies With Cm Hmmg Fair's Top Shows |magazine=Variety |pages=55–56 |volume=234 |issue=8 |id={{ProQuest|1032431990}}}} There were several religious pavilions scattered across the fairground,{{harvnb|Wood|1964|ps=.|page=9}} in addition to one fraternal order pavilion (the Masonic pavilion).{{cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Mary |date=February 5, 1964 |title=Masonic Emblem Identifies Exhibit: Brotherhood Theme |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=12 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510502091}}}} Initially, Moses refused to construct structures for the arts, education, or sciences.{{Cite news |date=March 20, 1963 |title='Billion-Dollar Fair' Rising in Flushing; Prospect Is It Will Be 10 Times Seattle's |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-reporter-dispatch-billion-dollar-fa/148382453/ |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The Reporter Dispatch |pages=36 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531200434/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-reporter-dispatch-billion-dollar-fa/148382453/ |url-status=live }} The General Motors and Vatican City pavilions were the fair's most popular exhibits.{{Cite news|last=Alden|first=Robert|date=October 17, 1965|title=Despite Controversies, Attendance Passes All Other Expositions; World's Fair, Closing Today, To Establish Record With More Than 51 Million Visitors in 2 Years|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/17/archives/despite-controversies-attendance-passes-all-other-expositions.html|access-date=June 5, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=June 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605021107/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/17/archives/despite-controversies-attendance-passes-all-other-expositions.html|url-status=live}}
WFC rules officially prevented the fair's officials from influencing the design or contents of any exhibits, although in practice, WFC officials had a significant impact on the contents of exhibits. For example, developing nations were encouraged to showcase their art and culture, rather than technology, and WFC officials pressured Islamic nations to emphasize their religion.{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|page=74|ps=.}}
U.S. state and territory pavilions
Twenty-three state pavilions were built.{{cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Mary |date=September 23, 1963 |title=New York World's Fair Takes Tangible Form: One Pavilion Completed |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=9 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510487114}}}}{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=47}} The fair included exhibits from 24 states,{{cite web |title=Flushing Meadows Corona Park: World's Fair Playground |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/highlights/12712 |access-date=April 18, 2017 |publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation |archive-date=June 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608143554/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/highlights/12712 |url-status=live }} including Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and the six states in New England. In addition, New York City had its own pavilion, as did the neighborhood of Hollywood, Los Angeles.{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1039}} Nineteen of the state pavilions were in the federal and state section,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=128}} and three of the other four state pavilions were clustered around Meadow Lake at the southern end of the fair. None of the state governments had to pay rent for the pavilion.{{cite news |date=July 25, 1963 |title=20 States Balk at World's Fair |work=The Washington Post, Times Herald |page=F8 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|141780100}}}} State governments still had to pay for their own pavilions, and about half the states and Washington, D.C., did not pay for exhibits at the fair. Pavilions for the states of Alabama, Georgia, and Arkansas, as well as the commonwealth of Puerto Rico, were canceled before the fair formally opened.{{cite news |last=Schmedel |first=Scott R. |date=April 19, 1963 |title=World's Fair Woes: With New York Start Only Year Away, Many Exhibitors Drag Feet Ground Not Broken for Most Buildings and Construction Costs Rise; Some Back Out Cheer From Seattle Success World's Fair Woes: Many Exhibitors In New York Dragging Their Feet |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|132860330}}}}
{{Clear}}
International pavilions
There were 45 pavilions in the International Area, most of which featured foreign countries' exhibits. Individual exhibits were presented by 66 nations,{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1964 |title=66 Nations Help Set Fair Record; Exhibition Isn't Official, but Its Foreign Roster Is Tops |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/66-nations-help-set-fair-record-exhibition-isnt-official-but-its.html |access-date=May 20, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=149}} including the United States.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=124}} If nations that were represented only by one city or region are included,{{Efn|For example, West Germany, which was represented by West Berlin}} the fair featured attractions from 80 countries.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=202}} Many nations from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, though relatively few from Europe, exhibited at the fair.{{Cite news |last=Bigart |first=Homer |date=December 2, 1962 |title='64 Fair Seeking a Global Flavor; Flags of Nonparticipating European Nations to Fly Over Private Pavilions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/02/archives/64-fair-seeking-a-global-flavor-flags-of-nonparticipating-european.html |access-date=May 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529022711/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/02/archives/64-fair-seeking-a-global-flavor-flags-of-nonparticipating-european.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Beverly |date=January 25, 1964 |title=So It Will Soon Be Heigh-Ho, Everyone, Come to the New York World's Fair! |work=The Globe and Mail |page=21 |id={{ProQuest|1283415626}}}} Among the countries with official exhibits were Guinea, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, South Korea, Spain, Sudan, Taiwan, Thailand, the United Arab Republic, and Venezuela.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=46}} Other nations set up unofficial exhibits, including Austria, Denmark, Greece, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as the colony of Hong Kong and the enclave of West Berlin. Japan set up both an official and an unofficial exhibit. Foreign nations rented the land from the WFC,{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2010|ps=.|page=503}} and they also paid for lodging, food, and other expenses for their staff.{{Cite news |last=Trumbull |first=Robert |date=April 20, 1964 |title=Fair Personnel Lead Double Life; Foreign Pavilions Contrast Sharply With New York |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/20/archives/fair-personnel-lead-double-life-foreign-pavilions-contrast-sharply.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531210500/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/20/archives/fair-personnel-lead-double-life-foreign-pavilions-contrast-sharply.html |url-status=live }}
Numerous BIE members did not participate in the fair.{{cite magazine |date=February 22, 1961 |title=No Endorsement by Int'l Expositions Bureau Hits N.Y. 1964 World's Fair |magazine=Variety |page=1 |volume=221 |issue=13 |id={{ProQuest|1032412420}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Freeman |first=Ira Henry |date=February 18, 1961 |title=3 Nations Decline to Join Fair Here; Britain, France and Italy Cite Exhibit Treaty – Private Shows Are Possible |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/02/18/archives/3-nations-decline-to-join-fair-here-britain-france-and-italy-cite.html |access-date=May 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524004147/https://www.nytimes.com/1961/02/18/archives/3-nations-decline-to-join-fair-here-britain-france-and-italy-cite.html |url-status=live }}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=140}} These included members of the Commonwealth of Nations, like the United Kingdom, as well as many nations from western Europe. Communist countries boycotted or were disinvited from the fair. Lebanon was the only BIE member with an official exhibit,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=154}} though some BIE members did host unofficial exhibits or were represented by private companies' exhibits.{{cite news |last=Higgins |first=Marguerite |date=March 3, 1961 |title=20 Nations to Have Pavilions at Fair |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=6 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1336636161}}}}{{harvnb|Newsweek|1964a|page=44|ps=.}} The privately sponsored pavilions generally showcased commercial products instead of exhibits about their respective nations' cultures. The WFC encouraged BIE members' governments to lend art to their countries' unofficial exhibits, and several BIE members (including Italy and France) even tried to subsidize their respective unofficial exhibits.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=141–142}} Other countries were represented by regional pavilions, such as the Caribbean and African pavilions.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=202–203}} The fair also attracted many countries that were not BIE members.
Fifty countries displayed craftwork or items manufactured in their respective nations.{{Cite news |date=March 29, 1964 |title=50 Lands to Share Fair's Limelight for 50 Reasons |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/29/archives/50-lands-to-share-fairs-limelight-for-50-reasons.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603174958/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/29/archives/50-lands-to-share-fairs-limelight-for-50-reasons.html |url-status=live }} Many of the international pavilions also sold merchandise,{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1964 |title=Pavilions to Sell Unusual Wares; Items From Many Lands Are Available for Shoppers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/pavilions-to-sell-unusual-wares-items-from-many-lands-are-available.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=June 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608142456/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/pavilions-to-sell-unusual-wares-items-from-many-lands-are-available.html |url-status=live }} as did the International Plaza.
Industry pavilions
The Industrial Area had 43 pavilions in total,{{harvnb|Alpert|1964|ps=.|page=22}} representing nearly 350 American companies.{{harvnb|Newsweek|1964a|page=43|ps=.}} Large firms such as Bell Telephone Company, DuPont, IBM, Kodak, RCA, The Travelers Companies, and US Royal Tires, participated.{{cite news |last=Schmedel |first=Scott R. |date=May 9, 1962 |title=GM Plans Costliest Pavilion for New York World's Fair of '64–65: Company Undecided on Contents; Fair Officials Hope the Plan Will Spur Leasing of Space |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=9 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|132775520}}}} Many of these companies had also participated in the 1939 World's Fair. The 1964 fair included few companies in the food, chemical, tobacco, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. Corporations also rented land from the WFC, except for religious organizations, which were given the land for free.
In general, most of the companies shared space in one of several multi-exhibit buildings,{{harvnb|Guder|1963|ps=.|pages=8–9}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=94}} though about three dozen companies had their own pavilions. The fair included several interior-design and domestic-architecture exhibits,{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1046}} including at least six houses and 29 kitchen displays.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=119}} Several of the industry pavilions offered free merchandise to visitors,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=101–102}} which often succeeded in attracting customers.{{cite news |last=Schmedel |first=Scott R. |date=September 23, 1964 |title=World's Fair Payoff: Corporate Exhibitors Score Triumphs Though Festival Has Problems |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=1 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|132905305}}}} In addition, numerous buildings such as the Tower of Light and Ford pavilions had executive lounges.
{{clear right}}
Transportation pavilions
Transportation companies, such as car manufacturers Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors,{{harvnb|Wood|1964|ps=.|pages=10–11}} displayed products in the Transportation Area section of the fairground.
Religious pavilions
Robert Moses also provided about {{Convert|7|acre}} for religious groups at the fairground, and he invited every major sect of Christianity to the fair.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=21}} Eight religious pavilions were built: the Billy Graham, Christian Science, Mormon, Protestant and Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Sermons from Science, Two Thousand Tribes, and Vatican pavilions.{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1964 |title=Religion Present Throughout Fair; 8 Pavilions Add Depth to Spirit of Carnival |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/religion-present-throughout-fair-8-pavilions-add-depth-to-spirit-of.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530215825/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/religion-present-throughout-fair-8-pavilions-add-depth-to-spirit-of.html |url-status=live }} The Protestant and Orthodox pavilion was the only religious pavilion to house more than one sect.{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2015|page=70|ps=.}} Each religious pavilion was staffed by volunteers.{{Cite news |date=July 20, 1964 |title=Church Pavilions Use Volunteers; 250 Serving in 8 Exhibits at Fair in Leisure Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/20/archives/church-pavilions-use-volunteers-250-serving-in-8-exhibits-at-fair.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530215826/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/20/archives/church-pavilions-use-volunteers-250-serving-in-8-exhibits-at-fair.html |url-status=live }} A proposed Jewish pavilion was canceled and replaced by the American-Israel Pavilion,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=22}}{{cite news |date=April 20, 1963 |title=World's Fair to Feature Many Religious Pavilions |work=The Hartford Courant |page=13 |issn=1047-4153 |id={{ProQuest|548043235}}}} and a unified Temple of Religion for Protestants, Catholics, and Jews was also rejected.{{harvnb|Nicoletta|2015|pages=67–68|ps=.}}
Other pavilions
Other pavilions included:
Unbuilt and unopened pavilions
The World's Fair originally was supposed to contain a five-story World of Food pavilion,{{cite news |date=August 10, 1961 |title=Plan Food Pavilion At World's Fair |work=New York Herald Tribune |page=11 |issn=1941-0646 |id={{ProQuest|1325840694}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=August 10, 1961 |title=Gourmet Snacks Due at 1964 Fair; Food Pavilion to Dispense International Favorites |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/08/10/archives/gourmet-snacks-due-at-1964-fair-food-pavilion-to-dispense.html |access-date=May 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} which was dismantled shortly before the fair opened.{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Andrew F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNieCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA651 |title=Savoring Gotham: A Food Lover's Companion to New York City |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-19-939702-0 |page=651 |postscript=none |access-date=May 31, 2024}}; {{Cite news |date=April 11, 1964 |title=Auto Show Holds Trial Run at Fair; Workers Begin Demolishing World of Food Pavilion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/11/archives/auto-show-holds-trial-run-at-fair-workers-begin-demolishing-world.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} WFC officials wanted the World of Food pavilion demolished because it was located near the fair's main entrance and would not be completed in time for the fair's opening.{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Thomas A. |date=January 22, 1964 |title=Fair Finds Another Bone-- In Food Pavilion |work=Newsday |page=11 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|913562960}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=January 21, 1964 |title=Fair Restrained in Building Fight; Would Raze Pavilion It Says Can't Be Ready in Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/21/archives/fair-restrained-in-building-fight-would-raze-pavilion-it-says-cant.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The American Indian pavilion, which would have contained five structures, was never completed.{{cite web |title=American Indian Exposition |url=http://www.nywf64.com/amind02.shtml |access-date=May 29, 2024 |website=1964 New York World's Fair 1965}} The Argentine pavilion was completed but was never used as such. At the western end of the fairground, land had been reserved for an "aerospace island".{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=McCandlish |date=August 5, 1962 |title=Fair Is Uncertain on Space Exhibit; Officials Here Favor Unified 'Aerospace Island' Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/08/05/archives/fair-is-uncertain-on-space-exhibit-officials-here-favor-unified.html |access-date=May 28, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The WFC had also considered a pavilion for fashion firms,{{cite magazine |date=April 18, 1963 |title=The World's Fair Is Not In Fashion—As Of Now |magazine=Women's Wear Daily |pages=9 |volume=106 |issue=76 |id={{ProQuest|1862361459}}}} though fashion shows were ultimately split between the New York State Pavilion and Better Living Center.{{Cite news |date=April 18, 1964 |title=Haute Couture Coming to Fair In Abundance of Varied Shows |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/18/archives/haute-couture-coming-to-fair-in-abundance-of-varied-shows.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516004843/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/18/archives/haute-couture-coming-to-fair-in-abundance-of-varied-shows.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 15, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Other pavilions were canceled by the WFC, including an art pavilion{{Cite news |date=March 2, 1964 |title=Art Societies Say Moses Vetoed Plan for Major Exhibit at Fair; Fear of a Controversy Over Contemporary Works Seen by Backers of Ldea |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/02/archives/art-societies-say-moses-vetoed-plan-for-major-exhibit-at-fair-fear.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=97–98}} and an exhibit for the People's Republic of China.{{Cite news |last=Perlmutter |first=Emanuel |date=June 3, 1962 |title=World's Fair Bid to Peiping Barred; Kennedy Refused to Permit Invitation, Moses Says |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/06/03/archives/worlds-fair-bid-to-peiping-barred-kennedy-refused-to-permit.html |access-date=May 27, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Some foreign exhibitors were rejected in late 1963 because there was not enough time to develop their pavilions.{{Cite news |date=December 21, 1963 |title=World's Fair Rejects 4 Late Nations |work=New York Amsterdam News |page=42 |id={{proQuest|226775518}}}}
The Soviet Union (along with its 15 Soviet republics{{Cite news |date=March 3, 1962 |title=Soviet Signs Lease for Fair Site; All 15 Republics Will Exhibit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/03/03/archives/soviet-signs-lease-for-fair-site-all-15-republics-will-exhibit.html |access-date=May 24, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}) and Israel were supposed to have operated exhibits as well.{{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=45–46}} The Soviet Union withdrew after a spat regarding the United States' participation in two Soviet world's fairs,{{cite news |last=Cashman |first=John |date=October 3, 1962 |title=New Soviet Walkout Looms-- From Fair |work=Newsday |page=5 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|899194206}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Frankel |first=Max |date=October 3, 1962 |title=Soviet Pulls Out of World's Fair; Asserts U.S. Insists on Own Exhibition in Russia, but Capital Sees Pretext |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/10/03/archives/soviet-pulls-out-of-worlds-fair-asserts-us-insists-on-own.html |access-date=May 29, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and it refused to join for the 1965 season.{{Cite news |date=September 19, 1964 |title=Soviet Spurns Bid to Exhibit at Fair; Negotiations for a Pavilion Next Year Break Down |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/19/archives/soviet-spurns-bid-to-exhibit-at-fair-negotiations-for-a-pavilion.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Israel withdrew after its government decided to reallocate funds away from the planned Israeli pavilion. Several BIE members, including Canada, France, and the Netherlands, canceled plans for official pavilions at the 1964 fair after the BIE approved Expo 67 in Montreal, Quebec.{{Cite news |last=Lerner |first=Leonard |date=December 9, 1962 |title=5 Countries Quit N.Y. Fair for Montreal Event |work=Boston Globe |page=A_6 |id={{ProQuest|276224633}}}} A privately sponsored French pavilion, which was supposed to have contained three structures,{{cite news |date=December 12, 1962 |title=This Is What the French Pavilion Will Look Like at the New York World's Fair |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=1 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510441603}}}} was partially built and then canceled.{{Cite news |date=June 6, 1963 |title='64 Fair Drops Plan For French Pavilion; '64 Fair Drops French Pavilion Sponsored by a Private Group |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/06/06/archives/64-fair-drops-plan-for-french-pavilion-64-fair-drops-french.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Puerto Rico also canceled its planned pavilion due to a lack of money.{{Cite news|date=December 27, 1962|title=Puerto Rico Will Not Be 'In' World's Fair|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-troy-record-puerto-rico-will-not-be/152983827/|access-date=August 10, 2024|work=The Troy Record|pages=29}} Some of these nonexistent exhibits were displayed on official maps, causing confusion among visitors.{{Cite news |date=August 11, 1964 |title=Visitors at the Fair Seek Sights Not to Be Seen |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/11/archives/visitors-at-the-fair-seek-sights-not-to-be-seen.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}
Remaining pavilions
After the fair, most pavilions were demolished, while some pavilions remained in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park or were moved elsewhere.{{cite web |date=February 10, 2011 |title=1964 World's Fair Austrian Pavilion Is History |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2011/02/10/1964-worlds-fair-austrian-pavilion-is-history/ |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=New York Daily News}} Several exhibitors chose to sell off their buildings due to the high cost of demolition,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=82}} including U.S. Steel and Thailand.{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |date=June 26, 1965 |title=For Sale at Fair: Tire Ahd Temple; Ferris Wheel and Exhibit of Thailand Seek Buyers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/26/archives/for-sale-at-fair-tire-ahd-temple-ferris-wheel-and-exhibit-of.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In other cases, exhibitors sold off the contents of their pavilions,{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=81}} or people offered to salvage specific parts of pavilions.{{Cite news|last=Alden|first=Robert|date=August 15, 1965|title=Wreckers to Get Fair's Ornaments; Cost of Salvage Is Too High for Individual Sales|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/15/archives/wreckers-to-get-fairs-ornaments-cost-of-salvage-is-too-high-for.html|access-date=June 4, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
=Structures at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park=
File:New York Worlds Fairgrounds.jpg
The New York Daily News wrote in 2012 that the remaining structures from the fair "have provided Flushing Meadows–Corona Park with some of its most striking structures".{{cite news |last=Colangelo |first=Lisa L. |date=June 14, 2012 |title=Park Administrator Has Community Touch |work=New York Daily News |page=7 |issn=2692-1251 |id={{ProQuest|1462680741}}}} Preserved at the center of the park is the Unisphere, which is a New York City designated landmark.{{cite news |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38447505/ |title=Unisphere Nears Landmark Status |last=Avashti |first=Surabhi |date=May 15, 1995 |work=New York Daily News |access-date=November 4, 2019 |page=292 |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123222900/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38447505/unisphere-nears-landmark-status/ |url-status=live |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |id={{ProQuest|430178599}} |title=Neighborhood Report: Flushing Meadows – Corona Park; Safe at Last |date=May 14, 1995 |page=13.8 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}} Near the Unisphere is the New York City Pavilion, which hosts the Queens Museum{{Cite news |last=Cotter |first=Holland |date=November 7, 2013 |title=A Local Place for a Global Neighborhood |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/arts/design/the-expanded-queens-museum-reopens.html |access-date=May 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{cite web |last=Harpaz |first=Beth J. |date=April 27, 2014 |title=Relics of the 1964 World's Fair Reveal Our Fascination with Outer Space |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/apr/27/relics-of-the-1964-worlds-fair-reveal-our/ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |website=Spokesman |agency=The Associated Press}} and continues to display Panorama of the City of New York, an exhibit created for the 1964 fair.{{Cite news |last=Kilgannon |first=Corey |date=February 2, 2007 |title=On the Town, Sized Down, Jazzed Up |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/02/arts/design/02pano.html |access-date=May 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Also nearby is the New York State Pavilion, which is largely unused {{as of|2024|lc=y}};{{cite web |last=Chayes |first=Matthew |date=April 27, 2024 |title=Restoration Aims to Restore Luster of Decaying 1964 World's Fair Pavilion |url=https://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/1964-worlds-fair-nuvob91o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429135330/https://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/1964-worlds-fair-nuvob91o |archive-date=April 29, 2024 |access-date=April 29, 2024 |website=Newsday |issn=2574-5298}} the State Pavilion's former Theaterama is used by the Queens Theatre in the Park.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=197}} The U.S. Post Office pavilion became a skating rink,{{Cite news |last=Leahy |first=Jack |date=March 3, 1978 |title=Skate Rink Gets Rolling in Flushing Meadows |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-skate-rink-gets-rolling-in-fl/147582518/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520144402/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-skate-rink-gets-rolling-in-fl/147582518/ |archive-date=May 20, 2024 |access-date=May 17, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |pages=348 |issn=2692-1251}} then a warehouse.{{cite web |date=December 27, 2022 |title=U.S. Post Office |url=https://www.worldsfairphotos.com/nywf64/post-office.htm |access-date=June 1, 2024 |website=The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair}}
In the northwestern part of the park, the New York Hall of Science was preserved as a museum{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/09/22/archives/hopeful-future-museum-but-citys-hall-of-science-still-retains-aura.html |title=Hopeful Future Museum; But City's Hall of Science Still Retains Aura Reminiscent of the World's Fair |date=September 22, 1966 |access-date=April 6, 2008 |first=Walter |last=Sullivan |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}} and was expanded in 2004.{{Cite news |last=Rothstein |first=Edward |date=November 24, 2004 |title=From Internet Arm Wrestling to the Magic of Math |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/24/arts/design/from-internet-arm-wrestling-to-the-magic-of-math.html |access-date=May 21, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The Hall of Science includes two rockets from the fair's Space Park.{{cite book |title=Flushing Meadows Corona Park Strategic Framework Plan |author=Quennell Rothschild & Partners |author2=Smith-Miller + Hawkinson Architects |chapter=Appendix: The History of Flushing Meadows Corona Park |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/vt_flushing_meadows/presentation/07appendix.pdf |publisher=New York City Department of Parks and Recreation |access-date=November 12, 2017 |pages=53}} The Port Authority pavilion became the Terrace on the Park banquet hall.{{cite web |last=Doda |first=Bob |date=September 9, 2011 |title=The 'Wow' Factor at Terrace on the Park |url=https://qns.com/2011/09/the-wow-factor-at-terrace-on-the-park/ |access-date=June 6, 2024 |website=QNS |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Marzlock |first=Ron |date=April 30, 1962 |title=What was a heliport is now Terrace On The Park |url=https://www.qchron.com/qboro/i_have_often_walked/what-was-a-heliport-isnow-terrace-on-the-park/article_7cc67417-f091-5945-9a96-250f79f4ed45.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |website=Queens Chronicle |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Dunlap |first=David W. |date=April 16, 2014 |title=World's Fair Showed a Different Side of the Port Authority |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/17/nyregion/worlds-fair-brought-out-port-authoritys-whimsical-side.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The Winston Churchill Tribute became the aviary for the neighboring Queens Zoo,{{cite news |date=July 8, 1974 |title=World Fair Tarries at New York Park Site: Fixtures Torn Out |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=3B |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|511663957}}}} which opened in 1968.{{Cite news |last=Asbury |first=Edith Evans |date=October 27, 1968 |title=Moses Helps to Open First Queens Zoo |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/10/27/archives/moses-helps-to-open-first-queens-zoo.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Near the zoo is the Flushing Meadows Carousel.{{cite web |title=Flushing Meadows Carousel |website=Time Out New York Kids |date=July 3, 2012 |url=https://www.timeout.com/new-york-kids/attractions/flushing-meadows-carousel |access-date=May 21, 2024}} The World's Fair Marina, built for the 1939 fair and expanded for the 1964 fair,{{Cite news |date=April 17, 1964 |title=Pleasure Boat News; World's Fair Marina Has Space For Boat-Owning Fans of Mets |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/17/archives/pleasure-boat-news-worlds-fair-marina-has-space-for-boatowning-fans.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} still operates along Flushing Bay.{{cite web |title=Marinas : World's Fair Marina : NYC Parks |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/facilities/marinas/13 |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation}} The fair's Press Building became a New York City Police Department (NYPD) facility, and the Greyhound Building became a New York City Fire Department facility.{{Cite news |first=Lester |last=Abelman |date=April 4, 1966 |title=City to Build Big Exhibits in Flushing Park |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-city-to-build-big-exhibits-in/148975787/ |access-date=June 9, 2024 |work=New York Daily News |pages=208}} In addition, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) took over several other structures.{{Cite news |date=April 4, 1966 |title=Moses Shapes Promise Out of World's Fair Past |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-moses-shapes-p/148976740/ |access-date=June 9, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=25}} NYC Parks and the NYPD jointly took over the fair's main entrance building at the northern end of the site;{{Cite news |title=Big Park To Follow The Fair |last=Ferretti |first=Fred |work=Boston Globe |date=July 11, 1965 |page=31 |id={{ProQuest|366542044}}}} the structure, known as the Passerelle Building, also includes a ramp to the New York City Subway's Willets Point station.{{Cite news|first=David|last=Medina|date=March 17, 1974|title=Spirited '76 Aim for Bicentennial at Park|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-spirited-76-aim-for-bicenten/149071700/|access-date=June 10, 2024|work=Daily News|pages=146}}
Several monuments remain on the sites of former pavilions. The Column of Jerash, an ancient column of Jordan, stands on the site of the Jordan pavilion near the Unisphere,{{cite news |last=Marcus |first=Jon |date=June 13, 1999 |title=The Future Was Then; NYC Dusts Off Relics of Its World's Fairs |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=E01 |issn=0190-8286 |id={{ProQuest|408480364}}}}{{cite web |title=Flushing Meadows Corona Park Monuments: Column of Jerash |website=NYC Parks |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/monuments/812 |access-date=May 20, 2024}} while a stone bench marking the site of the Vatican pavilion stands east of the main fountain.{{Cite web |title=Flushing Meadows Corona Park Monuments – Vatican Shrine |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/monuments/1623 |access-date=October 26, 2019 |website=NYC Parks}} A plaque marks the site of the Garden of Meditation.{{cite web |title=Flushing Meadows Corona Park Monuments – Garden of Meditation |url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/flushing-meadows-corona-park/monuments/570 |access-date=June 1, 2024 |website=NYC Parks}}
Other buildings remained for several years before being demolished. The Travel and Transportation Pavilion was destroyed in 1967 after a failed conversion to a fire station, and the United States Pavilion was demolished in 1977 after extensive deterioration.{{Harvnb|Cotter|Young|2008|pages=55, 67|ps=.}}{{cite web |date=May 3, 2015 |title=Flushing Meadows-Corona Park: Historic Preservation Studio |url=https://issuu.com/barrettreiter/docs/fmcp_hpstudioii2015_printedition_re |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401145529/https://issuu.com/barrettreiter/docs/fmcp_hpstudioii2015_printedition_re |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |access-date=March 31, 2017 |publisher=Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation |page=71 |via=Issuu}} The Aquacade amphitheater, originally built for the 1939 fair, also decayed extensively{{cite web |date=April 3, 1995 |title=Bid to Salvage Aquacade |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/1995/04/03/bid-to-salvage-aquacade/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=New York Daily News |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Holloway |first=Lynette |date=June 6, 1995 |title=Love in the Ruins; Preservationists Fight to Save Crumbling Queens Aquacade |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/06/nyregion/love-in-the-ruins-preservationists-fight-to-save-crumbling-queens-aquacade.html |access-date=May 22, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and was ultimately demolished in 1996.{{cite web |last=Marzlock |first=Ron |date=March 22, 2012 |title=The Fair's Million-Dollar Aquacade |url=https://www.qchron.com/qboro/i_have_often_walked/the-fair-s-million-dollar-aquacade/article_185ee7eb-bb73-52f4-84a3-b537ebba079a.html |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=Queens Chronicle}} The Singer Bowl became a sports venue.{{Cite news |date=February 28, 1971 |title=City to Repair Old Singer Bowl on Fair Grounds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/28/archives/city-to-repair-old-singer-bowl-on-fair-grounds.html |access-date=May 20, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The Louis Armstrong Stadium replaced half of the Singer Bowl in 1977, while the remainder of the venue was preserved as a grandstand,{{cite web |last=Carpenter |first=Les |date=September 12, 2015 |title=Grand Finale: US Open's Irreplaceable Grandstand Readies for the Wrecking Ball |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/12/grand-finale-us-opens-irreplaceable-grandstand-readies-for-the-wrecking-ball |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=the Guardian}} which was razed in 2016.{{cite web |date=August 27, 2018 |title=Janis and Jimi Jamming at the Singer Bowl |url=https://www.villagevoice.com/janis-and-jimi-jamming-at-the-singer-bowl/ |access-date=May 20, 2024 |website=The Village Voice}}
=Structures relocated=
Other structures were relocated at the end of the fair.{{cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Mary |date=September 23, 1965 |title=World's Fair Plans for Closing Curtain: Pavilions to Move |work=The Christian Science Monitor |page=11 |issn=0882-7729 |id={{ProQuest|510830485}}}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=85–86}} Several international pavilions remained near New York City. Denmark's pavilion became a mall in Westport, Connecticut;{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=85}}{{Cite news |date=October 17, 1965 |title=Danish Pavilion Is Bought For a Market in Westport |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/17/archives/danish-pavilion-is-bought-for-a-market-in-westport.html |access-date=June 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} India's pavilion became an office building in Clifton, New Jersey;{{Cite news |date=January 29, 1967 |title=Pavilion of Old Fair Will Get a New Life As Office Building; World's Fair Pavilion Will Get New Life as Office Building |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/01/29/archives/pavilion-of-old-fair-will-get-a-new-life-as-office-building-worlds.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and Japan's pavilion went to Manhattanville College.{{Cite news |date=October 13, 1965 |title=Japan Giving Fair Pavilion to Manhattanville College |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/13/archives/japan-giving-fair-pavilion-to-manhattanville-college.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Further away, Austria's pavilion became a ski lodge in western New York;{{cite web |date=January 25, 2011 |title=Fire Destroys Historic Pavilion at Cockaigne |url=https://www.wbfo.org/2011-01-25/fire-destroys-historic-pavilion-at-cockaigne |access-date=June 3, 2024 |website=WBFO}} Malaysia's pavilion was donated to the University of Plano;{{cite book |last1=Jacobs |first1=Mary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoLNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89 |title=Hidden History of Plano |last2=Campbell |first2=Jeff |publisher=History Press |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-4396-6935-8 |page=89}} the Paris pavilion became a bowling alley in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania; Spain's pavilion was relocated to a hotel in St. Louis, Missouri;{{cite web |date=September 17, 2022 |title=What Was the Spanish Pavilion? |url=https://www.stlmag.com/history/st-louis-sage/what-was-the-spanish-pavilion/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=St. Louis Magazine}} and Switzerland's pavilion became a ski lodge in New Hampshire.{{cite news |last=Cohn |first=Al |date=June 24, 1967 |title=What Ever Happened to the World's Fair |work=Newsday |page=14W |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|915293358}}}} The Thailand pavilion was rebuilt at Expo 67 in Montreal, the only structure from the 1964 fair that was reused as a world's fair pavilion. The West Berlin pavilion was acquired by a college in Woodridge, New York.
In the state area, part of the Wisconsin Pavilion became a radio station in Neillsville, Wisconsin,{{cite web |last=Mohr |first=Toby |date=April 21, 2024 |title=1964 World's Fair Pavilion Carrying on Wisconsin Tradition 60 Years Later |url=https://www.wqow.com/news/1964-worlds-fair-pavilion-carrying-on-wisconsin-tradition-60-years-later/article_a8f5f4d2-0035-11ef-a870-4b5f4c152956.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=WQOW}} while another part of the Wisconsin Pavilion was relocated to Pennsylvania and used as a ski lodge. The New England pavilion was moved to a mall in South Portland, Maine.{{cite news |last1=Collins |first1=Kate Irish |date=August 12, 2016 |title=South Portland's Maine Mall Area to Get Another Hotel |url=http://www.theforecaster.net/south-portlands-maine-mall-area-to-get-another-hotel/ |access-date=May 6, 2017 |work=The Forecaster}} Of the religious exhibits, the Christian Science pavilion was moved to Poway, California,{{cite web |date=May 17, 2006 |title=Unique Poway Church to Be Torn Town |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/pomerado-news/sdpn-unique-poway-church-to-be-torn-town-2006may17-story.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Pomerado News}} while the Mormon pavilion became an meetinghouse in Plainville, New York.{{cite web |last=Schwarting |first=Donna |date=December 4, 1999 |title=Legacy of Mormon Pavilion Recounted During Rededication |url=https://www.thechurchnews.com/1999/12/4/23247486/legacy-of-mormon-pavilion-recounted-during-rededication/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Church News}} The US Royal Ferris wheel became the Uniroyal Giant Tire in Allen Park, Michigan, while the Johnson Wax pavilion became the Golden Rondelle Theater in Racine, Wisconsin.{{cite web |last=Roberts |first=Lee B. |date=May 16, 2024 |title=Golden Rondelle Theater Is an Architectural Gem |url=https://journaltimes.com/lifestyles/treasures/golden-rondelle-theater-is-an-architectural-gem/article_c2163d68-1c3e-5c7f-bd7b-95ccb55451be.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Journal Times}} In addition, the Parker Pen pavilion became an administrative building in Missouri.{{cite report |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_WI/12000021.pdf |title=Wisconsin Pavilion |date=February 14, 2012 |publisher=National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service |access-date=June 6, 2024}} One of the three structures near the World's Fair Marina became a cabin in upstate New York.{{Cite news |last1=Lukas |first1=Paul |last2=Hively |first2=Kirsten |date=May 25, 2013 |title=Now That's a Souvenir |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/nyregion/how-a-worlds-fair-pavilion-became-a-familys-cabin.html |access-date=June 7, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Other structures, such as the Steaktown USA restaurant, Identity building, and South precinct building, were also acquired by organizations based in New York.
= Structures partially preserved =
File:Stone Mountain Carillon.jpg
In some cases, only part of a pavilion was preserved due to the high cost of preserving the full pavilion.{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=August 15, 1965 |title=Wreckers to Get Fair's Ornaments; Cost of Salvage Is Too High for Individual Sales |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/15/archives/wreckers-to-get-fairs-ornaments-cost-of-salvage-is-too-high-for.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Part of the Vatican pavilion was moved to Saint Mary Mother of the Redeemer Church in Groton, Connecticut,{{cite web |last=Cedrone |first=Sarajane |title=Connecticut at the New York World's Fair |website=Connecticut Explored |date=October 7, 2015 |url=https://www.ctexplored.org/connecticut-at-the-new-york-worlds-fair/ |access-date=May 23, 2024}} the Coca-Cola pavilion's carillon was moved to Stone Mountain near Atlanta, Georgia. Arches from the General Mills pavilion were sent to Warwick, Rhode Island; Huntsville, Ohio; and West Hempstead, New York.For the Warwick arch, see {{cite web |date=September 26, 2016 |title=Repainted, The Symbolic Rocky Point "Arch" Is Unveiled |url=https://www.997wpro.com/2016/09/26/repainted-the-symbolic-rocky-point-arch-is-unveiled/ |access-date=June 1, 2024 |website=WPRO}} For the Huntsville arch, see {{cite web |last=Kuhar |first=Mark S. |date=May 1, 2011 |title=iQuarry: Ohio's Duff Quarry can operate its plant on the go with an iPad, and that's only one of its many creative ideas and innovations. |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/iQuarry%3A+Ohio%27s+Duff+Quarry+can+operate+its+plant+on+the+go+with+an...-a0324205536 |access-date=June 1, 2024 |work=Rock Products |via=Free Online Library}} For the West Hempstead arch, see {{cite web |last=Grant |first=Nakeem |date=November 15, 2018 |title=Renovations completed at Cherry Valley Shopping Center in West Hempstead |url=https://www.liherald.com/stories/renovations-completed-at-cherry-valley-shopping-center-in-west-hempstead,109093 |access-date=June 1, 2024 |website=Herald Community Newspapers}} The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York acquired the fair's color televisions,{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1965 |title=R.C.A. Will Install TV for Archdiocese |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/26/archives/rca-will-install-tv-for-archdiocese.html |access-date=June 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} while the fair's cubical lampposts were moved to Penn Hills Resort in the Poconos.{{cite news |last=Hirshon |first=Nicholas |date=February 7, 2014 |title=Bright Light for Collectors: World's Fair Lampposts |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=A.15 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|1495450948}}}} The Railroad Museum of Long Island in Riverhead, New York, received the LIRR pavilion's miniature railway,{{cite web |last=Criblez |first=David J. |date=August 20, 2018 |title=Railroad Festival Comes to LI |url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/railroad-festival-riverhead-f55948 |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=Newsday}} and other Long Island businesses also received objects from the LIRR pavilion. The footprints from the Hollywood pavilion were moved to the Angel Stadium in Anaheim, California.
Several rides and museum exhibits were preserved. The IBM pavilion's Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond exhibit is at the Henry Ford Museum of American Innovation in Dearborn, Michigan,{{cite web |last=Sharp |first=Sarah Rose |date=November 9, 2017 |title=Henry Ford's 'Mathematica' Makes Math Beautiful, Fun and Engaging |url=https://www.freep.com/story/entertainment/arts/2017/11/09/mathematica-exhibit-henry-ford-museum-math/841122001/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=Detroit Free Press}} while Travelers Insurance sent its Triumph of Man exhibit to the COSI museum in Columbus, Ohio.{{cite news |last=Gault |first=Webster |date=October 13, 1965 |title=Columbus, Ohio, Given Travelers Fair Exhibit |work=The Hartford Courant |page=32 |issn=1047-4153 |id={{ProQuest|548934554}}}} The GE pavilion's Progressland carousel was first moved to Disneyland Park in Anaheim, California, then to the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, where it became the Carousel of Progress.{{cite web |last1=Dunne |first1=Samantha |last2=Pilcher |first2=Ken |date=September 27, 2021 |title='May the Century Begin:' History Behind Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress |url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2021/09/27/may-the-century-begin-history-behind-walt-disneys-carousel-of-progress/ |access-date=May 23, 2024 |website=WKMG}} The It's a Small World ride was shipped to Disneyland in Anaheim,{{cite web |date=April 22, 1964 |title=The 1964 New York World's Fair |url=https://www.designingdisney.com/parks/disneyland-paris/disneyland-park/fantasyland/designing-its-small-world-1964-new-york-worlds-fair/ |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=Designing Disney}}{{cite magazine |date=February 9, 1966 |title=Disneyland Sets $23-Mil Expansion; To Install N.Y. World's Fair Exhibits |magazine=Variety |pages=47 |volume=241 |issue=12 |id={{ProQuest|1032431899}}}} and the Swiss Sky Ride was moved to Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey.{{Cite news |title=Back to the Future |last=Beckerman |first=Jim |work=The Record |date=April 20, 2014 |page=BL.1 |id={{ProQuest|1517831161}}}}{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Mike |date=July 1, 2014 |title=Six Flags Great Adventure Celebrates 40 Years Days Before New Thrill Ride Zumanjaro Opens |url=https://www.nj.com/mercer/2014/07/six_flags_great_adventure_celebrates_40th_anniversary_days_before_record-breaking_zumanjaro_opens.html |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=nj}} The Belgian Village carousel became Le Galopant at La Ronde in Montreal, Quebec,{{cite web |last=Bérubé |first=Martin |date=January 29, 2017 |title=Carrousel De La Ronde, Le Galopant À 132 Ans Et Ne Fait Pas Son ÂGe |trans-title=Carousel of La Ronde, the Galopant is 132 years old and does not look its age |url=https://proposmontreal.com/index.php/le-galopant-132-ans-de-carrousel/ |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=ProposMontréal |language=fr}} though the ride no longer operates {{As of|2023|lc=y}}.{{cite web |date=June 9, 2023 |title=After Sitting Unused for 4 Years, Historic Montreal Carousel May Never Go Round Again |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/carousel-le-galopant-montreal-1.6871664 |access-date=May 24, 2024 |website=CBC}} The fair's log flume became a ride at Pirates World in Florida.{{cite web | last=Calise | first=Gabrielle | title=Let's revisit Florida's bizarre lost theme parks from before the Disney era | website=Tampa Bay Times | date=March 18, 2019 | url=https://www.tampabay.com/florida/2019/03/18/lets-revisit-floridas-bizarre-lost-theme-parks-from-before-the-disney-era/ | access-date=June 16, 2024}}
Some pavilions also became traveling exhibitions, such as Clairol's "color carousel"{{Cite news |date=January 7, 1966 |title=Clairol's Color Carousel Set for a Tour of 18 Cities |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/01/07/archives/clairols-color-carousel-set-for-a-tour-of-18-cities.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} and Sinclair Oil's dinosaur exhibits;{{Cite news |date=February 3, 1966 |title=Now, Even the Dinosaurs Are Heading for Florida |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/03/archives/now-even-the-dinosaurs-are-heading-for-florida.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} the dinosaurs were ultimately scattered across the United States. Construction material was also salvaged. Walls from the Mormon, Socony Mobil, and Ireland pavilions were reused in buildings in New York and Pennsylvania, and one man in Glen Cove, New York, built his house using materials from multiple pavilions.{{Cite news |last=Reif |first=Rita |date=April 16, 1968 |title=How to Build a House: Tear Down World's Fair and the Met |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/04/16/archives/how-to-build-a-house-tear-down-worlds-fair-and-the-met.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} A seaplane terminal in the Bronx salvaged parts of the fair's monorail, Poupées des Paris, and wax museum, while Texas oil magnate John Mecom Sr. bought the rest of the monorail.{{cite news |id={{ProQuest|510930416}} |title=Park Plans Blazed in Fair Ruins: Park Grows in Fair Ruins |first=Mary |last=Hornaday |date=May 18, 1966 |page=1 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729}}
Reception
There was commentary on the pavilions' conflicting architectural styles.{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Fred A. |date=April 18, 2014 |title=Architects Remember the '64–65 World's Fair |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/3121-architects-remember-the-64-65-worlds-fair |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=Architectural Record}}{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|page=42}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=208–209}} Ada Louise Huxtable of The New York Times wrote that the fair was architecturally "grotesque",{{Cite news |date=April 22, 1964 |title=Architecture:Chaos of Good, Bad and Joyful; Grotesque Contrasts, Wholly Unplanned, Give Fair Charm; Few Ideas Are New—State Pavilion Is Star of Show |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/architecturechaos-of-good-bad-and-joyful-grotesque-contrasts-wholly.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512191449/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/04/22/archives/architecturechaos-of-good-bad-and-joyful-grotesque-contrasts-wholly.html |archive-date=May 12, 2024 |access-date=May 12, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} while other critics lambasted the structures as befitting Coney Island or a street fair.{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=42}} The critic Vincent Scully Jr. derided the fair in a Life magazine article, "If This Is Architecture, God Help Us". Conversely, Time magazine wrote in June 1964 that the fair had "grace and substance" despite the presence of some "tacky" attractions,{{cite magazine |date=June 5, 1964 |title=Fairs: The World of Already |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,938607-1,00.html |access-date=May 30, 2024 |magazine=Time}} a sentiment repeated in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.{{Cite news |last=Shipp |first=Bill |date=May 10, 1964 |title=It's R-R-Really Big—N.Y. World's Fair |work=The Atlanta Journal and the Atlanta Constitution |page=4F |id={{ProQuest|1636074933}}}} The American Institute of Architects gave awards to several pavilions for "excellence in design".{{Cite news |date=November 12, 1964 |title=Architects Praise 4 Pavilions at Fair |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/12/archives/architects-praise-4-pavilions-at-fair.html |access-date=June 3, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} A Newsday reporter described the fair as "both garish and subtle, tawdry and tasteful, ephemeral and lasting".{{cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Jock |date=September 30, 1964 |title=The Fair: Review and Preview |work=Newsday |page=1C |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914374708}}}} After the fair closed, architectural critic Wolf Von Eckardt lambasted the fair as "a frightening image of ourselves" because of its "chaotic" architecture.{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1055}}{{cite book |last=Von Eckardt |first=Wolf |url=https://archive.org/details/placetolivecrisi00vone |title=A Place to Live; The Crisis of the Cities |publisher=Delacorte Press |year=1968 |publication-place=New York |pages=217–218 |oclc=321361 |url-access=registration}}
See also
References
=Notes=
{{Notelist}}
= Citations =
{{reflist}}
= Sources =
- {{Cite magazine |last=Alpert |first=Hollis |date=Jul 1964 |title=Guide to the New York World's Fair: There's Something for Everyone in the Family at the 1964–'65 New York World's Fair |magazine=Woman's Day |pages=21–28 |issue=7 |id={{ProQuest|1815457600}}}}
- {{cite book |last1=Cotter |first1=Bill |last2=Young |first2=Bill |title=The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair: Creation and Legacy |date=July 21, 2008 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-5745-8}}
- {{Cite magazine |last=Guder |first=R. F. |date=June 1, 1963 |title=Business at the Fair: A Progress Report |magazine=Management Review |page=4 |volume=52 |issue=6 |id={{ProQuest|1309747049}}}}
- {{cite journal |last=Katz |first=Emily Alice |year=2003 |title=It's the Real World After All: The American-Israel Pavilion-Jordan Pavilion Controversy at the New York World's Fair, 1964–1965 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/23887332 |journal=American Jewish History |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press, American Jewish Historical Society |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=129–155 |issn=0164-0178 |jstor=23887332}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Nicoletta |first=Julie |date=December 1, 2010 |title=Art Out of Place: International Art Exhibits at the New York World's Fair of 1964–1965 |url=https://digitalcommons.tacoma.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=ias_pub |journal=Journal of Social History |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=499–519 |doi=10.1353/jsh.2010.0066 |issn=0022-4529|url-access=subscription }}
- {{Cite journal |last=Nicoletta |first=Julie |date=2015 |title=Selling Spirituality and Spectacle: Religious Pavilions at the New York World's Fair of 1964–65 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/602710 |journal=Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=62–88 |doi=10.5749/buildland.22.2.0062|url-access=subscription }}
- {{cite magazine |last1=Perry |first1=Ellen |last2=Burns |first2=James T. Jr. |date=Oct 1964 |title=The Busy Architect's Guide to the World's Fair |url=https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1964-10.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519205359/https://usmodernist.org/PA/PA-1964-10.pdf |archive-date=May 19, 2024 |magazine=Progressive Architecture |volume=45 |issue=10}}
- {{cite book |last1=Samuel |first1=Lawrence R. |title=The End of the Innocence: The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair |edition=1st |date=August 30, 2007 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn=978-0-8156-0890-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/endofinnocence190000samu |url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite New York 1960}}
- {{cite book | last=Tirella | first=Joseph | title=Tomorrow-Land: The 1964-65 World's Fair and the Transformation of America | publisher=Lyons Press | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-4930-0333-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/tomorrowland19640000tire/page/n5/mode/2up |url-access=registration}}
- {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkworldsfai00time/page/n3/mode/2up |title=New York World's Fair, 1964/1965: Official Souvenir Book |date=1964 |publisher=Time, Inc |editor-last=Wood |editor-first=Norton |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
- {{cite magazine |date=January 13, 1964 |title=World's Fair '64: a Preview |magazine=Newsweek |pages=43–45 |volume=63 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|1879126400}} |ref={{Harvid|Newsweek|1964a}}}}
- {{Cite book |url=https://www.worldsfairphotos.com/nywf64/booklets/your-guide-to-fair.pdf |title=Your Guide to the Fair |publisher=The Travelers Insurance Companies |year=1965 |ref={{harvid|The Travelers Insurance Companies|1965}}}}
Further reading
- {{cite book | last=Bletter | first=Rosemarie Haag | author2=Queens Museum | title=Remembering the Future: The New York World's Fair from 1939–1964 | publisher=Rizzoli | year=1989 | isbn=978-0-8478-1122-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_aSgQgAACAAJ }}
External links
{{Commons category|Pavilions of the 1964 World's Fair}}
- [http://www.nywf64.com 1964/1965 New York World's Fair website – nywf64.com]
- [https://www.worldsfairphotos.com/nywf64/index.htm 1964/1965 New York World's Fair website – worldsfairphotos.com]
- {{cite web | title=New York World's Fair 1964–1965 Corporation records | publisher=New York Public Library | date=April 1, 2013 | url=https://archives.nypl.org/mss/2234 }}
{{Flushing Meadows-Corona Park}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Lists of buildings and structures in New York City