1988 Israeli legislative election

{{main list|List of political parties in Israel}}

The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 11th Knesset.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! rowspan="2" colspan=2| Name

! rowspan="2"| Ideology

! rowspan="2"| Symbol

! rowspan="2"| Leader

! colspan="2"| 1984 result

! rowspan="2" |Seats at 1988
dissolution

|-

! Votes (%)

! Seats

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Alignment (Israel)}};"|

| Alignment

| Social democracy
Labor Zionism

| {{Script/Hebrew|אמת}}

| Shimon Peres

| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2|34.9%{{efn|name=B|Mapam had been part of the Alignment since 1969, but the party broke away prior to the 1988 election as a gesture of disapproval of the national unity government with Likud.}}

| {{Composition bar|38|120|{{party color|Alignment (Israel)}}}}

|{{Composition bar|38|120|{{party color|Alignment (Israel)}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Mapam}};"|

| Mapam

| Labor Zionism
Socialism

| {{Script/Hebrew|מפם}}

| Yair Tzaban

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|Mapam}}}}

|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|Mapam}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Likud}};"|

| Likud

| National liberalism

| {{Script/Hebrew|מחל}}

| Yitzhak Shamir

| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=1|31.9%

| {{Composition bar|41|120|{{party color|Likud}}}}

| {{Composition bar|43|120|{{party color|Likud}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Tehiya}};"|

| Tehiya

| Ultranationalism
Revisionist Zionism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ת}}

| Yuval Ne'eman
Rafael Eitan

| style="text-align:center;"|4.0%

| {{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|Tehiya}}}}

|{{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|Tehiya}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|National Religious Party}};"|

| Mafdal

| Religious Zionism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ב}}

| Yosef Burg

| style="text-align:center;"|3.5%

| {{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|National Religious Party}}}}

|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|National Religious Party}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Hadash}};"|

| Hadash

| Communism
Socialism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ו}}

| Meir Vilner

| style="text-align:center;"|3.4%

| {{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|Hadash}}}}

|{{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|Hadash}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Shas}};"|

| Shas

| Religious conservatism
Populism

| {{Script/Hebrew|שס}}

| Yitzhak Peretz

| style="text-align:center;"|3.1%

| {{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|Shas}}}}

|{{Composition bar|3|120|{{party color|Shas}}}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Shinui}};"|

| Shinui

| Liberalism
Centrism

| {{Script/Hebrew|הן}}

| Amnon Rubinstein

| style="text-align:center;"|2.7%

| {{Composition bar|3|120|{{party color|Shinui}}}}

|{{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|Shinui}}}}

|-

| style="background:#C80004;"|

| Ratz

| Social democracy
Secularism

| {{Script/Hebrew|רצ}}

| Shulamit Aloni

| style="text-align:center;"|2.4%

| {{Composition bar|3|120|#C80004}}

|{{Composition bar|4|120|#C80004}}

|-

| style="background:#0000FE;"|

| Yahad

| Centrism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ט}}

| Ezer Weizman

| style="text-align:center;"|2.2%

| {{Composition bar|3|120|#0000FE}}

|{{Composition bar|0|120|#0000FE}}

|-

| style="background:#9CB071;"|

| PLFP

| Pro-peace

| {{Script/Hebrew|פ}}

| Mohammed Miari

| style="text-align:center;"|1.8%

| {{Composition bar|2|120|#9CB071}}

|{{Composition bar|2|120|#9CB071}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Agudat Yisrael}};"|

| Agudat Yisrael

| Religious conservatism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ג}}

| Avraham Yosef Shapira

| style="text-align:center;"|1.7%

| {{Composition bar|2|120|{{party color|Agudat Yisrael}}}}

|{{Composition bar|2|120|{{party color|Agudat Yisrael}}}}

|-

| style="background:#2F4F4F;"|

| Morasha

| Religious conservatism
Social Conservatism

| {{Script/Hebrew|עד}}

| Haim Drukman

| style="text-align:center;"|1.6%

| {{Composition bar|2|120|#2F4F4F}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|#2F4F4F}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|Tzomet}};"|

| Tzomet

| Agrarianism
Zionism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ץ}}

| Rafael Eitan

| style="text-align:center;"|-

| {{Composition bar|0|120|{{party color|Tzomet}}}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|{{party color|Tzomet}}}}

|-

| style="background:#5294AE;"|

| Tami

| Religious Zionism
Economic egalitarianism

| {{Script/Hebrew|ני}}

| Aharon Abuhatzira

| style="text-align:center;"|1.5%

| {{Composition bar|1|120|#5294AE}}

|{{Composition bar|0|120|#5294AE}}

|-

| style="background:#FFD700;"|

| Kach{{efn|name=kahane|Kach was disqualified from running in the 1988 elections for violation of the amended Basic Law: the Knesset.}}

| Religious Zionism
Kahanism

| {{Script/Hebrew|כך}}

| Meir Kahane

| style="text-align:center;"|1.2%

| {{Composition bar|1|120|#FFD700}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|#FFD700}}

|-

| style="background:{{party color|National List}};"|

| Ometz

| National liberalism

| {{Script/Hebrew|יש}}

| Yigal Hurvitz

| style="text-align:center;"|1.2%

| {{Composition bar|1|120|{{party color|National List}}}}

|{{Composition bar|0|120|{{party color|National List}}}}

|-

| style="background:#009900;"|

| Mada

| Israeli Arab Interests

| {{Script/Hebrew|ע}}

| Abdulwahab Darawshe

| style="text-align:center;"|-

| {{Composition bar|0|120|#009900}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|#009900}}

|-

| style="background:#c0c0c0;"|

| Independent

| -

| -

| -

| style="text-align:center;"|-

| {{Composition bar|0|120|#c0c0c0}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|#c0c0c0}}

|-

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:15px; text-align:center;"

! rowspan="3" |Date

! rowspan="3" |Organizer

! rowspan="3" |Moderator

! colspan="14" | {{Colors|black|#90FF90| P }} Present   {{Colors|black|#CCFFCC| I }} Invitee {{Colors|black|#FFD0D0| N }} Non-invitee 

|-

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Likud

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Alignment

! rowspan="2" |Refs

|-

! style="background:{{party color|Likud}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Alignment (Israel)}}" |

|-

|

|

|

| style="background:#90FF90" |P
Yitzhak Shamir

| style="background:#90FF90" |P
Shimon Peres

|{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmgAh-mXzRg | title=עימות בחירות 1988 | website=YouTube }}

|}

{{Election results

|image=File:1988 Knesset.svg

|party1=Likud|votes1=709305|seats1=40|sc1=−1

|party2=Alignment|votes2=685363|seats2=39|sc2=−5

|party3=Shas|votes3=107709|seats3=6|sc3=+2

|party4=Agudat Yisrael|votes4=102714|seats4=5|sc4=+3

|party5=Ratz|votes5=97513|seats5=5|sc5=+2

|party6=National Religious Party|votes6=89720|seats6=5|sc6=+1

|party7=Hadash|votes7=84032|seats7=4|sc7=0

|party8=Tehiya|votes8=70730|seats8=3|sc8=−2

|party9=Mapam|votes9=56345|seats9=3|sc9=New

|party10=Tzomet|votes10=45489|seats10=2|sc10=New

|party11=Moledet|votes11=44174|seats11=2|sc11=New

|party12=Shinui|votes12=39538|seats12=2|sc12=−1

|party13=Degel HaTorah|votes13=34279|seats13=2|sc13=New

|party14=Progressive List for Peace|votes14=33695|seats14=1|sc14=−1

|party15=Arab Democratic Party|votes15=27012|seats15=1|sc15=New

|party17=Pensioners|votes17=16674|seats17=0|sc17=New

|party18=Meimad|votes18=15783|seats18=0|sc18=New

|party19=Derekh Aretz|votes19=4253|seats19=0|sc19=New

|party20=Or Movement|votes20=4182|seats20=0|sc20=New

|party21=Movement for Social Justice|votes21=3222|seats21=0|sc21=New

|party22=Yishai – Tribal Israel Together|votes22=2947|seats22=0|sc22=New

|party23=Movement for Moshavim|votes23=2838|seats23=0|sc23=New

|party24=Tarshish|votes24=1654|seats24=0|sc24=New

|party25=Silent Power|votes25=1579|seats25=0|sc25=New

|party26=Movement for Demobilised Soldiers|votes26=1018|seats26=0|sc26=New

|party27=Yemenite Association|votes27=909|seats27=0|sc27=New

|party28=Unity|votes28=446|seats28=0|sc28=0

|invalid=22444

|total_sc=0

|electorate=2894267

|source=[https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/elections/1988/ IDI], Nohlen et al.

}}

{{see also|List of members of the twelfth Knesset}}

Likud's Yitzhak Shamir formed the twenty-third government on 22 December 1988, including the Alignment, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah in his coalition, with 25 ministers.

In 1990 Shimon Peres tried to form an Alignment-led coalition in a move that became known as "the dirty trick", but failed to win sufficient support. Eventually Shamir formed the twenty-fourth government on 11 June 1990, with a coalition encompassing Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Yisrael, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party, Tehiya, Tzomet, Moledet, Unity for Peace and Immigration and Geulat Yisrael. Tehiya, Tzomet and Moledet all left the coalition in late 1991/early 1992 in protest at Shamir's participation in the Madrid Conference.

Several defections occurred during the Knesset term; five members of Likud left to form the Party for the Advancement of the Zionist Idea. After two of them returned, the party was renamed the New Liberal Party. Yitzhak Peretz left Shas and established Moria. Eliezer Mizrahi left Agudat Yisrael and established Geulat Yisrael. Efraim Gur left the Alignment to establish Unity for Peace and Immigration, which later merged into Likud.

The Twelfth Knesset saw the rise of the ultra-orthodox religious parties as a significant force in Israeli politics, and as a crucial "swing" element which could determine which of the large two secular parties (Likud, Alignment) would get to form the coalition government. Ratz, Mapam, and Shinui merged into Meretz, while Black Panthers broke away from Hadash.

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.knesset.gov.il/review/ReviewPage.aspx?kns=12&lng=3 Historical overview of the Twelfth Knesset] Knesset website {{in lang|en}}
• [https://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist12_s.htm Election results] Knesset website

{{Israeli elections}}

Israeli legislative

Legislative election

Category:Legislative elections in Israel

Category:November 1988 in Asia

Israel

Category:Shimon Peres

Category:Yitzhak Shamir