2007 Estonian parliamentary election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Estonia
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 2003 Estonian parliamentary election
| next_election = 2011 Estonian parliamentary election
| previous_year = 2003
| next_year = 2011
| image_size = 130x130px
| seats_for_election = All 101 seats in the Riigikogu
| majority_seats = 51
| election_date = 4 March 2007
| image1 = Portrait Andrus Ansip.jpg
| leader1 = Andrus Ansip
| party1 = Estonian Reform Party
| last_election1 = 19 seats
| seats1 = 31
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}12
| popular_vote1 = 153,044
| percentage1 = 27.8%
| swing1 = {{increase}}10.11pp
| image2 = Edgar Savisaar 2005-crop.jpg
| leader2 = Edgar Savisaar
| party2 = Estonian Centre Party
| last_election2 = 28 seats
| seats2 = 29
| seat_change2 = {{increase}}1
| popular_vote2 = 143,518
| percentage2 = 26.1%
| swing2 = {{increase}}0.70pp
| image3 = IRL Tõnis Lukas.jpg
| leader3 = Tõnis Lukas and Taavi Veskimägi
| party3 = Pro Patria and Res Publica Union
| last_election3 = 32 seats
| seats3 = 19
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}}16{{efn|Combined results of the pre-merger Pro Patria Union and Res Publica Party.}}
| popular_vote3 = 98,347
| percentage3 = 17.9%
| swing3 = {{decrease}}14.06pp
| image4 = Ivari Padar MEP 01.JPG
| leader4 = Ivari Padar
| party4 = Social Democratic Party (Estonia)
| last_election4 = 6 seats
| seats4 = 10
| seat_change4 = {{increase}}4
| popular_vote4 = 58,363
| percentage4 = 10.6%
| swing4 = {{increase}}3.56pp
| image5 = Lotman, Aleksei (cropped).jpg
| leader5 = Aleksei Lotman
| party5 = Estonian Greens
| last_election5 = –
| seats5 = 6
| seat_change5 = New
| popular_vote5 = 39,279
| percentage5 = 7.1%
| swing5 = New
| image6 = KE Ester Tuiksoo.jpg
| leader6 = Ester Tuiksoo
| party6 = People's Union of Estonia
| last_election6 = 13 seats
| seats6 = 6
| seat_change6 = {{decrease}}7
| popular_vote6 = 39,215
| percentage6 = 7.1%
| swing6 = {{decrease}}5.93pp
| map_image = 2007. aasta Riigikogu valimiste tulemused.svg
| map_caption = Results by electoral district
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = Andrus Ansip
| before_party = Estonian Reform Party
| after_election = Andrus Ansip
| after_party = Estonian Reform Party
}}
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 4 March 2007. The newly elected 101 members of the 11th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. It was the world's first nationwide vote where part of the voting was carried out in the form of remote electronic voting via the internet.
The election saw the Estonian Reform Party emerge as the largest faction in the Riigikogu with 31 seats. The Estonian Centre Party finished second with 29 seats, whilst the new Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica lost 16 seats compared to the 35 won by the two parties in the 2003 elections. The Social Democrats gained 4 seats, whilst the Greens entered the Riigikogu for the first time with 6 seats and the People's Union lost seven of its 13 seats. This election would be the last time that the Greens and the People's Union{{efn|In its current form, before being reconstructed into EKRE.}} would enter into parliament. The Riigikogu elected after this election became the only one in contemporary Estonian history to have a single government{{efn|De jure - the Social Democrats left the government midway throughout the term, which some consider the start of a new government despite a new mandate not being requested from the Riigikogu. See Andrus Ansip's second cabinet.}} last throughout an entire parliamentary term.
After the election, the Centre Party, led by the mayor of Tallinn Edgar Savisaar, had been increasingly excluded from collaboration due to his open collaboration with Putin's United Russia party, real estate scandals in Tallinn,[https://archive.today/20120728210611/http://www.delfi.ee/archive/article.php?id=11378593 Savisaar's and Kruuda's mutual gifts] and the Bronze Soldier controversy, considered a deliberate attempt to split Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority.[http://postimees.ee/300407/esileht/arvamus/257922.php Lõhestaja number üks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006120354/http://www.postimees.ee/300407/esileht/arvamus/257922.php|date=2007-10-06}} Postimees
Background
After the 2003 election, the Centre and Res Publica parties nearly tied for first place, with both saying that they should get the chance to try and form the next government,{{cite web |date=2003-03-03 |title=Estonia: Two Parties Want To Form Government After Close Election |url=http://www.rferl.org/Content/Article/1102385.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217002511/http://www.rferl.org/content/Article/1102385.html |archivedate=2009-02-17 |accessdate=2009-06-01 |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}} while ruling out any deal between themselves.{{cite news |date=2003-03-03 |title=Estonia quandary after split vote |work=BBC News Online |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2815367.stm |accessdate=2009-06-01}} President Rüütel had to decide who he should nominate as Prime Minister and therefore be given the first chance at forming a government. On the 2 April he invited the leader of the Res Publica party, Juhan Parts to form a government{{cite web |title=Estonia: parliamentary elections Riigikogu, 2003 |url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2105_03.htm |accessdate=2009-06-01 |publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union}} and after negotiations a coalition government composed of Res Publica, the Reform Party and the People's Union was formed on the 10 April. The government has also been referred to as the Harmony coalition.{{Cite web |date=2022-03-30 |title=Koosmeele koalitsioon 2003 {{!}} Reformierakond |url=https://reform.ee/erakond/koalitsioonid/koosmeele-koalitsioon-2003/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |language=et}}{{Cite web |date=2003-03-09 |title=Koosmeele koalitsioon |url=https://arvamus.postimees.ee/2004543/koosmeele-koalitsioon |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Arvamus |language=et}}{{Cite web |title=Res Publica pooldas koosmeele koalitsiooni |url=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/136678/res-publica-pooldas-koosmeele-koalitsiooni |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=www.ohtuleht.ee |language=et}}{{Cite web |title=Res Publica pooldab koosmeele koalitsiooni |url=https://www.delfi.ee/artikkel/5268794/res-publica-pooldab-koosmeele-koalitsiooni |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Delfi |language=et}}
On 20 August 2004, Lihula municipality head Tiit Madisson erected the Lihula monument on the territory of the municipality, which represented a soldier in SS uniform.{{Cite web |last=ERR |date=2021-06-21 |title=Suri Tiit Madisson |url=https://www.err.ee/1608253830/suri-tiit-madisson |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=ERR |language=et}} The national government had ordered the removal of the monument and by the evening of 2 September, the rescue services and the police had arrived to take down the monument. The takedown was secured by police with dogs and rubber batons but the locals started pelting the rescue services and police with stones. The police then threatened them with tear gas.{{Cite web |title=Lihula monument võeti ööpimeduses maha |url=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/162077/lihula-monument-voeti-oopimeduses-maha |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=www.ohtuleht.ee |language=et}}
At the beginning of March, the Reform Party and the People's Union decided to present a motion of no confidence against the Minister of Justice Ken-Marti Vaher of Res Publica as part of the proposal by Res Publica to start using metrics to catch corrupt people.{{Cite web |title=Korruptantide jahtimise plaan lõi Vaheri ametikoha kõikuma |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/51005844/korruptantide-jahtimise-plaan-loi-vaheri-ametikoha-koikuma |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}} The Riigikogu voted no-confidence in Vaher with 54 votes in favor.{{Cite web |title=Arhiiv {{!}} ERR |url=https://arhiiv.err.ee/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Arhiiv {{!}} ERR |language=en}} After the vote, Prime Minister Juhan Parts said he would resign.{{Cite web |date=2005-03-21 |title=Juhan Parts astub peaministri kohalt tagasi |url=https://www.postimees.ee/1465959/juhan-parts-astub-peaministri-kohalt-tagasi |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Arhiiv |language=et}} On 24 March 2005, Juhan Parts submitted his resignation request to President Arnold Rüütel, and the government resigned.{{Cite web |date=2005-03-24 |title=Peaminister Juhan Partsi valitsus astus tagasi |url=https://www.postimees.ee/1466577/peaminister-juhan-partsi-valitsus-astus-tagasi |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Arhiiv |language=et}}
Reform and the People's Union then entered negotiations with the Centre Party to form a new government. The new government took office on 13 April 2005 and left office after a new coalition was formed following the 2007 election. The government has also been called the garlic coalition due to the agreement being reached in the corresponding restaurant in Tallinn's Old Town.{{Cite web |title=Küüslaugukoalitsioon sünnib suure valuga |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/51007240/kuuslaugukoalitsioon-sunnib-suure-valuga |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}}
On 15 November 2006 Res Publica and the Pro Patria Union officially merged into the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (Erakond Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit - IRL).{{Cite web |date=2006-06-04 |title=Isamaaliidu ja Res Publica üldkogud kiitsid liitumise ülekaalukalt heaks |url=https://www.postimees.ee/1551449/isamaaliidu-ja-res-publica-uldkogud-kiitsid-liitumise-ulekaalukalt-heaks |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Eesti |language=et}}{{Cite web |date=2006-11-14 |title=Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit: Õnn ei ole rahas |url=https://www.postimees.ee/1598523/isamaa-ja-res-publica-liit-onn-ei-ole-rahas |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Eesti |language=et}}{{Cite web |title=e-Äriregister – ISAMAA Erakond |url=https://ariregister.rik.ee/est/company/80243584 |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=ariregister.rik.ee}}
Campaign
= Reform Party =
During the campaign, Reform campaigned on lowering taxes as well as trying to paint itself as the main alternative to Centre which they painted in a Russophilic light, claiming the party "represents primarily Russians". The party's campaign also featured a promise to bring Estonia "among the five wealthiest countries in Europe" within 15 years.{{Cite web |title=RIIGIKOGU VALIMISED 2007: Kampaaniakulutuste rekordid, Ansipi ja Savisaare vastandumine |url=https://www.delfi.ee/artikkel/70835733/riigikogu-valimised-2007-kampaaniakulutuste-rekordid-ansipi-ja-savisaare-vastandumine |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Delfi |language=et}}{{Cite web |date=2006-11-02 |title=Reformierakond alustab kampaaniat "Viime Eesti viie jõukaima Euroopa riigi hulka!" {{!}} Reformierakond |url=https://reform.ee/uudised/reformierakond-alustab-kampaaniat-viime-eesti-viie-joukaima-euroopa-riigi-hulka/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |language=et}}{{Citation |title=Valimisreklaamid 2007 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKIQdsRmtN8 |access-date=2023-12-16 |language=en}} The claim has since been ridiculed by many as a promise that failed to materialize.{{Cite web |last=ERR |first=Tanel Kiik, Keskerakond {{!}} |date=2023-08-04 |title=Tanel Kiik: viies kvartal majanduslangust - teel viie jõukama hulka? |url=https://www.err.ee/1609053290/tanel-kiik-viies-kvartal-majanduslangust-teel-viie-joukama-hulka |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=ERR |language=et}}{{Cite web |last=uudised |first=Uued |date=2022-01-29 |title="Ühe tagumiku kaks kannikat": sarnaselt Ansipile lubab ka Kristina Kallas Eesti viie rikkaima riigi hulka viia - Uued Uudised |url=https://uueduudised.ee/arvamus/uhe-tagumiku-kaks-kannikat-sarnaselt-ansipile-lubab-ka-kristina-kallas-eesti-viie-rikkaima-riigi-hulka-viia/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=uueduudised.ee |language=et}}{{Cite web |date=2023-07-29 |title=ANVAR SAMOST ⟩ Automaks on Reformierakonna muutumise märgiline tunnistaja |url=https://pohjarannik.postimees.ee/7823386/anvar-samost-automaks-on-reformierakonna-muutumise-margiline-tunnistaja |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Arvamus |language=et}}{{Cite web |title=Reformierakonna "Viie rikkaima riigi hulka!" rehkendusest on pool tegemata |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/70260843/reformierakonna-viie-rikkaima-riigi-hulka-rehkendusest-on-pool-tegemata |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}} In 2022, 15 years after the election campaign, then-Reform leader Andrus Ansip commented that the promise had simply been a slogan and an appeal, telling a journalist that "even you can understand that it's impossible".{{Cite web |title=Ansip lubas, et selleks aastaks jõuame Euroopa viie rikkaima riigi hulka. Ei jõudnud |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/95615333/ansip-lubas-et-selleks-aastaks-jouame-euroopa-viie-rikkaima-riigi-hulka-ei-joudnud |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}}
= Centre Party =
Centre campaigned on wage increases, bringing troops home from Iraq, building municipal apartments and a Russian-language public broadcasting service. Moreover, the party promised free higher education. Both Reform and Centre published contrasting advertisements with yes-no tables listing policies that they claimed one party supported and the other did not.
= IRL =
IRL campaigned on promises such as providing a computer to every ninth-grader, increased welfare spending and wages as well as the construction of the War of Independence Victory Column. Moreover, the newly united party launched an ad campaign featuring endorsements of the party and one of its figureheads, former prime minister Mart Laar by various conservative European leaders, including Swedish foreign minister Carl Bildt, Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili and British prime minister David Cameron.
Electoral system
{{main|Electronic voting in Estonia}}
In 2007 Estonia held its and the world's first national Internet election. Voting was available from February 26 to 28.[https://archive.today/20120713191050/http://news.com.com/Estonia+to+hold+first+national+Internet+election/2100-1028_3-6161005.html Estonia to hold first national Internet election], News.com, February 21, 2007 A total of 30,275 citizens (3.4%) used Internet voting.[http://www.informationweek.com/management/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=197700272 Estonia Scores World Web First In National Polls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528051608/https://www.darkreading.com/risk-management.asp |date=2020-05-28 }}, InformationWeek February 28, 2007
Electronic voting in Estonia began in October 2005 local elections when Estonia became the first country to have legally binding general elections using the Internet as a means of casting the vote and was declared a success by the Estonian election officials.
The electoral system was a two-tier semi-open list proportional representation system with a 5% (27,510.65 votes for this election) election threshold.
=Seats by electoral district=
class=wikitable
!District number !Electoral District !Seats |
1
| Haabersti, Põhja-Tallinn and Kristiine districts in Tallinn | 8 |
2
| Kesklinn, Lasnamäe and Pirita districts in Tallinn | 11 |
3
|Mustamäe and Nõmme districts in Tallinn |8 |
4
|Harjumaa (without Tallinn) and Raplamaa counties |13 |
5
|Hiiumaa, Läänemaa and Saaremaa counties |7 |
6
|Lääne-Virumaa county |6 |
7
|Ida-Virumaa county |8 |
8
|Järvamaa and Viljandimaa counties |8 |
9
|Jõgevamaa and Tartumaa counties (without Tartu) |7 |
10
|Tartu city |8 |
11
|Võrumaa, Valgamaa and Põlvamaa counties |9 |
12
|Pärnumaa county |8 |
Contesting parties
{{see also|List of political parties in Estonia}}
The Estonian National Electoral Committee announced that 11 political parties and seven individual candidates registered to take part in the 2007 parliamentary election. Their registration numbers and order were determined by a draw lot, as opposed to the order of registration as was done previously.{{Cite book |url=https://www.ester.ee/record=b4560352*est |title=Valimised Eestis: statistikat ja selgitusi |date=2011 |publisher=Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon |editor-last=Heinsalu |editor-first=Alo |location=Tallinn |editor-last2=Koitmäe |editor-first2=Arne |editor-last3=Mandre |editor-first3=Leino |editor-last4=Pilving |editor-first4=Mihkel |editor-last5=Vinkel |editor-first5=Priit |editor-last6=Eero |editor-first6=Gerli |editor-last7=Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu |editor-last8=Eesti}}
class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
! rowspan="2"| {{No.}} ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Name ! rowspan="2"| Ideology ! rowspan="2"| Political position ! rowspan="2"| Leader ! rowspan="2"| Total candidates ! colspan="2"| 2003 result |
Votes (%)
! Seats |
---|
{{center|1}}
| style="background:{{party color|Party of Estonian Christian Democrats}}"| | 108 | style="text-align:center"| 1.1% | {{Composition bar|0|101|{{party color|Party of Estonian Christian Democrats}}}} |
{{center|2}}
| style="background:{{party color|Estonian Centre Party}}"| | Populism | 125 | style="text-align:center"| 25.4% | {{Composition bar|28|101|{{party color|Estonian Centre Party}}}} |
{{center|3}}
| style="background:{{party color|Estonian Reform Party}}"| | 125 | style="text-align:center"| 17.7% | {{Composition bar|19|101|{{party color|Estonian Reform Party}}}} |
{{center|4}}
| style="background:{{party color|Estonian Independence Party}}"| | 10 | style="text-align:center"| 0.6% | {{Composition bar|0|101|{{party color|Estonian Independence Party}}}} |
{{center|5}}
| style="background:{{party color|Estonian Left Party}}"| | 12 | style="text-align:center"| 0.4% | {{Composition bar|0|101|{{party color|Estonian Left Party}}}} |
{{center|6}}
| style="background:{{party color|Pro Patria and Res Publica Union}}"| | IRL | Tõnis Lukas and Taavi Veskimägi | 125 | style="text-align:center"| 31.9%{{efn|Combined results of the pre-merger Pro Patria Union and Res Publica Party.}} | {{Composition bar|35|101|{{party color|Pro Patria and Res Publica Union}}}} |
{{center|7}}
| style="background: #9ed1ee"| | 35 | style="text-align:center"| 0.2% | {{Composition bar|0|101|#9ed1ee}} |
{{center|8}}
| style="background:{{party color|Constitution Party (Estonia)}}"| | Russia's national interestsEesti Päevaleht 20 June 2008: [http://www.epl.ee/artikkel/433236 Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat: Vene luure tegi mullu Eestis usinalt tööd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630100711/http://epl.ee/artikkel/433236|date=2008-06-30}} by Kärt Anvelt{{Cite book |url=http://www.kapo.ee/cms-data/_text/138/124/files/aastaraamat-2007-eng.pdf |title=Annual Review 2007 |publisher=Estonian Security Police |year=2008 |location=Tallinn |page=8 |chapter=Counterintelligence |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415031941/http://www.kapo.ee/cms-data/_text/138/124/files/aastaraamat-2007-eng.pdf |archive-date=2010-04-15 |url-status=dead}}[https://www.kapo.ee/sites/default/files/public/content_page/aastaraamat-2007.pdf KAPO aastaraamat 2007]{{Cite web |title=Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat: Vene luure tegi mullu Eestis usinalt tööd |url=https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/51133812/kaitsepolitsei-aastaraamat-vene-luure-tegi-mullu-eestis-usinalt-tood |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Eesti Päevaleht |language=et}} | 53 | style="text-align:center"| 2.3% | {{Composition bar|0|101|{{party color|Constitution Party (Estonia)}}}} |
{{center|9}}
| style="background:{{party color|People's Union of Estonia}}"| | Centre to centre-left | 125 | style="text-align:center"| 13.0% | {{Composition bar|13|101|{{party color|People's Union of Estonia}}}} |
{{center|10}}
| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Estonia)}}"| | 125 | style="text-align:center"| 7.0% | {{Composition bar|6|101|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Estonia)}}}} |
{{center|11}}
| style="background:{{party color|Estonian Greens}}"| | Greens | 125 | colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |did not exist |
{{center|—}}
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"| | colspan="3"| — | 7 | colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |did not exist |
Results
{{main|Members of the 11th Riigikogu}}
[[File:Estonia2007 by municipality.png|thumb|right|470px|
Leading party by municipality:
style="width:100%;" |
ERE
! EKE ! IRL ! SDE ! ERL |
---|
valign=top |
{{legend|#FFFF99|20–29%}} {{legend|#FFFF66|30–39%}} {{legend|#FFFF00|40–49%}} {{legend|#CCCC00|50–59%}} | valign=top | {{legend|#99FF99|20–29%}} {{legend|#66FF66|30–39%}} {{legend|#00FF00|40–49%}} {{legend|#00DD00|50–59%}} {{legend|#00BB00|60–69%}} {{legend|#009900|70–79%}} | valign=top | {{legend|#9999FF|20–29%}} {{legend|#6666FF|30–39%}} {{legend|#0000FF|40–49%}} {{legend|#0000DD|50–59%}} | valign=top | {{legend|#FF9999|20–29%}} {{legend|#FF6666|30–39%}} {{legend|#FF0000|40–49%}} {{legend|#DD0000|50–59%}} | valign=top | {{legend|#FFD699|20–29%}} {{legend|#FFC266|30–39%}} {{legend|#FF9900|40–49%}} {{legend|#DE8500|50–59%}} {{legend|#BA7000|60–69%}} {{legend|#875100|80–89%}} |
]]
{{Election results
|image=File:Riigikogu 2007 election.svg
|party1=Estonian Reform Party|votes1=153044|seats1=31|sc1=+12
|party2=Estonian Centre Party|votes2=143518|seats2=29|sc2=+1
|party3=Pro Patria and Res Publica Union|votes3=98347|seats3=19|sc3=–16
|party4=Social Democratic Party|votes4=58363|seats4=10|sc4=+4
|party5=Estonian Greens|votes5=39279|seats5=6|sc5=New
|party6=People's Union of Estonia|votes6=39215|seats6=6|sc6=–7
|party7=Party of Estonian Christian Democrats|votes7=9456|seats7=0|sc7=0
|party8=Constitution Party|votes8=5464|seats8=0|sc8=0
|party9=Estonian Independence Party|votes9=1273|seats9=0|sc9=0
|party10=Russian Party in Estonia|votes10=1084|seats10=0|sc10=0
|party11=Estonian Left Party|votes11=607|seats11=0|sc11=0
|party12=Independents|votes12=563|seats12=0|sc12=0
|invalid=5250
|total_sc=0
|electorate=897243
|source=Nohlen & Stöver,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, pp585–588 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2105_07.htm IPU]
}}
Aftermath
Following the election a three party coalition government, also called the Triple Alliance, was formed between Reform, the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union and SDE. This lasted until May 2009, when SDE left the government following budget cuts as a result of the global economic crisis, the two remaining parties were able to carry on in government as a minority coalition however, holding 50 out of 101 seats in the Parliament.
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928105428/http://www.emor.ee/arhiiv.html?id=1724 Opinion Polls]
- [http://www.nsd.uib.no/european_election_database/country/estonia/ Estonia] European Election Database
{{Estonian elections}}