2019–2022 Chilean protests

File:Tarifas reales de transantiago desde 2012.png

The price of public transport in Greater Santiago is determined by the Panel of Public Transport Experts ({{langx|es|Panel de Expertos del Transporte Público}}), which uses an automatic calculation formula to adjust fares on a monthly basis. The Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications is advised by the panel and must be notified of any price changes.{{cite web|access-date=19 October 2019|title=Panel Expertos – Preguntas Frecuentes|url=http://www.paneldeexpertostarifas.cl/faq.php |website=paneldeexpertostarifas.cl |language=es|trans-title=Panel of Experts – Frequent Questions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014164338/http://www.paneldeexpertostarifas.cl/faq.php|archive-date=14 October 2018|url-status=live}}

On 1 October 2019, the Panel determined the quarterly adjustment of fares for the public transport system of the Province of Santiago and the communes of San Bernardo and Puente Alto. They decided that a fare hike of 10 Chilean pesos for buses and 30 pesos for the Santiago Metro and Metrotrén at peak hours (a rise of about 4%), as well as a fare decrease of 30 pesos at off-peak hours, was necessary.{{Cite web |url=http://www.paneldeexpertostarifas.cl/documentos/ResN22019.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=19 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019024251/http://www.paneldeexpertostarifas.cl/documentos/ResN22019.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2019 |url-status=live }} The increase was justified by the panel due to increase of the rate index, which is subject to variations in the value of fuel, the value of the US dollar, the value of the euro, the cost of labor, and the consumer price index among other variables, such that the costs to the subway have risen.{{cite web|last1=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=19 October 2019|title=Así opera el panel de expertos que sube las tarifas del transporte público|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/metro/asi-opera-el-panel-de-expertos-que-sube-las-tarifas-del-transporte/2019-10-16/175053.html|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|trans-title=This is how the panel of experts that increases public transport rates operates|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019032538/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/metro/asi-opera-el-panel-de-expertos-que-sube-las-tarifas-del-transporte/2019-10-16/175053.html|archive-date=19 October 2019|url-status=live}} The fare change was scheduled to take effect from 6 October.{{cite web|last1=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=19 October 2019|title=Subir al Metro en horario punta costará ahora 830 pesos|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/metro/subir-al-metro-en-horario-punta-costara-ahora-830-pesos/2019-10-04/183903.html|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|trans-title=Metro rides at peak hours will now cost 830 pesos|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020140836/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/metro/subir-al-metro-en-horario-punta-costara-ahora-830-pesos/2019-10-04/183903.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}

Some specialists, such as former Minister Paola Tapia, have indicated that there are other factors that explain the rise. Among these factors would be the purchase without tender of a new fleet of electric buses for the Metropolitan Mobility Network and the suspension of the new tender for bus services, both decisions made by the administration of Minister Gloria Hutt.{{cite web|last1=Cooperativa.cl|access-date=20 October 2019|title=Ex ministra de Transportes: Alza de pasajes es consecuencia directa de las decisiones del Gobierno|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/transantiago/ex-ministra-de-transportes-alza-de-pasajes-es-consecuencia-directa-de/2019-10-16/175705.html|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|trans-title=Former Minister of Transportation: Fare increase is a direct consequence of the Government's decisions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020015620/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/transantiago/ex-ministra-de-transportes-alza-de-pasajes-es-consecuencia-directa-de/2019-10-16/175705.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}

In addition, there is criticism that rail transit fares in Santiago are the second highest in Latin America (only surpassed by São Paulo).{{cite web|access-date=20 October 2019|title=Tarifa del Transantiago suma aumento de $200 desde su inicio en 2007|url=https://www.latercera.com/noticia/tarifa-del-transantiago-suma-aumento-de-200-desde-su-inicio-en-2007 |website=latercera.com |language=es|trans-title=Transantiago tariffs have increased by CLP$200 since 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020005333/https://www.latercera.com/noticia/tarifa-del-transantiago-suma-aumento-de-200-desde-su-inicio-en-2007/|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live|date=February 2012}} In relative terms, the average monthly cost per person for the city's public transport is equivalent to 13.8% of the minimum wage, well above other cities such as Buenos Aires, Mexico City or Lima, where it does not exceed 10%.{{cite web|access-date=20 October 2019|title=T13|url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/evasion-masiva-metro-valor-pasaje-chile-mundo-sueldo-minimo |website=t13.cl |date=18 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020014454/https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/evasion-masiva-metro-valor-pasaje-chile-mundo-sueldo-minimo|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}

According to Jose Miguel Ahumada, a political economist and associate professor at the University of Chile, the country is "one of the most unequal countries in Latin America". As described by The Washington Post, while the last three decades of neoliberal policies made Chile "one of South America's wealthiest countries, with inflation under control and easy access to credit", they also "created stark economic disparities and strapped many Chileans into debt".{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/10/21/chile-protests-santiago-dead-state-emergency/|title='We are at war': 8 dead in Chile's violent protests over social inequality|date=21 October 2019|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024130721/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/10/21/chile-protests-santiago-dead-state-emergency/|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{efn-ua|Analysis of historical data shows that Chile has been very unequal society since at least 1850.{{cite book |title=Desiguales |date=2017 |publisher=PNUD |isbn=978-956-7469-86-4 |page=32}}}} The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) states, that 1% of the population in Chile controls 26.5% of the country's wealth, while 50% of low-income households access 2.1%. Additionally, according to the National Statistics Institute of Chile, while the minimum wage in Chile is 301,000 pesos, half of the workers in that country receive a salary equal to or less than 400,000 pesos.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-50115798|website=BBC|language=es|title=Protestas en Chile: 4 claves para entender la furia y el estallido social en el país sudamericano|author=Fernanda Paúl|date=23 October 2019|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021014523/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-50115798|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}

Protesters interviewed by Reuters said they were struggling to make ends meet because of the high costs of part-privatised education and health systems, rents and utilities, and a privatised pension system has been widely rejected by Chileans because of its low and often delayed payouts.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-explainer/explainer-chiles-inequality-challenge-what-went-wrong-and-can-it-be-fixed-idUSKBN1X22RK|title=Explainer: Chile's inequality challenge: What went wrong and can it be fixed?|website=Reuters|author=Aislinn Laing|author2=Dave Sherwood|author3=Fabian Cambero|date=23 October 2019|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024201143/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-explainer/explainer-chiles-inequality-challenge-what-went-wrong-and-can-it-be-fixed-idUSKBN1X22RK|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}

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| image1 = Bus de Transantiago quemado la noche de 2019.10.18 en Santiago de Chile.jpg

| caption1 = One of the 16 public transport buses that were burned on the night of 18 October

| image2 = Fuerzas Especiales de Carabineros vigilando protesta en la rotonda Grecia (Santiago de Chile), 2019.10.19.jpg

| caption2 = Carabineros Public Order Control officers watching protests on 19 October

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The protests against the rise in public transportation costs in Santiago, Chile, were marked by a series of mass fare evasions initiated by students from prominent high schools in downtown Santiago, including Liceo n.º 1 Javiera Carrera, Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera, and Internado Nacional Barros Arana.Under the slogan ¡Evade! ("evade"), the fare-dodging campaign continued and grew over the remainder of that week and into the next. Regarding the fees Minister of Economy Juan Andrés Fontaine commented on October 8 that "those who get up early can be helped with a lower rate" causing outrage in the public opinion.{{Cite news |title=Fontaine y su llamado a "madrugar" para ahorrar en el metro: "Preferiría haberlo dicho de una manera distinta" |url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/fontaine-llamado-madrugar-ahorrar-metro-preferiria-haberlo-dicho-una-manera-distinta/866433/ |last=Jara |first=Alejandra |date=2019-10-18 |access-date=2022-10-21 |work=La Tercera |language=Spanish}} The first of these acts of fare evasion took place at the Universidad de Chile metro station on Monday, 7 October, and continued daily at various nearby stations, leading to a significant response from the Metro authorities. The Santiago Metro implemented controlled access at several stations in coordination with the 60th police station of Carabineros de Chile, situated within the Baquedano metro station, and filed a complaint with the North Central Prosecutor's Office in an effort to contain the protests.{{Cite web |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/evasion-masiva-alumnos-del-instituto-nacional-metro-termina-denuncia-fiscalia-medidas-contencion/857409/ |title=Evasión masiva de alumnos del Instituto Nacional en el Metro termina con denuncia en Fiscalía y medidas de contención |date=11 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |last=Baeza |first=Angélica |website=La Tercera |language=es-CL}}

In the second week of protests, the acts of fare evasion by school students were recorded at various stations of the metro network, spreading rapidly on social media and leading to an increase in stations with controlled access.{{Cite news |title=[Video] Secundarios protestaron contra el alza del Metro con masiva evasión |url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/transportes/metro/secundarios-protestaron-contra-el-alza-del-metro-con-masiva-evasion/2019-10-14/201854.html |date=14 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=Cooperativa |language=es}}{{Cite news |title=Metro cierra varias estaciones de la Línea 5 por manifestaciones |url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2019/10/14/metro-cierra-varias-estaciones-de-la-linea-5-por-manifestaciones/ |date=14 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=El Dínamo |language=es}} By Tuesday, 15 October, the metro lines 1, 3, and 5 faced interruptions in their service due to the high number of protesters.{{Cite news |title=Metro cierra estaciones por nuevas evasiones masivas |url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2019/10/15/metro-cierra-estaciones-por-nueva-evasion-masiva/ |date=15 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |work=El Dínamo |language=es}}

The National Intelligence Agency had issued a warning on 8 October, suggesting an increase in security measures as actions beyond fare evasion were anticipated between 8 and 11 October, hinting at political support for these actions.{{Cite web |title=El informe de la ANI que advirtió diez días antes evasiones en el Metro y llamados al "sabotaje" |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/reportajes/2020/03/16/el-informe-de-la-ani-que-advirtio-diez-dias-antes-evasiones-en-el-metro-y-llamados-al-sabotaje.shtml |date=16 March 2020 |access-date=17 March 2021 |publisher=Radio Bio-Bio}}

As the days passed, the demonstrations continued to grow, involving not only students but other groups as well. On the morning of Wednesday, 16 October, serious incidents occurred inside and outside the Santa Ana station between protesters and special forces of the Carabineros.{{Cite web |title=Las evasiones masivas no paran: estación Santa Ana registra graves disturbios |url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/noticias/2019/10/16/evasion-masiva-santa-ana-metro.html |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |last=García Tironi |first=Constanza |website=Publimetro Chile}} The situation deteriorated further in the afternoon, with a notable incident where hundreds of passengers knocked down the access gate to the Plaza de Armas station, which was closed to prevent fare evasions.{{Cite web |title=Evasión masiva en Metro Plazade Armas: pasajeros botaron la reja de acceso y difundieron el caótico registro |url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/noticias/2019/10/16/plaza-de-armas-evasion-masiva.html |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |publisher=Publimetro Chile}}

Despite the growing acceptance of the protests, they were minimized and criminalized by government authorities and other experts, including the former president of the Metro, Clemente Pérez, who dismissed the protests as "senseless" and "rather foolish".{{Cite web |title=Clemente Pérez por evasiones masivas en el Metro: "Es una protesta más bien tonta y poco justificada" |url=https://www.24horas.cl/programas/entrevistas/clemente-perez-por-evasiones-masivas-en-el-metro-es-una-protesta-mas-bien-tonta-y-poco-justificada-3663318 |date=16 October 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |publisher=24Horas.cl}}

The protests escalated further on Thursday, 17 October, with more violent clashes occurring at metro stations. The closure of certain stations was compounded by a water main break on Avenida Providencia, worsening transportation issues during peak hours. The San Joaquín station saw the destruction of fare validators for the Tarjeta bip!, while stations like San Miguel, Chile España, and Estación Central were closed with no train stops. The Metro estimated the damage at approximately 500 million pesos, around 700,000 US dollars.{{Cite web |title=Nueva jornada de evasión en Metro por alza de pasajes obliga a empresa a cerrar estaciones |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/nueva-jornada-evasion-metro-alza-pasajes-obliga-empresa-cerrar-estaciones |date=20 October 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |publisher=Teletrece}}{{Cite web |title=Metro por evasiones masivas: Daños alcanzan los 500 millones de pesos |url=https://www.t13.cl/noticia/nacional/evasiones-masivas-danos-500-millones-18-10-2019 |date=18 October 2019 |access-date=20 October 2019 |publisher=Teletrece}}

On Friday, 18 October, the situation escalated as protests unfolded in downtown Santiago. Barricades were built, to which the police responded with water cannons and tear gas. The entire Metro system was closed after attacks were reported at nearly all its 164 stations, forcing many passengers to walk home. The headquarters of electricity company Enel Generación Chile was damaged in a fire which affected its emergency exit stairwell.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/18/incendio-descomunal-afecta-edificio-de-enel-en-el-centro-de-santiago.shtml|title=Incendio descomunal afecta edificio de ENEL en centro de Santiago: evacuaron a 40 trabajadores|date=18 October 2019|website=BioBioChile – La Red de Prensa Más Grande de Chile|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042221/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/18/incendio-descomunal-afecta-edificio-de-enel-en-el-centro-de-santiago.shtml|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}} multiple subway stations were burned in Santiago{{cite web |title=20 estaciones quemadas y 41 con diversos daños: el recuento de Metro por jornadas de protestas |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/19/20-estaciones-quemadas-y-41-con-diversos-danos-el-recuento-de-metro-por-jornadas-de-protestas.shtml |publisher=Biobío |access-date=9 February 2024 |language=es |date=19 October 2019 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206235349/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/19/20-estaciones-quemadas-y-41-con-diversos-danos-el-recuento-de-metro-por-jornadas-de-protestas.shtml |url-status=live }} as well as infrastructure throughout the country, severely damaging businesses{{cite web |title=Comerciantes afectados por el estallido social anunciaron acciones legales contra el Estado: acusan nulas respuestas por parte del gobierno |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/comerciantes-afectados-por-el-estallido-social-anunciaron-acciones-legales-contra-el-estado-acusan-nulas-respuestas-por-parte-del-gobierno/UZJDCDX3QBGQFBB6CTQNU4GRNY/ |publisher=La Tercera |access-date=9 February 2024 |language=es |date=11 October 2021 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206235414/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/comerciantes-afectados-por-el-estallido-social-anunciaron-acciones-legales-contra-el-estado-acusan-nulas-respuestas-por-parte-del-gobierno/UZJDCDX3QBGQFBB6CTQNU4GRNY/ |url-status=live }} and public infrastructure.

File:Presidente Piñera decreta Estado de Emergencia en las Provincias de Santiago y Chacabuco y en las comunas de San Bernardo y Puente Alto para normalizar el orden público (8).jpg and the head of National Defense for the Metropolitan Region Javier Iturriaga del Campo.]]

File:Presidente Piñera decreta Estado de Emergencia en las Provincias de Santiago y Chacabuco y en las comunas de San Bernardo y Puente Alto para normalizar el orden público.jpg

During the late hours of the day, a photograph circulated on social media showing the President away from La Moneda Palace, attending the birthday of one of his grandchildren.{{Cite web |date=18 October 2019 |title=BRUTAL: Mientras todo Chile protestaba y su Gobierno se caía a pedazos pillaron a Piñera comiendo en una pizzería de Vitacura |url=http://www.gamba.cl/2019/10/brutal-mientras-todo-chile-protesta-y-su-gobierno-se-cae-a-pedazos-pillan-a-pinera-comiendo-en-pizzeria-de-vitacura/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020140837/http://www.gamba.cl/2019/10/brutal-mientras-todo-chile-protesta-y-su-gobierno-se-cae-a-pedazos-pillan-a-pinera-comiendo-en-pizzeria-de-vitacura/ |archive-date=20 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=Gamba |language=es-ES}}{{Cite web |title=Santiago on fire and with no transport and Piñera in a family party at a pizza parlor |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2019/10/19/santiago-on-fire-and-with-no-transport-and-pinera-in-a-family-party-at-a-pizza-parlor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019163052/https://en.mercopress.com/2019/10/19/santiago-on-fire-and-with-no-transport-and-pinera-in-a-family-party-at-a-pizza-parlor |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=19 October 2019 |website=MercoPress |language=en}} The celebration took place at a restaurant named Romaría, an expensive pizza parlour in the northern district of Vitacura, one of Santiago's wealthiest. Government authorities confirmed the situation, explaining that it was a brief stop while the president was returning to La Moneda to address the crisis. However, the image became an iconic moment, symbolizing the disconnection between the president and his administration and the reality faced by people suffering from the high cost of living and the chaos caused by the protests.{{Cite web |date=2019-10-19 |title=La pizza más cara de Piñera: la cadena de errores del Presidente en el manejo de crisis y que ha terminado con tanques en las calles |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2019/10/19/la-pizza-mas-cara-de-pinera-la-cadena-de-errores-del-presidente-que-prendieron-fuego-al-estallido-social/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=El Mostrador |language=es}} Piñera later addressed the nation and announced a 15-day state of emergency in the capital, allowing the armed forces to patrol the city alongside the Carabineros, Chile's militarized national police force.{{Cite web |title=Chile declares state of emergency after subway protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/19/chile-protests-state-of-emergency-declared-in-santiago/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=2019-10-19 |title=Chile protests: Three dead in supermarket fire as clashes continue |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50113090 |access-date=2024-12-10 |language=en-GB}}

File:Concepcion, Chile protests 2019.jpg on 21 October]]

The violence continued on 19 October and the Metro remained closed to passengers. Shops were looted, buses were set alight and clashes occurred between demonstrators and the security forces.{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/chile-president-declares-state-emergency-violent-protests-070230347.html|title=Chile extends state of emergency as protest death toll hits seven|website=news.yahoo.com|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020184630/https://news.yahoo.com/chile-president-declares-state-emergency-violent-protests-070230347.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}} A curfew was imposed between 22:00 and 07:00 hours. As rioting spread to other parts of the country, states of emergency were declared in the Valparaíso Region and Concepción Province.{{Cite news |date=20 October 2019 |title=Three dead in Chile supermarket fire amid riots |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50113090 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021030406/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50113090 |archive-date=21 October 2019 |access-date=21 October 2019 |newspaper=BBC News}} In an address to the nation in the evening, President Piñera announced the cancellation of the fare increase and the establishment of a dialogue panel, with representatives from across society, to discuss the underlying causes behind the unrest.{{Cite web|url=http://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=103668|title=Presidente Piñera anuncia suspensión del alza de pasajes en el transporte público y convoca a una mesa de diálogo para escuchar las demandas de la ciudadanía|website=prensa.presidencia.cl|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024141307/https://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=103668|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}

File:Protestas en Chile 20191022 07.jpg on 22 October]]

On 20 October, many supermarkets, shopping malls and cinemas remained closed{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/se-puede-ir-al-supermercado-tomar-vuelo-ir-al-cine-no-este-domingo-la-capital/869710/|title=¿Se puede ir al supermercado? ¿tomar un vuelo? ¿ir al cine?: qué hacer y qué no en este domingo en la capital|date=20 October 2019|website=La Tercera|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021005133/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/se-puede-ir-al-supermercado-tomar-vuelo-ir-al-cine-no-este-domingo-la-capital/869710/|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}} as the protests continued.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/20/chiles-president-reverses-fare-increase-as-unrest-continues|title=Chile: protests rage as president extends state of emergency |date=21 October 2019|access-date=21 October 2019 |via=theguardian.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021010350/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/20/chiles-president-reverses-fare-increase-as-unrest-continues|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live|newspaper=The Guardian}}

Curfews were imposed for that night in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, and the regions of Valparaíso, Biobío (including the regional capital, Concepción), and Coquimbo;{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964942/toque-de-queda-RM.html|title=Decretan toques de queda para las regiones Metropolitana, Biobío, Valparaíso y Coquimbo | Emol.com|first=El Mercurio|last=S.A.P|date=20 October 2019|website=Emol|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020221851/https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964942/toque-de-queda-RM.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}} as the curfew began in Santiago, many protesters remained on the street.{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964944/Toque-de-queda-por-manifestaciones.html|title=Toque de queda por manifestaciones | Emol.com|first=El Mercurio|last=S.A.P|date=21 October 2019|website=Emol|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020221845/https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964944/Toque-de-queda-por-manifestaciones.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}

Local authorities also announced the closure of schools on 21 October (and some also on 22 October) in 43 of the 52 communes of the Metropolitan Region and across the province of Concepción.{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964945/comunas-colegio-toque-de-queda.html|title=Entregan listado de las 48 comunas que suspenderán las clases mañana lunes en la Región Metropolitana | Emol.com|first=El Mercurio|last=S.A.P|date=20 October 2019|website=Emol|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020221841/https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964945/comunas-colegio-toque-de-queda.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/suspension-clases-revisa-comunas-la-rm-no-tendran-clases-manana/869863/|title=Suspensión de clases: Revisa qué comunas de la RM no tendrán clases mañana|date=20 October 2019|website=La Tercera|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021005200/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/suspension-clases-revisa-comunas-la-rm-no-tendran-clases-manana/869863/|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}

President Piñera again addressed the nation on the evening of 20 October. In his remarks, he said the country was "at war with a powerful and relentless enemy" and announced that the state of emergency, already in effect in the Metropolitan Region and the regions of Valparaíso, Biobío, Coquimbo and O'Higgins, would be extended to the regions of Antofagasta, Maule, Los Ríos, and Magallanes.{{Cite web |url=https://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=103689 |title=Presidente Piñera: "Estoy seguro de que, con la unidad de todos los chilenos, vamos a derrotar a los violentistas y vamos a recuperar el país en paz y el país con libertad que todos queremos" – Prensa Presidencia |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024144328/https://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=103689 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |url-status=live }} Some opposition politicians described his rhetoric as "irresponsible", while a Latin America editor for BBC News Online expressed concern about the impact his words would have on the protesters and on the chances for meaningful dialogue.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50119649 |title=Cost of living protests in Chile take deadly toll |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021185043/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50119649 |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=live |work=BBC News |date=21 October 2019 }} Hours shortly after the President's speech, chief of national defense, General Javier Iturriaga del Campo, spoke against this declaration, asserting that he was "content" and "not at war with anyone".{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/la-verdad-no-estoy-guerra-nadie-general-iturriaga-se-desmarca-dichos-del-presidente-pinera/870824/|title="La verdad es que no estoy en guerra con nadie": General Iturriaga se desmarca de dichos del Presidente Piñera|date=21 October 2019|website=La Tercera|language=es-CL|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021220644/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/la-verdad-no-estoy-guerra-nadie-general-iturriaga-se-desmarca-dichos-del-presidente-pinera/870824/|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}

File:Plaza de la Dignidad.jpg

Some incidents of unrest were reported on 21 October in Santiago, Concepción, and other cities. The Santiago Metro remained closed, except for a portion of Line 1,{{Cite web |url=https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/1999442-chile-restarts-work-amid-pockets-of-unrest |title=Chile restarts work amid pockets of unrest |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021221237/https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/1999442-chile-restarts-work-amid-pockets-of-unrest |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=live |date=21 October 2019 }} as did all the nation's universities and institutes of higher education.{{Cite web |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/educacion-superior-se-paralizopor-primera-vez-40-anos/871917/ |title=Educación Superior se paralizó por primera vez en 40 años |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022022221/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/educacion-superior-se-paralizopor-primera-vez-40-anos/871917/ |archive-date=22 October 2019 |url-status=live |date=21 October 2019 }} The intendant of the Metropolitan Region announced that schools would remain closed on 22 October in 48 of the region's communes.{{Cite web |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/intendenta-rubilar-informa-se-suspenden-clases-48-comunas-la-rm-este-martes/870731/ |title=Intendenta Rubilar informa que se suspenden clases en 48 comunas de la RM este martes |access-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022040759/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/intendenta-rubilar-informa-se-suspenden-clases-48-comunas-la-rm-este-martes/870731/ |archive-date=22 October 2019 |url-status=live |date=21 October 2019 }} Michelle Bachelet, a former President of Chile then serving as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, issued a call for open, sincere and immediate dialogue and warned that "the use of inflammatory rhetoric will only serve to further aggravate the situation".{{Cite web | url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25179&LangID=E |title = OHCHR | Bachelet urges "immediate dialogue" to resolve crisis in Chile}}

On 25 October, over a million people took to the streets in Santiago, and thousands more throughout Chile, to protest against President Piñera, demanding his resignation.

As of 26 October 2019 19 people have died, nearly 2,500 have been injured, and 2,840 have been arrested.

On 27 October, President Piñera requested all of his cabinet ministers to resign;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50197673|title=Chile president sacks whole cabinet after protests|date=27 October 2019|work=BBC|access-date=27 October 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027182641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50197673|archive-date=27 October 2019|url-status=live}} however, he accepted 8 resignations, including the Interior Minister Andrés Chadwick. Three days later, Piñera withdrew Chile from hosting the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting scheduled for November and the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December.{{cite news |title=Chile cancels Apec summit, Cop 25 climate meeting amid wave of protests |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/americas/chile-cancels-apec-summit-climate-meeting-in-santiago-amid-wave-of-protests |access-date=5 April 2021 |agency=Reuters |newspaper=The Straits Times |date=30 October 2019}}

According to Bloomberg, the protests are the worst civil unrest having occurred in Chile since the end of Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship due to of the scale of damage to public infrastructure, the number of protesters, and the measures taken by the government.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/27/chile-hundreds-shot-and-beaten-street-protests|title=Hundreds shot and beaten as Chile takes to the streets|last=Franklin|first=Jonathan|date=27 October 2019|work=The Observer|access-date=27 October 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0029-7712|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027181706/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/27/chile-hundreds-shot-and-beaten-street-protests|archive-date=27 October 2019|url-status=live}}

On 8 November, approximately 75,000 people took to the streets of Santiago to take part in anti-government protests. During the protests, a Roman Catholic church in Santiago was looted and its religious iconography was burned in the street.{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chile-protesters-burn-university-loot-church/a-51177461|title=Chile: Protesters burn university, loot church|publisher=Deutsche Welle|date=9 November 2019|access-date=26 October 2020}} A university near Santiago's Plaza Italia square was burned as well.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

Monday, 21 October, was the first business day after the big riots. The government insisted on working towards normalcy, by encouraging the return to work and school. The Secretary of Labor Nicolás Monckeberg rejected the idea to declare a holiday, despite the fact that he told businesses to give employees more flexible hours due to transportation issues.{{cite web|last=Carrizo Ortiz|date=20 October 2019|title=Ministro del Trabajo, Nicolás Monckeberg: "La jornada de trabajo de mañana se mantiene"|url=https://www.latercera.com/pulso/noticia/ministro-del-trabajo-nicolas-monckeberg-la-jornada-trabajo-manana-se-mantiene/869985/|work=La Tercera|accessdate=7 November 2019}} As for schools, the government gave municipalities the freedom to decide if they would hold classes. In the metropolitan region of Santiago, 43 of the 52 communes suspended activities, in addition to a large number of private institutions. They were joined by the majority of universities and institutions of higher education.{{cite web|date=20 October 2019|title=Estas son las comunas y las instituciones de educación superior que suspendieron sus clases|url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/comunas-instituciones-educacion-superior-suspension-clases_20191020/|work=CNN Chile|accessdate=7 November 2019}} Despite the fears of a possible shortage of food and fuel among citizens, due to the closure of shops, this did not occur, even though some people waited in long lines and others started hoarding.{{cite web|last=Henríquez|date=21 October 2019|title=El "fantasma" del desabastecimiento|url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/noticias/2019/10/21/desabastecimiento-fantasma-crisis-saqueos-supermercados.html|work=Publimetro|accessdate=7 November 2019}}

The Santiago Metro partially restarted activity on Monday the 21st, opening certain Line 1 stations with a reduced schedule.{{cite web|last=Tapia|date=21 October 2019|title=Cinco estaciones cerradas en Línea 1: estos son los servicios paralelos que están disponibles|url=https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/21/cinco-estaciones-cerradas-en-linea-1-estos-son-los-servicios-paralelos-que-estan-disponibles.html|work=Radio Agricultura|accessdate=7 November 2019|archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019172717/https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/21/cinco-estaciones-cerradas-en-linea-1-estos-son-los-servicios-paralelos-que-estan-disponibles.html|url-status=dead}} In the days following, they increased the number of available stations. Beginning on the 28th, five of the seven lines opened and 53 stations opened (out of a total of 136).{{cite web|date=24 October 2019|title=Metro anuncia operación parcial de Línea 2 y 5: Las estaciones disponibles suman 53|url=https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/metro-anuncia-operacion-parcial-de-linea-2-y-5-las-estaciones-disponibles-suman-53-3681249|work=24horas.cl|accessdate=8 November 2019}} In spite of that, low metro capacities, temporary closures of some stations, and traffic diversions due to the demonstrations created long transportation delays for citizens of Santiago, especially in the more peripheral sectors. Additionally, the use of bicycles increased because of long delays on public transportation.{{cite web|last=Arce|first=Gabriel|date=30 October 2019|title=Ante la crisis, se pedalea: calles de Santiago viven "invasión" de ciclistas ante problemas en el transporte|url=https://www.publimetro.cl/cl/noticias/2019/10/30/ante-la-crisis-se-pedalea-calles-santiago-viven-invasion-ciclistas-ante-problemas-transporte.html|work=Publimetro|accessdate=7 November 2019}}

After five days of massive demonstrations, President Sebastián Piñera returned on the night of 22 October to address the country. During this speech, Piñera asked for forgiveness for not recognizing the issues that troubled society and announced a series of steps called the "New Social Agenda".{{cite web|last=Rogel|date=23 October 2019|title=Piñera pide perdón y anuncia agenda social que implicará "esfuerzo grande"|url=https://www.diarioconcepcion.cl/politica/2019/10/23/pinera-pide-perdon-y-anuncia-agenda-social-que-implicara-esfuerzo-grande.html|work=Diario Concepción|accessdate=30 November 2019}} These measures incorporate a series of small and moderate changes that will address different areas of need:{{cite web|date=23 October 2019|title=Presidente Piñera anuncia Agenda Social con mayores pensiones, aumento del ingreso mínimo, freno al costo de la electricidad, beneficios en salud, nuevos impuestos para altas rentas y defensoría para víctimas de delitos|url=https://prensa.presidencia.cl/comunicado.aspx?id=123766|work=Presidencia de la República|accessdate=7 November 2019}}

• Pensions: 20% increase in the Basic Solidarity Pension and the Provisional Solidarity Contribution; additional increases in 2021 and 2022 for retirees over the age of 75; fiscal contributions to complement Social Security savings of the middle class and women; contributions of fiscal resources to improve pensions for older adults who are not eligible.
• Health: Fix the government's catastrophic disease insurance project; create a project for medication; expand the agreement from Fansa with pharmacies to reduce the price of medication.
• Wages: Complement, with fiscal funds, the salary of workers until they reach a minimum guaranteed income of 350,000 Bruto (298,800 pesos) for full-time work; for the workers that receive the minimum salary, this is an increase of 49,000 pesos.{{cite web|date=6 November 2019|title=Ingreso mínimo garantizado del Gobierno no llega a los $300.000 líquidos|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/11/06/ingreso-minimo-garantizado-del-gobierno-no-llega-a-los-300-000-liquidos/|work=El Desconcierto|accessdate=7 November 2019}}
• Energy: Creation of a stable mechanism for electric tariffs, that voids the 9.2% rise expected in the coming months.
• Taxes: Creation of a new plan in the supplementary global tax of 40% for incomes over eight million pesos per month.
• Public administration: Reduction in the allowance of parliament and high salaries of the public administration; reduction of the number of members in the parliament and limits on their re-election.

Even though some politicians value concrete proposals, many critique the proposals as insufficient given the scale of the protests, even from the ruling party.{{cite web|author=R. R.|date=31 October 2019|title=Diputada Sabat (RN): "La agenda que ha presentado el presidente es insuficiente, en eso estamos todos de acuerdo"|url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/marcela-sabat-critica-agenda-de-pinera/885095/|work=La Tercera|accessdate=7 November 2019}} Within the opposition, they critique the fact that some of the proposals subsidize or favor private businesses, being only superficial changes.{{cite web|last=Márquez|title=Los dardos de la oposición a la "Agenda Social" con la que Piñera busca poner fin a la crisis|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2019/10/22/oposicion-cuestionan-agenda-social-con-que-pinera-intenta-salir-de-la-crisis.shtml|website=www.biobiochile.cl|date=22 October 2019 }}

{{main|La marcha más grande de Chile}}

After the announcement of the "New Social Agenda", the demonstrations continued and included some new actors. On October 24, a group of truck drivers, taxi drivers and other drivers – organized in the group "no more tolling" – held a protest along Route 68 towards the headquarters of the National Congress in Valparaiso{{cite web|date=24 October 2019|title=Camioneros protestan frente al Congreso en Valparaíso tras tomar con caravana la Ruta 68|url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/protestas-camioneros-ruta-68_20191024/|work=CNN Chile|accessdate=10 November 2019}} The following day, the group held new demonstrations occupying various urban highways in Santiago as a way about the high cost of electronic tolling.{{cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Paro de camioneros por No+Tag colapsan las principales autopistas de Santiago y meten más presión a Piñera|url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/noticias/pais/2019/10/25/paro-de-camioneros-por-notag-colapsan-las-principales-autopistas-de-santiago-y-meten-mas-presion-a-pinera/|work=El Mostrador|accessdate=10 November 2019}}{{cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Ministro de Obras Públicas: "No hay, ni ha habido, aumento del TAG"|url=https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/25/ministro-de-obras-publicas-no-hay-ni-ha-habido-aumento-del-tag.html|work=Radio Agricultura|accessdate=10 November 2019|archive-date=2021-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019183609/https://www.radioagricultura.cl/nacional/2019/10/25/ministro-de-obras-publicas-no-hay-ni-ha-habido-aumento-del-tag.html|url-status=dead}}

On Friday the 25th, massive marches were organized in different cities of the country. In the capital of the country, the principal announcement was made in Plaza Baquedano. "The biggest march of them all", as it was called, had an attendance that officially exceeded 1.2 million people{{cite web|author=Radio Bío-Bío|date=25 October 2019|title=Plaza Italia reúne 1,2 millones de personas y se convierte en la mayor marcha en 30 años|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2019/10/25/comienzan-a-concentrarse-manifestantes-en-plaza-italia-para-la-marcha-mas-grande-de-chile.shtml|accessdate=25 October 2019}} becoming the largest recognized in Chile. This exceeded the demonstrations organized by the "No" campaign for plebiscites in 1988.{{cite web|author=La Tercera|date=25 October 2019|title=Manifestación desde las alturas: videos muestran la histórica convocatoria de la "Marcha más grande de Chile"|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/manifestacion-desde-las-alturas-video-muestra-la-historica-convocatoria-la-marcha-mas-grande-chile/878392/|accessdate=25 October 2019}}{{cite web|author=24 Horas|date=25 October 2019|title="La marcha más grande de Chile" logra histórica convocatoria en Santiago y el país|url=https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/la-marcha-mas-grande-de-chile-logra-historica-convocatoria-en-santiago-y-el-pais-3684132|accessdate=25 October 2019}} The demonstration, due to its size, covered a large part of Alameda, the main avenue of the city, Forestal Park, Bustamente Park, Balmaceda Park, and other spaces. On that same afternoon, there was a march between Valparaíso and Viña del Mar with an attendance of more than 90,000 people, while in Concepción it reached 50,000 people.{{cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Los históricos registros que dejó "La Marcha Más Grande de Chile"|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/25/los-historicos-registros-que-dejo-la-marcha-mas-grande-de-chile/|accessdate=10 November 2019}} During the day there were multiple massive marches in other cities in Chile, between them Rancagua, La Serena, Coquimbo, Concepción, Arica and Punta Arenas, among others.{{cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Masiva marcha se desarrolla en el centro de Concepción|url=https://www.canal9.cl/programas/noticias/2019/10/25/masiva-marcha-se-desarrolla-en-el-centro-de-concepcion.shtml|work=Canal 9 Regional|accessdate=30 October 2019}}

After the protests, various governmental figures expressed their support of the demonstrations through social media. President Sebastián Piñera referred to the massive march as "transversal" and "without political colors",{{cite web|date=25 October 2019|title=Presidente Piñera por histórica marcha: "Todos escuchamos el mensaje, hemos cambiado"|url=https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/presidente-pinera-por-historica-marcha-todos-escuchamos-el-mensaje-hemos-cambiado-3684723|work=24 Horas|accessdate=10 November 2019}} even though the demands of the protestors include the resignation of the government and himself.{{cite web|date=26 October 2019|title=Sebastián Piñera, tras la histórica marcha en Chile: "Todos hemos escuchado el mensaje, todos hemos cambiado"|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/26/sebastian-pinera-tras-la-historica-marcha-de-protesta-todos-hemos-escuchado-el-mensaje-todos-hemos-cambiado/|work=Infobae|accessdate=30 October 2019}}{{blockquote|"The massive, happy, and calm march today, where the Chileans asked for a more just and supportive Chile, opens grand paths of future and hope. We all have listened to the message. We all have changed. With unity and help from God, we will walk the road to that better Chile for all."|Sebastián Piñera, President of Chile (Twitter){{cite tweet|user=sebastianpinera|author=Piñera, Sebastián|number=1187887888069025794|date=25 October 2019|title=La multitudinaria,alegre y pacífica marcha hoy,donde los chilenos piden un Chile más justo y solidario,abre grandes caminos de futuro y esperanza.Todos hemos escuchado el mensaje.Todos hemos cambiado.Con unidad y ayuda de Dios,recorreremos el camino a ese Chile mejor para todos}}}}

File:Presidente Sebastián Piñera convoca a Plebiscito Constitucional 2020 (4).jpg.]]

During this crisis, the president promoted the "Agreement for Peace" that made possible the constitutional plebiscite of 2020 and other reforms to end institutionally and democratically the crisis, not by the use of force.

During November 13 and 14, the Chile Vamos parties, led by President Piñera, and part of the opposition – excluding the CCP, the PRO, the FRVS, the PH and CS – held a series of negotiations in the building of the former National Congress to determine the beginning of a constituent process and its implementation mechanism. Negotiations came to fruition in the early hours of November 15, announcing the completion of the plebiscite through a declaration called Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution.

File:Cartel del perro quiltro (mestizo) símbolo de protestas sociales en Chile.jpg dog symbol of social protests in Chile.]]

On 6 January 2020, university entrance exams to be taken by 300,000 students around Chile were disrupted by protests over inequality and elitism, with some students blocking access to test sites and burning exam papers.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-university-idUSKBN1Z522I|title=Chilean university admissions tests hit by fresh protests|date=6 January 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=15 January 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115180013/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-university-idUSKBN1Z522I|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}

At the end of January 2020, the social unrest (which had reduced somewhat during the Chilean summer holidays) resumed again with large demonstrations. The protests were catalysed by incidents such as the death of Jorge Mora, struck by a Carabinero vehicle after a football match.{{cite news |title=Violence resurgence in Chile: three deaths, looting and torched supermarkets |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2020/02/01/violence-resurgence-in-chile-three-deaths-looting-and-torched-supermarkets |access-date=29 February 2020 |work=MercoPress |agency=UTC |date=29 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229185804/https://en.mercopress.com/2020/02/01/violence-resurgence-in-chile-three-deaths-looting-and-torched-supermarkets |archive-date=29 February 2020 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Two more dead as fresh waves of violent protests break out in Chile |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/two-more-dead-as-fresh-waves-of-violent-protests-break-out-in-chile |access-date=29 February 2020 |work=SBS News |agency=AFP-SBS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229185928/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/two-more-dead-as-fresh-waves-of-violent-protests-break-out-in-chile |archive-date=29 February 2020 |language=en}} As of February 2020, an estimated 36 people had died. The Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) denounced the violence of the police and announced that between 18 October and 6 December 2019, 28,000 people had been imprisoned. The Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos (INDH) reported at the end of January 2020 that 427 persons had received eye injuries at the hands of the police. The INDH also recorded 697 attacks on lone civilians by state actors between the start of the protests in October and 31 January. Of these, 123 attacks were by Carabineros.

The protests had to come to a halt due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the establishment of several partial lockdowns in Santiago and other cities. Taking advantage of the situation, government agencies erased most of the graffiti and street art in downtown Santiago that was drawn during the protests. On 3 April, President Sebastián Piñera visited an empty Plaza Italia and took some pictures in it, which was considered by many as a way of taunting the protesters under quarantine. Piñera later regretted the situation and mentioned that he was "misinterpreted".{{cite news |title=Piñera se bajó de su auto en Plaza Italia y fue fotografiado a los pies del monumento a Baquedano |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/03/world/americas/03reuters-chile-protests-president.html |date=3 April 2020|access-date=19 May 2020 |work=CNN Chile}}{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chiles-president-sparks-outrage-with-visit-to-quarantined-protest-2/|work=The Globe and Mail|last=Laing|first=Aislinn|agency=Reuters|date=3 April 2020|access-date=19 May 2020 |title=Chile's president sparks outrage with visit to quarantined protest square}} Despite the lockdown, some protests appeared during International Workers' Day in Santiago that resulted in the arrest of 57 people by Carabineros. Detained members of the international press were later released without charge. Similar incidents were reported in the port city of Valparaíso.{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200501-chile-police-arrest-dozens-at-santiago-may-day-protest|title=Chile police arrest dozens at Santiago May Day protest|date=1 May 2020|work=France 24|access-date=14 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501233816/https://www.france24.com/en/20200501-chile-police-arrest-dozens-at-santiago-may-day-protest|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}

On 4 September 2020, police and demonstrators clashed at an anti-government protest at Plaza Italia.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

On 11 September 2020, the 47th anniversary of the Pinochet coup, protestors clashed with Santiago police at the central Plaza Italia that resulted in over one hundred arrests. Sixteen police officers and two civilians were injured.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/police-say-100-arrested-clashes-mark-chile-coup-anniversary-3044719|title=Police Say 100 Arrested As Clashes Mark Chile Coup Anniversary|date=12 September 2020|work=AFP News|access-date=17 September 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917211640/https://www.ibtimes.com/police-say-100-arrested-clashes-mark-chile-coup-anniversary-3044719|archive-date=17 September 2020|url-status=live}}

In the following weeks, small protests appeared again in Plaza Italia usually on Fridays and were severely repressed by Carabineros. On 2 October, an incident occurred when a police officer pushed a 16-year-old protester off the Pío Nono bridge into the Mapocho river.{{cite news |last1=Bartlett |first1=John |title=Chilean police throw boy, 16, off bridge during protests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/03/chilean-police-throw-boy-16-off-bridge-during-protests |access-date=3 October 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=3 October 2020}} The minor suffered several fractures and concussion and was rescued by protesters. The situation sparked new protests on Saturday, 3 October near Plaza Italia, being the first time since the start of a national lockdown that the square is taken by protesters. Opposition politicians called for the resignation of General Director Mario Rozas and announce an impeachment to the Ministry of Interior Víctor Pérez. Also, they announce they will reject the annual budget for Carabineros unless changes are implemented.{{cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/oposicion-anuncia-acusacion-constitucional-contra-perez-y-llama-a-rechazar-presupuesto-de-carabineros/RO7FGWL5V5HKNME7FOX2J7J2ZA/|work=La Tercera|title=Oposición anuncia acusación constitucional contra Pérez y llama a rechazar presupuesto de Carabineros|first1=Vanessa|last1=Azócar|first2=Andrés|last2=Muñoz|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020}} The officer is under arrest and charged with attempted murder by the National Public Prossecutor.{{cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/detienen-por-presunto-delito-de-homicidio-frustrado-a-carabinero-indagado-por-caida-de-joven-a-rio-mapocho/JH3FR2R645BHDEC4XGAEE7WCGE/ |work=La Tercera|title=Detienen por presunto delito de homicidio frustrado a carabinero indagado por caída de joven a río Mapocho|date=3 October 2020|access-date=3 October 2020}}

On 18 October 2020, a year after the protests of 18 October 2019, individuals set a fire on the Parroquia de La Asunción in Santiago, resulting in the bell tower collapsing from the fire.{{Cite web|last=Stuardo|first=Manuel|date=18 October 2020|title=Se desmorona aguja de la Parroquia La Asunción en Santiago tras ser incendiada durante manifestación|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-metropolitana/2020/10/18/desconocidos-queman-la-parroquia-de-la-asuncion-en-santiago-durante-manfiestaciones.shtml|access-date=18 October 2020|website=BioBio Chile}} One of the 5 suspects is a Chilean Navy Corporal,{{Cite web|url=https://www.armada.cl/armada/comunicados/ampliacion-comunicado-servidor-naval-es-detenido-en-santiago-tras/2020-10-19/000925.html|title=Ampliación Comunicado: Servidor Naval es detenido en Santiago tras participar en desórdenes durante manifestaciones}} which may have been an infiltrator from the Armed Forces, this was denied by the government and the Chilean Navy. Corporal Ernesto Osorio was discharged from the Navy, while he is under investigation for his involvement in the arson.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2020/10/20/dan-de-baja-a-marino-detenido-en-manifestaciones/|title=Dan de baja a marino detenido en manifestaciones|date=20 October 2020 }} Two Catholic churches in Santiago were burned as well.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-chile-protests-anniversary/chile-anniversary-rallies-turn-violent-as-churches-burned-police-fire-tear-gas-idUSKBN2730UI|title = Chile anniversary rallies turn violent as churches burned, police fire tear gas|newspaper = Reuters|date = 25 October 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2020/10/19/demonstrators-burn-two-catholic-churches-chile-anniversary-protests|title = Demonstrators burn two Catholic churches in Chile on anniversary of protests|date = 19 October 2020}}

On 3 November 2020, Chile's Interior and Security Minister Victor Perez resigned after being suspended from his duties when the Chamber of Deputies voted in favor of an investigation over allegations he failed to stop police abuses during protests.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/chile-lawmakers-suspend-top-pinera-aide-on-police-brutality-1.1517043|title=Chile Lawmakers Suspend Top Pinera Aide on Police Brutality|date=3 November 2020|work=Bloomberg|access-date=6 November 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106222550/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/chile-lawmakers-suspend-top-pinera-aide-on-police-brutality-1.1517043|archive-date=6 November 2020|url-status=live}}

On 18 November 2020, hundreds demonstrated in the capital demanding President Piñera's resignation with regards to police repression of the protests.{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20201119-hundreds-protest-in-santiago-against-chilean-president|title=Hundreds protest in Santiago against Chilean president|date=18 November 2020|work=AFP|access-date=19 November 2020|language=en}}

{{further|Eye injuries in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests}}

File:Estados de excepción constitucional en Chile (octubre 2019).svg

During the protests 36 people have died as of February 2020, and thousands have been injured and arrested. Amnesty International has received hundreds of complaints about serious human rights violations that range from excessive use of force to torture, illegal raids and arbitrary detention.{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/10/chile-investigacion-para-documentar-violaciones-derechos-humanos/|title=Chile: Amnesty International announces research mission to document grave human rights violations|website=Amnesty International|date=24 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026125722/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/10/chile-investigacion-para-documentar-violaciones-derechos-humanos/|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}} Similar allegations have been received by Chile's National Institute for Human Rights, which also included reports of sexual violence.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50166538|website=BBC|title=Chile protests: Social reform pledges fail to quell unrest|date=24 October 2019|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026184516/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50166538|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5710268/chile-protests/|title=18 Killed as Hundreds of Thousands of Protestors Take to the Streets in Chile. Here's What to Know|author=Rachel Bunyan|magazine=Time|date=25 October 2019}}

• 19 October
• Two women died and one man was seriously injured in a fire inside a supermarket in the southern Santiago suburb of San Bernardo.{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964911/Toque-de-queda-santiago.html|title=Intendencia confirma que incendio que afectó a supermercado de San Bernardo durante saqueos dejó al menos tres fallecidos {{!}} Emol.com|last=S.A.P|first=El Mercurio|date=20 October 2019|website=Emol|language=es|access-date=20 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020113716/https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964911/Toque-de-queda-santiago.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• A Polish teacher was accidentally shot and killed by his father-in-law, who was trying to stop looters in a nearby supermarket.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2019/10/23/profesor-polaco-muere-por-disparo-de-su-suegro-mientras-intentaba-detener-un-saqueo/|title=Profesor polaco muere por disparo de su suegro mientras intentaba detener un saqueo|date=23 October 2019|website=El Dinamo|language=es|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023214312/https://www.eldinamo.cl/nacional/2019/10/23/profesor-polaco-muere-por-disparo-de-su-suegro-mientras-intentaba-detener-un-saqueo/|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• 20 October
• A 38-year-old man died in a supermarket fire on Matucana Avenue, located along the border of Santiago and Quinta Normal.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/tercer-fallecido-incendio-matucana_20191020/|title=Confirman tercer fallecido tras incendio de supermercado en Matucana {{!}} Emol.com|last=S.A.P|first=El Mercurio|date=20 October 2019|website=CNN Chile|language=es|access-date=24 October 2019}}
• Five people died in a textile factory fire in Renca; three of them were minors.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/es/muertos-por-protestas-en-chile-aumentan-a-8-y-se-extiende-toque-de-queda/a-50910101|title=Muertos por protestas en Chile aumentan a 8 y se extiende toque de queda {{!}} DW {{!}} 21 October 2019|trans-title=Death toll by protests in Chile rises to 8 and curfew extends|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=es-ES|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021025921/https://www.dw.com/es/muertos-por-protestas-en-chile-aumentan-a-8-y-se-extiende-toque-de-queda/a-50910101|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chile-protests-curfew-extended-as-death-toll-rises/a-50910153|title=Chile protests: Curfew extended as death toll rises|website=DW.COM|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=22 October 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/hijo-esta-muerto-drama-identificar-los-quemados-saqueos/871993/|title="¿Mi hijo está muerto?": El drama para identificar a los quemados en saqueos|publisher=La Tercera|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023212657/https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/hijo-esta-muerto-drama-identificar-los-quemados-saqueos/871993/|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live|date=22 October 2019}}
• A 21-year-old protester was shot dead by soldiers in La Serena; another was seriously injured.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-coquimbo/2019/10/20/confirman-muerte-de-una-persona-por-disparo-en-mall-de-la-serena-otra-esta-grave.shtml|title=Muere una persona por disparo en La Serena y otra queda grave: habrían recibido balazos de militares|date=20 October 2019|website=BioBioChile|language=es-CL|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023070817/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-coquimbo/2019/10/20/confirman-muerte-de-una-persona-por-disparo-en-mall-de-la-serena-otra-esta-grave.shtml|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.24horas.cl/regiones/coquimbo/investigacion-ejercito-homicidio-hombre-ecuatoriano-4730351|title = Extienden investigación contra oficial del Ejército por homicidio de hombre ecuatoriano|date = 13 April 2021}}
• A 23-year-old protester was shot dead inside a La Polar store by soldiers in Coquimbo.{{Cite web|url=http://www.diarioeldia.cl/policial/en-medio-crisis-social-reportan-segunda-victima-fatal-en-region|title=En medio de crisis social: reportan segunda víctima fatal en la región|date=20 October 2019|website=Diario el Día|language=es-CL|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022164654/http://www.diarioeldia.cl/policial/en-medio-crisis-social-reportan-segunda-victima-fatal-en-region|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• 21 October
• Two people, one of them 74 years old, died in a supermarket fire in La Pintana.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mega.cl/noticias/nacional/279774-incendio-sucursal-construmart-la-pintana-deja-dos-muertos.html|title=Dos muertos deja incendio en sucursal de Construmart en La Pintana|date=21 October 2019|website=MegaNoticias|language=es-CL|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022164731/https://www.mega.cl/noticias/nacional/279774-incendio-sucursal-construmart-la-pintana-deja-dos-muertos.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• A 25-year-old man was shot and killed in Curicó, and the investigation indicated, due to the bullet found, that he had been shot by a business-owner's gun,{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/fiscalia-retira-cargos-militar-empresario-disparo-jose-miguel-uribe_20191210/|title=Fiscalía retira cargos contra militar: Empresario sería responsable del disparo que dio muerte a José Miguel Uribe|website=cnnchile.com|date=10 December 2019|access-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211141935/https://www.cnnchile.com/pais/fiscalia-retira-cargos-militar-empresario-disparo-jose-miguel-uribe_20191210/|archive-date=11 December 2019|url-status=live}}[https://www.elmostrador.cl/dia/2019/12/10/fiscalia-retirara-cargos-por-homicidio-a-militar-detenido-por-muerte-de-jose-miguel-uribe-durante-manifestaciones-en-curico/ Fiscalía retirará cargos por homicidio a militar detenido por muerte de José Miguel Uribe durante manifestaciones en Curicó] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211144045/https://www.elmostrador.cl/dia/2019/12/10/fiscalia-retirara-cargos-por-homicidio-a-militar-detenido-por-muerte-de-jose-miguel-uribe-durante-manifestaciones-en-curico/ |date=11 December 2019 }}. El Mostrador, 10 de diciembre de 2019. Consultado el 11 de diciembre de 2019. and another three people were seriously injured. (The city was not under a state of emergency.){{Cite web|url=https://www.adnradio.cl/noticias/nacional/militares-disparan-y-matan-a-manifestante-en-curico/20191021/nota/3969155.aspx|title=Militares disparan y matan a manifestante en Curicó|date=21 October 2019 |website=adnradio.cl |language=es|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022173203/https://www.adnradio.cl/noticias/nacional/militares-disparan-y-matan-a-manifestante-en-curico/20191021/nota/3969155.aspx|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• In the commune of Talcahuano, in the city of Concepción during a period of looting, military forces ran over and killed a 23-year-old man.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-fallecio-atropellado-por-patrulla-militar-en-talcahuano/2019-10-21/203711.html|title=Hombre falleció atropellado por patrulla militar en Talcahuano|last=Cooperativa.cl|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023092315/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-fallecio-atropellado-por-patrulla-militar-en-talcahuano/2019-10-21/203711.html|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• A man was fatally electrocuted during looting in a Santa Isabel supermarket in a suburb of Santiago.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-murio-electrocutado-en-supermercado-saqueado-en-el-barrio-franklin/2019-10-22/010347.html|title=Hombre murió electrocutado en supermercado saqueado en el barrio Franklin|last=Cooperativa.cl|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024051421/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-murio-electrocutado-en-supermercado-saqueado-en-el-barrio-franklin/2019-10-22/010347.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• A 39-year-old man died in a hospital from injuries sustained in a beating carried out by policemen in Maipú, western Santiago. (His name was initially not included on the official list of dead; it was added on 23 October.){{Cite web|url=https://ciperchile.cl/2019/10/22/manifestante-murio-en-la-posta-central-y-gobierno-no-lo-incluyo-en-la-lista-oficial-de-fallecidos/|title=Manifestante murió en la Posta Central y gobierno no lo incluyó en la lista oficial de fallecidos|last=Ciper Chile|website=Ciper Chile|date=22 October 2019 |language=es|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024145329/https://ciperchile.cl/2019/10/22/manifestante-murio-en-la-posta-central-y-gobierno-no-lo-incluyo-en-la-lista-oficial-de-fallecidos/|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/balance-gobierno-reconoce-denuncia-de-hombre-muerto-a-golpes-por/2019-10-23/105054.html|title=Balance: Gobierno reconoce denuncia de hombre muerto a golpes por carabineros|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024191626/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/balance-gobierno-reconoce-denuncia-de-hombre-muerto-a-golpes-por/2019-10-23/105054.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• 22 October
• A man was killed after being shot in the head by a tenant who feared looting.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-murio-baleado-por-comerciante-en-puente-alto/2019-10-22/203402.html|title=Hombre murió baleado por comerciante en Puente Alto|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=es|access-date=24 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024023058/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/hombre-murio-baleado-por-comerciante-en-puente-alto/2019-10-22/203402.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• A driver rammed his car into protesters killing two people, including a 4 year old toddler, and wounding 17; this event increased the death toll to 17.{{Cite web |url=https://www.elpais.com.co/mundo/nino-de-4-anos-entre-las-victimas-fatales-de-protestas-en-chile-que-ya-dejan-18-muertos.html |title=Niño de 4 años, entre las víctimas fatales de protestas en Chile que ya dejan 18 muertos |date=23 October 2019 |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023185942/https://www.elpais.com.co/mundo/nino-de-4-anos-entre-las-victimas-fatales-de-protestas-en-chile-que-ya-dejan-18-muertos.html |archive-date=23 October 2019 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/23/un-atropello-multiple-durante-una-cacerolazo-en-pleno-toque-de-queda-dejo-dos-muertos-y-elevo-a-17-el-saldo-de-muertos-durante-las-protestas-en-chile/|title=Impactante video: un hombre embistió a una multitud con un auto, causó dos muertos y elevó a 17 el saldo de víctimas en Chile|last=Infobae|website=infobae.com|date=23 October 2019 |language=es|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023055444/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/23/un-atropello-multiple-durante-una-cacerolazo-en-pleno-toque-de-queda-dejo-dos-muertos-y-elevo-a-17-el-saldo-de-muertos-durante-las-protestas-en-chile/|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• 10 November 2019 – Reñaca shooting
• John Cobin opened fire on Chilean demonstrators in Reñaca, Chile, wounding Luis Jesús Ahumada Villegas, a 33-year old protester, in the leg.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=16 October 2020|title=Condenan por homicidio frustrado y otros delitos a autor de disparos en Reñaca durante manifestaciones|url=https://www.24horas.cl/regiones/valparaiso/condenan-por-homicidio-frustrado-y-otros-delitos-a-autor-de-disparos-en-renaca-durante-manifestaciones-4492388|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029191129/https://www.24horas.cl/regiones/valparaiso/condenan-por-homicidio-frustrado-y-otros-delitos-a-autor-de-disparos-en-renaca-durante-manifestaciones-4492388 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |access-date=7 January 2021|website=24 Horas|language=es}}{{Cite web|last=Mennickent|first=Camila|date=18 February 2021|title=Rebajan sentencia a John Cobin, estadounidense condenado por disparos en Reñaca|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-valparaiso/2021/02/18/rebajan-sentencia-a-john-cobin-estadounidense-condenado-por-disparos-en-renaca.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=17 June 2021|website=BioBioChile|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218120606/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-valparaiso/2021/02/18/rebajan-sentencia-a-john-cobin-estadounidense-condenado-por-disparos-en-renaca.shtml |archive-date=18 February 2021 }}
• 27 December
• Following the last protest march of the year, a demonstrator called Mauricio Fredes died after falling into a construction hole, whilst being pursued by police.{{cite news |last1=Spek |first1=Boris van der |title=Chile: Last March of 2019 Ends in Tragedy + PHOTOS |url=https://chiletoday.cl/site/chile-last-march-of-2019-ends-in-tragedy-photos/ |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Chile Today |date=30 December 2019 |language=EN-US}}
• 31 January
• A man who had been shot in the head at a protest outside a police station in Santiago died of his wounds in hospital.
• The body of a man thought to have died from carbon monoxide poisoning was recovered from a supermarket which had been looted and burnt.

{{further|Eye injuries in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests}}

According to the National Institute of Human Rights (INDH), the use of rubber pellets by security forces has left at least 964 injured, including 222 with eye problems.{{cite news |last1=Montes |first1=Rocío |title=La policía de Chile suspende el uso de perdigones tras herir a mil personas |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/20/america/1574270472_273528.html |access-date=29 November 2019 |agency=El País |date=21 November 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121200828/https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/20/america/1574270472_273528.html |archive-date=21 November 2019 |url-status=live }} According to the Chilean Ophthalmology Society, this is the highest number of injuries of this type registered during protests or in conflict zones in the world.{{cite news|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/record-mundial-de-lesiones-oculares-durante-protestas-en-chile/2019-11-06/124519.html|title=Récord mundial de lesiones oculares durante protestas en Chile|date=6 November 2019|access-date=29 November 2019|agency=Cooperativa|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214010230/https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/record-mundial-de-lesiones-oculares-durante-protestas-en-chile/2019-11-06/124519.html|archive-date=14 December 2019|url-status=live}} Bandaged eyes had become so common that they become a symbol for protesters.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/americas/chile-protests-eye-injuries.html|title=A Bullet to the Eye Is the Price of Protesting in Chile|last=McDonald|first=Brent|date=19 November 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=1 December 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129010015/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/19/world/americas/chile-protests-eye-injuries.html|archive-date=29 November 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chile-protest-police-deaths-eye-injury-bullets-tear-gas-a9211946.html|title=A bullet to the eye is the price of protesting in Chile|date=21 November 2019|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=1 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209080313/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/chile-protest-police-deaths-eye-injury-bullets-tear-gas-a9211946.html|archive-date=9 December 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bandaged-eyes-have-become-a-symbol-of-resistance-in-chile/|title=Bandaged Eyes Have Become a Symbol of Resistance in Chile|last=Guzman|first=Andrea|date=29 November 2019|website=Vice|language=en|access-date=1 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130230939/https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/vb5949/bandaged-eyes-have-become-a-symbol-of-resistance-in-chile|archive-date=30 November 2019|url-status=live}}

Human rights organisations have received several reports of violations conducted against protesters, including torture, sexual abuse and rape. Amnesty International's investigations "allege that state security forces, including both the police and army, deliberately use excessive force against protesters."[https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/22/world/amnesty-report-chile-protest-charner-intl/index.html Beaten and blinded, Chile's protesters face "policy of punishment," says Amnesty International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123003209/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/22/world/amnesty-report-chile-protest-charner-intl/index.html |date=23 November 2019 }}, CNN Amnesty International went on to state that "[the military and police] are using unnecessary and excessive force with the intention of injuring and punishing protesters."[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/11/chile-responsable-politica-deliberada-para-danar-manifestantes/ Chile: Deliberate policy to injure protesters points to responsibility of those in command] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123170533/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/11/chile-responsable-politica-deliberada-para-danar-manifestantes/ |date=23 November 2019 }}, Amnesty International According to Erika Guevara-Rosas, the America's director for the human rights group, "the intention of the Chilean security forces is clear: to injure demonstrators in order to discourage protest."[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50512093 Amnesty International: Chile using violence as a deterrent] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126101736/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50512093 |date=26 November 2019 }}, BBC News Human Rights Watch stated that "indiscriminate and improper use of riot guns and shotguns, abuse of detainees in custody, and poor internal accountability systems gave rise to serious violations of the rights of many Chileans".[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/hrw-calls-urgent-police-reform-chile-address-abuses-191126171207289.html HRW calls for urgent police reform in Chile to address abuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130063607/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/hrw-calls-urgent-police-reform-chile-address-abuses-191126171207289.html |date=30 November 2019 }} Al Jazeera

• On 18 October, during riots at the historical Estación Central station, a young woman was gravely injured in the legs by gunfire from Carabineros riot police. The woman was aided by nearby protesters and passers-by as she suffered extensive blood loss before being extracted by emergency services.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/18/video-muestra-a-joven-herida-durante-protestas-de-este-viernes-en-estacion-central/|title=Video muestra a joven herida durante jornada de protestas en Estación Central|website=Facebook|language=es|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019164006/https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/18/video-muestra-a-joven-herida-durante-protestas-de-este-viernes-en-estacion-central/|archive-date=19 October 2019|url-status=live}}
• On 19 October, a doctor assaulted by a police officer during a protest indicated that the police officer had signs of being under the influence of drugs.{{Cite web |url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/19/medico-golpeado-por-ff-ee-durante-protestas-carabinero-tenia-los-mismos-rasgos-de-pacientes-que-han-consumido-cocaina/ |title=Médico golpeado por FF.EE. durante protestas: "Carabinero tenía los mismos rasgos de pacientes que han consumido cocaína"(In Spanish) |access-date=21 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021125223/https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/10/19/medico-golpeado-por-ff-ee-durante-protestas-carabinero-tenia-los-mismos-rasgos-de-pacientes-que-han-consumido-cocaina/ |archive-date=21 October 2019 |url-status=live }}
• On 20 October, President Piñera extended the state of emergency in the north and south of the country and said "we are at war against a powerful enemy that doesn't respect anything or anyone".{{Cite web|url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964954/Pinera.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021142741/https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/10/20/964954/Pinera.html|url-status=dead|title=Presidente Piñera: "Estamos en guerra contra un enemigo poderoso que no respeta a nada ni a nadie" | Emol.com|first=El Mercurio|last=S.A.P|date=20 October 2019|archive-date=21 October 2019|website=Emol|access-date=19 May 2020}}
• On 8 November, the Pedro Valdivia University was set ablaze. Initial reports suggested this was due to the indiscriminate firing of tear gas canisters by Carabineros into the building. The Roman Catholic church Veronica de Lastarria near the main site of the demonstration at Baquedano Square (commonly referred to as Italia Square) has been looted and a statue of Jesus and furniture from the interior of the church were taken out on the street and burned down.[https://www.dw.com/en/chile-protesters-burn-university-loot-church/a-51177461 Chile: Protesters burn university, loot church. In: DW.com, 9. 11. 2019. Access date: 13 November 2019.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113132643/https://www.dw.com/en/chile-protesters-burn-university-loot-church/a-51177461 |date=13 November 2019 }}
• On 27 December, in the night, the Cine Arte Alameda, an arts center, was burnt down. An investigation by the Criminal Investigation Brigade (Brigada de Investigación Criminal) is reported to have concluded that no explanation for the fire could be ruled out.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldesconcierto.cl/2019/12/31/pdi-afirma-que-no-se-puede-descartar-ninguna-tesis-por-incendio-de-cine-arte-alameda1/|title=PDI afirma que no se puede descartar ninguna tesis por incendio de cine Arte Alameda|website=El Desconcierto|access-date=19 May 2020}}

• On 18 January The tomb of folksinger Víctor Jara was vandalised.
• On 20 January, at a protest following the death of Jorge Mora, a group of Carabineros beat up a young man called Matías Soto. The entire attack was recorded by a security camera. The INDH announced it would sue the Carabineros for torture.
• On 7 February, the Violeta Parra Museum was arson attacked. The chief of the Santiago Fire Department said the causes were not yet established.{{cite news |title=Incendio afectó al Museo Violeta Parra: Dejó daños "prácticamente totales" en el auditorio |url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/policial/incendios/incendio-afecto-al-museo-violeta-parra-dejo-danos-practicamente/2020-02-07/212322.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Cooperativa.cl |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200209230433/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/policial/incendios/incendio-afecto-al-museo-violeta-parra-dejo-danos-practicamente/2020-02-07/212322.html |archive-date=9 February 2020 |url-status=live }}
• On 28 February, the Violeta Parra Museum was again arson attacked, with eyewitnesses recording that Carabineros shot at least 6 tear gas canisters into the building. Officially, the cause was not ascertained.{{cite news |title=Investigan nuevo incendio en Museo Violeta Parra en el centro de Santiago |url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/investigan-nuevo-incendio-en-museo-violeta-parra-en-el-centro-de-santiago/2020-02-28/200138.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=Cooperativa.cl |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229164812/https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/investigan-nuevo-incendio-en-museo-violeta-parra-en-el-centro-de-santiago/2020-02-28/200138.html |archive-date=29 February 2020 |url-status=live }}
• By August 20, 2020, newspaper La Tercera reported that only 0.9 of the legal complaints originating from the protests had so far resulted in convictions.{{Cite news |title=Lapidario balance de las causas del estallido social |url=https://www.latercera.com/la-tercera-pm/noticia/lapidario-balance-de-las-causas-del-estallido-social-solo-09-de-las-querellas-presentadas-tiene-formalizados/RBITODBBXJFGZDYHFM7HA3RFQQ/ |date=2020-08-20 |access-date=2022-10-21 |work=La Tercera |language=Spanish}}
• On 18 October, a year after the start of the social outbreak, a series of demonstrations took place in which some 25,000 people gathered in various cities of the country. Although the majority were peaceful, within the framework of the Chile national plebiscite of 2020's campaign, there were isolated clashes with police, 580 people being detained, and two severe fires were registered in the Church of San Francisco de Borja and in the Parroquia de la Asunción, two Catholic churches of Santiago.{{cite news |title=Masivas protestas en Chile por el primer aniversario del estallido social terminan con incidentes aislados y la quema de dos iglesias |url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-54594783 |work=BBC News Mundo |access-date=19 October 2020 |date=18 October 2020}}{{cite web |url=http://noticialdia.com/2020/10/casi-600-detenidos-en-chile-durante-jornada-de-conmemoracion-de-protestas/ |title=Casi 600 detenidos en Chile durante jornada de conmemoración de protestas |access-date=20 October 2020 |date=19 October 2020 |website=noticia al dia }}

• On 5 February, street artist Francisco Martínez dies after being shot by a police official during an identity check in Panguipulli, Los Ríos Region. His death generated a wave of protests, riots and vandalism, resulting later that night in the burning of the building that housed various public offices, including Panguipulli's town hall.{{Cite web|title=Protests erupt in Chile after police fatally shoot street juggler|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/6/chile-protests-erupt-police-shooting-of-street-juggler|access-date=20 March 2021|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}
• On 12 March, the four tons statue of General Baquedano was removed from the Plaza Baquedano to be restored by the "National Council of Monuments", after continuous acts of vandalism by protesters. Attempts to burn and tear down the statue were made on 5 and 8 March respectively, ultimately prompting the authorities to take the decision.{{Cite web|last=Tercera|first=La|date=12 March 2021|title=Estatua del general Baquedano es trasladada luego de dos horas y media de trabajos|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/comienzan-los-trabajos-para-retirar-la-estatua-del-general-baquedano/WVQIQE4NI5G6TG2AE5HSOMM3UU/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=La Tercera}}
• On 30 May the headquarters of the right-wing parties National Renewal and Independent Democratic Union were attacked and the Memorial to Jaime Guzmán was vandalized with graffiti.{{Cite news |title=La sede de la UDI y el memorial de Jaime Guzmán fueron vandalizados por manifestantes |url=https://edition.cnn.com/pais/sede-udi-memorial-jaime-guzman-vandalizados_20210530/ |date=2021-06-02 |access-date=2022-05-01 |work=CNN Chile |language=Spanish }}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
• On 30 July, new Friday afternoon protests demanding the liberation of the "prisoners of the revolt" ended up with riots and vandalism at Barrio Lastarria, where many pubs and restaurants were heavily damaged by a mob.{{Cite web|last=Cooperativa.cl|title=Nueva jornada de manifestaciones terminó con vandalismo en el Barrio Lastarria|url=https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/nueva-jornada-de-manifestaciones-termino-con-vandalismo-en-el-barrio/2021-07-31/011913.html|access-date=12 September 2021|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=Spanish}}{{Cite web|date=31 July 2021|title=Barrio Lastarria resulta vandalizado tras protestas de la noche de este viernes en Baquedano|url=http://www.lanacion.cl/barrio-lastarria-resulta-vandalizado-tras-protestas-de-la-noche-de-este-viernes-en-baquedano/|access-date=12 September 2021|website=La Nación|language=es-CL}}
• On 10 October during a demonstration supporting the indigenous rights in Santiago, Denisse Cortés was killed by a firework explosion in front of the Catholic University of Chile. She was a 43-year-old law student and human rights activist. The situation is under investigation.{{Cite web|last=Cárdenas|first=Leonardo|date=12 October 2021|title=Quién era Denisse Cortés: la estudiante de Derecho que murió cerca de Plaza Baquedano|url=https://www.latercera.com/la-tercera-pm/noticia/quien-es-denisse-cortes-la-estudiante-de-derecho-que-murio-cerca-de-plaza-baquedano/MYSU2ILWBNBFTC55GVKFKM7F4U/|access-date=17 October 2021|website=La Tercera}}{{Cite web|date=11 October 2021|title=Conmoción causa muerte de activista de DDHH en protesta por derechos indígenas|url=https://interferencia.cl/articulos/conmocion-causa-muerte-de-activista-de-ddhh-en-protesta-por-derechos-indigenas|access-date=17 October 2021|website=Interferencia|language=es}}
• On 18 October, the second anniversary, around ten thousand people gathered in the surroundings of Plaza Baquedano. Subsequently, fainting and vandalism were recorded that caused the destruction of the protective barrier at the base of the statue of General Baquedano and the fire of it. Supermarkets and fast food outlets were looted and the stairs leading to the Santa Lucía hill were set on fire.{{Cite web|last1=Silva|first1=Daniela|last2=Navarrete|first2=José|last3=Pablo|first3=Pedro Astaburuaga y Juan|last4=rews|date=2021-10-19|title=Saqueos, incendios y barricadas se registraron durante jornada de manifestaciones por aniversario del 18-O|url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/a-dos-anos-del-estallido-social-se-registran-barricadas-y-manifestaciones-en-distintas-partes-del-pais/RPK6DMH3RNAF3IINQDDXH6XGCI/|access-date=2021-12-18|website=La Tercera}}
• On Friday April 1, 2022, one public transport bus was torched and one person was rammed by a police vehicle.{{Cite news |title=Una persona atropellada por carabineros y un bus quemado tras manifestación en Plaza Baquedano |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/dia/2022/04/02/una-persona-atropellada-por-carabineros-y-un-bus-quemado-tras-manifestacion-en-plaza-baquedano/ |date=2022-04-02 |access-date=2022-05-01 |work=El Mostrador |language=Spanish}}
• On April 30, 2022, a former candidate for the Constitutional Convention was detained by police while providing protesters tires for building barricades.{{Cite news |title=Detienen a excandidata a la Convención Constituyente por facilitar neumáticos para barricadas en Plaza Baquedano |url=https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/detienen-a-excandidata-a-la-convencion-constituyente-por-facilitar-neumaticos-para-barricadas-en-plaza-baquedano/TE2PXLTD6FE43BURVAKDHTDTRY/ |last=Gómez S. |first=Rodrigo |date=2022-04-30 |access-date=2022-05-02 |work=La Tercera |language=Spanish}}
• On 18 October 2022, protests were arranged in Santiago, Concepción, Valparaíso, Antofagasta, Temuco and Valdivia.{{Cite news |title=18/O: saqueos, incidentes, ataques a carabineros y detenidos en principales ciudades del país |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2022/10/18/manifestaciones-e-incidentes-por-tercer-aniversario-del-18-o-en-ciudades-del-pais.shtml |last=Salgado |first=Daniela |date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2022-10-21 |work=Radio Bío-Bío |language=Spanish}}{{Cite news |title=Barricadas en Santiago y regiones marcan inicio del tercer aniversario del estallido social |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/chile/2022/10/18/barricadas-en-santiago-y-regiones-marcan-inicio-del-tercer-aniversario-del-estallido-social.shtml |last=Lara |first=Emilio |date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2022-10-21 |work=Radio Bío-Bío |language=Spanish}} In Valparaíso secondady students marched along university students and social organizations. The group marched towards the National Congress of Chile. Towards the end of the march some protesters engaged the police. In Santiago and Antofagasta protesters erected barricades. Outside University of La Frontera in Temuco there were clashes between about 15 hooded protesters and police.

In late November 2019, security forces announced the suspension of the use of rubber pellets as a crowd control method in the protests.

Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International both expressed concern over the government's response to the protests, citing "excessive use of force" by the Chilean Police, as well as "possible arbitrary detentions of demonstrators".{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/23/chile-protests-economic-inequality-reforms/|title=Why Chileans Are Still Protesting Despite Reform Promises|last=Gramer|first=Elizabeth Miles, Robbie|website=Foreign Policy|date=23 October 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=29 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030143444/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/23/chile-protests-economic-inequality-reforms/|archive-date=30 October 2019|url-status=live}}

In New Zealand's largest city Auckland, hundreds of protesters staged a solidarity march on 27 October 2019.{{cite news |title=Hundreds march down Queen Street in Auckland against growing inequality in Chile |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/hundreds-march-down-queen-street-in-auckland-against-growing-inequality-chile |access-date=28 October 2019 |work=1News |date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052512/https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/hundreds-march-down-queen-street-in-auckland-against-growing-inequality-chile |archive-date=28 October 2019 |url-status=live }}

Polish party Lewica Razem issued official statement strongly supporting protests.{{Cite web|url=http://partiarazem.pl/2019/12/13175/|title=Chile despertó! Poparcie dla protestów w Chile|date=9 December 2019|website=Partia Razem – Inna polityka jest możliwa!|language=pl-PL|access-date=9 December 2019}}

image:Expo Quillota 20200129 11.jpg performing the "Primera Línea" at the Festival de Viña 2020, where he was harshly criticized by right-wing politicians for "praising and idealizing" violence.]]

Some costume-clad protesters have emerged as "superheroes" from among the many demonstrations and protests throughout the country. They have gained significant attention on social media by being captured with particular attitudes or outfits. After going viral, they were colloquially called the "Chilean Avengers", in reference to the superheroes of Marvel Comics. Among them stands out: "Baila Pikachu", "Stupid and sensual Spiderman", "Pareman", the "Dinosaur", "Nalcaman", the "Granny", the "Selknam", "Robin Hood", "Yutakiller" and the dog "Negro Matapacos". On 22 November 2019, some of them held a meeting recreating a scene from the movie The Avengers in Plaza Baquedano, organized by the production company Nano.{{Cite web|last=Cooperativa.cl|title=[Video] Los "Avengers chilenos" se reunieron en la "Plaza de la Dignidad"|url=https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/manifestaciones/los-avengers-chilenos-se-reunieron-en-la-plaza-de-la-dignidad/2019-11-22/203042.html|access-date=19 March 2021|website=Cooperativa.cl|language=Spanish}}{{Cite web|date=25 November 2019|title=Escena de "Avengers" es recreada por personajes de manifestaciones chilenas|url=https://www.concierto.cl/2019/11/escena-de-avengers-es-recreada-por-personajes-de-manifestaciones-chilenas/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=Radio Concierto|language=es}}{{Cite web|last=Fernanda Arros|date=22 November 2019|title=Los "Avengers chilenos" recrean famosa escena del MCU en el nuevo video de Nano|url=https://www.latercera.com/mouse/avengers-chilenos-escena-marvel-video/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=La Tercera}}{{Cite web|last=Fernanda Arros|date=6 November 2019|title="Avengers chilenos": Las figuras de las manifestaciones agrupadas por Twitter|url=https://www.latercera.com/mouse/avengers-chilenos-twitter-manifestaciones/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=La Tercera}}

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{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-state-emergency-declared-santiago-191019051808789.html|title=Chile protests: State of emergency declared in Santiago |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020062524/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-state-emergency-declared-santiago-191019051808789.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}

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Category:2010s in Santiago, Chile

Category:2019 in Chile

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Category:Riots and civil disorder in Chile