2020 Summer Paralympics#Medals
{{Short description|Multi-parasport event in Tokyo, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Olympic games|2020|Summer|Paralympics|
| image = 2020 Summer Paralympics logo new.svg
| image_size = 150
| host_city = Tokyo, Japan
| motto = United by Emotion{{efn|Only an English version motto is used during the Games. The Japanese equivalent of the motto was not adopted.{{Cite web |url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/united-by-emotion-to-be-the-tokyo-2020-games-motto |title='United by Emotion' to be the Tokyo 2020 Games Motto |publisher=Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games |website=Tokyo2020.org}}}}
| nations = 162 (including the RPT and RPC teams){{efn|Originally, each Russian athlete participated as an individual qualification, so such a special note corresponding to the nation is not an appropriate description.{{cite magazine |title=What is the ROC? Why Russia Can't Compete At the Tokyo Olympics |url=https://time.com/6084195/what-is-roc-olympics/|access-date=2021-09-07 |magazine=TIME |date=2021-07-26|quote=under the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) rules, they're prohibited from displays of national representation in any form.}}}}
| events = 539 in 22 sports
| opening = 24 August 2021
| closing = 5 September 2021
| opened_by = Naruhito
{{small|Emperor of Japan}}
| closed_by = Andrew Parsons
{{small|President of the International Paralympic Committee}}
| cauldron = Yui Kamiji
Karin Morisaki
Shunsuke Uchida
| stadium = Japan National Stadium{{Efn|Named "Olympic Stadium" during the games.}}
| summer_prev = Rio 2016
| summer_next = Paris 2024
| winter_prev = Pyeongchang 2018
| winter_next = Beijing 2022
}}
{{2020 Summer Paralympics}}
The {{Nihongo|2020 Summer Paralympics|東京2020パラリンピック競技大会|Tōkyō Nizeronizero Pararinpikku Kyōgi Taikai|lead=yes}}, branded as the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, were an international multi-sport parasports event held from 24 August to 5 September 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. They were the 16th Summer Paralympic Games as organized by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
Originally scheduled to take place from 25 August to 6 September 2020, both the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were postponed by a year in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the rescheduled Games still referred to as Tokyo 2020 for marketing and branding purposes. As with the Olympics, the Games were largely held behind closed doors with no outside spectators due to a state of emergency in the Greater Tokyo Area and other prefectures. The Games were the second Summer Paralympics hosted by Tokyo since 1964, and the third Paralympics held in Japan overall since the 1998 Winter Paralympics in Nagano. Due to the postponement of the Paralympics because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was also the first (and only) Paralympic Games to be held in an odd-numbered year and the first Summer Paralympics to be held in a non-leap year.
The Games featured 539 medal events in 22 sports, with badminton and taekwondo both making their Paralympic debut to replace football 7-a-side and sailing. China topped the medal table for the fifth consecutive Paralympics, with 96 golds and 207 total medals. Great Britain finished second for the ninth time, with 41 golds and 124 total medals. The United States finished third, with 37 golds, their best finish since the 2008 games, and 104 total medals. The Russian Paralympic Committee finished fourth, with a total of 36 golds and 118 total medals, putting them in third place when ranked by total medals.
Bids
{{Main|Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}
The host of the 2020 Summer Olympics would also host the 2020 Summer Paralympics, according to a 2001 agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee. At the 125th IOC Session, Tokyo was awarded the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics via a tie-breaker in the second round of voting.
Preparations
= Transport =
Ahead of the 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony, Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike advocated for the city to improve its accessibility as a legacy project for the Games. She cited narrow roadways with no sidewalks, buildings constructed with narrow doorways, and low ceilings, as challenges that needed to be overcome. In particular, she called for a transition to underground power lines to facilitate the widening of roads.{{cite web|title=2016 Rio Paralympics: 2020 host Tokyo to undergo major overhauls to provide better disability access|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/olympics-2016/2016-rio-paralympics-2020-host-tokyo-to-undergo-major-overhauls-to-provide-better-disability-access/news-story/f4d145f934f98798ff17bc0fa70f0e01|website=adelaidenow.com.au|access-date=19 September 2016 |last=Walsh |first=Scott |date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025152324/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/olympics-2016/2016-rio-paralympics-2020-host-tokyo-to-undergo-major-overhauls-to-provide-better-disability-access/news-story/f4d145f934f98798ff17bc0fa70f0e01 |archive-date=25 October 2016 |url-status=unfit}}{{cite web|title=Marukawa says Tokyo must solve traffic issue before 2020 Games|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/08/12/olympics/summer-olympics/marukawa-says-tokyo-must-solve-traffic-issue-2020-games/#.V9-DYkwrK70|last=Nagatsuka |first=Kaz |date=12 August 2016|website=The Japan Times|access-date=19 September 2016}}{{cite web|title=Paralympics could help remake Tokyo's narrow roads, doorways|url=https://www.japantoday.com/category/sports/view/paralympics-could-help-remake-tokyos-narrow-roads-doorways|last=Wade |first=Stephen |date=18 September 2016|website=Japan Today|access-date=19 September 2016}}
A number of Toyota e-Palette self-driving vehicles had been adapted to provide transport to athletes in the Paralympic Games village. On 27 August, however, the use of the vehicles was suspended after one collided with an athlete{{cite web| url = https://www.cbc.ca/sports/paralympics/toyota-halts-self-driving-vehicles-use-after-olympic-village-accident-1.6157569| title = Toyota halts use of self-driving vehicle at Paralympic village after collision with visually impaired athlete| website = CBC Sports}} before all vehicles were re-used 3 days later.{{Cite web|title=Toyota Kembali Operasikan Mobil Otonom e-Palette di Paralimpiade Tokyo|website=Otomotif Tempo.co|date=30 August 2021 |language=Indonesian|url=https://otomotif.tempo.co/read/1500484/toyota-kembali-operasikan-mobil-otonom-e-palette-di-paralimpiade-tokyo |last1=Priyanto |first1=Wawan }}{{Cite web|last=Wishnumurti|first=Rayhansyah Haikal|date=2021-08-31|title=Lanjutkan Lagi e-Palette, Ini Solusi Toyota Pasca Insiden Tabrak Atlet|url=https://www.gridoto.com/read/222864968/lanjutkan-lagi-e-palette-ini-solusi-toyota-pasca-insiden-tabrak-atlet|access-date=2021-09-02|website=GridOto.com|language=id}}
=Volunteers=
In September 2018, applications to be volunteers at the Olympic and Paralympic Games were released. By January 2019 186,101 applications had been received. Interviews to whittle the numbers down began in February 2019 and training taking place in October 2019.{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-180000-apply-be-volunteers|title=Tokyo 2020: 180,000 apply to be volunteers|date=9 January 2019 |website=paralympic.org}} The volunteers at the venues were known as "Field Cast" and the volunteers in the city were known as "City Cast". These names were chosen from a shortlist of four out of an original 149 pairs of names. The other shortlisted names were "Shining Blue and Shining Blue Tokyo", "Games Anchor and City Anchor" and "Games Force and City Force". The names were chosen by the people who had applied to be volunteers at the games.{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/volunteer-names-unveiled-for-tokyo-2020 |title=Volunteer names unveiled for Tokyo 2020 |date=30 January 2019 |website=olympic.org}}
= Medals =
The designs of the medals for the 2020 Summer Paralympics were unveiled on 25 August 2019;{{Cite web|title=Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Medals - Photos & Medal Design|url=https://www.paralympic.org/tokyo-2020/medals|access-date=15 August 2021|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}} as with the Olympic medals, they are constructed using recycled metals that were obtained through an electronics recycling programme.{{cite news|last=Hitti|first=Natashah|date=25 July 2019|title=Olympic committee unveils 2020 medals made from recycled smartphones|work=Dezeen|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2019/07/25/2020-olympic-medals-recycled-smartphones-design/|url-status=live|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726145600/https://www.dezeen.com/2019/07/25/2020-olympic-medals-recycled-smartphones-design/|archive-date=26 July 2019}} The medals feature a design inspired by traditional folding hand fans to symbolise the shared experience of the Paralympics; alternating sectors containing textured areas visually and tactually depict flowers, leaves, rocks, water and wood to symbolise the geology of Japan. The pivot where the fan meets is stated to symbolise the unity of Paralympic athletes. The obverse of the medal contains an untextured version of the fan pattern, the Paralympic emblem, and inscriptions in braille. To aid those with visual impairments, the edges and ribbons of the medals contain one, two, or three circular indentations and silicone convex dots for gold, silver, and bronze medals respectively so that they can be easily identified by touch.{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/tokyo-2020/medals |title=Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Medals |publisher=IPC |website=paralympic.org |access-date=1 July 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/paralympics/games/paralympics-medals-design/ |title=Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games medal design |work=Tokyo 2020 |access-date=2 July 2020}}
Medals used in the games
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Bronze medal
| Silver medal | Gold medal |
= Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic =
{{Main|2020 Summer Olympics#Biosecurity protocols|COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics}}
The 2020 Summer Olympics were largely held behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and a state of emergency in Tokyo issued by Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, though events in some regions could be held with up to 10,000 spectators or 50% capacity (whichever is smaller) if they were not subject to a state of emergency. The declaration was originally in effect from 12 July through 22 August 2021 (two days before the Paralympic opening ceremony); on 2 August, citing worsening rates of infection, Suga announced that the existing state of emergency would be extended through 31 August, and expanded to several other prefectures (including three that neighbour Tokyo).{{Cite web|last=NEWS|first=KYODO|title=Japan expands COVID state of emergency to Osaka, 3 areas near Tokyo|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/08/79b8fa967393-japan-expands-covid-state-of-emergency-to-3-areas-near-tokyo-osaka.html|access-date=10 August 2021|website=Kyodo News+}}
New daily cases in Tokyo reached over 4,000 by 11 August 2021; it was anticipated that no public spectators would be admitted during the Paralympics in Tokyo and other affected regions, as with the Olympics. Organizers discussed other options for some form of spectator presence, such as inviting local school students to attend events (a program which was also employed during the Olympics, and largely scaled back due to the pandemic).{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=Tokyo Paralympics likely to be held with no spectators|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/08/12/national/paralympics-no-spectators/|access-date=15 August 2021|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}{{cite news|date=13 August 2021|title=Paralympic organizers mull banning spectators|work=NHK World|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210813_29/|access-date=14 August 2021}}{{Cite web|title=Tokyo govt plans shuttle buses to take schoolchildren to Paralympics events|url=https://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0007675299|url-status=live|access-date=15 August 2021|website=The Japan News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815054114/https://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0007675299 |archive-date=15 August 2021 }} It was later confirmed that there would be no public spectators at venues in the Tokyo, Chiba, and Saitama prefectures.{{cite news|title=Paralympics to be held without spectators|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/58228049|access-date=16 August 2021}} On 19 August, the state of emergency was extended through 12 September 2021, and expanded to include Shizuoka.{{cite news|date=19 August 2021|title=Japan expands coronavirus state of emergency|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210820_01/|access-date=21 August 2021|newspaper=NHK World}}
On 20 August 2021, Tokyo Organizing Committee delivery officer Hidemasa Nakamura stated that the biosecurity protocols for the Paralympics had been expanded upon those from the Olympics due to the increased vulnerability to COVID-19 among its athletes, but that Tokyo was facing deteriorating hospital capacity, and that "It's a fight against time so we need to make sure that sufficient communication is taken at a speedy manner."{{Cite web|date=20 August 2021|title=Tokyo 2020 Paralympics in "very difficult situation" due to hospital pressure|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111876/tokyo-2020-paralympics-difficult-place|url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2021|website=Inside the Games|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820202033/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111876/tokyo-2020-paralympics-difficult-place |archive-date=20 August 2021 }} Paula Tesoriero of the New Zealand delegation stated that the Tokyo Organizing Committee and IPC had "worked tirelessly to create the safest and secure environment possible with a focus on continuing to stay vigilant".{{Cite web|date=19 August 2021|title=New Zealand's Paralympic team chief hails safety of Athletes' Village|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111778/new-zealand-paralympics-athletes-village|url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2021|website=www.insidethegames.biz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819014059/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111778/new-zealand-paralympics-athletes-village |archive-date=19 August 2021 }}
On 4 September, after four consecutive days without any new COVID-19 cases within the Paralympic bubble, the IPC commended the Tokyo Organizing Committee for their work in handling the pandemic, with a spokesperson stating that "the amount of work that has gone in behind the scenes to deliver what you have seen over the past three weeks has been phenomenal."{{Cite web|date=2021-09-04|title=IPC hails Tokyo 2020 organisers for delivering "historic" Games during pandemic|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112581/ipc-hails-tokyo-2020-organisers|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-05|website=Inside the Games|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904060134/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112581/ipc-hails-tokyo-2020-organisers |archive-date=4 September 2021 }}
=Torch relay=
{{main|2020 Summer Paralympics torch relay}}
The details of the torch relay route were announced on 21 November 2019. There was a Heritage Flame Celebration that was held in Stoke Mandeville, and flame lighting festivals that took place in 43 of Japan's 47 prefectures between 13 and 17 August 2020. In the second phase of the relay, another 4 rituals were performed in the 3 other prefectures that were jointly hosting the events with Tokyo between 18 and 20 August throughout the three prefectures that co-hosted Paralympic events during the run-up to the Paralympic Opening Ceremony and the last day the Tokyo Prefecture torch was lit. The flames from each of the flame lighting festivals hosted in each prefecture were brought together in Tokyo. On the night of August 21, at the front of the Akasaka Palace all the 48 flames were unified and the third and last phase of the relay began and lasted 4 days. This rote was the same used for the last legs of the 2020 Summer Olympics torch relay.{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-torch-relay-concept-revealed|date=21 December 2018|title=Tokyo 2020: Torch Relay concept revealed|website=paralympic.org}}{{cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/torch/paralympic/ |title=Tokyo 2020 Unveils Paralympic Torch Relay Concept : "Share Your Light" |work=Tokyo 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322103623/https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/torch/paralympic/ |archive-date=22 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/special/torch/paralympic/schedule/|title=Route of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Torch Relay|date=22 November 2019|work=Tokyo 2020}}
Aluminium was taken from temporary housing in Fukushima to make the torches for the Olympic and Paralympic flames. More than 10,000 pieces of aluminium were used and organizers contacted local authorities to see which houses were no longer being used.{{cite news|last=Gillen|first=Nancy|date=4 January 2019|title=Recycled aluminium from temporary housing in Fukushima to be used for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Torches|website=insidethegames.biz|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1073856/recycled-aluminium-from-temporary-housing-in-fukushima-to-be-used-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-torches}}
The Games
= Sports =
The 2020 Summer Paralympics featured 539 events in 22 sports. Badminton and taekwondo made their Paralympic debut in Tokyo, while classifications were added or realigned in other sports; canoe, shooting, table tennis, track cycling, and wheelchair fencing saw increases in the number of medal events held, while there were reductions in athletics and swimming.{{cite news|last=Diamond|first=James|date=26 June 2018|title=New medal event added to road cycling schedule for Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games|website=insidethegames.biz|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1066708/new-medal-event-added-to-road-cycling-schedule-for-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games|access-date=19 October 2018}}{{cite news|last=Etchells|first=Daniel|date=4 September 2017|title=Paralympic medal programme for Tokyo 2020 announced with athletics and swimming events reduced|website=insidethegames.biz|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1054977/paralympic-medal-programme-for-tokyo-2020-announced-with-athletics-and-swimming-events-reduced|access-date=19 October 2018}}
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2020 Summer Paralympic Sports Programme |
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== New sports ==
In January 2014, the IPC began accepting bids for new sports to be added to the Paralympic programme. Six sports were reported to have made bids, including amputee football, badminton, power hockey, powerchair football, and taekwondo. New disciplines were also proposed in existing events, including 3x3 basketball (in wheelchair and ID classifications), and visually impaired match racing and one-person multi-hull in sailing.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/disability-sport/25847054|title=Sports apply for 2020 Tokyo Paralympic inclusion|work=BBC Sport|date=22 January 2014|access-date=13 February 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/paralympics/summer-paralympics/2020/1017970-six-sports-and-three-disciplines-confirmed-as-bidding-for-tokyo-2020-paralympics-inclusion|title=Six sports and three disciplines confirmed as bidding for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics inclusion |last=Butler |first=Nick |work=insidethegames.biz|date=22 January 2014|access-date=13 February 2014}}
On 31 January 2015, the IPC officially announced that badminton and taekwondo had been added to the Paralympic programme for 2020. They replaced football 7-a-side and sailing, which were dropped due to an insufficient international reach.{{cite web|date=31 January 2015|title=IPC announces final Tokyo 2020 Paralympic sports program|url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-announces-final-tokyo-2020-paralympic-sports-programme|access-date=3 February 2015|website=paralympic.org}}
Participating National Paralympic Committees
File:2020 Summer Paralympics games countries.svg
File:2020 Summer Paralympics team numbers.svg
On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for a period of four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. On 26 April 2021, it was confirmed Russian athletes would represent the Russian Paralympic Committee, with the acronym 'RPC'.{{cite web|date=26 April 2021|title=IPC confirm details regarding RPC's Paralympic Games participation|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-confirm-details-regarding-rpc-s-paralympic-games-participation|access-date=20 May 2021|website=International Paralympic Committee}}
At least five countries withdrew from the Games due to COVID-19-related concerns, including North Korea (which declined to participate in either the Olympics or Paralympics),{{cite news|last1=Godder|first1=Dirk|last2=Takehiko|first2=Kambayashi|date=7 April 2021|title=North Korea won't take part in Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games|work=Deutsche Presse-Agentur|url=https://www.dpa-international.com/topic/north-korea-won-t-take-part-tokyo-olympic-paralympic-games-urn%3Anewsml%3Adpa.com%3A20090101%3A210406-99-104512|access-date=22 August 2021}} as well as Kiribati, Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu due to budgetary concerns tied to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Absent direct flights to Japan, the four countries' athletes would have had to travel to Tokyo via Australia and New Zealand as international borders to those countries for non-residents had been closed since March 2020, and would be subject to 14-day quarantine periods before their flight to Japan, and on their way back to their home countries.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 August 2021|title=Several Pacific Island nations withdraw from Paralympics over travel restrictions|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111900/several-pacific-island-nations-withdraw|url-status=live|archive-date=21 August 2021 |access-date=|website=insidethegames.biz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821080301/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111900/several-pacific-island-nations-withdraw }}
On 16 August 2021, Afghanistan (representing the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan) withdrew from the Games due to violence and instability in the country following the Taliban's capture of Kabul, which left their team of Zakia Khudadadi (taekwondo) and Hossain Rasouli (athletics) unable to travel to Tokyo. Their national flag was still paraded during the opening ceremony as a signal of solidarity.{{cite news|last=Mather|first=Victor|date=18 August 2021|title=Afghan Paralympic Athlete Pleads for Help to Leave the Country|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/18/sports/olympics/afghan-paralympic-athlete-video-khudadadi.html|access-date=22 August 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{cite news|date=16 August 2021|title='Heartbreaking': Afghan Paralympic athletes to miss Tokyo 2020|language=en|work=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/16/heartbreaking-afghan-paralympic-athletes-to-miss-tokyo-2020|access-date=17 August 2021}}{{cite news|date=17 August 2021|title=Afghanistan's first female Paralympian, now hiding from the Taliban, hasn't 'lost hope'|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-18/afghanistan-paralympian-zakia-khudadadi-taliban-kabul/100384112|access-date=18 August 2021}} However, after a "major global operation", the two athletes were successfully evacuated to France, where they trained at INSEP in Paris before arriving in a flight with the Paris 2024 delegation in Tokyo on 28 August.{{cite news|date=2021-08-31|title=Tokyo Paralympics: Afghanistan athlete Hossain Rasouli makes debut after evacuation|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/58394964|access-date=2021-09-05}}{{Cite web|date=2021-08-31|title=Afghan athlete evacuated from Kabul belatedly competes at Paralympics|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/aug/31/afghan-athlete-evacuated-from-kabul-belatedly-competes-at-paralympics|access-date=2021-09-05|website=the Guardian|language=en}} IPC president Andrew Parsons stated that the team would not be available to press conferences and were given special permission to skip interacting with other athletes at the village.{{Cite web|title=Afghan athletes arrive in Tokyo|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/afghan-athletes-arrive-tokyo|access-date=2021-08-28|website=International Paralympic Committee|language=en}} Rasouli missed the event where he was originally intended to compete, the men's 100m T47. After declining an offer to compete in the 400m event as an alternative, Rasouli accepted an extra spot in the men's long jump T47.
The following 162 teams qualified at least one athlete. Six of them, Bhutan, Grenada, Guyana, Maldives, Paraguay, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, made their debut appearances at the Paralympic Games. Two of them returned to the Games after not sending delegations in 2016: Barbados (that for the first time in its history it had not classified its athletes for the Games) along with Luxembourg (who had classified athletes for the last time in Beijing 2008).
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Participating National Paralympic Committee teams |
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= Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committee =
Ranking listed by number of athletes. {{as of|2021|08|24}}{{Cite web|title=Top moments from the Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/paralympics/news/top-moments-from-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games|website=Tokyo 2020 Paralympics |date=2021-08-25|access-date=2021-09-04|url-status=live |quote=Entering in order of the host nations language, some of the 4,403 athletes from 162 National Paralympic Committees, including the Paralympic Refugee Team, were welcomed into the stadium|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825135207/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/paralympics/news/top-moments-from-the-opening-ceremony-of-the-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games |archive-date=25 August 2021 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14425044|title=Paralympics open in empty stadium--just like Olympics|agency=The Asahi Shimbun|date=2021-08-25|access-date=2021-09-03|quote=The opening ceremony featured the national flags of the 162 delegations represented, which included the refugee team.}}
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width=250|NPC
! width=25|Athletes | |
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{{flagIPC|JPN|2020 Summer}} (host) | align=center|254 |
{{flagIPC|BRA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|234 |
{{flagIPC|CHN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|248 |
{{flagIPC|RPC|2020 Summer}} | align=center|242 |
{{flagIPC|USA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|235 |
{{flagIPC|GBR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|207 |
{{flagIPC|AUS|2020 Summer}} | align=center|174 |
{{flagIPC|FRA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|137 |
{{flagIPC|UKR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|137 |
{{flagIPC|GER|2020 Summer}} | align=center|134 |
{{flagIPC|ESP|2020 Summer}} | align=center|127 |
{{flagIPC|CAN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|126 |
{{flagIPC|ITA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|113 |
{{flagIPC|POL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|90 |
{{flagIPC|TUR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|87 |
{{flagIPC|KOR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|86 |
{{flagIPC|NED|2020 Summer}} | align=center|70 |
{{flagIPC|THA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|74 |
{{flagIPC|COL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|61 |
{{flagIPC|IRI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|62 |
{{flagIPC|MEX|2020 Summer}} | align=center|60 |
{{flagIPC|ALG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|57 |
{{flagIPC|ARG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|54 |
{{flagIPC|IND|2020 Summer}} | align=center|54 |
{{flagIPC|EGY|2020 Summer}} | align=center|49 |
{{flagIPC|GRE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|44 |
{{flagIPC|UZB|2020 Summer}} | align=center|47 |
{{flagIPC|HUN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|37 |
{{flagIPC|MAR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|35 |
{{flagIPC|AZE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|36 |
{{flagIPC|BEL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|31 |
{{flagIPC|POR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|33 |
{{flagIPC|RSA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|34 |
{{flagIPC|ISR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|32 |
{{flagIPC|NZL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|29 |
{{flagIPC|IRL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|27 |
{{flagIPC|CZE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|28 |
{{flagIPC|SWE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|26 |
{{flagIPC|SVK|2020 Summer}} | align=center|27 |
{{flagIPC|VEN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|26 |
{{flagIPC|KAZ|2020 Summer}} | align=center|26 |
{{flagIPC|AUT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|24 |
{{flagIPC|DEN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|25 |
{{flagIPC|TUN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|25 |
{{flagIPC|HKG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|24 |
{{flagIPC|INA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|23 |
{{flagIPC|CRO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|22 |
{{flagIPC|MAS|2020 Summer}} | align=center|21 |
{{flagIPC|NGR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|22 |
{{flagIPC|SUI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|21 |
{{flagIPC|SRB|2020 Summer}} | align=center|20 |
{{flagIPC|BLR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|19 |
{{flagIPC|CHI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|19 |
{{flagIPC|CUB|2020 Summer}} | align=center|16 |
{{flagIPC|FIN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|17 |
{{flagIPC|IRQ|2020 Summer}} | align=center|19 |
{{flagIPC|BIH|2020 Summer}} | align=center|16 |
{{flagIPC|NOR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|15 |
{{flagIPC|GEO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|13 |
{{flagIPC|RWA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|14 |
{{flagIPC|UAE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|12 |
{{flagIPC|LTU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|11 |
{{flagIPC|PER|2020 Summer}} | align=center|11 |
{{flagIPC|SGP|2020 Summer}} | align=center|10 |
{{flagIPC|TPE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|10 |
{{flagIPC|JOR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|10 |
{{flagIPC|CRC|2020 Summer}} | align=center|9 |
{{flagIPC|KEN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|9 |
{{flagIPC|ROU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|9 |
{{flagIPC|SRI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|9 |
{{flagIPC|ECU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|8 |
{{flagIPC|LAT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|7 |
{{flagIPC|KSA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|7 |
{{flagIPC|SLO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|7 |
{{flagIPC|VIE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|7 |
{{flagIPC|ISL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|6 |
{{flagIPC|MDA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|6 |
{{flagIPC|PHI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|6 |
{{flagIPC|RPT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|6 |
{{flagIPC|DOM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|5 |
{{flagIPC|EST|2020 Summer}} | align=center|5 |
{{flagIPC|MNE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|5 |
{{flagIPC|BUL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|4 |
{{flagIPC|JAM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|4 |
{{flagIPC|MRI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|4 |
{{flagIPC|MGL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|4 |
{{flagIPC|UGA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|4 |
{{flagIPC|BHU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|CMR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|CYP|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|ESA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|ETH|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|GHA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|CIV|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|KUW|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|NAM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|OMA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|PAN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|PUR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|SEN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|SOL|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|SYR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|3 |
{{flagIPC|AFG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|ANG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|BRN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|BEN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|BOT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|BUR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|BDI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|CPV|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|FIJ|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|GAB|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|GAM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|GRN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|GUA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|GBS|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|KGZ|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|LBR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|LBA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|MDV|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|MLI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|MLT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|MOZ|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|NCA|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|NIG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|PAK|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|PAR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|PLE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|PNG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|QAT|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|CGO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|SLE|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|TAN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|URU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|YEM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|ZIM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|2 |
{{flagIPC|ARM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|ARU|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|BAR|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|BER|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|CAM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|CAF|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|FRO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|GUI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|GUY|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|HAI|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|HON|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|LAO|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|LBN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|LES|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|LUX|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|MAD|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|MAW|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|NEP|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|MKD|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|VIN|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|STP|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|SOM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|TJK|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|TOG|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|ISV|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
{{flagIPC|ZAM|2020 Summer}} | align=center|1 |
class="sortbottom"
|colspan=1; style="text-align:right; border:0px; background:#fff;"| Total | style="text-align:center; border:0px; background:#fff;"| 4,399 |
{{col-end}}
Test events
There were test events before the Olympic and Paralympic Games;{{Cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/sport/testevents/|title=Tokyo 2020 Test Events|date=3 January 2019|work=Tokyo 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-test-event-schedule-announced|title=Tokyo 2020: Test event schedule announced|date=2 October 2018|website=paralympic.org}} these were contested from June 2019 to June 2020 before the start of the 2020 Summer Olympics. The selected Paralympic sports were athletics (2–3 May 2020), goalball (28–29 September 2019), paratriathlon (15–18 August 2019), powerlifting (26–27 September 2019), swimming (16 April 2020) and wheelchair rugby (12–15 March 2020). It was announced in February 2019 that test events would be under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo". 22 of the 56 events would be organised by the Tokyo organising committee and the rest by national and international organisations. World Sailing's World Cup Series, held at Enoshima, was the first test event, while the last the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet in May 2020.{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-unveils-its-olympic-test-event-schedule |title=Tokyo 2020 Unveils Its Olympic Test Event Schedule |date=30 January 2019 |website=olympic.org}}
All test events scheduled after 12 March 2020 were postponed due to COVID-19.
Medal summary
{{see also|2020 Summer Paralympics medal table}}{{:2020 Summer Paralympics medal table}}
= Podium sweeps =
There were five podium sweeps, as follows:
class="wikitable sortable"
|+ !Date !Sport !Event !Team !Gold !Silver !Bronze !Ref |
27 August
|{{flagIPC|CHN|2020 Summer}} |
28 August
|{{flagIPC|CHN|2020 Summer}} |
30 August
|{{flagIPC|CHN|2020 Summer}} |
1 September
|{{flagIPC|CHN|2020 Summer}} |
4 September
|{{flagIPC|ITA|2020 Summer}} |
Calendar
{{see also|Chronological summary of the 2020 Summer Paralympics}}
{{2020 Summer Paralympics calendar}}
Venues
The venues for the Paralympic games as detailed on the Tokyo 2020 official website:{{cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.jp/en/games/venue/paralympic/|title=Paralympic venues|work=Tokyo 2020|access-date=31 August 2016|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203135611/https://tokyo2020.jp/en/games/venue/paralympic/|url-status=dead}}
File:Rainbow Bridge,Tokyo Bay from Odaiba.jpg, where a number of events were held]]
File:Nippon Budokan 2010.jpg, host of the Judo event]]
=Heritage Zone=
- Japan National Stadium (Olympic Stadium) – Athletics, Opening and closing ceremonies
- Nippon Budokan – Judo
- Tokyo Equestrian Park – Equestrian
- Tokyo International Forum – Powerlifting
- Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium – Table tennis
- Yoyogi National Stadium – Badminton, Wheelchair rugbyBadminton originally to be held at Youth Plaza Arena; venue moved in June 2015. {{cite news|title=東京五輪、26競技の会場決定 自転車・サッカー除き|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLSSXK10834_Y5A600C1000000/|access-date=9 June 2015|work=Nihon Keizai Shimbun|date=9 June 2015}}
- Musashino Forest Sport Plaza – Wheelchair basketball (secondary venue)
=Tokyo Bay Zone=
- Aomi Urban Sports Venue – Football 5-a-side
- Ariake Arena – Wheelchair basketball (main venue)
- Ariake Tennis Park – Wheelchair tennis
- Dream Island Archery Park – Archery
- Makuhari Messe – Goalball, Sitting volleyball, Taekwondo, Wheelchair fencing
- Odaiba Marine Park – Paratriathlon
- Tokyo Aquatics Centre – Swimming
- Ariake Gymnastics Centre – Boccia
- Sea Forest Waterway – Rowing, Paracanoe
=Venues outside 10 km area=
=Non-competition venues=
- Harumi Futo – Paralympic Village
- Tokyo Big Sight Conference Tower – International Media and Broadcast Centre
Marketing
=Logo=
The emblems of the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled on 25 April 2016. The Paralympic emblem features a hand fan in a circle form, filled with an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design is meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".{{cite web |title=Checkered pattern by artist Tokolo chosen as logo for 2020 Tokyo Olympics |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/25/national/checkered-pattern-chosen-as-official-logo-for-2020-tokyo-olympic-games/ |last=McKirdy |first=Andrew |website=The Japan Times |date=25 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425123829/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/25/national/checkered-pattern-chosen-as-official-logo-for-2020-tokyo-olympic-games/ |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live }} The designs replaced a previous emblem which had been scrapped due to allegations that it plagiarized the logo of the Théâtre de Liège in Belgium.{{cite news|title=Tokyo Olympic Games logo embroiled in plagiarism row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jul/30/tokyo-olympics-logo-plagiarism-row|access-date=1 August 2015|work=The Guardian|date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803111947/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jul/30/tokyo-olympics-logo-plagiarism-row|archive-date=3 August 2015|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Tokyo Olympics emblem said to look similar to Belgian theater logo|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/07/30/national/tokyo-olympics-emblem-said-look-similar-belgian-theater-logo/|publisher=The Japan Times|date=30 July 2015|access-date=30 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731054232/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/07/30/national/tokyo-olympics-emblem-said-look-similar-belgian-theater-logo/|archive-date=31 July 2015|url-status=live}}
=Mascot=
{{main|Miraitowa and Someity}}
The shortlist of mascots for the Tokyo Games was unveiled on 7 December 2017 and the winning entry was announced on 28 February 2018. Candidate pair A, created by Ryo Taniguchi, received the most votes (109,041) and was declared the winner, defeating Kana Yano's pair B (61,423 votes) and Sanae Akimoto's pair C (35,291 votes). Someity is a figure with pink chequered patterns inspired by the Games' official logo, as well as cherry blossom flowers. It is calm but powerful, nature-loving, and it can speak to wind. Both Miraitowa and Someity were named by the Organising Committee on 22 July 2018.{{cite press release |title=10th Meeting of the Mascot Selection Panel |url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/notice/20180528-01.html |access-date=30 May 2018 |work=Tokyo 2020 |date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618080245/https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/notice/20180528-01.html |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}
=Animated shorts=
{{main|Animation x Paralympic}}
Japanese public broadcaster NHK commissioned a series of anime shorts in conjunction with the Games, Animation x Paralympic: Who Is Your Hero? Each short featured a different Paralympic sport, and was produced in collaboration with well-known creators of anime and manga, sometimes featuring crossovers with popular series or with real-life athletes.{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/para-sport-meets-anime-nhk-create-new-series-ahead-tokyo-2020|title=Para sport meets anime as NHK create new series ahead of Tokyo 2020|website=Paralympic.org|date=31 January 2018|access-date=27 September 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/tv/nhk-to-air-paralympic-themed-anime-shorts-in-run-up-to-2020/|title=NHK to Air Paralympic-Themed Anime Shorts in Run-Up to 2020|first=Mercedes|last=Milligan|website=Animation Magazine|date=23 October 2017|access-date=27 September 2019}}
Broadcasting
The International Paralympic Committee anticipated that the 2020 Summer Paralympics would be seen by a global audience of at least 4.25 billion viewers, an increase over the estimated 4.1 billion of the 2016 Games.{{Cite web|date=20 August 2021|title=Tokyo 2020 Paralympics to break viewing records, says IPC|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111858/ipc-viewing-tokyo-2020-paralympics|url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2021|website=Inside the Games|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820123143/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111858/ipc-viewing-tokyo-2020-paralympics |archive-date=20 August 2021 }} Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) provided live broadcasts for 19 of the 22 sports, an increase from 16 in Rio.{{Cite web |last=McLean |first=Heather |title=Paris 2024: The IPC on making the Paralympic Games the best ever while changing culture and attitudes towards disability |url=https://www.svgeurope.org/blog/headlines/paris-2024-the-ipc-on-making-the-paralympic-games-the-best-ever-while-changing-culture-and-attitudes-towards-disability/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=SVG Europe |language=en}} Japanese broadcaster NHK aired coverage of selected events in 8K.{{Cite web|last=August 2021|first=Jenny Priestley 02|date=2 August 2021|title=Tokyo 2020 Opening Ceremony 'first mainstream 8K rip on pirate sites'|url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/tokyo-2020-opening-ceremony-first-mainstream-8k-rip-on-pirate-sites|access-date=16 August 2021|website=TVTechnology|language=en}}{{cite news|last=July 2021|first=Phil Kurz 21|date=21 July 2021|title=NHK To Broadcast 200 Hours Of Tokyo Olympics In 8K|url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/nhk-to-broadcast-200-hours-of-tokyo-olympics-in-8k|access-date=16 August 2021|website=TVTechnology|language=en}} In markets without and with a dedicated rightsholder, the IPC streamed the Games on its YouTube, Twitter and Facebook pages.{{Cite web|date=2021-09-02|title=Tokyo Paralympics: TVNZ removes 'geoblocking' waiver to allow Kiwis to see more events|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/paralympics/126267271/tokyo-paralympics-tvnz-removes-geoblocking-waiver-to-allow-kiwis-to-see-more-events|access-date=2021-09-17|website=Stuff|language=en}}
In the United Kingdom, these were third Summer Paralympics to be broadcast by Channel 4, which planned to air at least 300 hours of coverage on free-to-air TV (with More4 dedicated primarily to team events), 1,200 hours of coverage via streaming, as well as a highlights program and The Last Leg nightly. The broadcaster launched a trailer directed by Bradford Young entitled "Super. Human." in mid-July 2021, which aimed to focus on the "realities" of the lives of Paralympic athletes, and "the sacrifices they make in pursuit of greatness".{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/channel-4-launches-new-paralympics-advertising-campaign-ahead-of-tokyo-games-40653845.html|title=Channel 4 launches new Paralympics advertising campaign ahead of Tokyo games|website=independent|date=14 July 2021 }}{{Cite web|last=McLean|first=Heather|date=15 July 2021|title=Channel 4 launches Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games campaign with edgy film, Super. Human.|url=https://www.svgeurope.org/blog/headlines/channel-4-launches-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games-campaign-with-edgy-film-super-human/|url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2021|website=SVG Europe|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716111147/https://www.svgeurope.org/blog/headlines/channel-4-launches-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games-campaign-with-edgy-film-super-human/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 }}{{Cite web|title=Channel 4: Super. Human. by 4Creative|url=https://www.thedrum.com/creative-works/project/4creative-channel-4-super-human|access-date=20 August 2021|website=The Drum}}
In the United States, NBCUniversal aired 1,200 hours of coverage on Peacock, NBCSN, and Olympic Channel, while NBC broadcast five highlights programs over the course of the Games and afterward (with three airing in primetime), which "[showcased] the incredible backstories of the athletes and teams competing in Tokyo".{{Cite web|date=17 August 2021|title=NBC will present a record 1,200 hours of Paralympics coverage|url=https://awfulannouncing.com/olympics/nbc-will-present-a-record-1200-hours-of-paralympics-coverage.html|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Awful Announcing|language=en-US}}
Canadian media rights was once again led by the CBC, with 120 hours of television coverage, along with broadcasts by Sportsnet and AMI-tv.{{Cite web|date=20 August 2021|title=Canada to broadcast record number of hours of Paralympic coverage at Tokyo 2020|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111845/tokyo-2020-paralympics-canada|url-status=live|access-date=20 August 2021|website=insidethegames.biz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820055807/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111845/tokyo-2020-paralympics-canada |archive-date=20 August 2021 }}
In Australia, the Seven Network offered one free-to-air channel broadcast via either their Channel 7 or 7mate channels and up to 16 free streaming channels via the online 7plus service.{{Cite web|date=23 August 2021|title=Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020: When is the Paralympics Opening Ceremony and how to watch and stream it LIVE, online and free on 7plus and Channel 7|url=https://7news.com.au/sport/paralympics/paralympic-games-tokyo-2020-when-is-the-paralympics-opening-ceremony-and-how-to-watch-and-stream-it-live-online-and-free-on-7plus-and-channel-7-c-3754122|url-status=live|access-date=24 August 2021|website=7news.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824130244/https://7news.com.au/sport/paralympics/paralympic-games-tokyo-2020-when-is-the-paralympics-opening-ceremony-and-how-to-watch-and-stream-it-live-online-and-free-on-7plus-and-channel-7-c-3754122 |archive-date=24 August 2021 }}
In New Zealand, the Games were broadcast by TVNZ Duke. TVNZ faced criticism for the scale of its coverage, including a lack of streaming coverage, and the TVNZ broadcast and OBS world feed missing coverage of events involving local athletes. On 2 September, citing the criticism, TVNZ announced that it would waive the geoblocking for the IPC's official streams on YouTube.
In India, Eurosport India and Discovery+ debuted as a new local rightsholder, focusing on coverage of events involving Indian athletes.{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=Eurosport India gains broadcasting rights for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1111559/eurosport-india-tokyo-2020-paralympics|access-date=20 August 2021|website=insidethegames.biz}}
For the first time in Chile, the Paralympics were broadcast on TVN.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/especial/paralimpicos-tokio-2020/noticias/2021/08/20/comite-anuncio-que-tvn-transmitira-los-juegos-paralimpicos-de-tokio-2020.shtml|title=Comité anunció que TVN transmitirá los Juegos Paralímpicos de Tokio 2020|date=20 August 2021|website=biobiochile.cl|language=es}}
In Brazil, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games were broadcast on Grupo Globo platforms Sportv, Globoplay and for the first time some events was broadcast live on Rede Globo free-to-air channel at late nights and early mornings. The games were sublicensed to a public broadcasters consortium led by TV Brasil and TV Cultura.{{cite news |title=De forma discreta, junto a Rede Globo, TV Brasil anuncia transmissões dos Jogos Paralímpicos no sinal aberto |url=https://www.terra.com.br/esportes/jogos-olimpicos/jogos-paralimpicos/junto-a-globo-tv-brasil-anuncia-transmissoes-dos-jogos-paralimpicos-no-sinal-aberto,8840246979ca8e365d19475335d171eeuznc2c41.html |access-date=24 August 2021 |work=Terra |date=21 August 2021 |language=pt-BR}}{{cite news |title=SporTV vai ter cobertura especial das Paralimpíadas com 100 horas ao vivo |url=https://ge.globo.com/paralimpiadas/noticia/sportv-vai-ter-cobertura-especial-das-paralimpiadas-com-100-horas-ao-vivo.ghtml |access-date=24 August 2021 |work=GE |date=20 August 2021 |language=pt-br}}
In Malaysia, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games were broadcast on Astro Arena HD channel 801.{{cite news|title=Catch the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games in action on Astro|url=https://www.thevibes.com/articles/sports/39391/catch-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games-in-action-on-astro|website=The Vibes|date=24 August 2021|access-date=28 August 2021}}
In Singapore, selected live events were telecast on Mediacorp Channel 5 while the rest of the coverage was streamed on meWATCH. Selected highlights also appeared on the Mediacorp Entertainment YouTube channel.{{cite web|title=Mediacorp to broadcast Tokyo Paralympics|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/mediacorp-tokyo-paralympic-games-live-broadcast-team-singapore-2125621|website=CNA|date=20 August 2021|access-date=29 August 2021}}
In the Philippines, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games were broadcast on cable channel TAP Sports and was streamed online on TAP Go.{{cite news|title=How to catch Tokyo Paralympics action via livestream, cable TV|url=https://www.spin.ph/life/guide/where-to-watch-the-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games-in-the-philippines-a795-20210825|website=Sports Interactive Network Philippines|date=August 25, 2021|last=Terrado|first=Reuben}}
Concerns and controversies
= Student attendees and COVID-19 =
Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike pressed ahead for students to be allowed to attend the Paralympics with the Paralympic organizing committee in Tokyo arguing "it's important to have students view athletes with disabilities" for their education on disability. This has been remarked on due to their being a state of emergency in Tokyo concerning the illness.[https://japantoday.com/category/sports/Thousands-of-school-children-to-be-allowed-to-attend-Paralympics Japan Today] Chiba Prefecture later dropped from the program due to two teachers being found to have COVID-19 infections.{{cite web |title=Japan finds COVID-19 infections in teachers who took students to Paralympics |date=30 August 2021 |website=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903052412/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/japan-finds-covid-19-infections-teachers-who-took-students-paralympics-2021-08-30/ |archive-date=3 September 2021 |url-status=live |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/japan-finds-covid-19-infections-teachers-who-took-students-paralympics-2021-08-30/}}
= Assault by a member of the Georgian team =
The reigning judo paralympic champion from Georgia, Zviad Gogotchuri, was arrested after assaulting a security guard at a Tokyo hotel on 16 August 2021.[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210817/p2g/00m/0sp/001000c Paralympian from Georgia arrested over assault at Tokyo hotel]. Mainichi. 16 August 2021 The visually impaired judoka from Georgia was later ejected from the games.[https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/08/12a855ebb718-georgian-judoka-ejected-from-paralympics-after-assault-arrest.html Kyodo News]
= Men's judo 81 kg =
Japan's Aramitsu Kitazono was scheduled to compete in the round of 16 events of the men's 81 kg category. However, he was forced to withdraw at the last minute, two days before his scheduled event after sustaining injuries to his head and legs during an incident that happened on 26 August 2021 at the Paralympics Village.{{Cite web|title=Athlete hit by self-driving car is out of Games {{!}} NHK WORLD-JAPAN News|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20210828_11/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=NHK WORLD|language=en}} It was revealed Aramitsu was hit by a Toyota e-Palette driverless vehicle, which was under manual control by an operator, when he was walking on the pedestrian crossing.{{Cite web|date=28 August 2021|title=Japanese judoka hit by a self-driving vehicle inside Paralympic Village|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112233/japanese-judoka-hit-self-driving-vehicle|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-01|website=www.insidethegames.biz|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828070237/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112233/japanese-judoka-hit-self-driving-vehicle |archive-date=28 August 2021 }} His opponent Dmytro Solovey of Ukraine automatically qualified to the quarterfinals as a result of Aramitsu's late withdrawal.
= Men's shot put (F20) final =
Malaysian shot putter (F20 class), Muhammad Ziyad Zolkefli, arrived three minutes late for the event but was cleared to compete.{{cite web |title=Tokyo 2020: Anger after Paralympian is stripped of gold medal for being late|publisher=BBC|date=2 September 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-58405211|access-date=2 September 2021}} In this event on 31 August 2021, he originally won the gold medal in the men's shot put F20 event, thus defending his title in Rio 2016 and breaking a new world record. However, after the event had finished, his gold was stripped after a protest from the Ukrainian delegation, citing that Ziyad came late to the call room. Other than Ziyad, Australian Todd Hodgets and Ecuadorian Jordi Villalba were also disqualified from the event for 'Failure to Report to the Call Room'.{{cite web |title=World Para Athletics Statement|publisher=World Para Athletics|date=1 September 2021|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/world-para-athletics-statement-men-s-shot-put-f20-final-tokyo-2020|access-date=2 September 2021}}{{cite web|title=Merdeka Day heartbreak for Ziyad|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/08/31/ziyad-wins-gold-shatters-national-shot-put-record/|website=freemalaysiatoday.com|publisher=Free Malaysia Today|date=31 August 2021|access-date=31 August 2021|archive-date=31 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831114541/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2021/08/31/ziyad-wins-gold-shatters-national-shot-put-record/|url-status=dead}}
Later, Malaysian Youth and Sports Minister, Ahmad Faizal Azumu issued a statement via his Twitter account, stating that the National Paralympic Committees of Malaysia, Australia, and Ecuador has made a joint-counter protest to opposing the protest made by the Ukrainian delegation.
However, the appeal from three NPC's has been rejected, and Ukrainian Maksym Koval remains as the gold medal winner.{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/world-para-athletics-statement-men-s-shot-put-f20-final-tokyo-2020|title=World Para Athletics statement: Men's shot put F20 final at Tokyo 2020|website=International Paralympics Committee|access-date=1 September 2021|date=1 September 2021}}
After the events, some social media accounts from Ukraine were spammed by hateful comments from Malaysians, including Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky's Instagram account. Koval's Instagram account was also hacked by Malaysian cyber troopers due to the result.{{Cite web|date=2021-09-01|title=M'sian Hackers attacked Ukrainian Athlete's Instagram after Ziyad being stripped of Gold Medal|url=https://www.malaysiatrend.com/msian-hackers-attacked-ukrainian-athletes-instagram-after-ziyad-being-stripped-of-gold-medal/|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Malaysia Trend|language=en-US|archive-date=1 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901141114/https://www.malaysiatrend.com/msian-hackers-attacked-ukrainian-athletes-instagram-after-ziyad-being-stripped-of-gold-medal/|url-status=dead}} This action caused the official Facebook account of the Ukrainian Embassy in Malaysia to be deactivated, and the Embassy's official Twitter account set to private.{{citation needed|date=August 2024}}
= Other incidents =
Forty officers from {{Interlanguage link|Yamanashi Prefectural Police|ja|山梨県警察}}, who were tasked to support local police at venues and to control traffic during the Games, were removed from duty by Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) and sent home following numerous incidents. This included visiting brothels, drinking in their dormitories (which is against regulations) and in bars surrounding Kinshichō Station, Sumida, which then descended into drunken brawls with civilian bystanders. That latter incident led the TMPD to intervene, which led to the officers being caught.{{Cite web|date=2021-09-01|title=Policemen at Paralympics sent home for booze, brawl and brothel visit|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/lifestyle-culture/article/3147153/tokyo-paralympics-40-policemen-sent-home-disgrace-over|access-date=2021-09-01|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.paralympic.org/tokyo-2020 Tokyo 2020 on the International Paralympic Committee website]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20210901012233/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/paralympics/ Tokyo 2020 Official Homepage]
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{{succession box
| title = Summer Paralympics
Tokyo
| before = Rio de Janeiro
| after = Paris
| years = XVI Paralympic Summer Games (2020)
}}
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{{Paralympic Games}}
{{EventsAt2020SummerParalympics}}
{{NPCsin2020SummerParalympics}}
Category:2021 in disability sport
Category:Multi-sport events in Japan
Category:Summer Paralympic Games by year