Ada Wong

{{Short description|Character in Resident Evil}}

{{Featured article}}

{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}

{{Use American English|date=August 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}

{{Infobox character

| name = Ada Wong

| image = Ada in Resident Evil 4.png

| image_upright = 0.75

| caption = Ada Wong in Resident Evil 4 (2005)

| alt = A woman wearing a red dress, a choker and high heels, and carrying a gun.

| firstgame = Resident Evil 2 (1998)

| creator = Hideki Kamiya
Noboru Sugimura
Kazunori Kadoi

| designer = Isao Ohishi
Ryoji Shimogama

| lbl1 = Voiced by

| data1 = {{Collapsible list|title=English|Sally Cahill (Resident Evil 2 and 4, The Darkside Chronicles, Retribution)
Megan Hollingshead (The Umbrella Chronicles)
Courtenay Taylor (Operation Raccoon City, Resident Evil 6, Damnation, Teppen){{cite video game|title=Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City |developer=Capcom |date= March 22, 2012|platform=PlayStation 3|scene=Closing credits}}
Shannon Chan-Kent (Puzzle Fighter)
Jolene Andersen (Resident Evil 2 remake)
Vicky Psarakis (Dead by Daylight)
Lily Gao (Resident Evil 4 remake)
Sam Slade (State of Survival)}}{{Collapsible list|title=Japanese|Yūko Mizutani (Resident Evil 2 drama cd)
Junko Minagawa (Operation Raccoon City, Resident Evil 6, Project X Zone 2, Damnation, Teppen, remakes of Resident Evil 2 and 4){{cite web |url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Resident-Evil/Ada-Wong/|title=Ada Wong Voice (Resident Evil)|website=Behind The Voice Actors |access-date=January 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250125074953/https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/characters/Resident-Evil/Ada-Wong/ |archive-date=January 25, 2025 |url-status=live}}

}}

| lbl2 = Motion capture

| data2 = {{collapsible list|title=Various|hlist=true|Michelle Lee (Resident Evil 6)
Jolene Andersen (Resident Evil: Damnation, Resident Evil 2 remake){{cite web |url=http://www.biohazardcg2.com/about/cast.html|title=キャスト|バイオハザード ダムネーション|trans-title=Cast|Resident Evil Damnation|website=Biohazardcg2.com|language=ja|access-date=2025-01-20|archive-date=2013-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504080224/http://www.biohazardcg2.com/about/cast.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite magazine|url=https://www.famitsu.com/news/201510/09090256.html?page=3|title=『Project X Zone 2:Brave New World』役者は揃った! 芭月涼、イングリッドら新参戦キャラ&強敵、NPCが一挙公開(3/3)|trans-title=Project X Zone 2:Brave New World The actors are ready! Ryo Hazuki, Ingrid and other new characters, strong enemies, and NPCs revealed at once (3/3)|magazine=Famitsu|language=ja|date=2015-10-09|access-date=2025-01-20|archive-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522051814/https://www.famitsu.com/news/201510/09090256.html?page=3|url-status=live}}
Lily Gao (Resident Evil 4 remake)}}

| nationality = Chinese-American

| lbl3 = Portrayed by

| data3 = Li Bingbing (Retribution)
Lily Gao (Welcome to Raccoon City)

}}

{{Nihongo foot|Ada Wong|エイダ・ウォン|Eida Won|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}} is a character in Resident Evil (Biohazard in Japan), a survival horror video game series created by the Japanese company Capcom. Ada was first mentioned in the original Resident Evil (1996), before being introduced as a supporting character and antiheroine in Resident Evil 2 (1998). The character was initially conceived as a researcher named Linda for the prototype of the second game, but her name was changed to Ada and she was rewritten as a spy and mercenary for the final build to connect its story to that of the original. Over the course of the series, Ada is often hired to steal biological weapons for various organizations, although she betrays her employers on numerous occasions to save protagonist Leon S. Kennedy from dire situations.

Ada is featured in several Resident Evil games, novelizations, and films, and has also appeared in other game franchises such as Project X Zone, Teppen, and Dead by Daylight. Several actresses have portrayed the character. Sally Cahill, Courtenay Taylor, Jolene Andersen, and Lily Gao, among others, have provided Ada's voice for her video game and animated appearances, while Li Bingbing and Gao have played her in the live-action Resident Evil films.

Critics have positively responded to Ada as a character, highlighting her intelligence and resourcefulness as her key personality traits. Several journalists have praised Ada's portrayal as a femme fatale, and cited her as an example of a female character who is as competent and skilled as her male counterparts. Due to Ada's Asian ethnicity, however, concerns that the character perpetuates the Orientalist trope of the "Dragon Lady" have also been raised. Ada's outfits—particularly her red dress from Resident Evil 4 (2005)—have been brought up in discussions pertaining to the male gaze and criticized for being overtly sexualized. Gao's performance as Ada in the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4 received unfavorable reviews.

Appearances

=In the ''Resident Evil'' series=

Ada Wong is the pseudonym of a Chinese-American spy and mercenary who recurs as an antiheroine in Capcom's survival horror video game series Resident Evil.{{cite web|title=Resident Evil: Who is Ada Wong?|url=https://www.thegamer.com/resident-evil-ada-wong-lore-explainer/|access-date=May 28, 2024|first=PJ|last=Molloy|date=December 8, 2023|website=TheGamer|url-status=live|archive-date=May 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507211019/https://www.thegamer.com/resident-evil-ada-wong-lore-explainer/}} Her real name and background before working in espionage remain unknown. Introduced as a supporting character in Resident Evil 2 (1998),{{harvnb|Bacon|2024|page=16}} Ada is hired by an unnamed organization to steal the G-virus mutagen developed by the Umbrella Corporation, a pharmaceutical company responsible for a zombie outbreak in the fictional American metropolitan area of Raccoon City.{{cite news |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/resident-evil-story-synopsis-plot-summary-lore-explained |title=Resident Evil: the Story so Far |work=IGN |date=2021-06-23 |accessdate=2023-02-11 |archive-date=2020-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907140658/https://www.ign.com/articles/resident-evil-story-synopsis-plot-summary-lore-explained |url-status=live }} Ada meets and allies with rookie police officer Leon S. Kennedy to access Umbrella's underground biological warfare laboratory, where she is outed as a mercenary by scientist Annette Birkin.{{cite web|url=https://www.vg247.com/resident-evil-2-spoilers-faq-all-your-questions-answered|title=Resident Evil 2 Spoilers FAQ: All Your Questions Answered|last=Kim|first=Matt|work=VG247|date=January 30, 2019|access-date=August 7, 2024|archive-date=May 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521210840/https://www.vg247.com/resident-evil-2-spoilers-faq-all-your-questions-answered|url-status=live}} Despite being severely wounded, Ada helps Leon destroy the T-103 Tyrant and escapes from Raccoon City before its destruction by a nuclear strike as part of a U.S. government cover-up.{{cite web|url=http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/29110/resident-evil-the-story-so-far |title=Resident Evil: the Story so Far |author=Miller, Zachary |work=Nintendo World Report |date=January 29, 2012 |access-date=April 18, 2018 |archive-date=February 27, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170227062532/http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/29110/resident-evil-the-story-so-far}}

Ada returns in Resident Evil 4 (2005). She is sent to a rural Spanish village by Albert Wesker to retrieve a sample of the mind-controlling "Las Plagas" parasite from the Los Iluminados cult. During her mission, Ada encounters Leon as he attempts to rescue the U.S. president's daughter, Ashley Graham, who has been abducted by the cult.{{cite news |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/resident-evil-4-ending-explained/ |last=Colantonio |first=Giovanni |title=Resident Evil 4 Ending Explained: what the Remake Changes |work=Digital Trends |date=March 27, 2023 |accessdate=July 10, 2024 |archive-date=July 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722105320/https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/resident-evil-4-ending-explained/ |url-status=live }} After helping Leon kill the cult's leader, Osmund Saddler, Ada steals the sample from Leon and makes her escape in a helicopter. Later ports of Resident Evil 4, beginning with the PlayStation 2 version, include a new scenario featuring Ada as the playable character. Entitled "Separate Ways", it depicts the events of the main game from her perspective and highlights her relationship with Leon.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/18/resident-evil-4-premium-edition?page=4|last=Mirabella III|first=Fran|title=Resident Evil 4: Premium Edition|website=IGN|date=November 17, 2005|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-date=April 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404031203/https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/18/resident-evil-4-premium-edition?page=4|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/resident-evil-4-separate-ways-fresh-footage-shows-ada-in-action|title=Resident Evil 4: Separate Ways Fresh Footage Shows Ada in Action|first=Aoife|last=Wilson|website=Eurogamer|date=September 18, 2023|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-date=October 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002134211/https://www.eurogamer.net/resident-evil-4-separate-ways-fresh-footage-shows-ada-in-action|url-status=live}}

In Resident Evil 6 (2012), Ada investigates National Security Advisor Derek C. Simmons, a former associate who is obsessed with her, and discovers that Simmons has transformed his assistant Carla Radames into her doppelgänger.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/07/13/every-important-plot-point-i-know-about-resident-evil-6.aspx|author=Tim Turi|title=Every Known Plot Point About Resident Evil 6|magazine=Game Informer|date=July 13, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2024|archive-date=April 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420125435/https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2012/07/13/every-important-plot-point-i-know-about-resident-evil-6.aspx|url-status=live}} After killing Carla and helping Leon defeat Simmons, Ada destroys the lab where her clone was created and accepts a new assignment.{{harvnb|Jennings|2018|page=247}}

=Other appearances=

{{Further|Resident Evil (film series)|l1=Resident Evil (film series)}}

Ada features in several Resident Evil films. She appears in the adult animated film Resident Evil: Damnation (2012), in which she poses as a Bioterrorism Security Assessment Alliance agent to infiltrate the Eastern Slav Republic and obtain a sample of the "Las Plagas" parasite used in the country's civil war.{{cite web|url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/resident-evil-damnation-is-the-best-resident-evil-movie/|title=Resident Evil: Damnation is the Best Resident Evil Movie|website=The Escapist|last=McMullen|first=Chris|date=February 28, 2021|access-date=May 31, 2024|archive-date=March 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313090929/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/resident-evil-damnation-is-the-best-resident-evil-movie/|url-status=live}} Ada made her live-action debut in Resident Evil: Retribution (2012), the fifth installment in director Paul W. S. Anderson's Resident Evil film series, as a former agent of Umbrella who teams up with Alice, an original protagonist created specifically for the films, to escape from an underwater Umbrella facility.{{cite web|date=September 2, 2012|access-date=May 23, 2022|first=Brad|last=Miska|title=Alice & Ada Wong Battle two Axemen in Third Resident Evil: Retribution Clip|url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3189695/alice-ada-wong-battle-two-axemen-in-third-resident-evil-retribution-clip/|website=Bloody Disgusting|archive-date=May 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523111729/https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3189695/alice-ada-wong-battle-two-axemen-in-third-resident-evil-retribution-clip/|url-status=live}} Ada also appears in the mid-credits scene of the live-action reboot film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City (2021). She was originally intended to have a larger role, but director Johannes Roberts believed that there were too many characters in the film.{{cite web|title=Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City Ending and Post Credits Scene Explained with Director Johannes Roberts|url=https://sea.ign.com/resident-evil-welcome-to-raccoon-city/179289/feature/resident-evil-welcome-to-raccoon-city-ending-and-post-credits-scene-explained-with-director-johannes|date=July 4, 2012|access-date=November 24, 2021|first=Taylor|last=Lyles|website=IGN|archive-date=November 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126054829/https://sea.ign.com/resident-evil-welcome-to-raccoon-city/179289/feature/resident-evil-welcome-to-raccoon-city-ending-and-post-credits-scene-explained-with-director-johannes|url-status=live}}

Ada is a playable character in several non-canonical Resident Evil games.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-12-16-resident-evil-operation-raccoon-city-adds-heroes-mode|title=Resident Evil Operation Raccoon City Adds Heroes Mode|website=Eurogamer|first=Wesley|last=Yin-Poole|date=December 16, 2011|access-date=December 18, 2020|archive-date=May 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507033934/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2011-12-16-resident-evil-operation-raccoon-city-adds-heroes-mode|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Resident Evil Re:Verse Revealed as RE Village{{'}}s Multiplayer Component|url=https://www.polygon.com/platform/amp/2021/1/21/22242994/resident-evil-reverse-village-multiplayer-capcom|date=January 21, 2021|access-date=May 23, 2022|first=Michael|last=McWhertor|website=Polygon|archive-date=May 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521033656/https://www.polygon.com/platform/amp/2021/1/21/22242994/resident-evil-reverse-village-multiplayer-capcom|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vg247.com/ada-wong-to-appear-in-resident-evil-the-darkside-chronicles|title=Ada Wong to appear in Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles|website=VG247|first=Stephany|last=Nunneley-Jackson|date=April 22, 2009|access-date=April 16, 2025|archive-date=January 21, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121173938/https://www.vg247.com/ada-wong-to-appear-in-resident-evil-the-darkside-chronicles|url-status=live}} She features in the on-rails light-gun shooter game Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles (2009), the "Heroes Mode" of the third-person shooter game Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City (2012), and the online multiplayer game Resident Evil Re:Verse (2022). She is a playable character in the asymmetric multiplayer game Dead by Daylight (2016),{{cite news|last=Mercante|first=Alyssa|url=https://www.gamesradar.com/dead-by-daylight-resident-evil-crossover-confirmed/|title=Dead by Daylight Gets Second Resident Evil Crossover, Adding Ada Wong and Albert Wesker|website=GamesRadar+|date=August 3, 2022|access-date=October 8, 2022|archive-date=August 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815190341/https://www.gamesradar.com/dead-by-daylight-resident-evil-crossover-confirmed/|url-status=live}} the competitive puzzle game Puzzle Fighter (2017),{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/capcom-cans-puzzle-fighter-as-vancouver-studio-focuses-on-next-dead-rising|work=Eurogamer|title=Capcom Cans Puzzle Fighter as Vancouver Studio Focuses on Next Dead Rising|date=April 24, 2018|first=Wesley|last=Yin-Poole|access-date=July 4, 2024|archive-date=May 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521202451/https://www.eurogamer.net/capcom-cans-puzzle-fighter-as-vancouver-studio-focuses-on-next-dead-rising|url-status=live}} the digital collectible card game Teppen (2019),{{Cite web|url=https://www.pocketgamer.com/teppen/abolsute-zero-event/|work=Pocket Gamer|title=Teppen is Hosting the Absolute Zero Event to Follow-up on Sigma Invasion|date=December 8, 2023|first=Tanish|last=Botadkar|access-date=June 12, 2024|archive-date=December 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228132356/https://www.pocketgamer.com/teppen/abolsute-zero-event/|url-status=live}} and the mobile games Puzzles & Survival and State of Survival (both 2023).{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/videos/puzzles-survival-resident-evil-collaboration-trailer|website=IGN|title=Puzzles & Survival - Resident Evil Collaboration|date=March 30, 2023|access-date=April 1, 2023|archive-date=March 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331203546/https://www.ign.com/videos/puzzles-survival-resident-evil-collaboration-trailer|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/videos/state-of-survival-x-resident-evil-village-official-collaboration-trailer|title=State of Survival X Resident Evil Village - Official Collaboration Trailer|website=IGN|date=October 29, 2023|access-date=November 29, 2023|archive-date=November 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102214508/https://www.ign.com/videos/state-of-survival-x-resident-evil-village-official-collaboration-trailer|url-status=live}} She is an alternate skin in the fighting game Street Fighter V (2016){{Cite news|last=McWhertor|first=Michael|url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/11/20/18105376/street-fighter-5-resident-evil-costumes-cammy|title=Cammy Gets Pants in Street Fighter 5, Thanks to Resident Evil|work=Polygon|date=November 20, 2018|access-date=July 20, 2024|archive-date=June 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606232711/https://www.polygon.com/2018/11/20/18105376/street-fighter-5-resident-evil-costumes-cammy|url-status=live}} and adventure game Knives Out (2017).{{Cite web|first=Kazuma|last=Hashimoto|url=https://www.siliconera.com/knives-out-resident-evil-collaboration-to-feature-leon-s-kennedy/|title=Knives Out Resident Evil Collaboration to Feature Leon S. Kennedy|date=July 29, 2021|website=Siliconera|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807092915/https://www.siliconera.com/knives-out-resident-evil-collaboration-to-feature-leon-s-kennedy/|url-status=live}} She has a non-playable cameo in the browser-based hack and slash game Onimusha Soul (2013),{{cite news|url=https://www.siliconera.com/capcom-heroines-have-their-biggest-crossover-in-onimusha-soul/|title=Capcom Heroines Have Their Biggest Crossover In Onimusha Soul|website=Siliconera|date=March 24, 2013|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403022552/https://www.siliconera.com/capcom-heroines-have-their-biggest-crossover-in-onimusha-soul/|url-status=live}} and tactical role-playing game Project X Zone 2 (2015).{{Cite web|first=Sal|last=Romano|url=https://www.gematsu.com/2015/10/first-look-ingrid-ryo-estelle-more-project-x-zone-2|title=First Look at Ingrid, Ryo, Estelle, more in Project X Zone 2|date=October 7, 2015|website=Gematsu|access-date=May 14, 2023|archive-date=June 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605165202/https://www.gematsu.com/2015/10/first-look-ingrid-ryo-estelle-more-project-x-zone-2|url-status=live}}

Ada features in novelizations of the films and games.{{harvnb|Shirley|2012}}{{Cite web|last=Craddock|first=David|url=https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/writing-pictures-an-interview-with-s-d-perry-part-1-of-2|website=Game Developer|title=Writing Pictures: An Interview with S. D. Perry – Part 1 of 2|date=October 28, 2015|access-date=April 1, 2023|archive-date=July 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731052536/https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/writing-pictures-an-interview-with-s-d-perry-part-1-of-2|url-status=live}} Capcom screenwriters created a series of Resident Evil 2 radio dramas, including one titled Ikiteita Onna Spy Ada (The Female Spy Ada Lives). The dramas were broadcast on Radio Osaka in 1999, with Suleputer later releasing the collection on two CDs as Biohazard 2 Drama Album.{{cite AV media notes |title=Biohazard 2 Drama Album: Ikiteita Onna Spy Ada |trans-title=Biohazard 2 Drama Album: Living Woman Spy Ada|year=1999 |language=ja |publisher=Suleputer |id=CPCA-1025}} Set after the events of Resident Evil 2, they follow Ada's mission to retrieve Sherry Birkin's pendant with the G-virus sample from Umbrella enforcer HUNK. Comic books based on the game series have also been released, and Ada appears in Resident Evil: The Official Comic Magazine.{{cite comic |title=Resident Evil: The Official Comic Book Magazine |writer=Ted Adams and Kris Oprisko |artist=Carlos D'Anda, Ryan Odagawa and Lee Bermejo |issue=2 |date=June 1998 |publisher=WildStorm |id={{isbn|1887279954}} }} She features in Bandai's Resident Evil Deck Building Card Game (2011) and Steamforged Games' Resident Evil 2: The Board Game (2017).{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916200445/http://www.bandaicg.com/residentevil/ |title=Resident Evil [Deck Building Game] |url=http://www.bandaicg.com/residentevil/ |website=Bandai Card Games |accessdate=2023-05-14 |archivedate=2011-09-16}}{{Cite web|first=Wesley |last=Yin-Poole|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/official-resident-evil-2-board-game-looks-awesome|title=Official Resident Evil 2 board game looks awesome|date=September 26, 2017|website=Eurogamer|access-date=March 6, 2025|archive-date=November 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241101191700/https://www.eurogamer.net/official-resident-evil-2-board-game-looks-awesome|url-status=live}} Other merchandise featuring Ada include action figures, figurines, statues, plushies, and t-shirts.Sources for Ada Wong-related action merchandise:

  • {{cite news|url=https://kotaku.com/hot-toys-ada-wong-is-lovely-but-can-she-pull-off-that-1488891455|author=Mike Fahey|title=Hot Toys' Ada Wong is Lovely, but Can She Pull Off that Dress?|website=Kotaku|date=December 23, 2013|accessdate=April 28, 2024|archive-date=May 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508061141/https://kotaku.com/hot-toys-ada-wong-is-lovely-but-can-she-pull-off-that-1488891455|ref=none|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite news|last=McMullen|first=Chris|title=Top 10 Resident Evil Figures to Check Out in 2024|url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/best-resident-evil-figures/|work=The Escapist|date=June 14, 2024|access-date=August 4, 2024|archive-date=August 4, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240804140539/https://www.escapistmagazine.com/best-resident-evil-figures/|ref=none|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.siliconera.com/pre-orders-for-360-ada-wong-figure-open/|title=Pre-Orders for $360 Ada Wong Figure Open|first=Josh|last=Tolentino|date=November 27, 2022|website=Siliconera|access-date=May 3, 2023|archive-date=May 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503001526/https://www.siliconera.com/pre-orders-for-360-ada-wong-figure-open/|ref=none|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.siliconera.com/new-resident-evil-4-and-street-fighter-6-apparel-appear-on-amazon/|title=New Resident Evil 4 and Street Fighter 6 Apparel Appear on Amazon|first=Kite|last=Stenbuck|date=February 16, 2024|website=Siliconera|access-date=April 18, 2024|archive-date=March 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143908/https://www.siliconera.com/new-resident-evil-4-and-street-fighter-6-apparel-appear-on-amazon/|ref=none|url-status=live}}

Concept and design

File:Early concept art of Ada.jpg of Resident Evil 2, which depicted her as an Umbrella researcher (left) before she was reinterpreted as a spy (right)]]

Ada was initially conceived as Linda, an Umbrella researcher tasked with retrieving the G-virus, for an early prototype of Resident Evil 2.{{cite web|title=Resident Evil 1.5: Everything You Need to Know About the Game Resident Evil 2 Could Have Been |last=Faulkner |first=Jason |work=GameRevolution |date=December 12, 2018 |url=https://www.gamerevolution.com/originals/364269-resident-evil-1-5-everything-need-know-game-resident-evil-2 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230825132429/https://www.gamerevolution.com/originals/364269-resident-evil-1-5-everything-need-know-game-resident-evil-2 |archivedate=August 25, 2023 |access-date=August 20, 2024 }} The name "Ada" was conceived by Capcom designer Kazunori Kadoi and first mentioned in the original Resident Evil (1996). After the prototype was discarded and development for Resident Evil 2 was restarted, director Hideki Kamiya decided to turn Ada into a full character and invited Kadoi for a meeting, during which Kadoi said that he proposed Ada's name randomly and without much thought. Writer Noboru Sugimura gave Linda's role from the discarded prototype to Ada and reinterpreted her as an enigmatic corporate spy for the final build of Resident Evil 2 to connect its story to that of the first game.{{cite web |title='The Enduring Legacy of {{'}}Resident Evil 1.5{{'}} |last=Baxter |first=Daryl |work=Bloody Disgusting |date=January 21, 2019 |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3542480/resident-evil-1-5/ |access-date=August 29, 2024 |archive-date=August 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829221838/https://bloody-disgusting.com/editorials/3542480/resident-evil-1-5/ |url-status=live }} Artists Isao Ohishi and Ryoji Shimogama designed Ada's appearance.

In Resident Evil 2, Ada develops an ambiguous romance with Leon as they save each other's lives throughout the game. In the 2019 remake of Resident Evil 2, more time was spent developing Ada and Leon's relationship, as the creative team felt that it had progressed too quickly in the original game. Executive producer Jun Takeuchi suggested that the kiss between Ada and Leon occur earlier in the remake, which Kamiya believed "makes Ada feel more manipulative of Leon". Ada's red dress from the original version of the game is initially covered by a beige trench coat in the remake, which Kadoi said was a more "realistic" and "believable" look for a spy.

Ada and Leon's relationship is further explored in Resident Evil 4 and its "Separate Ways" minigame.{{cite magazine|first=Billy|last=Berghammer|title=Producer Masachika Kawata Talks About what it was like to Bring Resident Evil 4 to the PS2|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/News/Story/200509/N05.0917.1830.06421.htm|date=September 17, 2005|magazine=Game Informer|access-date=August 24, 2024|archive-date=November 5, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105033412/http://www.gameinformer.com/News/Story/200509/N05.0917.1830.06421.htm|url-status=dead}} As development of the PlayStation 2 release of the main game took longer than expected, it was decided that instead of simply porting the game from the GameCube, additional material would be added. Producer Masachika Kawata believed that Ada deserved "to really stand out" beyond her minimal screen time in the main campaign of Resident Evil 4, and developed "Separate Ways" as a means of further exploring the character. For the title screen of "Separate Ways", Ada strikes a pose inspired by the poster of the 1990 film La Femme Nikita. In the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4, Ada's red side-split dress and choker from the original version of the game are replaced by a red woolly jumper and leather harness.{{harvnb|Platz|2014|page=156}}{{cite web|first=Jade|last=King|access-date=August 18, 2024|title=Ada Wong is Sadly the Worst Part of Resident Evil 4 Remake|url=https://www.thegamer.com/ada-wong-resident-evil-4-remake-seperate-ways-character-story/|date=March 29, 2023|website=TheGamer|archive-date=April 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402052355/https://www.thegamer.com/ada-wong-resident-evil-4-remake-seperate-ways-character-story/|url-status=live}}

Ada can be unlocked as a playable character in Resident Evil 6 after completing the game's three main campaigns. Executive producer Hiroyuki Kobayashi believed this enhanced Ada's ambiguity and made her scenario "more enjoyable" because "one of the themes of Ada's story is a lone spy working in secret". Ada's outfit, which was designed by Yōsuke Yamagata and included a red blouse and black leather pants, was inspired by a previously rejected design for the character for Resident Evil 4.{{harvnb|Capcom|2014|page=85}} Ada was intended to appear in Resident Evil Village (2021) as a mysterious masked figure in a plague doctor outfit who helps protagonist Ethan Winters, but she was ultimately cut from the game due to "conflicting scenarios".

=Voice-over and live-action actresses=

Sally Cahill voiced Ada for her initial appearance in Resident Evil 2, and reprised the role in Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles. Ada has also been voiced by Megan Hollingshead in Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles,{{cite video game|title=Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles |developer=Capcom |date=November 13, 2007 |platform=Wii|scene=Closing credits}} and Courtenay Taylor in Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City, Resident Evil 6, and Resident Evil: Damnation.

Michelle Lee provided the motion capture performance for Ada in Resident Evil 6,{{cite web|title=Voice and Mocap Actors Revealed for Resident Evil 6|url=https://www.vg247.com/voice-and-mocap-actors-revealed-for-resident-evil-6|date=July 14, 2012|access-date=July 7, 2024|first=Stephany|last=Nunneley-Jackson|website=VG247|archive-date=May 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521200858/https://www.vg247.com/voice-and-mocap-actors-revealed-for-resident-evil-6|url-status=live}} while Jolene Andersen provided the voice and motion capture for Ada in the 2019 remake of Resident Evil 2.{{cite web|first=Kevin|last=Tucker|access-date=May 23, 2022|title=Voice Actors and Cast in Resident Evil 2 Remake|url=https://www.shacknews.com/article/109564/voice-actors-and-cast-in-resident-evil-2-remake%3famphtml=1|date=January 25, 2019|website=Shacknews|archive-date=April 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428094839/https://www.shacknews.com/article/109564/voice-actors-and-cast-in-resident-evil-2-remake?amphtml=1|url-status=live}} Lily Gao, who portrayed Ada in the live-action film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City, provided the character's voice and motion capture in the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4. Chinese actress Li Bingbing played Ada in the live-action film Resident Evil: Retribution, and was dubbed by Cahill in English and Junko Minagawa in Japanese.{{harvnb|Johnson|2020|pages=1373}} Li took part in promoting the movie locally for their various audiences, as well as attending premiere screenings and conducting interviews for media coverage.{{harvnb|Johnson|2020|pages=1362}}

Critical reception

Ada has received positive reviews from critics for her personality traits and defying gender conventions. Journalists from The Guardian and Larry Hester of Complex have praised her beauty, intelligence, and her tendency to be "numerous steps ahead of everyone else".{{cite news|first1=Kate|last1=Gray|first2=Holly|last2=Nielsen|first3=Jordan Erica|last3=Webber|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/25/beyond-lara-croft-30-truly-interesting-female-game-characters-part-one|title=Beyond Lara Croft: 30 Truly Interesting Female Game Characters – Part One|newspaper=The Guardian|date=January 25, 2016|access-date=April 1, 2018|archive-date=June 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608043800/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/25/beyond-lara-croft-30-truly-interesting-female-game-characters-part-one|url-status=live}} Academic writer Jenny Platz opined that Ada fulfills gender fluidity as she possessed traits typically associated with males, such as "strength and intelligence", as well as female traits like "beauty and poise".{{harvnb|Platz|2014|page=162}} Other critics have praised Ada as a femme fatale, such as The Escapist's Lara Crigger, who described her a "strong feminist role model".{{cite web |author=Crigger, Lara |date=May 8, 2007 |title=Resident Evil{{'}}s Second Sex |url=https://www.escapistmagazine.com/resident-evils-second-sex/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728155155/http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/issues/issue_96/536-Resident-Evils-Second-Sex |archive-date=July 28, 2012 |access-date=September 5, 2011 |website=The Escapist}} Scholar Andrei Nae noted that Resident Evil 4 is heavily influenced by film noir, a genre in which female characters are either "submissive" – such as Ashley Graham – or femmes fatales that challenge male authority and patriarchal conventions. According to Nae, in contrast to most examples of femmes fatales in film noir that eventually cease challenging male authority and submit to the male hero of the story—in the case of Resident Evil 4, Leon—Ada manages to remain out of the "ambit of the male protagonist's authority". In doing so, Ada challenges both gender and genre conventions of noir fiction.{{harvnb|Nae|2021|page=162}}

Ada's characterization has received some criticism, owing to her status as an Asian woman. Praising her as challenging of noir conventions and independence, Nae felt that Ada's identity as a Chinese-American makes her accentuated sexuality as a femme fatale conform to Orientalist clichés of East-Asian erotic femininity.{{harvnb|Nae|2021|page=164}} Similarly, although Polygon's Harri Chan praised Ada for complimenting the "schlocky action-movie energy" of Resident Evil 4, she criticized the character's portrayal for adhering to the stereotypical "Dragon Lady" trope and not providing Ada with any other path for character growth.

Ada's sexualization has repeatedly been brought into broader analyses of the character in video games.{{harvnb|Stanton|2023|page=46}}{{harvnb|Jennings|2018|pages=235–250}} Critics have argued that the in-game cinematics in Resident Evil 4 focused on Ada's slit dress – noted as unrealistic and unsuitable for a combat role – and body, holding that her appearance was intended to appeal to male audiences.Sources that discuss Ada's outfit:

  • {{cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/xbox360/f/which-resident-evil-hero-is-best-dressed-for-a-zombie-apocalypse/a-20090311115357286061 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121206004502/http://www.gamesradar.com/xbox360/f/which-resident-evil-hero-is-best-dressed-for-a-zombie-apocalypse/a-20090311115357286061 |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 6, 2012 |title=Which Resident Evil hero is best dressed for a zombie apocalypse? |work=GamesRadar+|date=March 11, 2009|first=Matt|last=Cundy|ref=none|access-date=July 7, 2011 }}
  • {{harvnb|Perron|2018|page=382}}
  • {{harvnb|Pozzebon|Canal|Carraro|Bristot|Frigo|2019|page=7}}Criticism of Ada's outfit from sources:
  • {{cite web |author=Sarkeesian, Anita |author-link=Anita Sarkeesian|title=Body Language & The Male Gaze |work=Feminist Frequency |date=August 31, 2016 |url=https://feministfrequency.com/video/body-language-the-male-gaze/ |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127010340/https://feministfrequency.com/video/body-language-the-male-gaze/ |archive-date=November 27, 2016|ref=none|url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web |author=Frank, Allegra |title=Tropes vs. Women's New Episode Takes a look at the Male Gaze in Games |work=Polygon |date=August 31, 2016 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2016/3/31/11339430/tropes-vs-womens-in-games-feminist-frequency-male-gaze |access-date=September 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160331193026/http://www.polygon.com/2016/3/31/11339430/tropes-vs-womens-in-games-feminist-frequency-male-gaze|ref=none |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |url-status=live}}
  • {{cite web|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/games/latest-feminist-frequency-video-tackles-womens-clo|title="Lingerie is Not Armor": Feminist Frequency Tackles Sexist Female Character Designs|work=Paste|date=June 7, 2016|first=Kyle|last=McKenney|access-date=July 12, 2024|archive-date=July 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724151743/https://www.pastemagazine.com/games/latest-feminist-frequency-video-tackles-womens-clo/|ref=none|url-status=live}} In Tropes vs. Women in Video Games, feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian criticized Ada's outfit, particularly her use of high heels in combat roles, and argued that the attire was designed to attract men. Conversely, digital media scholar Esther MacCallum-Stewart stated that Resident Evil{{'}}s female characters possess unique qualities that make them viable choices for players to select over their male counterparts, with alternate combat attire that helps avoid pandering to the male gaze.{{harvnb|MacCallum-Stewart|2019|page=255}} Researcher Stephanie Jennings argued in Feminism In Play that Ada's sexualization is reframed to enhance meaning in play, with her chapter in Resident Evil 6 offering a "transgressive gender performance that effectively critiques and condemns traditional patriarchal power structures". She suggested that Ada's presence as one of the series' few multiracial characters demonstrates the intersectional potential of the feminine gaze, albeit undermined by the limited exploration of the character's racial identity.{{harvnb|Jennings|2018|page=243}}

Lily Gao's vocal performance as Ada in the 2023 remake of Resident Evil 4 was criticized by fans, resulting in the game being review bombed.{{cite web|title=Resident Evil 4 Remake is Getting Review Bombed for the Worst Reasons|url=https://kotaku.com/re4-remake-woke-ada-wong-actress-lily-gao-reddit-1850295337|access-date=April 3, 2023|first=Ashley|last=Bardhan|date=April 3, 2023|website=Kotaku|archive-date=April 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425234200/https://kotaku.com/re4-remake-woke-ada-wong-actress-lily-gao-reddit-1850295337|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Resident Evil 4 Remake Actor Deactivates Instagram Comments After Receiving Thousands of Critical Messages|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/resident-evil-4-remake-actor-deactivates-instagram-comments-after-receiving-thousands-of-critical-messages|access-date=April 2, 2023|first=Vikki|last=Blake|date=April 2, 2023|website=Eurogamer|archive-date=April 3, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403151557/https://www.eurogamer.net/resident-evil-4-remake-actor-deactivates-instagram-comments-after-receiving-thousands-of-critical-messages|url-status=live}} Jade King of TheGamer criticized the vocal performance of Ada and considered her to be the worst part of the game. Michael McWhertor of Polygon criticized the dialogue as unnatural, speculating whether Gao was given improper direction in an attempt to generate a "cool" personality that set Ada apart from Leon.{{cite web|title=Resident Evil 4 Remake's DLC is just as Lavish|url=https://www.polygon.com/reviews/23891490/resident-evil-4-remake-dlc-review-separate-ways|access-date=July 10, 2024|first=Michael|last=McWhertor|date=September 27, 2023|website=Polygon|archive-date=September 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929003407/https://www.polygon.com/reviews/23891490/resident-evil-4-remake-dlc-review-separate-ways|url-status=live}} Gao deactivated her Instagram comments and hid most of her posts after she was harassed online, later responding to critics with: "My Ada is a survivor. She is unpredictable, resilient, and absolutely not a stereotype."

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web|first=Kimberly|last=Terasaki|access-date=July 23, 2024|title='My Ada is a Survivor': RE4 Voice Actress Lily Gao Posts Instagram Response to Racist Abuse|url=https://www.themarysue.com/re4-voice-actress-lily-gao-instagram-response-to-racist-abuse/|date=April 10, 2023|website=The Mary Sue|archive-date=July 23, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240723064820/https://www.themarysue.com/re4-voice-actress-lily-gao-instagram-response-to-racist-abuse/|url-status=live}}

{{Cite web|author=VickyPsarakis|date=August 30, 2022|title=Any #Dead By Daylight fans here? 👀I'm Excited to Announce that I voiced the Iconic Ada Wong in Chapter 25 of Dead by Daylight|url=https://x.com/VickyPsarakis/status/1564661048010997764|website=X|access-date=August 10, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241012111112/https://x.com/VickyPsarakis/status/1564661048010997764|archive-date=12 October 2024}}

{{Cite web |author=SamSladeVO |date=November 7, 2023|title=I voice Ada Wong in the State of Survival x Resident Evil Crossover Event! The Event is LIVE NOW and you Can Meet Ada Starting December 1st. Thank You @FunPlusGames & @TigerMesa For Having me!! #Resident Evil|url=https://x.com/SamSladeVO/status/1721680684803104927|website=X|access-date=August 10, 2024|url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241012111708/https://x.com/itsSamSlade/status/1721680684803104927|archive-date=12 October 2024}}

{{cite web |url=http://suleputer.capcom.co.jp/sulehome/lineup/cpca1025.htm |trans-title= Resident Evil 2 Drama Album – Ada, the Living Female Spy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021214171920/http://suleputer.capcom.co.jp/sulehome/lineup/cpca1025.htm |archive-date=December 14, 2002 |script-title=ja:バイオハザード2 ドラマアルバム – 生きていた女スパイ・エイダ |date=April 1999 |language=ja |publisher=Capcom}}

{{cite news|first=Harri|last=Chan|url=https://www.polygon.com/23679586/resident-evil-4-re4-remake-ada-wong-stereotypes|title=Resident Evil{{'}}s Ada Wong Goes Head-to-head with Sexpionage Stereotypes|website=Polygon|date=April 20, 2023|access-date=May 9, 2023|archive-date=May 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519230358/https://www.polygon.com/23679586/resident-evil-4-re4-remake-ada-wong-stereotypes|url-status=live}}

{{cite video game|title=Resident Evil 2 |developer=Capcom |date=January 21, 1998 |platform=PlayStation|scene=Closing credits}}

{{cite web |last=Wong |first=Alistair |date=February 12, 2019 |title=Platinum Games' Hideki Kamiya Reminiscences About the Making of the Original Resident Evil 2 |url=https://www.siliconera.com/platinum-games-hideki-kamiya-reminiscences-about-the-making-of-the-original-resident-evil-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608150943/https://www.siliconera.com/platinum-games-hideki-kamiya-reminiscences-about-the-making-of-the-original-resident-evil-2/amp/ |archive-date=June 8, 2022 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |website=Siliconera}}

{{cite web|last=Wong|first=Alistair|date=March 2, 2019|title=RE2 Remake Originally had a Fixed Camera Perspective Mode Switchable Anytime|url=https://www.siliconera.com/re2-remake-originally-had-a-fixed-camera-perspective-mode-switchable-anytime/|url-status=live|access-date=July 14, 2024|website=Siliconera|archive-date=January 17, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117231828/https://www.siliconera.com/re2-remake-originally-had-a-fixed-camera-perspective-mode-switchable-anytime/}}

{{cite web |last=Wong |first=Alistair |date=March 17, 2019 |title=Original RE2 Director Hideki Kamiya Gives his Thoughts on the Remake in Final Discussion Video |url=https://www.siliconera.com/original-re2-director-hideki-kamiya-gives-his-thoughts-on-the-remake-in-final-discussion-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831101849/https://www.siliconera.com/original-re2-director-hideki-kamiya-gives-his-thoughts-on-the-remake-in-final-discussion-video/amp/ |archive-date=August 31, 2020 |access-date=May 25, 2023 |website=Siliconera}}

{{cite web|title=Capcom Reveals Ada Wong's New Look for the Resident Evil 2 Remake|access-date=May 23, 2022|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-09-20-capcom-reveals-ada-wongs-new-look-for-the-resident-evil-2-remake|first=Wesley|last=Yin-Poole|date=September 20, 2018|work=Eurogamer|archive-date=March 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310221351/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-09-20-capcom-reveals-ada-wongs-new-look-for-the-resident-evil-2-remake|url-status=live}}

{{cite web|url=https://www.themarysue.com/what-resident-evil-4s-separate-ways-dlc-means-for-ada-wongand-the-future-of-the-franchise/|title=What Resident Evil 4{{'}}s 'Separate Ways' DLC Means for Ada Wong—and the Future of the Franchise|date=September 25, 2023|first=Kimberly|last=Terasaki|website=The Mary Sue|access-date=September 26, 2023|archive-date=September 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925224602/https://www.themarysue.com/what-resident-evil-4s-separate-ways-dlc-means-for-ada-wongand-the-future-of-the-franchise/|url-status=live}}

{{cite web|url=http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/653/653900p1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015180145/http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/653/653900p1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 15, 2007|title=Resident Evil 4: Separate Ways|website=IGN|date=September 26, 2005|access-date=September 3, 2011}}

{{cite web |last=Nakamura |first=Toshi |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Resident Evil 6 Creators Talk About Ada Wong, and Warn Players Not to get Too Gung-Ho in Agent Hunt Mode |url=https://kotaku.com/resident-evil-6-creators-talk-about-ada-wong-and-warn-5931148/amp |access-date=May 23, 2022 |work=Kotaku |publisher=G/O Media |archive-date=May 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530200155/https://kotaku.com/resident-evil-6-creators-talk-about-ada-wong-and-warn-5931148/amp |url-status=live }}

{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Purslow|access-date=May 23, 2022|title=Ada Wong Was Cut from Resident Evil Village Due to 'Conflicting Scenarios'|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/resident-evil-village-ada-wong-cut-character|date=May 7, 2021|website=IGN|archive-date=May 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523055328/https://www.ign.com/articles/resident-evil-village-ada-wong-cut-character|url-status=live}}

{{cite news|first=Larry|last=Hester|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/larry-hester/the-10-best-asian-characters-in-video-games|title=The 10 Best Asian Characters In Video Games|website=Complex|date=July 3, 2012|access-date=May 9, 2023|archive-date=August 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805064228/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/a/larry-hester/the-10-best-asian-characters-in-video-games|url-status=live}}

}}

=Bibliography=

{{refbegin|30em}}

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  • {{cite book |last=Jennings |first=Stephanie |pages=235–249|chapter=Women Agents and Double-Agents: Theorizing Feminine Gaze in Video Games|editor1-first=Kishonna L.|editor1-last=Gray|editor2-first=Emma|editor2-last=Vossen|editor3-first=Gerald|editor3-last=Voorhees|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1dxDwAAQBAJ|title=Feminism In Play|date=2018|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-3319905389|access-date=July 7, 2024}}
  • {{cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Daniel |date=30 December 2020 |doi=10.1177/1354856520983753 |publisher=Sage Publishing |journal=Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies |title=Serializing accumulation: Resident Evil and the synchronization of Hollywood cinema and Japanese television |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1354856520983753 |issue=5 |volume=27 |pages=1360–1375 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322140214/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1354856520983753 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}
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  • {{cite book |last=Stanton |first=Courtney |year=2023 |title=Project(ing) Human: Representations of Disability in Science Fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q727EAAAQBAJ |publisher=Vernon Press |isbn=978-1648896927 |access-date=July 21, 2024 }}

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