Afghan diaspora

{{Short description|Afghan nationals and citizens who reside outside of Afghanistan}}

{{Infobox ethnic group

| group = Afghan diaspora

| image =

| caption =

| native_name = {{Langx|fa|مهاجران افغان}}
{{langx|ps|بهر ميشت افغانان}}

| poptime =

| region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}}

| pop1 = 5,688,000 (2025)

| ref1 =

| region2 = {{flagcountry|Iran}}

| pop2 = 4,631,000 (2025)

| ref2 = {{Cite web |title=Iran's Interior Minister - The presence of more than 5.0 million Afghan immigrants in Iran |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1402042113915/%D9%88%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=www.isna.ir|date=13 July 2023 }}

| region3 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}

| pop3 = 476,000 (2023)

| ref3 =

| region4 = {{flagcountry|United States}}

| pop4 = 300,000 (2023)

| ref4 = {{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2019.B04006?q=ancestry |title=B04006: PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY |publisher=Census Bureau |access-date=2024-03-14}}

| region5 = {{flagcountry|UAE}}

| pop5 = 300,000 (2023)

| ref5 =

| region6 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}

| pop6 = 150,000 (2023)

| ref6 = {{cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-afghan-community/28926962.html |agency=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty |title=Moscow's 'Little Kabul' |date=25 December 2017}}

| region7 = {{flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}}

| pop7 = 132,282 (2022 census) {{Cite web |title=Saudi Arabia 2022 Census |url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428202653/https://portal.saudicensus.sa/static-assets/media/content/AR_20230514_GASTAT_Population_Report%204.06.12%20PM%202.pdf?crafterSite=gastat-portal |archive-date=2024-04-28 |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}

| region8 = {{flagcountry|Canada}}

| pop8 = 132,015 (2023)

| ref8 = {{cite web|title=Canada Census Profile 2021|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=31&SearchText=Canada|website=Census Profile, 2021 Census|date = 7 May 2021|publisher=Statistics Canada Statistique Canada|access-date=3 January 2023}}{{cite web|title=Permanent Residents – Monthly IRCC Updates – Canada – Admissions of Permanent Residents by Country of Citizenship|url=https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/f7e5498e-0ad8-4417-85c9-9b8aff9b9eda/resource/d1c1f4f3-2d7f-4e02-9a79-7af98209c2f3|website=Statistics Canada|access-date=3 January 2022}}

| region9 = {{flagcountry|Turkey}}

| pop9 = 129,323 (2021)

| ref9 =

| region10 = {{flagcountry|France}}

| pop10 = 124,830 (2023)

| ref10 = {{citation|url=https://www.vidc.org/fileadmin/michael/studien/a_guide_to_afghan_diaspora_engagement_in_europe_.pdf|title=A Guide to Afghan Diaspora Engagement in Europe|publisher=VIDC Global Dialogue|date=March 2023}}{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20210630-afghans-who-worked-for-france-get-a-chance-at-asylum-%E2%80%93-and-spark-an-exodus |title=Afghans who worked for France get a chance at asylum – and spark an exodus |publisher=France 24 |date=June 30, 2023 |access-date=2023-07-31}}

| region11 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}

| pop11 = 93,296 (2023)

| ref11 = {{ONSCoB2019|accessdate=17 October 2020}}

| region12 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}

| pop12 = 67,858 (2023)

| ref12 = {{cite web | url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FodelselandArK/table/tableViewLayout1/ | title=Folkmängden efter födelseland, ålder och kön. År 2000 - 2023 }}

| region13 = {{flagcountry|Australia}}

| pop13 = 59,797 (2021)

| ref13 = {{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7201_AUS |title = People in Australia who were born in Afghanistan |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2023}}

| region14 = {{flagcountry|The Netherlands}}

| pop14 = 51,830 (2021)

| ref14 = {{cite web|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37325/table|title = CBS Statline}}

| region15 = {{flagcountry|Austria}}

| pop15 = 44,918 (2023)

| region16 = {{flagcountry|Denmark}}

| pop16 = 21,635 (2024)

| ref16 = {{cite web |url=https://integrationsbarometer.dk/tal-og-analyser/INTEGRATION-STATUS-OG-UDVIKLING |title=Hvor mange og hvem er indvandrere i Danmark? |publisher= Udlændinge- og Integrationsministeriets Udlændingedatabase, IMBEF02A. |date=February 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 }}

| region17 = {{flagcountry|Greece}}

| pop17 = 21,456 (2021)

| ref17 =

| region18 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}

| pop18 = 20,000 (2001)

| ref18 =

| region19 = {{flagcountry|Norway}}

| pop19 = 19,072 (2023)

| ref19 = Statistics Norway – [https://www.ssb.no/statbank/table/13880/tableViewLayout1/

| region20 = {{flagcountry|India}}

| pop20 = 15,806 (2021)

| ref20 =

| ref21 = {{cite web |url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html |title=Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geburtsland |date=18 May 2018}}

| region21 = {{flagcountry|Switzerland}}

| pop21 = 14,523 (2021)

| region22 = {{flagcountry|Finland}}

| pop22 = 12,044 (2021)

| ref22 = {{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#foreigners |title=Foreigners in Finland |work=Statistics Finland |date=June 9, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30}}

| region23 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}

| pop23 = 11,121-12,096 (2021)

| ref23 = {{cite report |author=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica |author-link=Italian National Institute of Statistics |date=2020 |title=Cittadini Stranieri. Popolazione residente e bilancio demografico al 31 dicembre 2019 |url=http://demo.istat.it/str2019/index.html |publisher=Istat |location=Rome |access-date=15 August 2021 |quote=Italia - Asia Centro-Meridionale
Afghanistan [...] Totale: 11121|lang=it|trans-title=Foreign Citizens. Resident population and demographic balance as in 31 Dec 2019|trans-quote=Italy - Center-Southern Asia
Afghanistan [...] Total: 11,121}}

| region24 = {{flagcountry|Uzbekistan}}

| pop24 = 10,000 (2022)

| ref24 =

| region25 = {{flagcountry|Israel}}

| pop25 = 10,000 (2012)

| ref25 =

| region26 = {{flagcountry|Indonesia}}

| pop26 = 7,629 (2021)

| ref26 =

| region27 = {{flagcountry|Tajikistan}}

| pop27 = 6,775 (2021)

| ref27 =

| region28 = {{flagcountry|Japan}}

| pop28 = 6,063 (2024)

| ref28 = {{citation|url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&year=20240&month=12040606&tclass1=000001060399&result_back=1&tclass2val=0&metadata=1&data=1 |title=在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計） |work=.e-stat.go.jp |language=Japanese}}

| region29 = {{flagcountry|Qatar}}

| pop29 = 4,000 (2012)

| ref29 =

| region30 = {{flagcountry|New Zealand}}

| pop30 = 3,414 (2013)

| ref30 =

| region31 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}}

| pop31 = 2,800+ (2023)

| ref31 = {{cite web|url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2023-02-14/brazil-the-unlikely-last-hope-of-afghan-refugees.html|title="Brazil, the unlikely last hope of Afghan refugees" - El País - elpais.com|date=14 February 2023}}

| region32 = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}}

| pop32 = 2,661 (2021)

| ref32 = {{cite news|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/afghan-refugees-in-malaysia-find-hope-in-theatre-of-the-oppressed-10068|title=Afghan refugees in Malaysia find hope in Theatre of the Oppressed |publisher=TRT World |date=September 4, 2017 |access-date=2021-07-29 |location=Turkey}}

| region33 = {{flagcountry|Kazakhstan}}

| pop33 = 2,500+ (2021)

| ref33 = {{cite web|url=https://el.kz/news/kogam/salt-d-st-rin_ayalay_bilgen_khaly-/|title="Салт-дәстүрін аялай білген халық" - ақпараттық-танымдық сайт - Еl.kz|date=7 November 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://sn.kz/sn-akparat-agyny/84229-boskyndardy-kabyldauga-uzildi-kesildi-karsymyn-kazakstandagy-augan-diasporasynyn-basshysy|title="Босқындарды қабылдауға үзілді-кесілді қарсымын" - Қазақстандағы ауған диаспорасының басшысы|date=23 September 2021 }}

| region34 = {{flagcountry|Romania}}

| pop34 = 2,384 (2020)

| ref34 = {{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/romania-refugee-and-migrant-figures-for-2020 |title=Romania: Refugee and migrant figures for 2020 |publisher= |date=March 30, 201 |access-date=2021-07-30}}

| region35 = {{flagcountry|Kyrgyzstan}}

| pop35 = 2,000 (2002)

| ref35 = [https://go-api.ifrc.org/publicfile/download?path=/docs/appeals/01/&name=320123.pdf IFRC document]

| region36 = {{flagcountry|Ireland}}

| pop36 = 1,200 (2019)

| ref36 = {{cite news | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/up-to-500-relatives-of-afghans-in-state-to-be-offered-temporary-residency-1.4685218 | title=Up to 500 relatives of Afghans in State to be offered temporary residency | newspaper=The Irish Times }}

| region37 = {{flagcountry|Ecuador}}

| pop37 = 300–2,500 (2018)

| ref37 = {{cite web|url=https://www.trt.net.tr/espanol/programas/2018/07/10/los-afganos-latinoamericanos-1009497|title=Los afganos latinoamericanos|publisher=TRT Español|website=www.trt.net.tr}}

| region38 = {{flagcountry|Portugal}}

| pop38 = 883

| ref38 = {{cite news | url=https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/portugal-new-agency-migration-and-asylum_en | title=Portugal: New agency for migration and asylum}}

| languages = Pashto, Dari Persian, and languages spoken in the respective country of residence

| religions = Sunni Islam (majority)
Minority: Shia Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, and Sikhism

| related_groups =

}}

Afghan diaspora refers to the Afghan people that reside and work outside of Afghanistan. They include natives and citizens of Afghanistan who have immigrated to other countries. The majority of the diaspora has been formed by Afghan refugees since the start of the Soviet–Afghan War in 1979; the largest numbers temporarily reside in Iran. As stateless refugees or asylum seekers, they are protected by the well-established non-refoulement principle and the U.N. Convention Against Torture.See generally

{{uscsub|8|1181|c}}
{{uscsub|8|1231|b|3|A}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2012/08/14/3127.pdf |title=Matter of Izatula, 20 I&N Dec. 149 |page=154 |work=BIA |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Justice |date=February 6, 1990}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/07/25/3251.pdf |title=Matter of B, 21 I&N Dec. 66 |page=72 |work=BIA |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Justice |date=May 19, 1995}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1433676/download |title=Matter of N-V-G-, 28 I&N Dec. 380 |page=387 |work=BIA |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Justice |date=September 17, 2021}}

The ones having at least one American parent are further protected by United States laws.See, e.g., generally {{usc|18|249}}; {{usc|18|876}}; {{usc|18|1958}}; {{usc|18|2332}}; {{usc|18|2441}}; {{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/80/124/#p126|title=United States v. Morin, 80 F.3d 124|page=126|work=Fourth Circuit|date=April 5, 1996|publisher=Harvard Law School|access-date=2021-08-02}}

Outside the immediate region of Afghanistan, the largest and oldest communities of Afghans exist in Germany; large communities also exist in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Turkey, Canada, United Kingdom, Sweden, Netherlands, Australia and Austria. Some are nationals and citizens of the countries in those continents, especially those in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.

Traditionally, the borders between Afghanistan and its southern and eastern neighboring countries have been fluid and vague.{{cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/aias/reports/durand_conference.pdf|title=The Durand line: History, Consequences, and Future|access-date=4 June 2014|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609085233/https://www.bu.edu/aias/reports/durand_conference.pdf|url-status=dead}} Like other nations that were created by European empires, the borders of Afghanistan with neighboring countries often do not follow ethnic divisions, and several native ethnic groups are found on both sides of Afghanistan's border. This means that historically there was much movement across present day barriers.{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/181823814/afghan-pakistani-forces-exchange-fire-along-shared-border |title=Afghan-Pakistani Forces Exchange Fire Along Shared Border |publisher=NPR |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=2021-08-01}}

History

File:Day after Saur revolution in Kabul (773).jpg led to the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War. These events compelled millions of Afghans to migrate to neighboring Pakistan and Iran on a temporary basis, i.e., until threats of torture, persecution and mistreatment disappear in Afghanistan.]]

As early as 1974, a large number of Afghans worked in Kuwait and sent the money back home to their families in Afghanistan during peacetime. This was a result of Mohammad Daoud Khan, president of the Republic of Afghanistan, exploring possible economic aid from countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait.{{Cite book |last1=Wahab |first1=Shaista |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y20MTE0C9kwC&pg=PA131 |title=A Brief History of Afghanistan |last2=Youngerman |first2=Barry |date=2007 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-0819-3 |language=en}}

After the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Afghan civilians began escaping to neighboring Pakistan and Iran where they were welcomed by the governments of those countries. From there many immigrated to North America, Europe and Oceania. Smaller number went north and began residing in various cities across the then Soviet Union. Some went to India, Saudi Arabia, and elsewhere within the Asian continent.{{cite web |last=Bose |first=Nayana |date=March 10, 2006|url=https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/news/opendoc.htm?tbl=NEWS&id=441190254&page=news|title=Afghan refugees in India become Indian, at last|publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2013-11-07}}

After the withdrawal of Soviet forces in February 1989, large number of Afghans began returning to their homeland,{{cite web|title=Refugees From Afghanistan: The world's largest single refugee group|url=https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3ae6a9d110.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=December 11, 2021|website=www.refworld.org|date=November 16, 1999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111214654/https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/3ae6a9d110.pdf |archive-date=2020-11-11 }} but after the mujahideen took control of the country in 1992 they again began migrated to neighboring countries. From there the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) and many others began helping Afghans to resettle in Europe, North America and Oceania.

Since March 2002, around 4.4 million Afghan refugees have been repatriated to Afghanistan with the assistance of the UNHCR and IOM.{{cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/pk/unhcr-in-pakistan |title=UNHCR in Pakistan |access-date=2021-07-30 |quote=Since 2002, in what has become the world's largest assisted return programme, UNHCR has been facilitating voluntary repatriation of millions of Afghan refugees from Pakistan. Ten years after programme began, UNHCR has directly helped around 4.4 million Afghans to return home.}}{{Cite web |date=30 June 2022 |title=Registered Afghan Refugees in Pakistan |url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak |access-date=2023-01-28 |work=UNHCR}} Nearly 1.3 million still remain in Pakistan{{cite news |last=Ahmed |first=Amin |date=June 4, 2022 |title=Verification of Afghan refugees completed |publisher=Dawn |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1693043/verification-of-afghan-refugees-completed |access-date=2023-01-28}} and 2.5 million or so in Iran. A number of countries that were part of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) have granted permanent residency to tens of thousands of eligible Afghans.{{cite news |last=Strochlic|first=Nina|date=December 15, 2021|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/afghan-refugees-are-finding-a-warm-welcome-in-small-town-america|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215140511/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/afghan-refugees-are-finding-a-warm-welcome-in-small-town-america|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2021|title=Afghan refugees are finding a warm welcome in small-town America|work=National Geographic|access-date=January 7, 2022}}{{cite web |last=Stainburn|first=Samantha |date=May 22, 2013|url=https://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/afghanistan/130522/uk-denmark-give-afghan-interpreters-visas#1|title=UK, Denmark to give Afghan interpreters visas|work=GlobalPost |access-date=November 5, 2013}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57990020 |title=Let more Afghan interpreters resettle in UK, say ex-military chiefs |publisher=BBC |date=July 29, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-29}} This creates a legal pathway for those Afghans to become citizens of those countries. Native people of Afghanistan now reside in at least 96 countries around the world.{{cite news |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2021/08/how-us-and-uk-accept-far-fewer-afghan-refugees-other-countries |title=How the US and the UK accept far fewer Afghan refugees than other countries |publisher=New Statesman |date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-19}} Some of those returning from Pakistan have complained that "they have been beaten and slapped and told nobody in Pakistan wants them anymore."{{cite news|first=Joseph |last=Goldstein |title=Refugees Are Pushed to Exits in Pakistan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/24/world/asia/refugees-are-pushed-to-exits-in-pakistan.html|access-date=February 24, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=February 23, 2015}} Others have regarded Pakistan as their home because they were born there.{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/21/c_138161157.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621180018/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/21/c_138161157.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 21, 2019|title=Feature: Afghan refugees regard Pakistan as home |publisher=Xinhua|website=www.xinhuanet.com|date=June 21, 2019|access-date=2019-09-14}} Returnees from Iran experience similar or worst punishments.{{cite news|first=Joseph |last=Goldstein|title=For $14.50, Afghan Refugees Make a Desperate Bet on a Way Out|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/14/world/asia/for-14-50-a-desperate-bet-by-afghan-refugees-on-a-way-out.html?_r=0 |access-date=September 15, 2015|work=The New York Times|date=September 13, 2015}} A number of returnees to Afghanistan make new journeys to the European Union (EU) to seek asylum there.{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/07/31/afghan-refugees-are-reaching-turkey-in-greater-numbers |title=Afghan refugees are reaching Turkey in greater numbers |publisher=The Economist |date=July 31, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-03}}{{cite news |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1902351/middle-east |title=Turkey accelerates security wall construction along Iranian border amid migrants' flow |publisher=Arab News |date=July 29, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-03}}

Afghan diaspora around the world

[[File:Map of the Afghan Diaspora in the World.svg|thumb|Map of the Afghan diaspora in the world (includes Afghans of any ethnicity, ancestry or citizenship).

{{Legend|#ff7676|+ 1,000}}]]

Numerous local places around the world with a high concentration of Afghans have been dubbed "Little Kabul", including Centerville District in Fremont, California, U.S.,{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/us/05intel.html|title = Little Kabul|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 4 June 2011|last1 = Curiel|first1 = Jonathan}} Steindamm in Hamburg, Germany,{{cite web|url=https://oliviumresearch.com/how-does-europes-largest-afghan-diaspora-view-the-crisis-back-home/|title = How does Europe's largest Afghan diaspora view the crisis back home?|date = 20 September 2021}} Yotsukaidō in Chiba, Japan,{{cite web|url=https://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/web/15/352321/030700017/|title = 千葉で見つけたアフガニスタンの小さなオアシス|language = ja|date = 7 January 2025}} Lajpat Nagar in Delhi, India,{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/delhis-little-kabul-a-culinary-reminder-of-home-for-afghans-in-the-capital/articleshow/85606640.cms|title = Delhi's Little Kabul: A culinary reminder of home for Afghans in the capital | Delhi News - Times of India|website = The Times of India| date=25 August 2021 }} and Hotel Sevastopol in Moscow, Russia.{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-afghan-community/28926962.html|title = Moscow's 'Little Kabul'| date=25 December 2017 }}

=Western Asia=

Approximately 780,000 registered citizens of Afghanistan are temporarily residing in Iran under the care and protection of the UNHCR.{{cite web |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/irn |title=Refugees in Iran |publisher=UNHCR |date=October 2020 |access-date=2023-01-28}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58283177|title=Afghanistan: How many refugees are there and where will they go? |date=31 August 2021|agency=BBC News|access-date=2022-01-06}}{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |title=Refugees and internally displaced persons |publisher=The World Factbook |access-date=2021-07-29}} According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Refugees, the total number of Afghans in Iran is around 3 million.{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/iran-provides-residency-permits-to-one-million-afghan-refugees/ |title=Iran provides residency permits to one million Afghan refugees |date=January 2, 2023 |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ariana News}} The UNHCR stated in 2020 that little over 2 million undocumented citizens of Afghanistan were residing in various parts of the country. According to IOM, over 1.1 million of them were repatriated to Afghanistan in 2021.{{cite news |title= Over 1.1m Afghans repatriated from Iran, Pakistan last year |url= https://pajhwok.com/2022/01/03/over-1-1-million-afghans-repatriated-from-iran-pakistan-last-year/ |agency=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=January 3, 2022 |access-date=2022-01-07}}{{cite news |title=IOM Afghanistan Highlights |url=https://www.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl486/files/situation_reports/file/iom-afghanistan-highlights-november-2021.pdf |agency=International Organization for Migration |date=January 5, 2022 |access-date= 2022-01-07}} Over 600,000 have returned to Afghanistan in 2022.{{Cite news|url=https://pajhwok.com/2022/12/15/727000-afghans-returned-in-past-10-month-unfpa/|title=727,000 Afghans return in past 10 months: UNFPA|date=15 December 2022 |website=Pajhwok Afghan News}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.ariananews.af/more-than-600000-afghans-return-home-in-past-year/|title=More than 600,000 Afghans return home in past year|date=August 14, 2022 |website=Ariana News}} According to Iran's Ambassador Hassan Kazemi Qomi, half of Iran's foreign investors are Afghans.{{cite news|url=https://iranpress.com/content/70744/afghan-nationals-responsible-for-half-iran-2022-foreign-investment |title=Afghan nationals responsible for half of Iran's 2022 foreign investment |publisher=Iran Press |date=15 December 2022 |access-date=2022-12-16 |language=en}}

Significant number of Afghans also reside in Turkey. They include business investors, registered refugees, migrant workers, and those trying to make their way to Europe.{{citation|url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/Statistical%20Factsheet%20Onward%20movements%20of%20Afghan%20refugees%20March-April%202021.pdf|title=Onward Movements of Afghan Refugees |date=March–April 2021|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=2021-08-10}}{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/57000-illegal-afghans-deported-from-turkey/ |title=57,000 illegal Afghans deported from Turkey |date=November 13, 2022 |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ariana News}}{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/turkey-pushing-tens-of-thousands-of-afghans-back-at-iran-border-hrw/ |title=Turkey pushing tens of thousands of Afghans back at Iran border: HRW |date=November 18, 2022 |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=Ariana News}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2021/8/4/the-afghan-refugee-crisis-brewing-on-turkeys-eastern-border |title=The Afghan refugee crisis brewing on Turkey's eastern border |publisher=The New Humanitarian |date=August 3, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-13}} Around 300,000 reside in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where many are investors in Dubai and Abu Dhabi.{{cite news |last=Hakimi |first=Bibi Amina |date=January 19, 2023 |url=https://tolonews.com/index.php/business-181673 |title=Afghan Investors in UAE to Form Delegation to Share Problems with Kabul |publisher=TOLOnews |access-date=2023-01-28}}{{cite news |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae-is-our-haven-the-afghan-community |title=UAE is our haven: The Afghan community |date=December 16, 2016 |publisher=Khaleej Times |access-date=2021-07-29}}{{cite news |last=Shahbandari |first=Shafaat |date=November 30, 2012 |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/society/afghans-take-hope-from-uae-s-achievements-1.1112640 |title=Afghans take hope from UAE's achievements |publisher=Gulf News |access-date=2013-11-05}} Some of them could be Iranians or Pakistanis using false Afghan passports.{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/fraud-passport-office-revealed-after-iranian-national-got-afghan-passport |title=Fraud in Passport Office Revealed After Iranian National Got Afghan Passport |publisher=TOLOnews |date=August 22, 2015 |access-date=2021-07-28 |quote=It is now said many Iranians and Pakistanis seek out Afghan passports in order to get easier access to the UAE.}} Approximately 10,000 Afghans reside in Israel. They are Israelis by nationality.{{cite news|last1=Arbabzadah|first1=Nushin|title=The story of the Afghan Jews is one of remarkable tolerance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2012/feb/28/afghan-jews-tolerance|access-date=2017-04-12|work=The Guardian|date=28 February 2012}} Between 3,500 and 4,000 Afghans reside in Qatar.{{cite web |url=https://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/12/population-qatar-nationality |title=Population of Qatar by nationality |first=Jure |last=Snoj |work=bq magazine |date=18 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212101043/https://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/12/population-qatar-nationality |archive-date=12 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}

The UAE authorities were criticized was keeping thousands of Afghan asylum seekers in cramped and miserable conditions for more than 15 months. Afghans between 2,400-2,700 were being arbitrarily detained in Emirates Humanitarian Cities in Abu Dhabi. Several Afghans interviewed said they were not allowed to leave the site freely and were allowed visits to necessary hospitals only under close supervision by security forces and camp guards. HRW called for the UAE to release those arbitrarily detained, and to allow them a fair and efficient procedure to determine their status and protection needs.{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/03/15/uae-arbitrarily-detained-afghans-stuck-limbo|title=Saudi Arabia: Alarming crackdown on online expression|accessdate=15 February 2023|website=HRW}}

=South Asia=

File:Faisal_Masjid_From_Damn_e_koh.jpg, Pakistan]]

{{As of|2023|October}}, the United Nations estimates that nearly 3.7 million Afghans reside in Pakistan, while Pakistani authorities believe the number to be as high as 4.4 million.{{Cite web |date=2023-10-26 |title=Pakistan issues final warning to illegal immigrants to leave voluntarily before the November 1 deadline. |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/afghan-refugees-return-home-pakistan-deportations/32654636.html |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en |quote=The United Nations estimates that 3.7 million Afghans reside in Pakistan, while Pakistani authorities believe the number to be as high as 4.4 million. Of these, just 2.7 million Afghans hold the required documentation enabling them to legally stay in Pakistan.}}{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Munir |title=Pakistan announces big crackdown on migrants in the country illegally, including 1.7 million Afghans |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pakistan-announces-big-crackdown-migrants-country-illegally-including-103689458 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=ABC News |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Can Pakistan deport 1.7 million Afghan refugees? – DW – 10/04/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/can-pakistan-deport-17-million-afghan-refugees/a-66995120 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=dw.com |language=en}} Of these, only 2.7 million hold the required documentation allowing them to legally stay in Pakistan. {{As of|2023|June}}, approximately 1,333,749 registered refugees still remain in Pakistan according to UNHCR.{{Cite web |date=30 June 2022 |title=Registered Afghan Refugees in Pakistan |url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/pak |access-date=2022-11-30 |work=UNHCR}} They are also under the care and protection of the UNHCR.{{cite web |date=29 Jan 2021 |title=75,000 Afghan refugee families impacted by COVID-19 received emergency cash |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/75000-afghan-refugee-families-impacted-covid-19-received-emergency-cash |access-date=2021-07-30 |publisher=ReliefWeb}}{{cite web |title=Asylum system in Pakistan |url=https://www.unhcr.org/pk/asylum-system-in-pakistan |access-date=2021-07-30 |publisher=UNHCR}}{{cite news |date=January 3, 2021 |title=200,000 CNICs fraudulently obtained by Afghans cancelled |publisher=Dawn News |location=Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1599341 |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{cite news |date=January 3, 2021 |title=Pakistan scraps 200,000 ID cards issued to Afghans |publisher=Pajhwok Afghan News |url=https://pajhwok.com/2021/01/03/pakistan-scraps-200000-id-cards-issued-to-afghans/ |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{cite news |date=January 3, 2021 |title=Pakistan cancels 200,000 fake citizen ID cards held by Afghan refugees |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/pakistan-cancels-200000-fake-citizen-id-cards-held-by-afghan-refugees/article33486026.ece |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{cite news |date=October 27, 2019 |title=Nadra cancels ex-senator Hamdullah's citizenship |publisher=Dawn News |location=Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1513157 |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{cite news |date=June 27, 2021 |title=Families of Afghan Taliban Live in Pakistan, Interior Minister Says |publisher=Voice of America |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_families-afghan-taliban-live-pakistan-interior-minister-says/6207547.html |access-date=2021-07-28 |quote=Pakistan's interior minister said Sunday that the families of Afghanistan's Taliban reside in his country, including in areas around the capital, Islamabad, and the insurgent group's members receive some medical treatment in local hospitals.}} On 3 October 2023, the Interior Minister of Pakistan Sarfraz Bugti ordered that all undocumented immigrants, mainly nearly 1.73 million Afghan nationals, to voluntarily leave the country by 1 November 2023, or face deportation in a crackdown.{{cite news |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Pakistan wants undocumented migrants to leave by November 1 or get deported |publisher=Al Jazeera |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/3/pakistan-wants-undocumented-migrants-to-leave-by-november-1-or-get-deported}}

Around 15,806 Afghans reside in India, mostly in the capital Delhi.{{cite news |url=https://www.dw.com/en/afghan-refugees-in-india-hit-by-covid-19/a-55160916 |title=Afghan refugees in India cast adrift amid coronavirus pandemic |publisher=DW News |date=May 10, 2020 |access-date=2021-07-29}}{{cite web |title=Afghan refugees in search of Indian identity |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2005/5/428c967e4/afghan-refugees-search-indian-identity.html |publisher=UNHCR |date=May 19, 2005 |access-date=2019-05-01}}{{cite news |agency=Associated Press|date=July 24, 2013|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/news/tough-times-follow-afghan-refugees-fleeing-taliban-to-delhi/1146123/|title=Tough times follow Afghan refugees fleeing Taliban to Delhi|work=The Indian Express |access-date=2013-11-07}}

A small number also reside in Nepal.{{cite news | url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/afghans-in-nepal-await-resettlement/ |title=Afghans in Nepal await resettlement}} Most of these fled Afghanistan as refugees but came to the capital Kathmandu via Delhi in search of job opportunities.{{cite news |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/kathmandus-little-kabul/ |title=Kathmandu's Little Kabul}}

=North and Central Asia=

File:Business_Centre_of_Moscow_2.jpg, Russia]]

There may be as much as 150,000 Afghan refugees in Russia, a third of them reside and work in Moscow.{{citation|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-afghan-community/28926962.html|title=Moscow's 'Little Kabul'|publisher=RFE/RL|date=December 25, 2017}}{{citation|url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/thousands-afghan-refugees-still-russia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030054756/https://www.voanews.com/archive/thousands-afghan-refugees-still-russia|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2020|title=Thousands of Afghan Refugees Still In Russia|publisher=Voice of America|date=October 29, 2009|access-date=2021-08-20}}

Approximately 10,000 Afghans are said to be residing in Uzbekistan.{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/business-181358 |title=First Part of Joint Market Opens on Border with Uzbekistan |work=TOLOnews |date=December 27, 2022 |access-date=2023-01-28}} Around 1,000 are believed to be in Tashkent.{{citation|url=https://eurasianet.org/afghanistans-ghani-visits-uzbekistan-on-mission-to-plug-into-central-asia|title=Afghanistan's Ghani Visits Uzbekistan on Mission to Plug Into Central Asia|publisher=Eurasianet|date=December 5, 2017}} In 2005, their total number in that country was approximately 2,500.{{citation|url=https://iwpr.net/global-voices/uzbekistan-gives-afghans-no-reason-stay|title=Uzbekistan Gives Afghans No Reason to Stay|publisher=IWRP|date=November 20, 2005}}

The number of Afghans in Tajikistan is approximately 6,775 as of 2021.{{cite news |url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/afghanistan#_ga=2.50735596.454016482.1641847996-2034345174.1627464944 |title=Afghanistan Situation |publisher=UNHCR |date=August 31, 2021 |access-date=2022-01-10}} Hundreds are also known to be residing elsewhere.{{citation|url=https://voicesoncentralasia.org/refugees-from-%D1%81entral-asia-and-in-central-asia/|title=Refugees from Central Asia and in Central Asia|publisher=Voices on Central Asia|date=May 27, 2020}} It is believed some 2,500 and probably over 3,000 are in Kazakhstan.{{cite web|url=https://el.kz/news/kogam/salt-d-st-rin_ayalay_bilgen_khaly-/|title="Салт-дәстүрін аялай білген халық" - ақпараттық-танымдық сайт - Еl.kz|date=7 November 2020}}{{cite web|url=https://sn.kz/sn-akparat-agyny/84229-boskyndardy-kabyldauga-uzildi-kesildi-karsymyn-kazakstandagy-augan-diasporasynyn-basshysy|title="Босқындарды қабылдауға үзілді-кесілді қарсымын" - Қазақстандағы ауған диаспорасының басшысы|date=23 September 2021 }}

=East and Southeast Asia=

File:View_from_Chiba_Port-Tower_Northwest.jpg, Japan]]

In December 2020, there were 7,629 registered Afghan refugees residing in Indonesia under the care and protection of the UNHCR.{{citation|url=https://reporting.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/UNHCR%20Indonesia%20fact%20sheet%20-%20December%202020.pdf|title=Indonesia fact sheet|work=UNHCR|date=December 2020|access-date=2021-07-30}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56834217 |title=The 'forgotten' Afghan refugees taking their own lives |publisher=BBC News |date=April 29, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-50149239 |title=A Taliban escapee, an English baby - and the dramatic story that followed |publisher=BBC News |date=November 13, 2019 |access-date=2021-07-30}} Japan has the largest Afghan population in East Asia with 6,063 natives residing in its country in 2024. About 2,500 of them resides in Chiba Prefecture alone, which makes it the prefecture with largest Afghan community.{{citation|url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle=1&year=20240&month=12040606&tclass1=000001060399&result_back=1&tclass2val=0&metadata=1&data=1 |title=在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計） |work=.e-stat.go.jp |language=Japanese}} Malaysia has approximately 2,840 Afghans residing in Malaysia under refugee status.{{cite news|url=https://www.unhcr.org/my/what-we-do/figures-glance-malaysia |title= Figures at a glance in Malaysia |publisher=UNHCR |date=September 2024 |access-date=2024-10-28 |location=Malaysia}} In China, there are "a few thousand" Afghans residing there,{{cite web | url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/china-afghanistan-and-the-belt-and-road-initiative-diplomacy-and-reality/ | title=China, Afghanistan, and the Belt and Road Initiative: Diplomacy and Reality }} including traders based in the international trade city of Yiwu.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/glob.12272 |title=Commodities, merchants, and refugees: Inter-Asian circulations and Afghan mobility |year=2020 |last1=Marsden |first1=Magnus |journal=Global Networks |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=746–765|s2cid=211461831 |doi-access=free }} Small number of natives from Afghanistan also reside and work in Thailand, South Korea, Hong Kong, and in the Philippines.

=Europe=

{{main|Afghans in Germany|Afghans in the United Kingdom|Afghans in Sweden|Afghans in Ukraine|Afghans in the Netherlands|Afghans in Finland}}

File:1106_Hamburg.JPG, Germany]]

Native people from Afghanistan can be found all over Europe.{{cite news |title=Afghan Nationals Remain the Second Top Nation With Most EU+ Asylum Applications, EASO Reports |url=https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/afghan-nationals-remain-the-second-top-nation-with-most-eu-asylum-applications-easo-reports/ |publisher= |date=June 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-29}}{{citation|url=http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=121603|title=Afghan Dutch or Dutch Afghan?|publisher=University of Tilburg|author=Aurin Fouraschen|date=August 2011}} Germany has the largest Afghan community in Europe. In the end of 2022, a total of 425,000 persons of Afghan descent{{cite web |url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bevoelkerung/Migration-Integration/Tabellen/migrationshintergrund-staatsangehoerigkeit-staaten.html |title= Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten 2022 nach Migrationshintergrund |date=20 April 2023}} resided in Germany, including refugees and asylum seekers and Germans of Afghan descent. There were around 377,000 Afghan citizens residing in Germany at the end of 2022.{{cite web |url=https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/Tables/foreigner-place-of-birth.html |title=Foreign population by place of birth and selected citizenships |work=Statistisches Bundesamt |date=March 29, 2021 |access-date=2021-03-29}} In the city of Hamburg alone being home to 50,000{{citation|url=https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Statistische_Berichte/bevoelkerung/A_1_10_j_H/A_I_10_j21_HH.xlsx|title=Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in Hamburger Stadtteilen 2021|publisher=Statistical Office of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein | date=May 2022}} people of Afghan descent and Hamburg and has the largest Afghan community in Europe. They came first in 1990s due to Afghan conflict to Germany where many people decided to live in Hamburg. Today Hamburg has many Afghan restaurants, shops and cafes. They are the second largest foreign group residing and working in Hamburg, after the Turks.

Elsewhere in Europe various size communities of Afghans exist in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland, France, Greece, Italy, Finland, Ireland, etc.{{citation|url=https://www.vidc.org/fileadmin/michael/studien/a_guide_to_afghan_diaspora_engagement_in_europe_.pdf|title=A Guide to Afghan Diaspora Engagement in Europe|publisher=VIDC Global Dialogue|date=March 2020}}{{cite news|url=https://www.mo.be/en/report/afghans-antwerp-journey-begins-once-we-reach-our-destination|title=Afghans in Antwerp: 'The journey begins once we reach our destination'|publisher=Mondiaal Nieuws|date=March 2, 2021|access-date=2021-08-05}}{{cite web |url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/356586-italy-warns-of-afghan-immigrant-wave-after-troop-pull-out |title=Italy warns of Afghan immigrant wave after troop pull-out |work=Geo News |date=June 23, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-06 |quote=Italy has agreed to take in 270 people who worked with its soldiers and may accept another 400, the defence ministry said last week.}}{{cite web |title=The Afghan writer who made Dublin home |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/2016/9/58d0fdd34/the-afghan-writer-who-made-dublin-home.html |publisher=UNHCR |date=September 22, 2016 |access-date=2021-07-31 |quote=Nasruddin Saljuqi had to flee from Afghanistan when war broke out. Now he lives in Ireland and is a writer and an advocate for integration of asylum seekers and refugees.}}{{cite news |title=Switzerland: 23% Decrease in Number of Asylum Applications in 2020 Due to COVID-19 |url=https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/switzerland-23-decrease-in-number-of-asylum-applications-in-2020-due-to-covid-19/ |publisher=schengenvisainfo.com |date=February 3, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-31 |quote=Eritrean citizens (1,917), accounted for the majority number of citizenships who sought international protection in Switzerland during last year, followed by citizens of Afghanistan, Algeria as well as Syria.}} Some have long been citizens of those countries while others are there to seek asylum. The ones that are denied such relief are sent back to Afghanistan.{{cite news |title=Switzerland to return rejected asylum-seekers to Afghanistan |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/switzerland-to-return-rejected-asylum-seekers-to-afghanistan/46722754 |publisher=Swissinfo |date=June 21, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-06}} It was reported in 2001 that about 20,000 Afghans were residing in Ukraine. Of these, 15,000 were living in Kyiv and remaining in the Dnieper region.{{cite news|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/881540.html|title=Афганська громада України|newspaper=Радіо Свобода |date=October 8, 2001|access-date=2021-07-29 |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}

Between 1992 and 2002, Germany received the highest asylum requests from Afghans in Europe, a total of 57,600. The Netherlands received 36,500 refugees and asylum seekers, the United Kingdom received 29,400, Austria 25,800, Denmark 7,300 and Sweden 3,100. All other countries in the (pre-2004) EU received less than 2,000 asylum requests each from Afghan citizens. Many also arrived during the recent migrant crisis, especially to Germany, Sweden and Austria.{{citation|url=https://tolonews.com/node/12210|title=Migrants Protest Kabul, Stockholm Move To Deport Failed Asylum Seekers|date=5 December 2015}}

=Americas=

File:Tysons_Corner_Sunset_.jpg in the United States]]

The United States has one of the largest and oldest Afghan population in the Americas, with about 250,000 residing in that country as of 2022.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/19/us/politics/afghan-war-refugees.html |title=At Every Step, Afghans Coming to America Encounter Stumbling Blocks |work=New York Times |date=December 19, 2021 |access-date=2022-01-03}}{{cite web|title=2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates: Afghan|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Ancestry&t=Ancestry&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B04006|work=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2021-03-02}} The early ones had arrived before the 1930s.{{cite web |url=https://casetext.com/admin-law/in-the-matter-of-k-27|title=In the Matter of K, 2 I&N Dec. 253|work=Board of Immigration Appeals|date=May 26, 1945|publisher=Casetext.com|access-date=2021-08-01}}{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f2d/253/547/#p548|title=Khan v. Barber, 253 F.2d 547|page=548|work=U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit|date=March 11, 1958|publisher=Harvard Law School|access-date=2021-08-01}} Most were lawfully admitted under {{uscsub|8|1157|c}} after the Refugee Act of 1980 went into effect. They became Americans in accordance with {{uscsub|8|1159|a|2}}, {{usc|8|1427}}, {{usc|8|1436}}, {{usc|8|1452}}, etc., including under the Child Citizenship Act of 2000.

{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/355/539/#p541|title=Ejelonu v. INS, DHS, 355 F.3d 539|page=541|work=Sixth Circuit|date=January 8, 2004|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Eric L. Clay|quote=Congress enacted the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 ('CCA'), which automatically granted citizenship to most foreign-born children of American parents.}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/904/129/#p135|title=Khalid v. Sessions, 904 F.3d 129|page=135|work=Second Circuit|date=September 13, 2018|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Christopher F. Droney|quote=Congress enacted the current version of [8 U.S.C. §§ 1431(a) and 1433(a)] with the passage of the Child Citizenship Act of 2000 ('CCA').}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/255/752/#p760|title=Hughes v. Ashcroft, 255 F.3d 752|page=760|work=Ninth Circuit|date=June 22, 2001|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Ferdinand Fernandez|quote=As I see it, the language [of §§ 1431(a) and 1433(a)] could be construed to allow coverage of [natural and biological children of U.S. citizens] who had reached the age of 18 years before the CCA’s effective date.}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/s-ct/137/1678/#p1686|title=Sessions v. Morales-Santana, 137 S. Ct. 1678

|page=1686|work=U.S. Supreme Court|date=June 12, 2017|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Ruth Bader Ginsburg|quote=The general rules for acquiring U.S. citizenship are found in 8 U.S.C. § 1401....}}

{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/us/533/53/#p72|title=Nguyen v. INS, 533 U.S. 53|page=72|work=U.S. Supreme Court|date=June 11, 2001|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Anthony Kennedy}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/712/543/#p545|title=Belleri v. United States, 712 F.3d 543|page=545|work=Eleventh Circuit|date=March 14, 2013|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=William H. Pryor Jr.|quote=A child acquires derivative citizenship by operation of law, not by adjudication.}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/896/305/#p311|title=Hinojosa v. Horn, 896 F.3d 305|page=311|work=Fifth Circuit|date=May 8, 2018|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Per curiam|quote=To receive the certificate, petitioners must demonstrate good faith and a 'substantial basis' for the claim that they are, in fact, American citizens.}}
{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/eoir/legacy/2014/07/25/3316.pdf|title=In re Fuentes-Martinez, 21 I&N Dec. 893|page=896 n.4 |work=Board of Immigration Appeals|date=April 25, 1997|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Justice|author=Lory D. Rosenberg|quote=A person who claims to have derived United States citizenship by naturalization of a parent may apply ... for a certificate, but a certificate is not required.}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/401/1090/#p1094|title=Solis-Espinoza v. Gonzales, 401 F.3d 1090|page=1094|work=Ninth Circuit|date=March 23, 2005|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=Richard Clifton|quote=The Immigration and Nationality Act ('INA') was intended to keep families together. It should be construed in favor of family units and the acceptance of responsibility by family members.}}
{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp/559/2/#p3|title=Petition for Naturalization of Tubig ex rel. Tubig, 559 F. Supp. 2|page=3|work=U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California|date=October 7, 1981|publisher=Harvard Law School|author=William Orrick III|quote=A person naturalized under § 1433(a) need not meet many of the requirements for naturalization—such as language, residence, and physical presence requirements—imposed upon those who seek naturalization under other provisions.... Thus, qualifying for naturalization under § 1433(a) can be of substantial importance to applicants for naturalization.}}

They reside and work in nearly all U.S. states, including in California, New York, Arizona, Texas, Georgia, Michigan, Idaho, Missouri, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Florida, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Washington, Maryland, Connecticut, Colorado, Ohio, Utah, New Mexico, Oregon, and Tennessee.{{cite web |url=https://data.greatfallstribune.com/refugee/all/afghanistan/all/ |title=Country of origin: Afghanistan |publisher=Great Falls Tribune |access-date=2021-08-13}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58020494 |title=From Afghan interpreter to US homeless - the long road to the American dream |publisher=BBC News |date=July 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-01}} Their total number is expected to increase in the coming years.{{cite news |url=https://www.khaama.com/the-u-s-extends-siv-plus-extra-4000-visas-to-afghans/ |title=The U.S. Extends SIV Plus Extra 4,000 Visas to Afghans |work=Khaama Press |date=December 31, 2022 |access-date=2023-01-28}}{{cite news |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-central-asia_us-expands-eligibility-afghan-refugee-resettlement/6209053.html |title=US Expands Eligibility for Afghan Refugee Resettlement |publisher=Voice of America |date=August 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-03}}{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/afghanistan-173921 |title=US Announces New Refugee Program for Afghans |publisher=TOLOnews |date=August 2, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-02}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/national-international/welcome-home-first-group-of-evacuated-afghan-interpreters-arrive-in-us/2572291/ |title='Welcome Home': First Group of Evacuated Afghan Interpreters Arrive in US |publisher=WMAQ-TV |date=July 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30 |quote=The interpreters and their family members are being resettled under a visa program for those who worked with U.S. troops and now face retaliation from the Taliban amid America's withdrawal}}{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-07-30/afghan-contractors-who-aided-us-arrive-at-virginia-base-but-thousands-still-in-peril |title=Afghan who aided U.S. arrive at Virginia base, but many others remain in peril |work=Los Angeles Times |date=July 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30}}{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/house-votes-to-expand-speed-up-visa-process-for-afghans-who-helped-the-us-during-war.html |title=House votes to expand and speed up visa process for Afghans who helped the U.S. during war |publisher=CNBC |date=July 22, 2021 |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{cite web |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3985/text |title=H.R.3985 - Averting Loss of Life and Injury by Expediting SIVs Act of 2021 |date=22 July 2021 |publisher=U.S. Congress |access-date=2021-07-23}}

Afghan Canadians form the second largest Afghan community in North America after Afghan Americans. Over 83,995 Afghan natives are settled in Canada and are Canadian citizens.{{cite web |title=Ethnic origin population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1 |website=statcan |publisher=Statistics Canada |year=2016 |access-date=2018-10-04}} The overwhelming majority of them reside in and around the city of Toronto. The remaining can be found in Vancouver, Ottawa, Montreal, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Calgary, etc.{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-08-05/first-resettled-afghan-refugees-and-families-arrive-in-canada |title=First Resettled Afghan Refugees and Families Arrive in Canada |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |date=August 5, 2021 |access-date=2021-08-05}}

A month after the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021, Brazil became one of the few nations issuing humanitarian visas to persecuted Afghans, with embassies in Islamabad, Tehran, Moscow, Ankara, Doha, and Abu Dhabi licensed to process visa requests for humanitarian shelter.{{Cite web |date=2021-09-06 |title=Brazil to grant humanitarian visa to Afghans |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/direitos-humanos/noticia/2021-09/brazil-grant-humanitarian-visa-afghans |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=Agência Brasil |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2023-02-02 |title=Why Afghan refugees in Brazil are making dangerous US journeys |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2023/02/02/Afghan-refugees-Brazil-dangerous-US |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=en}} As of June 2023, 11,576 visas had been granted and about 4,000 Afghans had arrived in the South American country. The refugees have faces problems to settle in the country, with over 200 of them living in the São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport while waiting for residencies.{{Cite web |date=2023-06-22 |title=Novo grupo de afegãos chega ao Brasil e mais de 200 imigrantes esperam por abrigo no Aeroporto Internacional de SP, em Guarulhos |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2023/06/22/novo-grupo-de-afegaos-chega-ao-brasil-e-mais-de-200-imigrantes-esperam-por-abrigo-no-aeroporto-internacional-de-sp-em-guarulhos.ghtml |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}

Small number of natives from Afghanistan are also reported to be residing and working in Ecuador, Cuba, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Uruguay, Panama, Costa Rica, Mexico, Cayman Islands, and Trinidad and Tobago.

=Oceania=

File:Melburnian_Skyline.jpg, Australia]]

Afghans have immigrated to Australia since the mid-19th century. The Ghan passenger train that travels between Adelaide in the south and Darwin in the north is named after them. There are over 59,797 Afghan Australians. They reside in a number of cities but mainly in Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane.{{cite web|url=https://profile.id.com.au/s_greater-brisbane/afghan-population|title=Greater Brisbane Afghan population|website=profile.id.com.au|access-date=2021-08-02}} Around 3,414 Afghans reside in New Zealand. They are all citizens of those two countries.{{cite web|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/7201_036|title=2016 QuickStats Country of Birth|website=quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au|language=en|access-date=2019-09-01}}{{cite web|url=https://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/ethnic-profiles.aspx|title=2013 Census ethnic group profiles|website=archive.stats.govt.nz}} Small number of natives from Afghanistan reportedly reside and work in the islands of Papua New Guinea, Nauru, and Fiji.

=Africa=

Small number of natives from Afghanistan are also reported to be residing and working in Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa, Morocco, Algeria, Chad, Ethiopia, and Nigeria.

2,000 Afghan refugees have been accepted into Uganda following August 2021, along with 250 in Rwanda.{{cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/why-african-governments-are-accepting-afghan-refugees|title = Why African Governments Are Accepting Afghan Refugees| date=23 September 2021 | last1=Yayboke | first1=Erol | last2=Devermont | first2=Judd }}