Apple I

File:Steve Wozniak, 1983 (cropped).jpg alone designed the circuit and operating system for the Apple I.{{Cite web |last=Karabus |first=Jude |title=Apple-1 prototype hand-soldered by Woz under the hammer |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/07/27/apple1_prototype_handsoldered_by_woz/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.theregister.com |language=en}}]]

In 1974, while visiting famous phone phreak John Draper in California, Steve Wozniak watched him connect a modem to the ARPANET – the precursor to the internet – and use a teleprinter to play chess with someone from Boston; this inspired him to make a cheap terminal that used an inexpensive keyboard from Sears and a standard TV.{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYEYTjqx4pY|date=July 17, 2021|title=Apple 1 History And Build Guide|author=Retro Hack Shack|work=YouTube|access-date=December 10, 2024}} Later in March 1975, Wozniak started attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club, which was a major source of inspiration for him.{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |author-link=Steve Wozniak |url=https://archive.org/details/iwozcomputergeek00wozn |title=iWoz |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-393-33043-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/iwozcomputergeek00wozn/page/150 150] |quote=After my first meeting, I started designing the computer that would later be known as the Apple I. It was that inspiring. |url-access=registration}}{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=4–5}}{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5lpOskKF9I|date=March 18, 2016|title=The PC That Started Microsoft & Apple! (Altair 8800)|author=ColdFusion|work=YouTube|access-date=December 10, 2024}} New microcomputers such as the Altair 8800 inspired Wozniak to build a microprocessor into his video terminal circuit to make a complete computer.{{Cite web |title=Computer Technologies and Cyberterrorism |url=http://lib.eioskuimvd.ru/jirbis2/_docs_file/Эл.%20библ.%20для%20учебы/Электронные%20учебники%20ВУЗов%20МВД%20России/Английский%20язык/2021%20Компьютерные%20технологии%20и%20кибертерроризм/Комп%20технологии%20английский.pdf |access-date=1 June 2024}} At the time the only appropriate CPUs available were the Intel 8080, and the Motorola 6800. Of these options, Wozniak preferred the 6800, though he was financially unable to obtain either. Instead, he began designing computers on paper until he could afford a CPU.{{Cite web |title=History of AppleBefore Apple Computer, Inc. - History of Apple |url=https://historyofapple.com/apple-history/before-apple-computer-inc/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=historyofapple.com}}

When the $25 MOS Technology 6502 was released in late 1975,{{efn|a price equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|25|1975|r=-1}} in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}}} Wozniak wrote a version of BASIC for it, then began to design a computer for it to run on. The 6502 was developed by many of the same engineers that designed the 6800, as many in Silicon Valley left employers to form their own companies. Wozniak's earlier 6800 computer design needed only minor changes to run on the new processor.

By March 1, 1976, Wozniak completed the basic design of his computer.{{cite book |last1=Freiberger |first1=Paul |author-link1=Paul Freiberger |url=https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0 |title=Fire in the Valley |last2=Swaine |first2=Michael |author-link2=Michael Swaine (technical author) |publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2000 |isbn=0-07-135892-7}}{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=5–6}} Wozniak originally offered the design to HP while working there, but it was rejected by the company on five occasions.{{cite web |url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |title=Apple co-founder offered first computer design to HP 5 times |date=December 7, 2010 |publisher=AppleInsider |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155301/https://appleinsider.com/articles/10/12/06/apple_co_founder_offered_first_computer_design_to_hp_5_times |url-status=live }} When he demonstrated his computer at the Homebrew Computer Club, his friend and fellow club regular Steve Jobs was immediately interested in its commercial potential.{{Cite book |last=O'Grady |first=Jason D. |title=Apple Inc. |date=2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313362446 |page=3}} Wozniak intended to share schematics of the machine for free; however, Jobs advised him to start a business together and sell bare printed circuit boards for the computer, without any components soldered on.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=4–6}}{{sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|2016|pp=35–38}}{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=62}} Wozniak, at first skeptical, was later convinced by Jobs that even if they were not successful they could at least say to their grandchildren that they had had their own company. To raise the money they needed to build the first batch of the circuit boards, Wozniak sold his HP-65 scientific calculator while Jobs sold his Volkswagen van.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pp=4–6}}{{sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|2016|pp=35–38}}

{{external media

| image1 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20231025043509if_/https://www.apple1registry.com/images/paulterrel1.jpg Byte Shop storefront]

| image2 = [https://web.archive.org/web/20231025043744if_/https://www.apple1registry.com/images/paulterrel2.jpg The prototype shown to Terrell]

| image3 = [https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/725/13190725/upload-upload-04-pic4_zoom-1000x1000-18187-pic4_zoom-1500x1500-65192.jpg Wozniak and Jobs with an Apple I]

}}

After the company was formed a month later, Jobs and Wozniak gave a presentation of the fully assembled "Apple Computer A" at the Homebrew Computer Club.{{sfn|Schlender|Tetzeli|2016|pp=39–40}}{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxfzhiSHoxw|date=August 21, 2024|title=Apple 1: The Computer That Started Everything|author=NationSquid|work=YouTube|access-date=December 13, 2024}} Paul Terrell, who was starting a new computer shop in Mountain View, California, called the Byte Shop,{{cite book |last1= Wozniak |first1= Steve |last2= Smith |first2= Gina |author2-link= Gina Smith (author) |year= 2006 |title= iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn= 0-393-06143-4 |oclc= 502898652 |title-link= iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It }} saw the presentation and was impressed by the machine.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=66–67}}{{sfn|Swaine|2014|pages=336–338}} Terrell told Jobs that he would order 50 units of the Apple I and pay $500 each{{efn|{{Inflation|US|500|1976|fmt=eq|r=-2}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}}} on delivery, but only if they came fully assembled{{snd}}he was not interested in buying bare printed circuit boards with no components.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=7}}{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|pp=66–67}}{{Cite book |last1=Young |first1=Jeffrey |url=https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/35 |title=iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business |last2=William L. Simon |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-471-72083-6 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |page=[https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/35 35] |url-access=registration}}{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|page=7}}{{sfn|Swaine|2014|pages=336–338}}

Jobs took the purchase order from the Byte Shop to national electronic parts distributor Cramer Electronics, and ordered the components needed. When asked by the credit manager how he would pay for the parts, Jobs replied, "I have this purchase order from the Byte Shop chain of computer stores for 50 of my computers and the payment terms are COD. If you give me the parts on net 30-day terms I can build and deliver the computers in that time frame, collect my money from Terrell at the Byte Shop and pay you."{{Cite book |first1=Steve |last1=Wozniak |title=iWoz: The Autobiography of the Man Who Started the Computer Revolution |first2=Gina |last2=Smith |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7553-1408-9 |page=189|publisher=Headline Publishing }}{{Cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Gregg |last2=Moore |first2=Rob |date=December 1984 |title=The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History |pages=A67 |work=BYTE |type=interview |url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n461/mode/2up |access-date=October 23, 2013}}

To verify the purchase order, the credit manager called Paul Terrell, who assured him if the computers showed up, Jobs would have more than enough money for the parts order. The two Steves and their small crew spent day and night building and testing the computers, and delivered to Terrell on time. Terrell was surprised to receive a batch of assembled circuit boards, as he had expected complete computers with a case, monitor and keyboard.{{sfn|Isaacson|2015|pages=67–68}}{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pages=8–10}} Nonetheless, he kept his word and paid the two Steves the money promised.{{sfn|Isaacson|2015|pages=67–68}}{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|pages=8–10}}{{Cite book |last1=Young |first1=Jeffrey |url=https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/36 |title=iCon Steve Jobs: The Greatest Second Act in the History of Business |last2=William L. Simon |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-471-72083-6 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |page=[https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/36 36] |url-access=registration}}

File:Apple 1 Advertisement Oct 1976.jpg

The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 at a price of {{USD|666.66}}.{{efn|{{Inflation|US|666.66|1976|fmt=eq|r=-2}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}}} Wozniak later said he had no idea about the relation between the number and the number of the beast, and that he came up with the price because he liked "repeating digits"{{cite news |first=Goran |last=Blazeski |title=Apple-1, Steve Wozniak's hand-built creation, was Apple's first official product, priced at $666.66 |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66/ |website=The Vintage News |date=November 25, 2017 |access-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726090158/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/11/25/apples-first-official-product-was-priced-at-666-66/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/1606-2-5937610.html|title=Video: Wozniak: {{US$|long=no|500.66}} seemed like a good idea|date=November 7, 2005|publisher=CNET News|access-date=February 19, 2009|archive-date=October 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008062621/http://news.cnet.com/1606-2-5937610.html|url-status=dead}} and because it was a one-third markup on the {{US$|long=no|500}} wholesale price.{{sfn|Wozniak|2006|page=180}} Jobs had managed to get the inventory into the nation's first four storefront microcomputer retailers: Byte Shop (Palo Alto, California), itty bitty machine company (Evanston, Illinois), Data Domain (Bloomington, Indiana), and Computer Mart (New York City).{{Cite web |last=Dr. Webster |date=27 August 2012 |title=Chapter 1: Apple History (Ray Borrill interview) |url=https://www.applefritter.com/replica/chapter1 |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=applefritter |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922145735/https://www.applefritter.com/replica/chapter1 |url-status=live }}

The first unit produced was used in a high school math class, and donated to Liza Loop's public-access computer center.{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Daniel|title=MIT Technology Review|journal=MIT Technology Review|date=May 1, 2007|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/hack/407810/hack-the-apple-i/|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=April 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413161926/http://www.technologyreview.com/hack/407810/hack-the-apple-i/|url-status=live}} About 200 units were produced, and all but 25 were sold within nine or ten months.

In April 1977, the price was dropped to $475.{{efn|{{Inflation|US|475|1977|fmt=eq|r=-2}}{{Inflation/fn|US}}}}{{cite web|url = http://www.applefritter.com/node/2703|title = April 1977 Price List - Applefritter|website = www.applefritter.com|access-date = March 27, 2018|archive-date = April 25, 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090425021739/http://applefritter.com/node/2703|url-status = live}} It continued to be sold through August 1977, despite the introduction of the Apple II in April 1977, which began shipping in June of that year.{{cite web|url=http://www.applefritter.com/node/2715|title=Bill of Sale - Applefritter|website=www.applefritter.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=April 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426001601/http://www.applefritter.com/node/2715|url-status=live}} In October 1977, the Apple I was officially discontinued and removed from Apple's price list.{{cite web|url=http://www.applefritter.com/node/2707|title=October 1977 Price List - Applefritter|website=www.applefritter.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=April 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425035459/http://www.applefritter.com/node/2707|url-status=live}} As Wozniak was the only person who could answer most customer support questions about the computer, the company offered Apple I owners discounts and trade-ins for Apple IIs to persuade them to return their computers.{{cite web | url=http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/ | title=The Apple II, cont. | access-date=February 27, 2011 | work=Apple II History | date=December 2008 | archive-date=May 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522020820/http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/ | url-status=live }} These recovered boards were then destroyed by Apple, contributing to their later rarity.{{cite web | url=http://www.apple1notes.com/old_apple/Huston_Stories_files/A1%20Back%20Story.htm | title=The Huston brothers' Apple-1 Back Story | access-date=June 25, 2013 | archive-date=October 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015359/http://www.apple1notes.com/old_apple/Huston_Stories_files/A1%20Back%20Story.htm | url-status=live }}

Both Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak have stated that Apple did not assign serial numbers to the Apple l. Several boards have been found with numbered stickers affixed to them, which appear to be inspection stickers from the PCB manufacturer/assembler. A batch of boards is known to have numbers hand-written in black permanent marker on the back; these usually appear as "01-00##". As of January 2022, 29 Apple-1s with a serial number are known. The highest known number is {{not a typo|01–0079}}. Two original Apple-1s have been analyzed by Professional Sports Authenticator in Los Angeles, concluding that the serial numbers had been hand-written by Steve Jobs.{{cite web|title=The Apple 1 Registry - THE SOLVED RIDDLE OF THE SERIAL NUMBER|url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/serial.html|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=February 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211234155/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/serial.html|url-status=live}}

{{multiple image|perrow = 2|total_width=300

| image1 = Apple 1 mfk bern.jpeg

| image2 = Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer In A Briefcase.JPG

| image3 = Apple I Computer.jpg

| image4 = Museum-Enter-Apple-1-6094652.jpg

| footer = A variety of Apple I cases supplied by customers. The Apple I did not include a stock case, so customers had to supply their own.

}}

The Apple I used a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at {{val|1.022727|ul=MHz}}, and its design was based largely on Wozniak's previous work centered around a Motorola 6800.{{cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-1-the-machine-that-made-computing-history/|title=10 facts about the Apple-1, the machine that made computing history|first=Michelle|last=Starr|date=June 29, 2016|accessdate=February 9, 2022|publisher=cNet|archive-date=February 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209214024/https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-1-the-machine-that-made-computing-history/|url-status=live}} The unconventional clock speed was chosen to be a fraction ({{frac|2|7}}) of the NTSC color carrier, which simplified video circuitry. {{val|4|u=KB}} of memory was included on the base machine, which was expandable to {{val|8|u=KB}} on-board and up to {{val|64|u=KB}} by using an add-on card. On-board memory utilized newly available 4Kbit DRAM chips, and was designed to be upgradeable to the next generation of 16Kbit chips for a maximum of {{val|32|u=KB}} on-board memory.[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Apple_1_Advertisement_Oct_1976.jpg Apple I advertisement Oct 1978] An optional $75 plug-in cassette interface card allowed users to store programs on ordinary audio cassette tapes. A BASIC interpreter, originally written by Wozniak, was provided with the cassette interface that let users easily write programs and play simple games. An onboard AC power supply was included.

The Apple I did not come with a case. It could be used bare, although some users chose to build custom (typically wooden) enclosures.{{cite web |title=The Apple 1 Case |url=https://www.thegeekpub.com/275777/apple-1-case/ |website=The Geek Pub |date=September 16, 2021 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918175500/https://www.thegeekpub.com/275777/apple-1-case/ |url-status=live }}

File:Apple-1-wozmon-ready-prompt.gif

The Apple I included built-in computer terminal circuitry with composite video output. To use the computer, a user-supplied composite monitor and ASCII-encoded keyboard needed to be connected. If a monitor was not available, a standard television set could be used along with an RF modulator. In comparison, competing machines generally required an expensive dedicated video display terminal or teletypewriter. This, combined with its single-board construction, made the Apple I an elegant and inexpensive machine for its day, though competitors such as the Sol-20 and Sphere 1 offered similar feature sets.

{{multiple image

| image1 = Apple I 2513.jpg

| alt1 = A close-up of the top-left portion of the Apple I motherboard. The chips are arranged in a grid. One chip is larger than the rest and is placed horizontally rather than vertically.

| caption1 = The large, horizontal chip on the top-left of the main board is the Signetics 2513 character generator.

| image2 = Signetics-2513.png

| alt2 = A table with four rows of 16 pixelated characters. There is no room for lowercase letters. The square bracket characters are noticeably thicker than the other symbols.

| caption2 = The Apple I character set

| direction = vertical

}}

{{anchor|Apple I character set}}The computer generated its video output using a shift register memory and a Signetics 2513 64×8×5 Character Generator.{{Cite web |last=Shirriff |first=Ken |title=Inside the Apple-1's shift-register memory |url=http://www.righto.com/2022/04/inside-apple-1s-shift-register-memory.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606065258/http://www.righto.com/2022/04/inside-apple-1s-shift-register-memory.html |archive-date=2023-06-06 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Ken Shirriff's blog}} It was capable of displaying uppercase characters, numbers and basic punctuation and math symbols with a 5x8 pixel font:{{Cite web | url=https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | title=Datasheet Archive 2513 datasheet download | access-date=April 22, 2022 | archive-date=June 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617123616/https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | url-status=live }}

{{legend|#EFF|Symbols and punctuation}}

{{Listen image

| main_image = Apple Cassette Interface.jpg

| main_image_caption = The Apple Cassette Interface expansion card. There are two phone connector ports for reading and writing programs to a connected cassette deck.

| main_image_alt = A green circuit board with six chips in a row. There are two phone jacks in the top-left corner. A gold edge connector runs along the bottom of the board.

| filename = Apple Cassette Interface BASIC.wav

| title = Apple BASIC cassette tape

| description = This cassette tape was distributed with the Apple I. Playing this file into an Apple Cassette Interface will load Apple BASIC.

}}

A cassette interface was available in the form of an optional add-on for the Apple I's expansion slot. A cassette deck plugged in to the expansion's phone connector ports could be written to and read from as a form of removable storage. The only alternative to the interface for loading programs was typing machine code by hand, making the add-on "ubiquitous".{{sfn|Owad|2005|p=3}}

The expansion came with a free cassette tape containing Steve Wozniak's Integer BASIC interpreter. Other software tapes were supplied "at minimal cost" including ported video games such as Hamurabi, Lunar Lander and Star Trek.

File:LCM+L Working Apple I.jpg where guests were allowed to use it]]

Only about 200 Apple I boards were produced, and {{as of|2022|08|lc=y}} the whereabouts of 62 to 82 are known.{{cite web|title=The Apple 1 Registry|url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/list.html|access-date=February 16, 2022|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216213001/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/list.html|url-status=live}} After the success of the Apple II, and of Apple broadly, the Apple I was recognized as an important historical computer.{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Michelle |date=June 29, 2016 |title=10 facts about the Apple-1, the machine that made computing history |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/apple-1-the-machine-that-made-computing-history/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=CNET |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Clive |date=March 2016 |title=Steve Wozniak's Apple I Booted Up a Tech Revolution |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/steve-wozniaks-apple-i-booted-up-tech-revolution-180958112/ |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}} According to the 1986 Apple IIe Owner's Guide, an Apple I was then worth "between $10,000 and $15,000"{{efn|equivalent to between ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|10000|1986|r=-3}}}} and ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|15000|1986|r=-3}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}{{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}}}{{cite web |title=Apple IIe Owner's Guide |url=https://www.apple.asimov.net/documentation/hardware/machines/Apple%20IIe%20Owner's%20Guide.pdf#page=130 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.apple.asimov.net/documentation/hardware/machines/Apple%20IIe%20Owner's%20Guide.pdf#page=130 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |publisher=Apple Computer |page=112}} and a board was reportedly sold for $50,000 in 1999.{{efn|{{Inflation|US-GDP|50000|1999|fmt=eq|r=-3}}{{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}}}{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}

In November 2010, an Apple I with a cache of original documents and packaging sold for £133,250 (${{To USD round|133250|GBR|2010|sf=3}}){{efn|equivalent to £{{Format price|{{Inflation|UK-GDP|133250|2010|r=-3}}}} (${{To USD round|{{Inflation|UK-GDP|133250|2010}}|GBR|{{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}|sf=3}}) in {{Inflation/year|UK-GDP}}{{Inflation/fn|UK-GDP}}}} at Christie's auction house in London. The documents included the return label showing Steve Jobs's parents' address, a personally typed and signed letter from Jobs (answering technical questions about the computer), and the invoice (listing "Steven" as the salesman). The computer was brought to Polytechnic University of Turin for restoration.{{cite news|last=BBC News|title=First Apple computer fetches £130,000 at auction|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11825954|work=BBC News|access-date=June 16, 2012|date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617032729/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11825954|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Christie's Sale 7882 / Lot 65|url=http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5370965&sid=1d221fae-dbba-4746-9922-8ca3e066b4bf|publisher=Christie's|access-date=June 16, 2012|archive-date=March 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316215034/http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5370965&sid=1d221fae-dbba-4746-9922-8ca3e066b4bf|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Heater|first=Brian|title=$211,000 Apple-1 up and running, wants to know what this 'cloud' thing is all about|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/05/10/211-000-apple-1-up-and-running-wants-to-know-what-this-cloud/|work=engadget|date=May 10, 2011 |publisher=engadget.com|access-date=June 16, 2012|archive-date=May 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529182405/http://www.engadget.com/2011/05/10/211-000-apple-1-up-and-running-wants-to-know-what-this-cloud/|url-status=live}}

In October 2014 the Henry Ford Museum purchased an Apple I at a Bonhams auction for {{US$|long=no|905000}}.{{efn|equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|905000|2014}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}{{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}}} The sale included the keyboard, monitor, cassette decks and a manual.{{cite web|title=Apple-1 computer sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|905000}}|url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/10/22/apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-905000|publisher=Fox News|access-date=October 22, 2014|archive-date=October 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024022016/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/10/22/apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-905000/|url-status=live}} In 2017, an Apple I removed from Steve Jobs's office in 1985 by Apple quality control engineer Don Hutmacher was placed on display at Living Computers: Museum + Labs.{{cite web|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Rare-Apple-I-exhibit-in-the-heart-of-Microsoft-11071672.php|title=Rare Apple I exhibit in the heart of Microsoft country|website=seattlepi.com|date=April 13, 2017|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=February 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131926/https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Rare-Apple-I-exhibit-in-the-heart-of-Microsoft-11071672.php|url-status=live}}

On May 30, 2015, an elderly woman reportedly dropped off boxes of electronics for disposal at an electronics recycling center in the Silicon Valley of Northern California. Included in the electronics (removed from her garage after the death of her husband) was an original Apple I computer, which the recycling firm sold for {{US$|long=no|200000}}. When a discarded item is sold, it is the company's practice to give 50% of the proceeds to the original owner, but the woman has not been identified.{{cite web |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/06/02/global-search-for-mysterious-apple-i-woman-ropes-in-company-co-founder-steve-wozniak/ |title=Global search for mysterious Apple I woman ropes in company co-founder Steve Wozniak |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe |date=June 2, 2015 |website=Mercury News |publisher= |access-date=October 23, 2023 |quote=}}

Apple I computers with original documents and memorabilia have frequently been auctioned for over $300,000 throughout the 2010s{{cite news|last=Austin|first=Scott|title=Original Apple 1 Computer Sells for {{US$|long=no|374500}} in Auction|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/06/15/original-apple-1-computer-sells-for-374500-in-auction/|access-date=June 16, 2012|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 15, 2012|url-access=subscription|archive-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617000536/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/06/15/original-apple-1-computer-sells-for-374500-in-auction/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/working-apple-1-sells-at-auction-for-record-breaking-671400/|title=How much?! Working Apple-1 sells at auction for record-breaking {{US$|long=no|671400}}|date=May 27, 2013|website=digitaltrends.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=December 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003719/http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/working-apple-1-sells-at-auction-for-record-breaking-671400/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Vintage Apple computer auctioned off for {{US$|long=no|668000}}|url=https://news.yahoo.com/vintage-apple-computer-auctioned-off-668-000-153151365.html|publisher=Yahoo News|access-date=May 25, 2013|archive-date=June 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608021801/http://news.yahoo.com/vintage-apple-computer-auctioned-off-668-000-153151365.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45647449|title=Original working Apple I computer fetches {{US$|long=no|375000}} at auction|last=Lee|first=David|date=September 25, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=September 26, 2018|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925224824/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45647449|url-status=live}} and 2020s.{{Cite web|title=Rare functional Apple-1 computer sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|458711}}|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/13/rare-functional-apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-458711|work=Apple Insider|date=March 13, 2020 |access-date=March 13, 2020|archive-date=March 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314140138/https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/13/rare-functional-apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-458711|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|date=2021-11-10|title=Apple's original computer fetches {{US$|long=no|400000}} at US auction|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-59222749|access-date=2021-11-10|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110055255/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-59222749|url-status=live}} The production prototype for the Apple I survives in a badly damaged state and was itself auctioned in 2022 for $677,196.{{cite web | last=Associated Press | date=August 19, 2022 | url=https://www.kktv.com/2022/08/19/jobs-apple-1-computer-prototype-auctioned-nearly-700k/ | title=Jobs' Apple-1 computer prototype auctioned for nearly $700K | work=KKTV.com | publisher=Gray Television, Inc. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824212749/https://www.kktv.com/2022/08/19/jobs-apple-1-computer-prototype-auctioned-nearly-700k/ | archivedate=August 24, 2022 | access-date=August 24, 2022 | url-status=live }}{{cite web | last=Szondy | first=David | date=July 24, 2022 | url=https://newatlas.com/computers/lost-apple-computer-prototype-goes-auction-block/ | title= "Lost" Apple computer prototype goes on the auction block | work=New Atlas | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725000305/https://newatlas.com/computers/lost-apple-computer-prototype-goes-auction-block/ | archivedate=July 25, 2022}}{{cite web | date=July 2022 | url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/2.html | title='Production prototype Computer A' Apple-1 - number 2 in the Registry | work=Apple-1 Registry | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723081821/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/2.html | archivedate=July 23, 2022}}{{cite web | last=Staff writer | date=July 23, 2022 | url=https://www.kktv.com/2022/07/23/steve-jobs-original-apple-computer-prototype-up-auction/ | title=Steve Jobs' original Apple computer prototype up for auction | work=KKTV.com | publisher=Gray Television, Inc. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723050537/https://www.kktv.com/2022/07/23/steve-jobs-original-apple-computer-prototype-up-auction/ | archivedate=July 23, 2022 | agency=CNN}}

{{see also|Replica 1}}

Several Apple I clones and replicas have been released in recent years. These are created by hobbyists and marketed to the hobbyist/collector community. Availability is usually limited to small runs in response to demand.[http://www.applefritter.com/briel replica I – the apple I(c) clone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507212803/http://www.applefritter.com/briel |date=May 7, 2009 }}, retrieved August 15, 2009[http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=4 replica I] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120045545/http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=4 |date=January 20, 2010 }} at official Briel computers web site, retrieved August 15, 2008{{cite web |last=Gagne |first=Ken |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9136257/Image_gallery_Building_an_Apple_1_replica_from_scratch |title=Image gallery: Building an Apple-1 replica from scratch |work=Computerworld |date=2009-08-14 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-date=August 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816163818/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9136257/Image_gallery_Building_an_Apple_1_replica_from_scratch |url-status=live }} story with pictures for assembling a Briel replica I from a kit{{sfn|Owad|2005}}{{cite web|url=http://mdesk.ru/a1/|title=Apple I (реплика)|website=mdesk.ru|language=ru|trans-title=Apple I (replica)|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717131021/http://mdesk.ru/a1/|url-status=live}}{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Apple1clone Spartan |url=http://apple1clone.com/ |website=Apple1clone |publisher=Justin McDermid |access-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206020410/http://apple1clone.com/ |url-status=live }} Retrieved December 1, 2022

Emulation software for the Apple I has been written for modern home computers[http://pom1.sourceforge.net Pom1 Apple 1 Emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826151236/http://pom1.sourceforge.net/ |date=August 26, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013[http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/cocoapom.html CocoaPom Apple 1 Emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604111036/http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/cocoapom.html |date=June 4, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013[http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/sim6502.html Sim6502 Apple I emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114223827/http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/sim6502.html |date=November 14, 2013 }} retrieved July 17, 2013 and for web browsers. It has also been emulated on 1980s era computers including the SAM Coupé[http://simonowen.com/sam/apple1emu/ Apple 1 Emulator - SAM Coupé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127044234/http://simonowen.com/sam/apple1emu/ |date=November 27, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013 and Commodore 64.{{cite web | url=http://csdb.dk/release/?id=118857 | title=Green Delicious Apple-1 Emulator | access-date=February 28, 2018 | archive-date=February 28, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161920/http://csdb.dk/release/?id=118857 | url-status=live }}

• Computer museum
• History of computer science
• History of computing
• KIM-1

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist

|refs =

{{cite news

| url = http://www.scullinsteel.com/apple1/

| title = Apple 1js: An Apple 1 Emulator in JavaScript

| access-date = January 28, 2015

| archive-date = April 7, 2015

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150407014704/http://www.scullinsteel.com/apple1/

| url-status = live

}}

{{cite news

|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/apple-1-computer-worth-200k-left-at-recycling-centre-1.3094519

|title = Apple 1 computer worth $200K left at recycling centre

|publisher = CBC News

|date = 2015-05-31

|access-date = 2015-05-31

|agency = Associated Press

|quote = A recycling centre in the Silicon Valley is looking for a woman who dropped off an old Apple computer that turned out to be a collectible item worth $200,000 US.

|archive-date = May 31, 2015

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150531141711/http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/apple-1-computer-worth-200k-left-at-recycling-centre-1.3094519

|url-status = live

}}

{{cite news

|url = http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/30/mystery-woman-dumps-rare-collectable-apple-computer-worth-200k-at-recycling-center/

|title = Mystery Woman Dumps Rare, Collectable Apple Computer Worth $200K At Recycling Center

|work = CBS News

|date = 2015-05-30

|location = Milpitas

|access-date = 2015-05-31

|archive-date = June 2, 2015

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602221843/http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/30/mystery-woman-dumps-rare-collectable-apple-computer-worth-200k-at-recycling-center/

|url-status = live

}}

}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book|last=Isaacson|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Isaacson|title=Steve Jobs |year=2011 |publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9 |title-link=Steve Jobs (book)}}
• {{Cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |title=Steve Jobs |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2015 |isbn=9781501127625}}

• {{cite book |last=Owad |first=Tom |author-link= |date=2005 |title=Apple I Replica Creation: Back to the Garage |isbn=1-931836-40-X |url=http://www.applefritter.com/replica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430051642/http://www.applefritter.com/replica |archive-date=April 30, 2009 |url-status=live |location=Rockland, Mass. |publisher=Syngress Publishing}}

• {{cite book |last=Price |first=Rob |year=1987 |title=So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision |location=Cupertino, Calif. |publisher=Apple Computer |isbn=1-55693-974-4}}

• {{cite book |title=Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader|first1=Brent |last1=Schlender |first2=Rick |last2=Tetzeli|date=2016 |publisher=Crown Business; Reprint edition|isbn=9780385347426}}
• {{Cite book |last=Swaine |first=Michael |title=Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer |publisher=Pragmatic Bookshelf |year=2014 |isbn=9781680503524}}

{{refend}}

{{commons category|Apple I}}

• [http://www.applefritter.com/apple1 Apple I Owners Club]
• [https://www.applefritter.com/files/a1man.pdf Apple I Operational Manual] ([https://archive.org/details/applei_manual/mode/1up browse])
• [https://www.retroplace.com/de/feature/operation-manuell/161 German making-of article to recreate the Apple I Operational Manual]
• [http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/apple1/ Apple I project on www.sbprojects.com]
• [https://www.Apple1Registry.com Apple 1 Computer Registry]
• [http://apple1computer.blogspot.com John Calande III blog – Building the Apple I clone, including corrections on the early history of Apple Computer]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20151005035147/http://cameronscloset.com/category/apple-1 Apple 1 | Cameron's Closet] – includes display of the Apple 1's character set on real hardware, compared to on most emulators
• {{cite web |first=Ken |last=Shirriff |title=Inside the Apple-1's unusual MOS clock driver chip |date=March 2022 |url=http://www.righto.com/2022/03/inside-apple-1s-unusual-mos-clock.html}}

{{Apple hardware before 1998}}

{{Apple hardware}}

{{Woz}}

{{Portal bar|Computer programming|Electronics|Engineering|Internet|Technology|Manufacturing}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Computer-related introductions in 1976

Category:Apple II family

I

Category:Early microcomputers

Category:6502-based home computers

Category:Products and services discontinued in 1977

Category:Discontinued Apple Inc. products

Category:Steve Jobs