Auto rickshaw#Pakistan

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File:1957 Daihatsu Midget 01.jpg Model DKA]]

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File:RAR soldier helps push-start a Lambretta at Nui Dat.jpg

In the 1930s Japan, which was the most industrialized country in Asia at the time, encouraged the development of motorized vehicles including less expensive three-wheeled vehicles based on motorcycles. The Mazda-Go, a 3-wheel open "truck" released in 1931,{{cite web |url=https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/stories/greatcar/mazda-go/ |title=Great Cars of Mazda: Mazda-Go 3-wheeled Trucks (1931〜) |publisher=Mazda Motor Corporation |archive-date=2019-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124028/https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/stories/greatcar/mazda-go/}} is often considered the first of what became auto rickshaws. Later that decade the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of Japan distributed about 20,000 used three-wheelers to Southeast Asia as part of efforts to expand its influence in the region.[http://www.takaharabooks.com/item/0000810000000037.asp ミゼット物語 木村信之 著 高原書店](Nobuyuki Kimura "Story of Midget", Published on 10 November 1998)Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. public relations section{{cite news |date=2007-11-19 |script-title=ja:NPOみらいネットワーク寄附講座、ホテル観光学科の学生に日タイ関係をピーアール 日本での就職機会に関心 |url=http://www.bangkokshuho.com/archive/2007/weekly/07archives/keizai1297.htm#11 |newspaper=Bangkok Shuho |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430140101/http://www.bangkokshuho.com/archive/2007/weekly/07archives/keizai1297.htm#11 |archive-date=2009-04-30}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20230803040455/https://site.thaiembassy.jp/ /index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=321:2009-11-30-05-34-59&catid=54:2009-09-09-07-52-31&Itemid=232 Royal Thai Embassy Tokyo, Japan] 日本生まれのタイのトゥクトゥク (Tuk-Tuk of Thailand was born in Japan.) They became popular in some areas, especially Thailand, which developed local manufacturing and design after the Japanese government abolished the three-wheeler license in Japan in 1965.{{cite web |url=https://www.desiam.com/blogs/post/Tuk-Tuk |title=Tuk-Tuk, Thailand's most notorious mode of transport - deSIAM |website=www.desiam.com |access-date=2020-03-26 |archive-date=2020-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923223106/https://www.desiam.com/blogs/post/Tuk-Tuk |url-status=dead}}

Production in Southeast Asia started from the knockdown production of the Daihatsu Midget, which was introduced in 1959.{{cite web |url=http://route0030.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-147.html |title=【ダイハツ ミゼット DKA / DSA型】 幌付3輪スクーター型トラック 旧式商用車図鑑 |website=route0030.blog.fc2.com}} An exception is the indigenously modified Philippine tricycle, which originates from the Rikuo Type 97 motorcycle with a sidecar, introduced to the islands in 1941 by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

In Europe, Corradino D'Ascanio, aircraft designer at Piaggio and inventor of the Vespa, came up with the idea of building a light three-wheeled commercial vehicle to power Italy's post-war economic reconstruction. The Piaggio Ape followed suit in 1947. Also Innocenti another leading Scooter manucacturer came up with their Lambretta line of three wheelers in cargo version, later adopted as passenger version by its Indian colloborator Automobile Products of India.

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Locally named the "tuktuk", the rickshaw is used as a means of transportation in most parts of Egypt. It is generally rare to find in some affluent and newer parts of cities such as New Cairo and Heliopolis; and on highways due to police control and enforcement.

Together with the recent boom of recreational facilities in Gaza for the local residents, donkey carts have all but been displaced by tuk-tuks in 2010. Due to the ban by Egypt and Israel on the import of most motorised vehicles, the tuk-tuks have had to be smuggled in parts through the tunnel network connecting Gaza with Egypt.{{cite web |url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=314523 | title=Tuk Tuks replace mules on Gaza streets | access-date=2011-03-22 | date=12 September 2010 | publisher=Maan News Agency}}

Due to extreme congestion in Baghdad and other Iraqi cities combined with the insensible cost of vehicles in relation to frequent violence, rickshaws have been imported from India in large numbers to provide taxi service and other purposes, in stark contrast to previous attitudes of the pre-U.S. 2003 invasion eras with rickshaws being disdained and sedans being held in high regard as a status symbol. Rickshaws have been noted for being instrumental in political protest revolts.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/world/mundane-autos-in-india-hero-tuk-tuks-in-iraq-779539.html |title=Mundane autos in India, hero tuk-tuks in Iraq |work=Deccan Herald |date=25 November 2019 |access-date=31 January 2024}}{{cite news |url=https://theprint.in/global-pulse/how-indian-manufactured-auto-rickshaws-became-a-symbol-of-iraqi-protests/326463/ |title=How Indian manufactured auto-rickshaws became a symbol of Iraqi protests |work=ThePrint |last=Shukla |first=Srijan |date=26 November 2019 |access-date=31 January 2024}}{{cite news |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/in-congested-baghdad-iraqis-turn-to-3-wheel-tuk-tuks-/1286855 |title=In congested Baghdad, Iraqis turn to 3-wheel 'tuk-tuks' |work=Anadolu Agency |last=Alhas |first=Ali Murat}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/how-tuk-tuk-drivers-became-unlikely-heroes-iraq-s-popular-n1082021 |title=How tuk-tuk drivers became the unlikely heroes of Iraq's popular revolt |work=NBC News |last=Vitalone |first=Vivi |date=14 November 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024}}{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/01/why-humble-tuk-tuk-has-become-symbol-iraqs-uprising/ |title=The humble three-wheeled tuk-tuk has become the symbol of Iraq's uprising |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1 November 2024 |access-date=31 January 2024 |last1=Salim |first1=Mustafa |last2=Berger |first2=Miriam}}

In Madagascar, man-powered rickshaws are a common form of transportation in a number of cities, especially Antsirabe. They are known as "posy" from pousse-pousse, meaning push-push. Cycle rickshaws took off since 2006 in a number of flat cities like Toamasina and replaced the major part of the posy, and are now threatened by the auto rickshaws, introduced in 2009. Provincial capitals like Toamasina, Mahajanga, Toliara, and Antsiranana are taking to them rapidly.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}} They are known as "bajaji" in the north and "tuk-tuk" or "tik-tik" in the east, and are now licensed to operate as taxis.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}} They are not yet allowed an operating licence in the congested, and more polluted national capital, Antananarivo.{{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}{{cite book | title=Madagascar, Volume 15 of Cultures of the World Cultures of the World{{Snd}} Group 15 | publisher=Marshall Cavendish |author1=Jay Heale |author2=Zawiah Abdul Latif | year=2008 | pages=75–76 | isbn=978-0761430360 | edition=2}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNax15GoPIkC&q=pousse-pousse&pg=PT59 | title=Madagascar Travel Guide | publisher=Lonely Planet | access-date=2013-04-13 | year=2012 | edition=7 | isbn=978-1743213018 }}{{cite news |date=2014-05-30 |title='Bajaj' à Mahajanga : Entre 70 et 100 clients par jour |url=http://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/societe/2014/05/30/bajaj-mahajanga-70-100-clients-jour/ |work=Midi Madagasikara |language=fr}}

In Morocco, there are Auto-rickshaws in Rabat, Casablanca and Marrakesh.

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The auto rickshaw is used to provide transportation in cities all over Nigeria. Popularity and use varies across the country. In Lagos, for example, the "keke" (Hausa for bicycle) is regulated and transportation around the state's highways is prohibited while in Kano it's popularly known as "Adaidaita Sahu".{{cite news |url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/11/16/lagos-bans-okada-keke-520-roads-areas-full-list/ |title=Lagos bans okada, keke from 520 roads, areas [Full list] |first=Wale |last=Odunsi|date=16 November 2017 |work=Daily Post}}

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File:Tuk-Tuk in Hermanus, South Africa (2014).jpg, South Africa (2014)]]

Tuk-tuks, introduced in Durban{{cite web |url=http://zululandtourism.co.za/Durban.html |title=Durban offers beaches and cultural diversity |publisher=Zululand Tourism |access-date=22 September 2015 |quote=Tuk Tuks: Mororised, covered tricycles which carry up to six passengers. Ideal for short 'hops' between the beachfront and city centre. |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522232700/http://zululandtourism.co.za/Durban.html |url-status=dead }} in the late 1980s, have enjoyed growing popularity in recent years, particularly in Gauteng.{{cite web |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-01-18-cheap-cheap-tuk-tuk-taxis-take-off |title=Cheap-cheap tuk-tuk taxis take over Jozi |last1=Steyn |first1=Lisa |date=18 January 2013 |access-date=22 September 2015 |quote=Tuk-tuks, also known as auto rickshaws, are becoming an increasingly common sight on South Africa's roads because people are trying to travel short distances at lower costs than driving and at less risk than walking.}} In Cape Town they are used to deliver groceries and, more recently, transport tourists.{{cite web |url=http://insideguide.co.za/tuk-tuks-cape-town/ |title=Tuk-tuks are coming to Cape Town |last=Ryan |first=Tamlyn |date=September 2016 |publisher=Inside Guide |access-date=2017-03-18 |archive-date=2017-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814155835/http://insideguide.co.za/tuk-tuks-cape-town/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2017/01/25/Buddibox-grocery-delivery-programme-set-to-create-10000-young-entrepreneurs-in-Gauteng1 |title=Buddibox grocery delivery programme set to create 10,000 young entrepreneurs in Gauteng |last=Govender |first=Suthentira |date=2017-01-25 |work=TimesLIVE}}

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File:Seen at Hamad Elnil.jpg, Sudan]]

Rickshaws, known as "Raksha" in Sudan, are the most common means of transportation, followed by the bus, in the capital Khartoum.

Locally known as "bajaji", they are a common mode of transportation in Dar es Salaam, and many other cities and villages.{{cite web |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201203070675.html |title=Tanzania: Bajaji, Dar es Salaam's Indispensable Taxi |last=Kalagho |first=Kenan |date=13 February 2012 |website=AllAfrica |access-date=22 September 2015 |quote=Until the year 2010 Dar es Salaam had no room for the Indian Bajaji and or a tricycle to be used as a means of transporting passengers. Today it is a common feature around Dar es Salaam.}}

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A local delivery company called as Sokowatch in 2020 began a pilot project using electric tuk-tuks, to cut pollution.{{Cite web |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/04/gayam-motor-works-sokowatch-launch-east-africas-first-commercial-electric-tuk-tuks/ |title=Gayam Motor Works & Sokowatch Launch East Africa's First Commercial Electric Tuk-Tuks |first=Remeredzai Joseph |last=Kuhudzai |date=4 December 2020 |website=CleanTechnica}}

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Hende Moto EV & Taxi company was founded in 2019 by Devine Mafa, an American-Zimbabwean businessman. Hende Moto taxis were first introduced in Zimbabwe as the first vehicle manufactured by Zimbabwean three-wheeler manufacturing company Hende Moto Pvt Ltd. The first Hende Moto Taxi was introduced in Kwekwe in August 2019, and thereafter in Victoria Falls City and then Harare in 2019. Hende Moto is also the manufacturer of the first Zimbabwean-made electric passenger three-wheeled vehicle. It operates on a lithium-ion battery that has a range of 70 miles on a 6-hour charge.

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Auto rickshaws are very common in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad, where they are popularly decorated in art and colors.{{Cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/asia-pacific/in-taliban-country-inside-the-city-of-jalalabad-1.1674001|title=In Taliban country: inside the city of Jalalabad|first=John D.|last=McHugh|newspaper=The Irish Times}} They are also popular in the northern city of Kunduz.{{Cite news|url=https://www.pajhwok.com/en/2012/05/23/auto-rickshaws-clogging-kunduz-arteries|title=Auto-rickshaws clogging Kunduz arteries|website=www.pajhwok.com|date=23 May 2012}}

{{See also|Rickshaw art in Bangladesh}}

File:Cngs dhaka.jpg, Bangladesh]]

Auto rickshaws (locally called "baby taxis" and more recently "CNGs" due to their fuel source, compressed natural gas) are one of the more popular modes of transport in Bangladesh mainly due to their size and speed. They are best suited to narrow, crowded streets, and are thus the principal means of covering longer distances within urban areas.{{cite web|last1=Lane|first1=Jo|title=Asia's love affair with the rickshaw|url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/132251/asias-love-affair-with-the-rickshaw/|website=asiancorrespondent.com|access-date=2015-07-30|archive-date=2015-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713152500/http://asiancorrespondent.com/132251/asias-love-affair-with-the-rickshaw/|url-status=dead}}

Two-stroke engines had been identified as one of the leading sources of air pollution in Dhaka. Thus, since January 2003, traditional auto rickshaws were banned from the capital; only the new natural gas-powered models (CNG) were permitted to operate within the city limits. All CNGs are painted green to signify that the vehicles are eco-friendly and that each one has a meter built-in.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2594725.stm |title=Police purge for Dhaka rickshaws |work=BBC News|date=20 December 2002 |access-date=2011-03-22}}

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File:Vishram Vada 5.JPG, India]]

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Most cities offer auto rickshaw service, Although cycle rickshaws and hand-pulled rickshaws are also available but rarely in certain remote areas, as all other cities began using auto rickshaws.

{{cite book |title=Frommer's India |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |author1=Pippa de Bruyn |author2=Keith Bain |author3=David Allardice |author4=Shonar Joshi |year=2010 |isbn=978-0470645802 |edition=Fourth}}{{Rp|15,57,156}} Many state governments have launched an initiative of women-friendly rickshaw service called the Pink Rickshaws driven by women.{{cite web |url=https://www.odishapolice.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/27.06.2015%20Pink%20Auto%20Rickshaw%20Project.pdf |title=Pink Auto Rickshaw Project |date=17 July 2019 |website=odishapolice.gov.in}} The drivers are known as the Rickshaw-wallah, auto-wallah, tuktuk-wallah or auto-kaaran in places like Tamil Nadu/Kerala . Auto-rickshaws are also known as tempos in some parts of India.{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Animesh |title=LMC drafts by-laws for tempos, e-rickshaws in Lucknow |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/lmc-drafts-by-laws-for-tempos-e-rickshaws-in-lucknow-101729189329020.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=18 October 2024}}

Auto rickshaws are used in cities and towns for short distances; they are less suited to long distances because they are slow and the carriages are open to air pollution.{{Rp|57,58,110}} Auto rickshaws (often called "autos") provide cheap and efficient transportation. Modern auto rickshaws run on electricity as government pushes for e-mobility through its FAME-II scheme, compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) due to government regulations and are environmentally friendly compared to full-sized cars.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}{{refn|Typical fuel economy for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around {{convert|35|km/L}} of petrol.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}|group="nb"}}

To augment speedy movement of traffic, auto rickshaws are not allowed in the southern part of Mumbai.{{cite book |title=Frommer's India |url=https://archive.org/details/frommersindiafro00bruy_530 |url-access=limited |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |author1=Pippa de Bruyn |author2=Keith Bain |author3=David Allardice |author4=Shonar Joshi |date=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/frommersindiafro00bruy_530/page/n121 110] |isbn=978-0470645802 |edition=Fourth}}

India is the location of the annual Rickshaw Run.

There are two types of auto rickshaws in India. In older versions the engines were below the driver's seat, while in newer versions engines are in the rear. They normally run on petrol, CNG, or diesel. The seating capacity of a normal rickshaw is four, including the driver's seat. Six-seater rickshaws exist in different parts of the country, but the model was officially banned in the city of Pune on 10 January 2003 by the Regional Transport Authority (RTA).{{cite news |title=Six seater rickshaws banned in city |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Six-seater-rickshaws-banned-in-city/articleshow/202027.cms? |newspaper=Times of India |date=25 September 2003 |access-date=2014-01-11}}

Apart from this, modern electric auto rickshaws, which run on electric motors and have high torque and loading capacity with better speed, are also gaining popularity in India. Many auto drivers moved to electric three-wheelers as the prices of CNG or Diesel is very high and that type of auto rickshaw is much costlier compared to the electric auto rickshaw. The Government is also taking actions to convert current CNG and diesel rickshaws to electric rickshaws.{{Cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Patna: Transport department to ban all diesel-run buses, auto-rickshaws from April 1 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/patna/story/transport-department-to-ban-all-diesel-run-buses-auto-rickshaws-from-april-1-1931009-2022-03-29 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=India Today |language=en}}

CNG autos in many cities (e.g. Delhi, Agra) are distinguishable from the earlier petrol-powered autos by a green and yellow livery, as opposed to the earlier black and yellow appearance. In other cities (such as Mumbai) the only distinguishing feature is the 'CNG' print found on the back or side of the auto. Some local governments are considering four-stroke engines instead of two-stroke versions.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Notable auto rickshaw manufacturers in India include Bajaj Auto, Mahindra & Mahindra, Piaggio Ape, Atul Auto, Kerala Automobiles Limited, TVS Motors and Force Motors.

In Delhi there also used to be a variant powered by a Harley-Davidson engine called the phat-phati, because of the sound it made. The story goes that shortly after Independence a stock of Harley-Davidson motorbikes were found that had been used by British troops during World War II and left behind in a military storage house in Delhi. Drivers purchased these bikes, added on a gear box (probably from a Willys jeep), welded on a passenger compartment that was good for four to six passengers, and put the unconventional vehicles onto the roads. A 1998 ruling of the Supreme Court against the use of polluting vehicles finally signed the death warrant of Delhi's phat-phatis.{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Remembering-Delhis-phat-phatis/articleshow/652374319.cms|title=Remembering Delhi's phat-phatis {{pipe}} India News |work=The Times of India}}{{cite web|url=http://olddelhiheritage.in/modes-of-transport-through-the-ages-in-shahjahanabad/|title=Transportation through the ages in Shahjahanabad|website=olddelhiheritage.in|date=18 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614191659/http://olddelhiheritage.in/modes-of-transport-through-the-ages-in-shahjahanabad/ |archive-date=14 June 2016 |url-status=usurped}}

{{As of|2022}} India has about 2.4 million battery-powered, three-wheeled rickshaws on its roads. Some 11,000 new ones hit the streets each month, creating a US$3.1 billion market. Manufacturers include Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. and Kinetic Engineering. A prerequisite for the adoption to electric vehicles is the availability of charging stations; as of early 2024, India had 12,146 public EV charging stations operational across the country.{{Cite web |title=12,146 public EV charging stations operational across the country |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2003003 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=pib.gov.in}}

File:Autorickshaw on Raj Path New Delhi.JPG|CNG green auto rickshaw in New Delhi

File:BangaloreRickshaw.jpg|A Bajaj Auto rickshaw in Bangalore

File:Piaggio Ape is king all over Kerala (28455330172).jpg|A Piaggio Ape auto rickshaw in Kerala

File:TVS tuktuk in Chennai.jpg|A TVS auto rickshaw in Chennai

File:SUN Mobility Swap Point.png|An electric rickshaw at a battery swapping point

File:Three wheeler cargotruck often used in India.jpg|Three wheeler cargo auto-rickshaw used in India

File:India auto-rickshaw tuk tuk adapted for logistics July 2007.jpg|Indian auto-rickshaw adapted with trailer

File:Erisha E Mobility Electric Autorickshaws.jpg|Erisha electric passenger and cargo Auto rickshaws in India

Generally rickshaw fares are controlled by the government,{{cite news |url=http://www.newkerala.com/news/story/12553/maharashtra-govt-refuses-to-increase-autorickshaw-taxi-fares.html |title=Maharashtra Govt refuses to increase autorickshaw, taxi fares |work=newKerala.com |agency=UNI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518132558/http://www.newkerala.com/news/story/12553/maharashtra-govt-refuses-to-increase-autorickshaw-taxi-fares.html#.Vb29wfnjI78 |archive-date=2013-05-18}} however auto (and taxi) driver unions frequently go on strike demanding fare hikes. They have also gone on strike multiple times in Delhi to protest against the government and High Court's 2012 order to install GPS systems, and even though GPS installation in public transport was made mandatory in 2015, as of 2017 compliance remains very low.{{cite news |title=Autos, taxis in Delhi to go on strike today demanding fare hike |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autos-taxis-in-delhi-to-go-on-strike/1/224911.html |newspaper=India Today |date=15 October 2012 |access-date=2017-02-19}}{{cite news |title=Delhi High Court Directs City Auto-Rickshaws To Install GPS |url=http://www.medianama.com/2012/09/223-delhi-high-court-directs-city-auto-rickshaws-to-install-gps/ |newspaper=Medianama |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=2017-02-19}}{{cite news |title=GPS installation in public transport becomes mandatory |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/GPS-installation-in-public-transport-becomes-mandatory/articleshow/47506948.cms |newspaper=Times of India |date=2 June 2015 |access-date=2017-02-19}}

The 200 cc variant of the Bajaj Auto auto rickshaw was used in the 2022 Rickshaw Run to set the record for the world's highest auto rickshaw, over the Umling La Pass, at {{convert|5798|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/auto-rickshaws-set-highest-altitude-drive-record-at-19024-feet-on-umling-la-pass-6257215.html |title=Auto Rickshaws Set Highest Altitude Drive Record at 19,024 Feet on Umling La Pass |date=22 October 2022 |website=news18.com}}{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/lifestyle/travel/auto-rickshaws-drive-on-umling-la-pass-the-highest-motorable-road-to-set-world-record-at-19024-feet/ar-AA13qxBT |title=Auto rickshaws drive on Umling La Pass, the highest motorable road, to set world record at 19,024 feet |website=MSN |date=27 October 2022}}

Auto rickshaws were a popular mode of transport in Nepal during the 1980s and 1990s, until the government banned the movement of 600 such vehicles in the early 2000s.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/406035.stm |title=Nepal Government decides to ban 3 wheeler auto rickshaws from Nepal's road |publisher=BBC |date=28 July 1999 |access-date=2011-12-06}} The earliest auto rickshaws running in Kathmandu were manufactured by Bajaj Auto.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Nepal has been a popular destination for the Rickshaw Run. The 2009 Fall Run took place in Goa, India and ended in Pokhara, Nepal.{{cite news |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/rickshaw-run-2-000km-of-adventure-from-india-to-nepal |title=Rickshaw Run on 3 Wheelers from Goa, India to Pokhara, Nepal |publisher=The National |date=29 August 2009 |access-date=2011-12-06}}

Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transport in Pakistani towns{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/m/story?id=18436950 |title=Eye-Catching Rickshaws Promote Peace in Pakistan |work=ABC News |author=Sebastian Abbot, Associated Press |date=8 February 2013 |access-date=2013-04-13}} and are mainly used for travelling short distances within cities. One of the major manufacturers of auto rickshaws is Piaggio. The government is taking measures to convert all gasoline powered auto rickshaws to cleaner CNG rickshaws by 2015 in all the major cities of Pakistan by issuing easy loans through commercial banks. Environment Canada is implementing pilot projects in Lahore, Karachi, and Quetta with engine technology developed in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada that uses CNG instead of gasoline in the two-stroke engines, in an effort to combat environmental pollution and noise levels.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}

In many cities in Pakistan, there are also motorcycle rickshaws, usually called "chand gari" (moon car) or "chingchi", after the Chinese company Jinan Qingqi Motorcycle Co. Ltd who first introduced these to the market.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

There are many rickshaw manufacturers in Pakistan. Lahore is the hub of CNG auto rickshaw manufacturing. Manufacturers include: New Asia automobile Pvt, Ltd; AECO Export Company; STAHLCO Motors; Global Sources; Parhiyar Automobiles; Global Ledsys Technologies; Siwa Industries; Prime Punjab Automobiles; Murshid Farm Industries; Sazgar Automobiles; NTN Enterprises; and Imperial Engineering Company.

File:Chingchee in Pakistan.JPG|Chingchee in Pakistan

File:RickshawPak.jpg|Auto rickshaw, Karachi

File:More Karachi Main.jpg|Auto rickshaw, Karachi

File:Auto-rickshaw on Canal Bank Road Lahore 2009-06.jpg|Auto rickshaw, Lahore

File:Tuk-Tuk Sri Lanka.jpg, Sri Lanka]]

Auto rickshaws, commonly known as three-wheelers, tuk-tuks ({{langx|si|ටුක් ටුක්, {{IPA|si|ṭuk ṭuk|pron}}}}), autos, or trishaws can be found on all roads in Sri Lanka transporting people or freight. Sri Lankan three-wheelers are of the style of the light Phnom Penh-type. Most of the three-wheelers in Sri Lanka are a slightly modified Indian Bajaj model, imported from India though there are few manufactured locally and increasingly imports from other countries in the region and other brands of three-wheelers such as Piaggio Ape. Three-wheelers were introduced to Sri Lanka for the first time around 1979 by Richard Pieris & Company. {{As of|2018|alt=As of mid-2018,}} a new gasoline powered tuk-tuk typically costs around {{US$|4,300}}, while a newly introduced Chinese electric model cost around {{US$|5,900}}.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/can-he-convince-sri-lankan-tuk-tuk-owners-to-go-green/88863|title=Can He Convince Sri Lankan Tuk-Tuk Owners to Go Green?|last=Ranasinghe|first=A.K.|date=3 September 2018|work=OZY|access-date=3 September 2018|quote=Tuk-tuks play a vital role in urban Sri Lanka's passenger transport system, providing what traffic experts call "last mile" service. Police and government workers rely on them too to navigate congested streets. In rural Sri Lanka, they are everything from taxi to ambulance.|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903193552/https://www.ozy.com/rising-stars/can-he-convince-sri-lankan-tuk-tuk-owners-to-go-green/88863|url-status=dead}} Since 2008, the Sri Lankan government has banned the import of all 2-stroke gasoline engines due to environmental concerns. Ones imported to the island now are four-stroke engines. Most three-wheelers are available as hired vehicles, with few being used to haul goods or as private company or advertising vehicles. Bajaj enjoys a virtual monopoly in the island, with its agent being David Pieries Motor Co, Ltd.{{cite web |url=http://www.indiacar.net/news/n49068.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627084927/http://www.indiacar.net/news/n49068.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-06-27 |title=Bajaj ready with 4-stroke autos for SL |publisher=Indiacar.net |access-date=2010-04-03 }} A few three-wheelers in Sri Lanka have distance meters. In the capital city it is becoming more and more common. The vast majority of fares are negotiated between the passenger and driver. There are 1.2 million trishaws in Sri Lanka and most are on financial loans.

File:PalmyraPalm & Tuktuk@Thakhek2010.jpg|Tuktuks and palmyra palms on the Mekong bank in Thakhek, Laos

File:Tuk-tuk taxi sidecar in Laos.jpg|Tuk-tuk taxi sidecar in Laos

File:Phnom Pen - Tuk Tuk (1).JPG|Tuk-tuk, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

In Cambodia, a passenger-carrying three-wheeled vehicle is known as {{lang|km|រ៉ឺម៉ក}} {{Transliteration|km|rœmâk}} from the French remorque. It is a widely used form of transportation in the capital of Phnom Penh and for visitors touring the Angkor temples in Siem Reap. Some have four wheels and is composed of a motorcycle (which leans) and trailer (which does not). Cambodian cities have a much lower volume of automobile traffic than Thai cities, and tuk-tuks are still the most common form of urban transport. There are more than 6,000 tuk-tuks in Phnom Penh, according to the Independent Democracy of Informal Economy Association (IDEA), a union that represents tuk-tuk drivers among other members.{{Cite news|url = https://www.cambodiadaily.com/archives/new-futuristic-tuk-tuks-arrive-on-the-streets-of-phnom-penh-52616/|title = New Futuristic Tuk-Tuks Arrive on the Streets of Phnom Penh|last = Wilkins|first = Emily|date = 19 February 2014|work = The Cambodia Daily|access-date = 30 January 2015|archive-date = 30 January 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150130162440/https://www.cambodiadaily.com/archives/new-futuristic-tuk-tuks-arrive-on-the-streets-of-phnom-penh-52616/|url-status = dead}}{{Clear}}

File:2016 Phnom Penh, Kambodżański tuk-tuk (02).jpg|

File:Tuk tuks at Kratie - panoramio.jpg|

File:Tuk Tuk Gắn Xe Máy.jpg|

File:Cambodian transport 03 Tuk-tuk.jpg|

File:Tuk-tuk in Phnom Penh.jpg|

In Indonesia, auto rickshaws are popular in Jakarta as Bajay, Java, Medan and Gorontalo as Bentor, and some parts of Sulawesi and other places in the country. In Jakarta, the auto rickshaws are called Bajay or Bajaj and they are the same to as the ones in India but are colored blue (for the ones which use compressed natural gas) and orange (for normal gasoline fuel).{{cite news |title=Bajaj Oranye Menunggu Giliran Dimusnahkan |url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/koran/urbana/16/01/07/o0kug62-bajaj-oranye-menunggu-giliran-dimusnahkan |access-date=26 May 2018 |work=Republika Online |date=7 January 2016 |language=id}} The blue ones are imported from India with the brand of Bajaj and TVS and the orange ones are the old design from 1977. The orange ones uses two-stroke engines as their prime mover, while the blue ones use four stroke engines.

The orange bajaj has been banned since 2017 due to emission regulations.{{Cite web |last=Damarjati |first=Danu |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3547071/dishub-dki-bulan-ini-bajaj-merah-harus-segera-jadi-biru |title=Dishub DKI: Bulan Ini, Bajaj Merah Harus Segera Jadi Biru |date=4 July 2017 |access-date=28 December 2022 |language=Indonesian |trans-title=Jakarta DOT: Red Bajajs must turn Blue this month}} The Bajaj is one of the most popular modes of transportation in the city. Outside of Jakarta, the bentor-style auto rickshaw is ubiquitous, with the passenger cabin mounted as a sidecar (like in Medan) or in-front (like the ones in some parts of Sulawesi) to a motorcycle.

File:Bentor 120919-28792 tbg.JPG|Bentor in North Sumatra

File:Bentor.JPG|Bentor in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi

File:Bajaj Jakarta Panning.jpg|4-stroke Bajaj in Jakarta

File:Jakarta bajaj.jpg|Former 2-stroke orange Bajaj in Jakarta (discontinued in 2015)

{{Main|Motorized tricycle (Philippines)}}

{{See also|Cycle rickshaw#Philippines}}

In the Philippines, a similar mode of public transport is the "tricycle" (Filipino: traysikel; Cebuano: traysikol).{{cite web |url=http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/transport3.htm | title=Motorcycles and tricycles | access-date=2009-03-14 | publisher=Utrecht Faculty of Education | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307210244/http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/transport3.htm | archive-date=7 March 2009 | url-status=dead }} Unlike auto rickshaws, however, it has a motorcycle with a sidecar configuration and a different origin. The exact date of its appearance in the Philippines is unknown, but it started appearing after World War 2, roughly at the same time as the appearance of the jeepney. It is most likely derived from the Rikuo Type 97 military motorcycle used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Philippines starting at 1941. The motorcycle was essentially a licensed copy of a Harley-Davidson with a sidecar.{{cite web |title=The History of the Philippines Tricycle |url=https://tuktukph.top/the-history-of-the-philippines-tricycle/ |website=Tuk Tuk 3 Wheelers |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=25 March 2020}} However, there is also another hypothesis which places the origin of the tricycle to the similarly built "trisikad", a human-powered cycle rickshaw built in the same configuration as the tricycle. However, the provenance of the trisikad is also unknown. Prior to the tricycles and trisikad, the most common means of mass public transport in the Philippines is a carriage pulled by horses or carabaos known as the kalesa (calesa or carromata in Philippine Spanish).{{cite web |date=29 December 2016|title=Filipino Icon: Tricycle and Pedicab |url=http://ffemagazine.com/filipino-icon-tricycle-pedicab/ |website=FFE Magazine |access-date=25 March 2020}} The pulled rickshaw never gained acceptance in the Philippines. Americans tried to introduce it in the early 20th century, but it was strongly opposed by local Filipinos who viewed it as an undignified mode of transport that turned humans into "beasts".{{cite journal |last1=Pante |first1=Michael D. |title=Rickshaws and Filipinos: Transnational Meanings of Technology and Labor in American-Occupied Manila |journal=International Review of Social History |date=14 August 2014 |volume=59 |issue=S22 |pages=133–159 |doi=10.1017/S0020859014000315 |doi-access=free }}

The design and configuration of tricycles vary widely from place to place, but tends towards rough standardization within each municipality. The usual design is a passenger or cargo sidecar fitted to a motorbike, usually on the right of the motorbike. It is rare to find one with a left sidecar. A larger variant of the tricycle with the motorcycle in the center enclosed by a passenger cab with two side benches is known as a "motorela". It is found on the islands of Mindanao, Camiguin, and Bohol.{{cite web |title=Tricycle, Motorela & Habal-Habal |url=https://www.silent-gardens.com/tricycle.php |website=Silent Gardens |access-date=25 March 2020}} Another notable variant is the tricycles of the Batanes Islands which have cabs made from wood and roofed with thatched cogon grass.{{cite web |last1=Corsino |first1=Nikka |title=A day on Sabtang Island in Batanes |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/travel/332326/a-day-on-sabtang-island-in-batanes/story/ |website=GMA News Online |access-date=25 March 2020|date=24 October 2013}} In Pagadian City, tricycles are also uniquely built with the passenger cab slanting upwards, due to the city's streets that run along steep hills.{{cite news |title=WATCH: What makes Pagadian tricycles unique |url=https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/159226-inclined-tricycles-pagadian-city |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=Rappler |date=23 January 2017}}

Tricycles can carry three passengers or more in the sidecar, one or two pillion passengers behind the driver, and even a few on the roof of the sidecar. Tricycles are one of the main contributors to air pollution in the Philippines,{{cite web|url=http://cleanairasia.org/node8236/|title=Tricycles in the Philippines|publisher=cleanairasia.org|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=10 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610083809/http://cleanairasia.org/node8236/|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/03/16/tricycles-as-iconic-as-jeepneys.html|title=Tricycles: As iconic as jeepneys and just as problematic|last=Taruc|first=Paolo|date=25 March 2015|publisher=CNN Philippines|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=7 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107232940/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/03/16/tricycles-as-iconic-as-jeepneys.html|url-status=dead}} which account for 45% of all volatile organic compound emissions{{cite news |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/philippines-tricycles-and-motorcycles-responsible-for-45-per-cent-of-harmful-emissions-1.1624254|title=Philippines: Tricycles and motorcycles responsible for 45 per cent of harmful emissions|last=Felongco|first=Gilbert P.|date=22 November 2015|publisher=Gulf News|access-date=7 January 2019}} since majority of them employ two-stroke engines. However, some local governments are working towards phasing out two-stroke tricycles for ones with cleaner four-stroke engines.{{cite web|url=http://cleanairasia.org/node757/|title=Mandaluyong City 2-Stroke Replacement Project|publisher=cleanairasia.org|access-date=7 January 2019|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001051802/https://cleanairasia.org/node757/|url-status=dead}}

Tuk-Tuks have now been accepted as Three-Wheeled Vehicles by the Land Transportation Office (Philippines) as distinct from tricycles and are now seen in Philippine streets. Electric versions are now seen especially in the city of Manila where they are called e-trikes.{{cite web |url=http://www.bemac-philippines.com/en/updates/news-from-the-web/66-e-r-a-p-manila-electric-tricycle-project-second-batch-of-beneficiaries-ready|title=E.R.A.P. Manila electric tricycle project{{Snd}} Second batch of beneficiaries ready|website=www.bemac-philippines.com}} Combustion engine tuktuks are locally distributed by TVS Motors and Bajaj Auto through dealerships{{cite news |url=https://tuktukph.top/tvs-king-deluxe-three-wheeler-vs-tricycle-part-i/|title=TVS King Deluxe Three Wheeler Vs Tricycle|date=20 October 2019|website=Tuk Tuk 3-Wheelers}}

File:Tricycle-Philippines-Dumaguete.JPG|Motorized tricycle, Dumaguete

File:Kalibo trike.JPG|7-passenger tricycle with large sidecar, province of Aklan

File:Banaue Philippines Local-Taxi-01.jpg|Tricycle stand, Banaue Municipal Town

The auto rickshaw, called tuk-tuk ({{langx|th|ตุ๊ก ๆ}}, {{IPA|th|túk túk|pron}}) in Thailand, is a widely used form of urban transport in Bangkok and other Thai cities. The name is onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound of a small (often two-cycle) engine. It is particularly popular where traffic congestion is a major problem, such as in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima. In Bangkok in the 1960s, these were called samlaws, and they are still popularly called that today.

Bangkok and other cities in Thailand have many tuk-tuks which are a more open variation on the Indian auto rickshaw. About 20,000 tuk-tuks were registered as taxis in Thailand in 2017.{{cite news|last1=Wattanasukchai|first1=Sirinya|title=With our tuk tuks, let's copy the Dutch |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1191193/with-our-tuk-tuks-lets-copy-the-dutch|access-date=2 February 2017|work=Bangkok Post|date=2 February 2017}} Bangkok alone is reported to have 9,000 tuk-tuks.{{cite news|title=Thailand government says Bangkok has too many 'tuk-tuks'|url=https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/04/thailand-government-says-bangkok-has-too-many-tuk-tuks/|access-date=2016-04-15|work=Asian Correspondent|date=2016-04-15|archive-date=2016-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426023304/https://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/04/thailand-government-says-bangkok-has-too-many-tuk-tuks/|url-status=dead}}

Tuk-tuk hua kob (ตุ๊ก ๆ หัวกบ, {{IPA|th|túk túk hua̯ kop̚|pron}}, literally: frog-headed tuk tuk) is a unique tuk tuk with a cab looking like a frog's head. Only Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya and Trang have vehicles like this.{{cite web|url=https://go.ayutthaya.go.th/en/publicize/scoops/frog-headed-tuk-tuk-symbol-of-aytthaya/|title=Frog-headed Tuk Tuk, Symbol of Aytthaya|access-date=2019-05-30|work=Go Ayutthaya}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/336676/trang-tuk-tuk-risk-disappearing|work=Bangkok Post|date=2013-02-19|access-date=2019-05-30|first=Methee|last= Muangkaew|title=Tuk-tuk 'endangered species' in Trang}}

in 2018, MuvMi, an electric tuk-tuk ride hailing service launched in Bangkok.{{Cite web |date=2022-02-15 |title=MuvMi |url=https://www.thailandmagazine.com/muvmi/?lang=en |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=ThailandMagazine.com |language=en-US}}

File:TH Tuk Tuk 1.jpg|Tuk-tuk in Bangkok

File:Traffic police tuk tuk Chiang Mai.jpg|Police tuk-tuk, Chiang Mai

File:E-Tuktuk in Chiang Mai at Tha Phae Gate IMG 20230124 101128 - kopie.jpg|Electric tuk-tuk in Chiang Mai

File:Udon-style tuk-tuk.jpg|Thai northeast (Isan)-style half tuk-tuk/half songthaew, Udon Thani (it known as "skylab")

File:Taxi-tuk tuk- ayutthaya - panoramio.jpg|Tuk-tuk hua kob, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya

File:MuvMi Purple TukTuk.jpg|alt=|Electric MuvMi tuk-tuk in Bangkok

File:Auto-rickshaw in Haikou - 02.jpg

Various types of auto rickshaw are used around China, where they are called sān lún chē (三轮车) and sometimes sān bèng zǐ (三蹦子), meaning three wheeler or tricycle. They may be used to transport cargo or passengers in the more rural areas. However, in many urban areas the auto rickshaws for passengers are often operated illegally as they are considered unsafe and an eyesore.{{cite web |url=http://zh.cnr.cn/xwzx/zhxw/200911/t20091103_505572023.html |title=明珠路上规模浩大的等客车队 危险逆行载客 |date=3 November 2009 |work=珠江晚报 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404124105/http://zh.cnr.cn/xwzx/zhxw/200911/t20091103_505572023.html |archive-date=2015-04-04 }}{{cite news |url=http://tianjin.auto.sohu.com/20130722/n382251477.shtml |title=[天津]面对"三蹦子" 请您大声说"不" |work=auto sohu |archive-date=2023-11-18 |access-date=2015-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118190415/http://tianjin.auto.sohu.com/20130722/n382251477.shtml |url-status=dead }} They are permitted in some towns and cities, however. The Southeast Asian word tuk tuk is transliterated as dū dū chē (嘟嘟车, or beep beep car) in Chinese.{{cite web |url=http://zh.globalvoicesonline.org/hant/2012/03/25/12861/ |title=東南亞的三輪車 |date=25 March 2012 |work=Global Voices}}{{Clear}}

A number of tuk-tuks (250 in 2013 according to the Paris Prefecture) are used as an alternative tourist transport system in Paris, some of them being pedal-operated with electric motor assist. They are not yet fully licensed to operate and await customers on the streets. Vélotaxis were common during the Occupation years in Paris due to fuel restrictions.{{cite news |url=http://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2013/08/20/1692502-a-paris-les-tuk-tuks-fleurissent-tout-comme-les-pv.html |title=A Paris, les tuk-tuks fleurissent... tout comme les PV |date=2013-08-20 |newspaper=La Dépêche |language=fr |location=Toulouse |agency=AFP}}

File:Piaggio Ape C.jpg

Auto rickshaws have been commonly used in Italy since the late 1940s, providing a low-cost means of transportation in the post–World War II years when the country was short of economic resources. The Piaggio Ape (Tukxi), designed by Vespa creator Corradino D'Ascanio and first manufactured in 1948 by the Italian company Piaggio, though primarily designed for carrying freight has also been widely used as an auto rickshaw. It is still extremely popular throughout the country, being particularly useful in the narrow streets found in the center of many little towns in central and southern Italy. Though it no longer has a key role in transportation, Piaggio Ape is still used as a minitaxi in some areas such as the islands of Ischia and Stromboli (on Stromboli no cars are allowed). It has recently been re-launched as a trendy-ecological means of transportation, or, relying on the role the Ape played in the history of Italian design, as a promotional tool.

File:Tuk Tuk in Albufeira Portugal.jpg

Tuk Tuks are used in the main touristic cities and regions of the country, specially in Lisbon and the sunny region of Algarve, as a novel form of transport for visitors during the tourist season.

Tuk Tuks have become a popular mode of transport in Spain’s main tourist destinations, particularly in Barcelona and the coastal areas of Valencia,{{cite news |url=https://walktuk.com/en/what-to-visit-in-valencia-tour-in-tuk-tuk/ |title=What to visit in Valencia: Tour in Tuk Tuk |date=1 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025}} as well as Mallorca.{{cite news |url=https://walktuk.com/en/what-to-visit-in-palma-de-mallorca-tuk-tuk-tour/ |title=What to visit in Palma de Mallorca: tuk tuk tour |date=1 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025}}

In 2006 a British travel writer{{Snd}} Antonia Bolingbroke-Kent{{Snd}} and her friend Jo Huxster travelled {{convert|12,561|mi|km}} with an auto rickshaw from Bangkok to Brighton. With this 98 days'

trip they set a Guinness World Record for the longest journey ever with an auto rickshaw.{{Citation needed|date=July 2019}}

In October 2022, Gwent police spent £40,000 on four tuk tuk vehicles in order to help fight crime.{{cite news |url=https://news.sky.com/story/gwent-police-spend-40-000-on-crime-fighting-tuk-tuks-12731513 |title=Gwent Police spend £40,000 on crime-fighting tuk-tuks |date=27 October 2022 |access-date=21 November 2022}}

Tuk Tuk Montenegro has implemented tours with electric tuk-tuks in Kotor, Montenegro in 2018.{{cite web |title=A little bit about us |url=https://tuktukmontenegro.com/about/ |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=Tuk Tuk Montenegro |language=en-US}}

File:ES Mototaxi 06 2011 1973.JPG mototaxis in El Salvador]]

The mototaxi or moto is the El Salvadoran version of the auto rickshaw. These are most commonly made from the front end and engine of a motorcycle attached to a two-wheeled passenger area in back. Commercially produced models, such as the Indian Bajaj brand, are also employed.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

In Guatemala tuk-tuks operate, both as taxis and private vehicles, in Guatemala City, around the island town of Flores, Peten, in the mountain city of Antigua Guatemala, and in many small towns in the mountains. From 2005 to present the tuk-tuks have been prevalent in Lago de Atitlán towns such as Panajachel and Santiago Atitlán. While tuk-tuks continue to serve as a prevalent form of transportation in Antigua and Lake Atitlan their use throughout the country as a whole has declined.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the United States Post Office (replaced in 1971 by the United States Postal Service) used the WestCoaster Mailster, a close relative of the tuk-tuk.{{cite web |url=http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibits/2c3a_mailsters.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825043821/http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibits/2c3a_mailsters.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 August 2009|title=National Postal Museum|date=25 August 2009 }} Similar vehicles remain in limited use for parking enforcement, mall security, and other niche applications. After a short time on the market (Mid-2000s to 2008) in the United States,{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2009/04/15/tuk-tuk-usa-gets-dot-and-epa-approval/|title=Tuk Tuk USA gets DOT and EPA approval|website=Autoblog|date=15 April 2009 }} the vehicles failed to gain popularity in the United States, and as a result, are no longer available. The Manufacturer Bajaj cited the manual transmissions aboard the three-wheelers as the reason for poor sales. As a result of modifications that made the machines EPA and DOT compliant, the vehicles that were sold are still street-legal.{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2008/05/02/bajaj-3-wheeler-is-now-off-the-u-s-market/|title=Bajaj 3-Wheeler is now off the U.S. market|website=Autoblog|date=2 May 2008 }}

File:Cushman Mailster, 1955.jpg

Auto rickshaws are rarely seen in the United States, However there are companies that operate them as taxis, affordable transportation services, or rentals, usually in urban areas like Tuk Tuk Chicago in Chicago, Capital Tuk-Tuk in Sacramento, eTuk Ride Denver in Denver, the Boston rickshaw company in Boston and several more.{{Cite web|url=https://tuktuk-chicago.com/|title=Tuk Tuk Chicago – Do You Tuk Tuk?}}{{Cite web|url=https://capitaltuktuk.com/|title=Eco-Friendly Tour - Capital Tuk Tuk | Sacramento, CA|website=Capital Tuk Tuk}}{{Cite web|url=https://etukride.com/|title=eTuk Locations - Electric Tuk Tuk City Tours & Brewery Crawls - eTuk Ride|website=eTuk}}{{cite web | url=https://bostonrickshaw.com/about-us/ | title=About Us | date=4 February 2020 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.ragstorickshaws.com/|title=Rickshaw Rental Service for Events|website=Rags to Rickshaws}}{{Cite web|url=https://texas-tuktuks.com/|title=Texas Tuk tuks|first=Texas Tuk|last=tuks|website=Texas Tuk tuks}}{{Cite web|url=https://gotukn.com/|title=Things to do in Jacksonville | Jacksonville Tours & Transportation|website=Go Tuk'n}}{{Cite web|url=https://rvatuktuk.com/|title=Home - RVATukTuk The fun, unique way to experience Richmond Book your adventure.}}{{Cite web|url=https://bostonrickshaw.com/|title=Boston Rickshaw Company|website=Boston Rickshaw Company}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.travelagewest.com/Travel/USA-Canada/Been-There-Do-This-eTuk-Ride-Portland-in-Oregon|title=Been There, Do This: eTuk Ride Portland in Oregon|first=Emma |last=Weissmann|date=November 13, 2019|website=TravelAge West}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cyclepub.com/|title=Home|website=Cycle Pub}}{{Cite web|url=https://lucky-tuk-tuk.com/|title=Lucky Tuk Tuk – Private Small Group Sightseeing Tours in San Francisco}}

The New York Police Department (NYPD) operates auto rickshaws that they call “three-wheel patrol scooters”. The patrol scooters are used for parking and traffic enforcement on city streets and to patrol places that most cars can't – like the narrow paths in Central Park. The NYPD patrol scooters started being replaced in 2016 with Smart Fortwos. The NYPD believes that the Smart Fourtwos are safer, more comfortable, and more affordable, than the three-wheel patrol scooters due to the Smart Fourtwos coming with features that the patrol scooters lack like air conditioning, and airbags, while also costing about $6,000 less. The Smart Fortwos can also be driven on highways if needed. The Smart Fortwos are also said to be more “approachable” and “friendlier looking” which helps with public relations.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nypd-smart-cars-cruisers-approachable-attention/|title=NYPD's "kissable and huggable" Smart cars receive flood of attention|website=www.cbsnews.com|date=27 June 2017}}

In Cuba, the autorickshaws are small and look like a coconut, hence the name Cocotaxi. File:Cocotaxis.jpg

Some auto rickshaws have been and are still used in Mexico, Such as in Rickshaws in Mexico City.{{Cite web|url=https://www.shoreexcursionsgroup.com/tour/ensenada-tuk-tuk-beach-and-bar/mxentukbch#:~:text=Experience+Ensenada's+must-see+sights,Price:+$105.00|title=Ensenada Tuk Tuk, Beach and Bar | Ensenada Shore Excursion | Mexican Riviera Cruise Tours|website=Shore Excursions Group}}{{Cite web |title=gpsKevin Adventure Rides - Tuk Tuk Oaxaca |url=https://www.gpskevinadventurerides.com/upcoming-rides/tuk-tuk-oaxaca |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.gpskevinadventurerides.com |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Hilden |first=Nick |date=2024-05-06 |title=Everything I Learned on Mexico's New Highway Connecting Oaxaca City to the Coast |url=https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/mexico-new-highway-oaxaca-city-puerto-escondido |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Thrillist |language=en}}

In Peru, a version of this vehicle is called a motocar{{cite web |url=http://www.peru-motor.com/motocar/ |title=Motocar |website=Perú Motor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003154015/http://www.peru-motor.com/motocar |archive-date=3 October 2018}} or mototaxi.{{cite web |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/mototaxis-in-peru-1619752 |title=A Traveler's Guide to Mototaxis in Peru |author=Tony Dunnell |date=28 July 2017 |publisher=tripsavvy |access-date=27 November 2017}}

Auto Rickshaws are seen in Bolivia.{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/australian-man-s-seven-year-tuk-tuk-journey-from-argentina-to-alaska-20230407-p5cyx9.html?js-chunk-not-found-refresh=true|title=Australian man's seven-year tuk-tuk journey from Argentina to Alaska|first=Amber|last=Schultz|date=April 15, 2023|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/trouble-strikes-ryan-magee-aussieespanol-on-his-tuk-tuk-travels/news-story/de5faae1816a5b51c9f7626624a7e4f1?amp&nk=11387282b59daa33d2f6f4a6926d7d47-1740345984

Uber allows auto rickshaws to be used by drivers.{{Cite web|url=https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/miscellaneous/uber-launches-tuk-tuk-in-brazil/|title=Uber Launches "Tuk-tuk" in Brazil|first=Lachlan|last=Williams|date=January 29, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://3wheeledcheese.wordpress.com/2012/06/21/the-tuk-tuk-is-here-to-stay-in-sao-paulo/|title=THE TUK TUK IS HERE TO STAY IN BRAZIL|date=June 21, 2012}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/auto/bajaj-auto-confirms-production-unit-in-brazil-expands-global-production-to-100-countries-8946418.html|title=Bajaj Auto Confirms Production Unit In Brazil; Expands Global Production To 100 Countries|website=News18}}

Tuk tuks or moto-taxis are used in some towns and cities in Colombia such as Jardín in Antioquia.

{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcarrocolombiano.com/transporte/colombia-10-de-las-personas-que-se-movilizan-lo-hacen-en-tuk-tuks/|title=En Colombia, 10% de las personas que se movilizan lo hacen en "Tuk Tuks"|first=Jessica Paola Vera|last=García|date=August 28, 2023|website=El Carro Colombiano}}

Ikea did a trial run using Electric Auto Rickshaws in Sydney, Australia to deliver packages to customers from May to August 2023.{{Cite web |last=Hart |first=Amalyah |date=2023-05-16 |title=Electric tuk tuks to make deliveries for Ikea customers in Sydney |url=https://thedriven.io/2023/05/17/electric-tuk-tuks-to-make-deliveries-for-ikea-customers-in-sydney/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=The Driven |language=en-AU}}

A company called Just Tuk'n Around using both pedal powered rickshaws and electric auto rickshaws carries tourists around in Airlie Beach.{{Cite web |title=Tuk Tuk Tours |url=https://www.justtuknaround.com.au/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Just Tuk'n Around |language=en}}

Mt Cook Alpine Salmon uses Auto rickshaws on its farms to move equipment and people around.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=Tuk-tuk trial on Canterbury salmon farm |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-districts/tuk-tuk-trial-canterbury-salmon-farm |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Otago Daily Times |language=en}}

A company using auto rickshaws called Tuk Tuk Taxi operates in Wanaka, South Island.{{Cite web |title=Wanaka taxi Services by Tuk Tuk Taxi {{!}} Call now-0800885800 |url=https://tuktuktaxi.co.nz/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |language=en-US}}

A company using auto rickshaws called Tuk Tuk NZ used to operate in Wellington.{{Cite web |date=2016-08-17 |title=Tuk tuk start up hits red tape speed bump |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/small-business/tuk-tuk-start-up-hits-red-tape-speed-bump/M6YOGNDVAVNANST5CUI3WYHCBY/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=The New Zealand Herald |language=en-NZ}}{{Cite web |title=Engineer penalised for signing off on Auckland tuk-tuk safety despite having never viewed them |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2020/01/14/engineer-penalised-for-signing-off-on-auckland-tuk-tuk-safety-despite-having-never-viewed-them/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=1News |language=en}}

A company using auto rickshaws called Kiwi Tuk Tuk used to operate in Auckland.{{Cite web |title=Kiwi Tuk Tuk Limited {{!}} GetYourGuide Supplier |url=https://www.getyourguide.com/kiwi-tuk-tuk-limited-s230548/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=GetYourGuide |language=en-US}}

In July 1998, the Supreme Court of India ordered the government of Delhi to implement CNG or LPG (Autogas) fuel for all autos and for the entire bus fleet in and around the city. Delhi's air quality has improved with the switch to CNG. Initially, auto rickshaw drivers in Delhi had to wait in long queues for CNG refueling, but the situation improved following an increase in the number of CNG stations. Gradually, many state governments passed similar laws, thus shifting to CNG or LPG vehicles in most large cities to improve air quality and reduce pollution. Certain local governments are pushing for four-stroke engines instead of two-stroke ones. Typical mileage for an Indian-made auto rickshaw is around {{convert|35|km/L}} of petrol. Pakistan has passed a similar law prohibiting auto rickshaws in certain areas. CNG auto rickshaws have started to appear in huge numbers in many Pakistani cities.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

In January 2007 the Sri Lankan government also banned two-stroke trishaws to reduce air pollution. In the Philippines{{cite web |url=http://www.engr.colostate.edu/news/print/index.cfm?id=402 | title=Envirofit's Tricycle Retrofit Program Funded | access-date=2011-03-22 | date=19 May 2006 | publisher=Colorado State University | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929002935/http://www.engr.colostate.edu/news/print/index.cfm?id=402 | archive-date=29 September 2011}} there are projects to convert carbureted two-stroke engines to direct-injected via Envirofit technology. Research has shown LPG or CNG gas direct-injection can be retrofitted to existing engines, in similar fashion to the Envirofit system.{{cite web |url=http://www.skyshorz.com/university/publications/Gitano_SAESETC2007_LPG2T.pdf |title=Microsoft Word{{Snd}} SETC_LPG2T.doc |access-date=2010-04-03}} In Vigan City majority of tricycles-for-hire as of 2008 are powered by motorcycles with four-stroke engines, as tricycles with two-stroke motorcycles are prevented from receiving operating permits. Direct injection is standard equipment on new machines in India.{{cite news |date=2007-12-09 |title=Bajaj rolls out low-emission fuel-efficient autorickshaw |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-corporate/article1676981.ece |newspaper=Business Line |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=2010-04-03}}{{cite web |url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/05/bajaj_begins_pr.html |title=Bajaj Begins Production of 2-Stroke Direct-Injection Auto Rickshaw |publisher=Green Car Congress |date=2007-05-18 |access-date=2010-04-03}}

In March 2009 an international consortium coordinated by the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies initiated a two-year public-private partnership of local and international stakeholders aiming at operating a fleet of 15 hydrogen-fueled three-wheeled vehicles in New Delhi's Pragati Maidan complex.{{cite web |url=http://www.unido-ichet.org/index.php?lang=en&option=com_content&Itemid=&view=article&id=363%3Aa-fleet-of-hydrogen-rickshaws-to-circulate-in-new-delhi-by-2010 |title=A fleet of hydrogen rickshaws to circulate in New Delhi by 2010 |access-date=2011-03-22 |publisher=International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728144846/http://www.unido-ichet.org/index.php?lang=en&option=com_content&Itemid=&view=article&id=363%3Aa-fleet-of-hydrogen-rickshaws-to-circulate-in-new-delhi-by-2010 |archive-date=2011-07-28 }} As of January 2011, the project was nearing completion.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}

Hydrogen internal combustion (HICV) use in three-wheelers has only recently being started to be looked into, mainly by developing countries, to decrease local pollution at an affordable cost.{{Cite web|url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/818298/file/818329|title=Hydrogen-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines, see page 7}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fischer-tropsch.org/DOE/DOE_reports/42060/42060-FNL.pdf|title=Clean Hydrogen Technology for 3-Wheel Transportation in India}} At some point, Bajaj Auto made a HICV auto rickshaw together with the company "Energy Conversion Devices".{{cite web |url=https://thecityfix.com/blog/india-showcases-hydrogen-fuel-auto-rickshaws/ |title=India Showcases Hydrogen Fuel Auto-Rickshaws {{pipe}} |date=21 February 2012}} They made a report on it called "Clean Hydrogen Technology for 3-Wheel Transportation in India" and it stated that the performance was comparable with CNG autos. In 2012, Mahindra & Mahindra showcased their first HICV auto rickshaw, called the Mahindra HyAlfa. The development of the hydrogen-powered rickshaw happened with support from the International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies.

On 16 September 2022, at 11:04 a.m. (Indian Standard Time), a Canadian team (Greg Harris and Priya Singh) and a Swiss team (Michele Daryanani and Nevena Lazarevic) set the world record for the highest altitude at which an auto rickshaw has ever been driven. The world record was officially recognized and certified by Guinness World Records on October 10, 2024.{{cite web | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/746257-highest-altitude-achieved-in-an-auto-rickshaw | title=Highest altitude achieved in an auto rickshaw }} The two teams set the record by driving to the summit of Umling La Pass at an altitude of {{convert|5798|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}.{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2022/10/25/india-Richshaw-Run-world-record-altitude/7301666713774/|title=Look: Auto rickshaws take world's highest road to set world record - UPI.com|website=UPI}}

The two teams were participating in the Rickshaw Run (Himalayan Edition), an event promoted by The Adventurists, where teams drive auto rickshaws from the Thar desert town of Jaisalmer in Rajasthan to the Himalayan town of Leh in Ladakh. Rickshaw Run teams are given the start and finish lines, but are otherwise unsupported and left to their own navigational choices in completing the approximately 2,300 km journey.

The road at Umling La Pass was constructed by India's Border Roads Organization and completed in 2017. Guinness World Records certified the road as the highest motorable road in the world.{{cite web |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/62927-highest-road |title=Highest Altitude Road}}

• Electric rickshaw
• Fuel gas-powered scooter
• Formic acid vehicle: a type of hydrogen-based vehicle
• Jeepney
• Rickshaw (disambiguation)

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{{Commons category|Auto-rickshaws}}

• [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/15.01/posts.html?pg=5 The India 1000]{{Snd}} an article in Wired about auto rickshaw racing

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