Banu Hashim

{{Infobox tribe

| name = Banu Hashim
({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم}})

| type = Quraysh, Adnanites

| image = Name of Banu Hashim.png

| alt = Caligraphy of the family name in Arabic

| caption = Arabic calligraphy of the Tribe's name

| nisba = Al-Hashmi

| location = Arabia

| descended = Hashim ibn Abd Manaf

| parent_tribe = Quraysh

| branches = *Alids

| religion = Islam

| ethnicity = Arab

| language = Arabic

| surnames = Al Hashimi

}}

Banu Hashim ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم|Banū Hāshim}}) is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.

Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashemites, Hashimites, Hashimids, or Bakara and often carry the surname Al-Hashimi (surname). These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of Sharif (often synonymous to {{transliteration|ar|Sayyid}}).{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}

From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.{{harvnb|Van Arendonk|Graham|1960–2007}}. Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the 'Alawi (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).{{Cite book |last=Routledge |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBWmAwOJI2UC |title=Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology |date=2004-07-26 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3801-3 |pages=236 |language=en}}

History

Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca. p. 125.The Agrarian System of Islam

Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī

Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991

Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&pg=PA72 |title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis|author=Reuven Firestone|date=1990|page=72|isbn=9780791403310}}{{cite book|title=Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ8EpN0232IC&pg=PA170 |author=Göran Larsson|date=2003|page=170|isbn = 9004127402}} Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,{{cite book|last=Al-Mubarakpuri|first=Safi-ur-Rahman|title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum)|year=2002|publisher=Darussalam|page=30|isbn=1591440718}} and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.

Dynasties and Tribes

The following Royal, Imperial dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim:

Arabia

Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib){{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}}
Abbasid Caliphs of Cairo, the ceremonial Heads of State of Mamluk Sultanate from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim)
Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}}
Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
Ba 'Alawi family of Yemen (through Ahmad al-Muhajir)

Africa

'Alawi dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
Sa'di dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}

Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate.{{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}}

Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}}
Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty)
Ouled Sidi Cheikh of Algeria and Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil)
Ishaqi family (through Shaykh Ishaaq ibn Ahmad ar-Ridawi)I. M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate
Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate
Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate
Darod (Jabarti) Family (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti)
Gerad Dynasty of the Warsangali Sultanate
Majeerteen Dynasty of the Majeerteen Sultanate
Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the Hobyo Sultanate
Ogaden Dynasty of the Ogaden Sultanate
Walashma dynasty of the Ifat Sultanate and Adal Sultanate (through Aqil ibn Abi Talib)
Asharaf clan of Somalia's Benadiri region (through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Al-Hasan & Al-Hussein)

Indo-Persia

Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana)
Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}}
Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali){{cite book |author=Abul Fazl |title=The Āʼīn-i Akbarī |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=9693515307 |edition=2nd|year=2004 }}
The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA237 237]}}
Mirs of Rajhat (Through Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin){{cite book |author=Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul|title=Ashraf Al Ansab |publisher=Karachi Publications }}
Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza){{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Shah Nawaz |title=Maasir al Umara |date=1952 |publisher=Calcutta Oriental Press |location=Calcutta |pages=259–262}}
Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)
The Pahlavi Dynasty of Iran (through Empress Farah Diba Pahlavi)

Southeast Asia

Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}}
Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai)
Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}}
House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)

Europe

Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)

Family tree

{{chart/start|style=font-size:95%;line-height:100%;|align=center}}

{{chart | KiM |y| FbS | | | | | KiM=Kilab ibn Murrah|FbS=Fatimah bint Sa'd}}

{{chart | ZiK | | QiK |y| HbH | ZiK=Zuhrah ibn Kilab
(progenitor of Banu Zuhrah)
maternal great-great-grandfather|QiK=Qusai ibn Kilab
paternal great-great-great-grandfather|HbH=Hubba bint Hulail
paternal great-great-great-grandmother}}

{{chart | AMZ | | | | AMQ |y| AbM | AMZ=`Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah
maternal great-grandfather|AMQ=`Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
paternal great-great-grandfather|AbM=Atikah bint Murrah
paternal great-great-grandmother}}

{{chart | WiA | | | | | | HiA |y| SbA | WiA=Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf
maternal grandfather|HiA=Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf
(progenitor of Banu Hashim)
paternal great-grandfather|SbA=Salma bint `Amr
paternal great-grandmother}}

{{chart | |!| | | FbA |y|~|~| AuM |~|~|~|~|y| HbW | FbA=Fatimah bint `Amr
paternal grandmother|AuM=`Abdul-Muttalib
paternal grandfather|HbW=Halah bint Wuhayb
paternal step-grandmother}}

{{chart | Ami |y| AiA |!| AZi |!| Har | | Ham | | Ami=Aminah
mother|AiA=`Abdullah
father|AZi=Az-Zubayr
paternal uncle|Har=Harith
paternal half-uncle|Ham=Hamza
paternal half-uncle}}

{{chart | Thu |!| Hal | | ATi | | AAi | | ALa | | oth | Thu=Thuwaybah
first nurse|Hal=Halimah
second nurse|ATi=Abu Talib
paternal uncle|AAi=`Abbas
paternal half-uncle|ALa=Abu Lahab
paternal half-uncle|oth=6 other sons
and 6 daughters}}

{{chart |F|~| Muh |y| KbK |!| | | AAA | Muh=Muhammad|KbK=Khadija
first wife|AAA=`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas
paternal cousin}}

{{chart |:|,|-| Fat |t|~| Ali | | |!| | QiM | | AiM | Fat=Fatimah
daughter|Ali=Ali
paternal cousin and son-in-law
family tree, descendants|QiM=Qasim
son|AiM=`Abd-Allah
son}}

{{chart |:|!| | | | ZbM | | RbM |y| UbA |~| UKM | | ZiH | ZbM=Zainab
daughter|RbM=Ruqayyah
daughter|UbA=Uthman
son-in-law
family tree|UKM=Umm Kulthum
daughter|ZiH=Zayd
adopted son}}

{{chart |:|!| | AiZ | | UbZ | | AAU | | | | RbZ |7| UiZ | AiZ=Ali ibn Zainab
grandson|UbZ=Umamah bint Zainab
granddaughter|AAU=`Abd-Allah ibn Uthman
grandson|RbZ=Rayhana
(marriage disputed)|UiZ=Usama ibn Zayd
adoptive grandson}}

{{chart |:| MiA | | Has | | Hus | | UKA | | ZbA |D| SbH | MiA=Muhsin ibn Ali
grandson|Has=Hasan ibn Ali
grandson|Hus=Husayn ibn Ali
grandson
family tree|UKA=Umm Kulthum bint Ali
granddaughter|ZbA=Zaynab bint Ali
granddaughter|SbH=Safiyya
tenth / eleventh wife*}}

{{chart |:| AbB |D| SbZ |:| Uma |D| USa |D| JbH |D| MbH | AbB=Abu Bakr
father-in-law
family tree|SbZ=Sawda
second / third wife*| Uma=Umar
father-in-law
family tree|USa=Umm Salama
sixth wife|JbH=Juwayriya
eighth wife|MbH=Maymuna
eleventh / twelfth wife*}}

{{chart |L| Ais |L| ZbK |L| HbU |L| ZbJ |L| RbA |L| MaQ | Ais=Aisha
second / third wife
Family tree|ZbK=Zaynab
fifth wife|HbU=Hafsa
fourth wife|ZbJ=Zaynab
seventh wife|RbA=Umm Habiba
ninth wife|MaQ=Maria al-Qibtiyya }}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IiM |IiM=Ibrahim
son}}

Note that direct lineage is marked in bold.

References

=Sources=

{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Hoiberg |editor-first=Dale H. |title=Abbasid Dynasty |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |year=2010 |volume=I: A-Ak – Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency }}
{{cite book |last1=Vachon |first1=Auguste |last2=Boudreau |first2=Claire |last3=Cogné |first3=Daniel |title=Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996 |date=1998 |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-7766-1600-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ |language=en }}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20090523041524/http://baalawi.ning.com/ Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064624/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/4.htm Banu Hashim – Before the Birth of Islam]
[https://bani-alabbas.com/ Genealogy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126085840/http://bani-alabbas.com/ |date=2021-11-26 }} of the Hashemite Banu Abbas.

Category:Tribes of Arabia

Category:Family of Muhammad

Category:Hashemite people