Cleveland (county)
{{Short description|Former county of North East England}}
{{About|the former county in England|other uses|Cleveland County (disambiguation)}}
{{See also|Cleveland, Yorkshire}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox historic subdivision
| Name = Cleveland
| HQ = Middlesbrough
| subdivision = Non-metropolitan county
| image = File:Middlesbrough Town Hall And Municipal Buildings.jpg
| image_caption = Middlesbrough Town Hall: seat of Cleveland County Council
| Origin = County Borough of Teesside
| image_coat = Arms of Cleveland County Council.svg
| coa_size = 75px
| image_flag = Banner of Cleveland County Council.jpg
| Start = 1974
| End = 1996
| Government = Cleveland County Council
| Map = Cleveland UK locator map 1974.svg
| map_caption = The former administrative county of Cleveland shown within England
| Divisions = Non-metropolitan districts
| DivisionsMap = 250px
| DivisionsNames =
| Code = 14
| CodeName = ONS code
| PopulationFirst = 566,740Registrar General's annual estimated figure mid 1973
| PopulationFirstYear = 1973
| PopulationSecond = 565,935
| PopulationSecondYear = 1981
| PopulationLast = 541,333
| PopulationLastYear = 1991
| AreaFirst = {{convert|144085|acre|km2}}{{cite book |title=Local government in England and Wales: A Guide to the New System |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ISBN0117508470 |year=1974 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=0-11-750847-0 |page=37}}
| AreaFirstYear = 1974
| common_name = Former county of Cleveland (1974-1996)
| capital =
| today = North Yorkshire and County Durham
| government_type = Two-tier - upper-tier county council with four lower-tier non-metropolitan borough councils
}}
Cleveland was a non-metropolitan county located in North East England which existed between 1974 and 1996. It was a two-tier county and had four boroughs: Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough and Langbaurgh-on-Tees. The county town was Middlesbrough, where Cleveland County Council met. The county was named after the historic area of Cleveland, Yorkshire. Its area is now split between the counties of North Yorkshire and County Durham.
The county was abolished in 1996, with its constituent boroughs becoming unitary authorities. Hartlepool and the part of Stockton-on-Tees north of the River Tees became part of the County Durham, and the remainder became part of North Yorkshire. Some public bodies continue to cover the area of the former county, such as Cleveland Police and Cleveland Fire Brigade. Cleveland bordered County Durham to the north and North Yorkshire to the south, with a coastline on the North Sea to the east. It had a total area of {{convert|225|sqmi|sigfig=3}}.
File:Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge (geograph 6425250).jpg, in 1980]]
Formation
A Bill as originally presented in November 1971 that intended the administrative county to have been an extended form of the then present County Borough of Teesside, an independent district in the North Riding from 1968 to 1974. On 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972, most of the then Cleveland constituency and Hartlepool were incorporated as the Cleveland non-metropolitan county.{{cite hansard |jurisdiction=United Kingdom |title=Cleveland County Council (Abolition) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1993/jun/17/cleveland-county-council-abolition |house=House of Commons |date=1993-06-17 |column_start=1089 |column_end=1098 |speaker=Michael Bates |position=MP for Langbaurgh}}
Proposed abolition
Local government reorganisation, recommended by the Banham Review and accepted by the government, meant that each district borough be re-organised into separate unitary authorities with the Tees be re-established as a ceremonial border between North Yorkshire and County Durham.{{cite news|date=21 March 1972|title=Teesside: Town and country welcome Whitehall compromise|newspaper=The Times |publisher=Thomson Corporation |location=London}}
{{Cite legislation UK|type=si|number=1747|si=The Cleveland (Further Provision) Order 1995|accessdate=2021-07-13|year=1995|date=1995-07-10}} The county district boroughs of Cleveland were re-organised into Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland. The reorganisation meant that Stockton-on-Tees became the only local authority in England to be split between two counties.
This split was contested by Cleveland County Council, which applied for judicial review over the decision. According to the Minister, David Curry, in the Commons debate on the order on 11 January 1995, this caused a delay from 1 April 1995 as the reorganisation date to 1 April 1996.
Abolition
The Cleveland (Structural Change) Order 1995 abolished the County Council (to take place on 1 April 1996) and transferred its powers to the district councils, though it did not abolish Cleveland itself. It also renamed Langbaurgh-on-Tees as Redcar and Cleveland.{{Cite legislation UK|type=si|number=187|si=The Cleveland (Structural Change) Order 1995|accessdate=2021-07-13|year=1995|date=1995-01-30}}
The Cleveland (Further Provision) Order 1995 abolished the county of Cleveland altogether, also from 1 April 1996, creating in its place four counties corresponding to the four boroughs. However, the requirement for counties to have a council was removed for these four counties in particular. Further regulations placed each district within the ceremonial county of Durham or North Yorkshire, also splitting Stockton-on-Tees along the Tees.[https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1997/23 Lieutenancies Act 1997] 1997 c.23{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The Local Government Changes for England (Miscellaneous Provision) Regulations 1995|year=1995|number=1748|access-date=6 March 2024}}
Town twinning
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}}
Cleveland, as a conurbation of settlements, was twinned with:
- {{flagicon|United States}} Cleveland, Ohio, United States{{cite web|url=http://legacy.sistercities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland,%20Ohio|title=Interactive City Directory|work=Sister Cities International|accessdate=5 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005161032/http://legacy.sistercities.org/interactive-map/Cleveland,%20Ohio|archive-date=5 October 2019|url-status=live}}
Statistical
NUTS statistical regions of the United Kingdom were also introduced in 1974. This caused South Humberside to be put with the reformed counties using the name Yorkshire, to form Yorkshire and Humber. South Tees came under North East of England region.{{cite vob| url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10026659 |map=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10026659/boundary |name=Teesside County Borough |accessdate=17 September 2009}}
Demographics
{{Main|Demographics of Tees Valley}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
{{NE England}}
{{England counties/1974}}
{{coord|54.566|-1.163|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Places in the Tees Valley
Category:History of County Durham
Category:History of the Borough of Hartlepool
Category:Metropolitan areas of England