Climate of Madrid

Madrid and its metropolitan area has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk){{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Evolución de los climas de Köppen en España en el periodo 1951-2020 - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/NT_37_AEMET |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}} which transitions to a mediterranean climate (Csa) on the western half of the city. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, Madrid has warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima)[http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004052732/http://web.tiscali.it/linnets/Troll-Paffen.jpg |date=October 4, 2012 }} and according to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Madrid has a subtropical climate.[http://www.ph-heidelberg.de/geographie/forschung-und-entwicklung/klimakarte-der-erde.html Die Klimatypen der Erde] - Pädagogische Hochschule in Heidelberg Madrid has hot summers and relatively cool winters with somewhat frequent frosts (15 days have lows under {{convert|0|C|F}} on average) and occasional snowfalls, with 3-4 snowy days on average.

Temperature

Annual average temperature in the city center is around {{convert|15.4|C|F}}, while in the airport area is around {{convert|14.9|C|F}}. The city center generally have warmer temperatures year round, due to the urban heat island, causing nighttime temperatures in the center to be higher than in areas outside, despite daytime temperatures being slightly lower in relation to the surrounding areas.{{Cite journal |year=2019 |pages=5–6 |journal=Environmental Research Communications |title=Urban heat island behaviors in dryland regions |first1=John M. |last1=Dialesandro |first2=Stephen M. |last2=Wheeler |first3=Yaser |last3=Abunnasr |volume=1 |issue=8 |doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ab37d0 |bibcode=2019ERCom...1h1005D |s2cid=201319597 |doi-access=free }}

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid (667 m), Buen Retiro Park in the city centre (1991–2020)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan high C = 10.0

| Feb high C = 12.2

| Mar high C = 16.2

| Apr high C = 18.9

| May high C = 23.2

| Jun high C = 28.9

| Jul high C = 32.8

| Aug high C = 32.0

| Sep high C = 26.5

| Oct high C = 19.7

| Nov high C = 13.5

| Dec high C = 10.3

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 6.5

| Feb mean C = 8.0

| Mar mean C = 11.3

| Apr mean C = 13.6

| May mean C = 17.5

| Jun mean C = 22.8

| Jul mean C = 26.2

| Aug mean C = 25.7

| Sep mean C = 21.0

| Oct mean C = 15.4

| Nov mean C = 10.0

| Dec mean C = 7.0

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 3.0

| Feb low C = 3.7

| Mar low C = 6.3

| Apr low C = 8.2

| May low C = 11.9

| Jun low C = 16.5

| Jul low C = 19.5

| Aug low C = 19.3

| Sep low C = 15.5

| Oct low C = 11.1

| Nov low C = 6.4

| Dec low C = 3.7

| year low C =

| daily = Y

| year humidity =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData|title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|access-date=19 November 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det|title=Extremos Climatológicos. Madrid, Retiro|access-date=18 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218043605/https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det|url-status=live}}

| date = December 2023

| source =

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid Barajas Airport (1991–2020)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan high C = 11.0

| Feb high C = 13.2

| Mar high C = 16.9

| Apr high C = 19.4

| May high C = 24.0

| Jun high C = 30.1

| Jul high C = 33.9

| Aug high C = 33.3

| Sep high C = 27.9

| Oct high C = 21.3

| Nov high C = 14.8

| Dec high C = 11.3

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 5.8

| Feb mean C = 7.2

| Mar mean C = 10.4

| Apr mean C = 12.9

| May mean C = 17.0

| Jun mean C = 22.3

| Jul mean C = 25.6

| Aug mean C = 25.3

| Sep mean C = 20.6

| Oct mean C = 15.2

| Nov mean C = 9.6

| Dec mean C = 6.4

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 0.6

| Feb low C = 1.2

| Mar low C = 3.8

| Apr low C = 6.3

| May low C = 10.0

| Jun low C = 14.5

| Jul low C = 17.3

| Aug low C = 17.2

| Sep low C = 13.3

| Oct low C = 9.1

| Nov low C = 4.3

| Dec low C = 1.4

| year low C =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData|title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|access-date=19 November 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3129&datos=det|title=Extremos Climatológicos. Madrid, Aeropuerto|access-date=18 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218043605/https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det|url-status=live}}

| date = December 2023

| source =

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid Cuatro Vientos (1991–2020)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan high C = 10.7

| Feb high C = 12.8

| Mar high C = 16.5

| Apr high C = 19.1

| May high C = 23.7

| Jun high C = 29.6

| Jul high C = 33.4

| Aug high C = 32.8

| Sep high C = 27.5

| Oct high C = 20.8

| Nov high C = 14.4

| Dec high C = 11.1

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 6.4

| Feb mean C = 7.8

| Mar mean C = 10.9

| Apr mean C = 13.2

| May mean C = 17.4

| Jun mean C = 22.7

| Jul mean C = 26.1

| Aug mean C = 25.7

| Sep mean C = 21.1

| Oct mean C = 15.6

| Nov mean C = 10.0

| Dec mean C = 7.0

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 2.0

| Feb low C = 2.7

| Mar low C = 5.3

| Apr low C = 7.4

| May low C = 11.1

| Jun low C = 15.8

| Jul low C = 18.8

| Aug low C = 18.6

| Sep low C = 14.7

| Oct low C = 10.3

| Nov low C = 5.5

| Dec low C = 2.8

| year low C =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData|title=AEMET OpenData|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|access-date=19 November 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3196&datos=det|title=Extremos Climatológicos. Madrid, Cuatro Vientos|access-date=18 December 2023|archive-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218043605/https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det|url-status=live}}

| date = December 2023

| source =

}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Buen Retiro Park (667 m) (1991-2020){{cite web|title=Aemet Open Data. |url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio}}

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Daily thermal range (Cº)

|7.0

|8.5

|9.9

|10.7

|11.3

|12.7

|13.3

|12.7

|11.0

|8.6

|7.1

|6.6

|10

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|35|C|F}}

|0.0

|2.8

|10.2

|7.2

|0.3

|0.0

|20.5

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|30|C|F}}

|0.0

|2.9

|13.9

|24.6

|23.1

|6.6

|0.0

|71.1

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|25|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.3

|3.2

|12.4

|23.6

|30.1

|29.8

|20.0

|3.3

|0.0

|122.7

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≥ {{Convert|20|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.1

|5.5

|15.6

|14.9

|1.8

|0.0

|37.9

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert|0|C|F}}

|2.7

|0.7

|0.0

|0.6

|3.7

|12.7

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert

5|C|F}}

|0.1

|0.0

|0.1

|0.2

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Barajas Airport (609 m) (1991-2020)

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Daily thermal range (Cº)

|10.4

|12.0

|13.1

|14.0

|15.6

|16.6

|16.1

|14.6

|12.2

|10.5

|9.9

|13.2

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|35|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.1

|4.6

|13.8

|10.9

|0.7

|0.0

|30.1

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|30|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.1

|4.0

|16.7

|26.6

|26.2

|10.9

|0.6

|0.0

|85.1

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|25|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.5

|4.2

|13.7

|25.4

|30.5

|22.4

|6.8

|0.0

|134

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≥ {{Convert|20|C|F}}

|0.0

|1.3

|5.2

|4.3

|0.2

|0.0

|11

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert|0|C|F}}

|15.3

|11.5

|3.6

|0.6

|0.0

|0.2

|4.7

|12.5

|48.4

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert

5|C|F}}

|1.9

|0.8

|0.1

|0.0

|0.2

|1.4

|4.4

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Cuatro Vientos (690 m) (1991-2020)

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Daily thermal range (Cº)

|8.8

|10.1

|11.2

|11.7

|12.6

|13.8

|14.6

|14.2

|12.8

|10.5

|8.9

|8.3

|11.5

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|35|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.1

|3.9

|12.2

|9.5

|0.5

|0.0

|26.2

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|30|C|F}}

|0.0

|3.5

|15.6

|25.9

|25.0

|9.6

|0.5

|0.0

|80.1

Average no. of days with max. temperature ≥ {{Convert|25|C|F}}

|0.0

|0.4

|3.7

|13.2

|24.5

|30.4

|30.2

|21.9

|6.1

|0.0

|130.4

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≥ {{Convert|20|C|F}}

|0.0

|3.8

|12.1

|10.5

|1.1

|0.0

|27.5

Average no. of days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert|0|C|F}}

|8.7

|4.8

|1.4

|0.1

|0.0

|1.6

|6.4

|23.1

Average no. days with min. temperature ≤ {{Convert

5|C|F}}

|0.4

|0.2

|0.1

|0.0

|0.3

Seasons

= Spring =

File:Parque de Pradolongo - Mayo 2008.jpg.]]

Late Spring, in the months of May and June, is witness to the peak of pollinization of Gramineae, the main culprit behind rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Madrid. Years with high concentrations have proven a public health issue, with punctual cases of asthma epidemics among the inhabitants of Madrid in the aforementioned months.{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://aeclim.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/0057_PU-SA-IV-2004-JL_CAMACHO.pdf|chapter=Relación entre factores meteorológicos y recuentos de pólenes de gramíneas causantes de alergias|first=José Luis|last=Camacho Ruiz|first2=Javier|last2=Subiza Garrido Lestache|year=2004|title=El Clima entre el Mar y la Montaña|publisher=Asociación Española de Climatología, Universidad de Cantabria|location=Santander}}{{Cite book|url=http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM009130.pdf|page=35|chapter=Polinosis en Madrid|first=Javier|last=Subiza Garrido-Lestache|year=2001|title=Polen atmosférico en la Comunidad de Madrid|isbn=84-451-2018-2}}

Precipitation

Madrid has on average only 59 precipitation days a year, therein average several rainy days per month (≥ 1 mm), ranging from 2 days in July and August to 7 days in October. The average annual precipitation is less than {{convert|417|mm|in}} on the center and around {{convert|373|mm|in}} on airport on eastern half of the city.{{Cite web |title=Madrid Aeropuerto - Standard Values |url=https://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=3129&k=mad |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}} Madrid is the European capital with the least annual precipitation, as well as the only with a semi-arid climate{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}{{Cite web |title=Koppen European Map |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Koppen-Geiger_Map_Europe_present.svg |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Köppen climate classification}}

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid, Retiro Park (1991-2020)

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 32.0

| Feb precipitation mm = 34.0

| Mar precipitation mm = 35.0

| Apr precipitation mm = 46.0

| May precipitation mm = 48.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 20.0

| Jul precipitation mm = 9.0

| Aug precipitation mm = 10.0

| Sep precipitation mm = 24.0

| Oct precipitation mm = 64.0

| Nov precipitation mm = 52.0

| Dec precipitation mm = 42.0

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation days = 5.5

| Feb precipitation days = 5.1

| Mar precipitation days = 5.4

| Apr precipitation days = 6.7

| May precipitation days = 6.8

| Jun precipitation days = 3.3

| Jul precipitation days = 1.5

| Aug precipitation days = 1.5

| Sep precipitation days = 3.5

| Oct precipitation days = 7.2

| Nov precipitation days = 6.7

| Dec precipitation days = 5.9

| year precipitation days =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

| date = September 2013

| source =

}}{{Weather box

| location = Madrid Airport (1991-2020)

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| precipitation color = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 28.1

| Feb precipitation mm = 29.5

| Mar precipitation mm = 32.5

| Apr precipitation mm = 39.1

| May precipitation mm = 40.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 20.3

| Jul precipitation mm = 9.1

| Aug precipitation mm = 10.0

| Sep precipitation mm = 25.4

| Oct precipitation mm = 57.1

| Nov precipitation mm = 47.3

| Dec precipitation mm = 34.3

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation days = 5.2

| Feb precipitation days = 4.2

| Mar precipitation days = 4.8

| Apr precipitation days = 6.4

| May precipitation days = 6.1

| Jun precipitation days = 3.3

| Jul precipitation days = 1.3

| Aug precipitation days = 1.4

| Sep precipitation days = 2.9

| Oct precipitation days = 6.9

| Nov precipitation days = 6.3

| Dec precipitation days = 5.5

| year precipitation days =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| date = September 2013

| source =

}}

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid Cuantro Vientos (1991-2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 33.3

| Feb precipitation mm = 35.4

| Mar precipitation mm = 34.7

| Apr precipitation mm = 44.2

| May precipitation mm = 44.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 19.4

| Jul precipitation mm = 8.4

| Aug precipitation mm = 10.8

| Sep precipitation mm = 25.7

| Oct precipitation mm = 62.2

| Nov precipitation mm = 51.5

| Dec precipitation mm = 42.5

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation days = 5.4

| Feb precipitation days = 5.2

| Mar precipitation days = 5.4

| Apr precipitation days = 6.8

| May precipitation days = 6.3

| Jun precipitation days = 2.8

| Jul precipitation days = 1.4

| Aug precipitation days = 1.4

| Sep precipitation days = 3.5

| Oct precipitation days = 7.1

| Nov precipitation days = 6.5

| Dec precipitation days = 5.9

| year precipitation days =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

|date=September 2014}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Buen Retiro Park (667 m) (1991-2020){{cite web|title=Aemet Open Data. |url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio}}

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Average precipitation days ≥ 0.1mm

|8.5

|7.3

|8.0

|9.8

|9.5

|5.3

|2.2

|2.8

|5.7

|9.8

|9.4

|8.8

|87.1

Average precipitation days ≥ 10 mm

|1.0

|1.1

|1.5

|1.6

|0.6

|0.3

|0.7

|2.3

|1.9

|1.4

|13.8

Average precipitation days ≥ 30 mm

|0.0

|0.2

|0.0

|0.1

|0.2

|0.1

|0.0

|0.6

Average hail days

|0.0

|0.3

|0.5

|0.3

|0.1

|0.0

|0.1

|0.0

|1.5

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Barajas Airport (609 m) (1991-2020){{cite web|title=Aemet Open Data. |url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio}}

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Average precipitation days ≥ 0.1mm

|7.3

|6.8

|7.5

|9.0

|4.9

|2.1

|4.6

|9.0

|8.8

|8.3

|79.4

Average precipitation days ≥ 10 mm

|0.8

|0.9

|1.0

|1.1

|1.3

|0.6

|0.2

|0.3

|0.8

|2.1

|1.7

|1.0

|11.8

Average precipitation days ≥ 30 mm

|0.0

|0.1

|0.2

|0.1

|0.0

|0.4

Average hail days

|0.0

|0.1

|0.2

|0.1

|0.0

|0.1

|0.0

|0.8

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

bgcolor="lightgrey"

| colspan="14" |Observatory of Cuatro Vientos (690 m) (1991-2020){{cite web|title=Aemet Open Data. |url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio}}

Variable

|Jan

|Feb

|Mar

|Apr

|May

|Jun

|Jul

|Aug

|Sep

|Oct

|Nov

|Dec

|Year

Average precipitation days ≥ 0.1mm

|8.5

|7.0

|7.8

|9.5

|8.9

|4.2

|2.0

|2.3

|5.0

|9.4

|9.2

|9.1

|82.9

Average precipitation days ≥ 10 mm

|1.0

|1.2

|1.5

|1.4

|0.4

|0.3

|0.4

|0.7

|2.4

|1.7

|1.5

|13.5

Average precipitation days ≥ 30 mm

|0.0

|0.1

|0.0

|0.1

|0.2

|0.0

|0.6

Average hail days

|0.0

|0.2

|0.1

|0.6

|0.4

|0.2

|0.1

|0.0

|1.8

Sunshine and UV index

Sunshine duration is 2,769 hours per year, from 124 (4 hours per day on average) in December to 359 (above 11.6 hours per day on average) in July.{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=3195&k=mad |title=Standard Climate Values. Madrid}} This makes Madrid one of the sunnier cities in Europe. It is also slightly above average for the southern half of Europe, where annual sunshine duration typically varies from about 2,000 to about 3,000 hours per year. In the northern half of Europe, sunshine duration is around 1500 hours per year.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} In winter Madrid has about three times more sun duration than in the northern half of Europe.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}} Madrid has the second highest UV value among continental European capitals after Athens{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/greece/athens-climate|title=Athens, Greece - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}} and Lisbon.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/portugal/lisbon-climate|title=Lisbon, Portugal - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}} The values are close to that of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as ultraviolet radiation suffers little interference from other geographic variables.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/pennsylvania-usa/pittsburgh-climate|title=Pittsburgh, PA - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}} Although values are still average, which is not as risky as almost the entire continent, except the afternoons of the warmer months, where exposure should be reduced. The amount varies from 2 between November and January to 9 between June and July.{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/spain/madrid-climate|title=Madrid, Spain - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|publisher=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03}}

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid Barajas Airport

|Jand sun = 4.9

|Febd sun = 6.2

|Mard sun = 7.2

|Aprd sun = 7.8

|Mayd sun = 8.8

|Jund sun = 10.8

|Juld sun = 12.0

|Augd sun = 11.0

|Sepd sun = 8.8

|Octd sun = 6.6

|Novd sun = 5.1

|Decd sun = 4.4

|yeard sun =

| Jan sun = 152

| Feb sun = 175

| Mar sun = 223

| Apr sun = 234

| May sun = 273

| Jun sun = 324

| Jul sun = 372

| Aug sun = 341

| Sep sun = 264

| Oct sun = 205

| Nov sun = 153

| Dec sun = 136

| year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 50

| Feb percentsun = 58

| Mar percentsun = 60

| Apr percentsun = 58

| May percentsun = 61

| Jun percentsun = 72

| Jul percentsun = 81

| Aug percentsun = 80

| Sep percentsun = 70

| Oct percentsun = 59

| Nov percentsun = 51

| Dec percentsun = 47

| year percentsun =

| Jan uv =2

| Feb uv =3

| Mar uv =5

| Apr uv =6

| May uv =8

| Jun uv =9

| Jul uv =9

| Aug uv =8

| Sep uv =6

| Oct uv =4

| Nov uv =2

| Dec uv =2

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (mean daily, monthly sunshine hours and percent possible sunshine), and Weather Atlas (UV index)

|date=September 2013}}

Humidity

Average relative humidity is around 55-58%, ranging from 32-39% in July to 75-76% in December, with more humidity in the centre and less in airport.

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid, Retiro (1991-2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| Jan humidity = 72

| Feb humidity = 64

| Mar humidity = 57

| Apr humidity = 56

| May humidity = 54

| Jun humidity = 45

| Jul humidity = 39

| Aug humidity = 42

| Sep humidity = 51

| Oct humidity = 66

| Nov humidity = 72

| Dec humidity = 75

| year humidity =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

|date=February 2025}}

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid Airport (1991-2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| Jan humidity = 73

| Feb humidity = 65

| Mar humidity = 58

| Apr humidity = 55

| May humidity = 50

| Jun humidity = 39

| Jul humidity = 32

| Aug humidity = 34

| Sep humidity = 45

| Oct humidity = 62

| Nov humidity = 71

| Dec humidity = 76

| year humidity =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

|date=February 2025}}

Snow

File:Madrid snowbound.jpg in January 2021, Madrid was covered by an historic snowfall.]]

Snowfalls are occasional, happening only a few days per year. In January 1941, 8 snow days were recorded, the most for any month.

From 7 January to 10 January 2021, Madrid received its heaviest snowfall in five decades; Spain's meteorological agency AEMET reported between {{convert|50|and|60|cm|in|0}} of accumulated snow at its weather stations within the city.{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20210110/6179383/observatorios-madrid-registraron-espesores-nieve-50-60-cms.html|website=La Vanguardia|title=Observatorios de Madrid registraron espesores de nieve de entre 50 y 60 cms|first=Olga|last=Pereda|last2=Santos|first2=Pilar|date=10 January 2021}}

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid, Retiro (1991-2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan snow days = 0.9

|Feb snow days = 1.0

|Mar snow days = 0.2

|Apr snow days = 0.2

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.1

|Dec snow days = 0.5

|year snow days =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

|date=February 2025}}

{{Weather box

|location = Madrid Airport (1991-2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan snow days = 0.7

|Feb snow days = 0.9

|Mar snow days = 0.4

|Apr snow days = 0

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.1

|Dec snow days = 0.5

|year snow days =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title=AEMET OpenData - General access (normal values)|publisher=AEMET|access-date=12 February 2025}}

|date=February 2025}}

Temperature extremes

The highest temperature recorded during the day at the Retiro station is {{convert|40.7|°C|°F|abbr=on}} on 28 June 2019, 14 August 2021, and 14 July 2022.{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20220715/8411260/madrid-igualo-ayer-maxima-historica-40-7-oc-hay-registros.html|website=La Vanguardia|title=Madrid igualó ayer su máxima histórica (40,7 °C) desde que hay registros|date=15 July 2022}} Higher maximum temperatures have been recorded in other stations.

The August 1933{{which|date=August 2022}} reported record had the average maximum temperature during the day at {{convert|35.5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. The coldest temperature recorded was {{convert|-10.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}} at night on 16 January 1945.[http://www.aemet.es/en/-s:pdf/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=13&v=todos "Valores Extremos for Madrid" (pdf)] ([http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=13&v=todos www version]) – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid Buen Retiro Park

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 19.9

| Feb record high C = 22.0

| Mar record high C = 26.7

| Apr record high C = 30.9

| May record high C = 35.5

| Jun record high C = 40.7

| Jul record high C = 40.7

| Aug record high C = 40.7

| Sep record high C = 38.9

| Oct record high C = 30.0

| Nov record high C = 22.7

| Dec record high C = 18.6

| year record high C = 40.7

| Jan record low C = -10.1

| Feb record low C = -9.1

| Mar record low C = -5.1

| Apr record low C = -1.6

| May record low C = 0.6

| Jun record low C = 4.4

| Jul record low C = 8.5

| Aug record low C = 9.2

| Sep record low C = 4.0

| Oct record low C = -0.4

| Nov record low C = -3.4

| Dec record low C = -9.2

| year record low C = -10.1

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=1&m=2&m=3&m=4&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (Jan–Apr), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=5&m=6&m=7&m=8&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (May–Aug), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=9&m=10&m=11&m=12&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (Sep–Dec), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}

| date = September 2013

| source =

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Madrid Barajas Airport

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 20.9

| Feb record high C = 24.5

| Mar record high C = 27.1

| Apr record high C = 32.5

| May record high C = 36.5

| Jun record high C = 41.2

| Jul record high C = 42.2

| Aug record high C = 42.7

| Sep record high C = 40.2

| Oct record high C = 31.7

| Nov record high C = 24.7

| Dec record high C = 21.3

| year record high C = 42.2

| Jan record low C = -15.2

| Feb record low C = -14.8

| Mar record low C = -6.6

| Apr record low C = -4.0

| May record low C = -0.5

| Jun record low C = 3.9

| Jul record low C = 7.0

| Aug record low C = 7.4

| Sep record low C = 1.9

| Oct record low C = -2.4

| Nov record low C = -7.4

| Dec record low C = -10.5

| year record low C = -15.2

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=1&m=2&m=3&m=4&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (Jan–Apr), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=5&m=6&m=7&m=8&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (May–Aug), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}{{cite web

|url= http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mad&l=3195&datos=det&x=3195&m=9&m=10&m=11&m=12&v=todos

|title= Extreme Values (Sep–Dec), Madrid

|publisher= AEMet}}

| date = September 2013

| source =

}}

Daylight

Madrid, as well as the rest of Spain (except the Canary Islands), are in the UTC +1 time zone and UTC +2 in summer time. Sunrise and sunset occur relatively late compared to other countries in southern Europe or even slightly higher latitudes. Madrid enjoys one of the most optimal number of hours of daylight in Europe. Days in winter are not as short as in the northern part of the continent, the average hours of daylight in December, January and February is 10 hours{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/spain/madrid.php|title=Weather2Travel.com: Madrid Climate Guide}} (for comparison: London{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/united-kingdom/london.php |title=London Climate and Weather Averages, UK |publisher=Weather2travel.com |access-date=2013-09-23}} or Moscow{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/russia-europe/moscow.php |title=Moscow Climate and Weather Averages, Russia (Europe) |publisher=Weather2travel.com |access-date=2013-09-23}} or Warsaw{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/poland/warsaw.php |title=Warsaw Climate and Weather Averages, Poland |publisher=Weather2travel.com |access-date=2013-09-23}} - about 8 hours), and it is the European capital with the latest sunsets during winter.{{Cite web |title=Sunrise and sunset times in Madrid, December 2024 |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/spain/madrid?month=12&year=2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}} During the summer, the days have an average length of 14 hours, being the European capital with the latest sunrises in summer, as well as the capital with the latest sunset in southern Europe. Sunset occurs after 21:00 (9:00 pm) throughout most of the summer.{{Cite web |title=Sunrise and sunset times in Madrid, June 2024 |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/spain/madrid?month=6&year=2024 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" \|+Average hours of daylight
Hours ! Jan ! Feb ! Mar ! Apr ! May ! Jun ! Jul ! Aug ! Sep ! Oct ! Nov ! Dec
Day \| 10 \| 11 \| 12 \| 13 \| 14 \| 15 \| 15 \| 14 \| 12 \| 11 \| 10 \| 9
Twilight/Night \| 14 \| 13 \| 12 \| 11 \| 10 \| 9 \| 9 \| 10 \| 12 \| 13 \| 14 \| 15

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Average hours of daylight

Hours

! Jan

! Feb

! Mar

! Apr

! May

! Jun

! Jul

! Aug

! Sep

! Oct

! Nov

! Dec

Day

| 10

| 11

| 12

| 13

| 14

| 15

| 14

| 12

| 11

| 10

| 9

Twilight/Night

| 14

| 13

| 12

| 11

| 10

| 9

| 10

| 12

| 13

| 14

| 15

References

Madrid

Category:Geography of Madrid

Climate of Madrid

Temperature

Seasons

= Spring =

Precipitation

Sunshine and UV index

Humidity

Snow

Temperature extremes

Daylight

See also

References