Climate of Spain

Four main climatic zones can be distinguished, according to the country's Köppen-Geiger climate classification and orographic conditions:{{cite web|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated – (see p.3)|url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/resources/downloads/paper_free/55034.pdf|access-date=2011-04-30}}{{cite web|title=World Map of Koppen – Geiger Climate Classification|url=http://www.city-data.com/forum/attachments/weather/56180d1263187925-ultimate-climate-poll-koppen-climate-classification-kottek_et_al_2006.gif|access-date=2013-09-08|publisher=City-data.com}}{{cite web|author1=Peel, M. C.|author2=Finlayson, B. L.|author3=McMahon, T. A|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/K%C3%B6ppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430154838/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Koppen_World_Map.png|archive-date=2011-04-30|access-date=2013-01-01|publisher=The University of Melbourne}}

• The hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) which is also characterized by dry and warm/hot summers and cool to mild and wet winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, this climate is dominant on the Iberian Peninsula, particularly the variety with summer droughts, covering all but the far northern part of the country where the Oceanic climate predominates. The hot-summer Mediterranean climate covers coastal areas (excluding the northern Atlantic coast and southeast Mediterranean coast), the Guadalquivir river basin and the lower reaches of the Tagus and Guadiana basins to the west of the country. It also extends to parts of the interior of the Valencian Community, Castilla-La-Mancha and Catalonia.
• The warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) which predominates in parts of northwestern Spain and mostly inland in central-northern Spain at altitudes above 900-1000 masl.
• The semi-arid climate (BSh and BSk) is predominant in the south eastern part of the country (Almeria province in Eastern Andalusia, Murcia region and Alicante province in Southern Valencia) and in the middle reaches of the Ebro valley to the north east (Zaragoza province), reaching as far west as southern Navarre. It is also present in large areas of the central table lands (primarily in Madrid and in the La Mancha region which includes parts of Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Toledo provinces) and some of the driest areas of Extremadura. In contrast to the Mediterranean climate, the sunny season continues beyond the end of summer and the vegetation is less dense.
• The oceanic climate (Cfb) is located in the northern part of the country, especially in the regions of Galicia, Basque Country, Asturias, Cantabria, and Navarre. This region has regular snowfall in the winter months.

Apart from the four main climate zones, other noticeable sub-zones can be found, such as the humid subtropical climate in large areas in the northern half of Catalonia going down to Barcelona, the province of Huesca and northern Navarre. The warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) which can be found in many areas in north-eastern Spain, in areas starting with altitudes above 1000-1100 masl. It can be found also in some areas in the Cantabrian Mountains and the highest areas of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range in central-eastern Spain. The dry continental climates all across Spain in the highest areas (notably in the Sierra Nevada and the highest areas in central-northern Spain), the alpine climate and the Subarctic climate in the higher areas of northern Spain's various mountain ranges (notably the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees) and a hot desert climate in the southeastern coastline, on Almeria and Murcia provinces. Hot desert climates and hot semi-desert climates can also be found in the Canary Islands, most notably on the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, but also in the coastal areas of Gran Canaria and in the south of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. On the remaining islands, this climate is also present, but in a much smaller portion. In the coastal areas of the Canary Islands, there are some regions that are influenced by a tropical climate, as the average temperature in the coldest month is above {{Convert|18|C|F}}.

The hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) is found in many parts of Spain's Mediterranean coast, from the border with Portugal to the middle of the province of Granada. Then it starts in Calpe, and goes to the border with France (with some exceptions such as the city of Valencia). It also extends inland in Andalusia and Extremadura. It is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters with infrequent frosts.{{Cite web |url=http://www.jardinerosenaccion.es/images/editor/mapa_climatico_Spain.jpg |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-11-10 |archive-date=2016-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113014148/http://www.jardinerosenaccion.es/images/editor/mapa_climatico_Spain.jpg |url-status=dead }} The summers are hot, the winters are mild and most of precipitation falls in the autumn. Examples of cities with Csa climate are Málaga, Barcelona, Palma or Seville. {{Weather box

|location = Málaga Airport (AGP), Churriana
coordinates {{coordinates|36|39|58|N|04|28|56|W}}; elevation: {{cvt|6|m}}; (1991–2020, extremes 1942–present){{cite web |url = https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/4a2f221b|title = Weather station data|website = opendata.aemet.es|publisher = AEMET OpenData |language = es |access-date = 13 November 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241113115453/https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/4a2f221b|archive-date = 2024-11-13}}

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 26.8

|Feb record high C = 30.0

|Mar record high C = 31.4

|Apr record high C = 34.3

|May record high C = 35.6

|Jun record high C = 41.0

|Jul record high C = 44.2

|Aug record high C = 44.0

|Sep record high C = 40.0

|Oct record high C = 36.3

|Nov record high C = 30.4

|Dec record high C = 29.9

|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 17.2

|Feb high C = 17.9

|Mar high C = 19.7

|Apr high C = 21.8

|May high C = 24.7

|Jun high C = 28.5

|Jul high C = 31.0

|Aug high C = 31.5

|Sep high C = 28.4

|Oct high C = 24.3

|Nov high C = 20.2

|Dec high C = 17.8

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 12.5

|Feb mean C = 13.2

|Mar mean C = 14.9

|Apr mean C = 16.8

|May mean C = 19.8

|Jun mean C = 23.6

|Jul mean C = 26.1

|Aug mean C = 26.7

|Sep mean C = 23.8

|Oct mean C = 19.9

|Nov mean C = 15.8

|Dec mean C = 13.4

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 7.9

|Feb low C = 8.4

|Mar low C = 10.1

|Apr low C = 11.9

|May low C = 14.9

|Jun low C = 18.6

|Jul low C = 21.2

|Aug low C = 22.0

|Sep low C = 19.2

|Oct low C = 15.4

|Nov low C = 11.4

|Dec low C = 9.1

|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -2.6

|Feb record low C = -3.8

|Mar record low C = -1.2

|Apr record low C = 2.8

|May record low C = 5.0

|Jun record low C = 9.8

|Jul record low C = 10.0

|Aug record low C = 12.2

|Sep record low C = 10.2

|Oct record low C = 5.6

|Nov record low C = 1.4

|Dec record low C = -0.8

|year record low C =

|Jan precipitation mm = 62.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 56.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 66.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 41.3

|May precipitation mm = 23.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 4.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 2.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 25.2

|Oct precipitation mm = 60.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 77.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 87.7

|year precipitation mm =

|precipitation color = green

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 5.4

|Feb precipitation days = 4.6

|Mar precipitation days = 5.1

|Apr precipitation days = 4.4

|May precipitation days = 3.2

|Jun precipitation days = 0.6

|Jul precipitation days = 0.0

|Aug precipitation days = 0.4

|Sep precipitation days = 2.3

|Oct precipitation days = 4.5

|Nov precipitation days = 5.4

|Dec precipitation days = 5.6

|year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 67

|Feb humidity = 66

|Mar humidity = 65

|Apr humidity = 62

|May humidity = 58

|Jun humidity = 56

|Jul humidity = 57

|Aug humidity = 59

|Sep humidity = 63

|Oct humidity = 70

|Nov humidity = 69

|Dec humidity = 71

|year humidity =

|Jan percentsun = 59

|Feb percentsun = 62

|Mar percentsun = 60

|Apr percentsun = 63

|May percentsun = 68

|Jun percentsun = 77

|Jul percentsun = 80

|Aug percentsun = 77

|Sep percentsun = 70

|Oct percentsun = 63

|Nov percentsun = 57

|Dec percentsun = 54

|year percentsun =

|Jan sun = 183

|Feb sun = 189

|Mar sun = 223

|Apr sun = 249

|May sun = 301

|Jun sun = 336

|Jul sun = 353

|Aug sun = 322

|Sep sun = 261

|Oct sun = 220

|Nov sun = 177

|Dec sun = 161

|year sun =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web |url = http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=6155A&datos=det&x=6155A&m=12&v=todos |title = Valores extremos. Málaga Aeropuerto|website = Aemet.es |access-date = 1 July 2014}}{{cite web|url = https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData|title = AEMET OpenData|publisher = Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia|language = es|access-date = 1 December 2024}}{{cite web |url = http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 |title = Highest and lowest means. Málaga Aeropuerto|website = Aemet.es |access-date = 20 January 2018}}{{cite web |url = https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/34e5fc80|title = Extremes|website = opendata.aemet.es|publisher = AEMET OpenData |language = es |access-date = 19 December 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241219231012/https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/34e5fc80|archive-date = 2024-12-19}}{{cite web |url = https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/e9ad2110|title = Normal|website = opendata.aemet.es|publisher = AEMET OpenData |language = es |access-date = 19 December 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241219230932/https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/e9ad2110|archive-date = 2024-12-19}}

}}

The Csb warm-summer Mediterranean climate is found in parts of Galicia and the western areas of Castilla y Leon. Coastal Mediterranean region is marked by Leveche winds: hot, dry, easterly or southeasterly air currents that originate over North Africa. Periods of these winds, which sometimes carry fine Saharan dust, are more common in spring and are associated with a sudden, usually short-lived, increase in temperature. A cooler easterly wind, the Levante, funnels between the Sistema Penibético and the Atlas Mountains of North Africa. These easterly winds are the ones which most influence the Mediterranean climate.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} The most populous city with Csb climate in Spain is Vigo. Other cities with this climate are Ávila, León and Salamanca.

It is characterised by year-round mild temperatures with drier summer months, often resulting in moderate drought conditions with at least one month per year usually recording less than {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. This is a characteristic which distinguishes Galicia from a typical Cfb climate. Annual rainfall is higher than in the eastern and southern regions, usually ranging from {{convert|800|to|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |title=Valores climatológicos normales: Galicia – Agencia Estatal de Meteorología – AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?k=gal |access-date=2013-09-08 |publisher=Aemet.es |language=es}} Not all Galicia has a Csb climate, most of the north and central mountains have a typical oceanic Cfb. Some valleys in the south are classified as Hot-summer Mediterranean (Csa), like the comarca of O Condado, the city of Ourense or O Ribeiro.{{cite web |title=Valores Climatológicos Normales. Murcia – Alcantarilla / Aeropuerto |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=7228&k=mur |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214172509/http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=7228&k=mur |archive-date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología}}

In North-West Castile, the climate is classified also as Csb because the temperatures of summer are cooler due to the altitude.{{Weather box

|location = A Coruña {{convert|58|m|abbr=off}} above sea level (1991–2020), extremes (1930-present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan record high C = 23.1

|Feb record high C = 27.4

|Mar record high C = 28.2

|Apr record high C = 31.6

|May record high C = 34.0

|Jun record high C = 34.8

|Jul record high C = 34.5

|Aug record high C = 39.6

|Sep record high C = 35.4

|Oct record high C = 33.4

|Nov record high C = 25.4

|Dec record high C = 25.6

|year record high C =

|Jan high C = 13.6

|Feb high C = 14.2

|Mar high C = 15.7

|Apr high C = 16.6

|May high C = 18.7

|Jun high C = 20.9

|Jul high C = 22.4

|Aug high C = 23.1

|Sep high C = 22.2

|Oct high C = 19.6

|Nov high C = 16.1

|Dec high C = 14.4

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = 11.0

|Feb mean C = 11.2

|Mar mean C = 12.5

|Apr mean C = 13.4

|May mean C = 15.5

|Jun mean C = 17.7

|Jul mean C = 19.3

|Aug mean C = 19.9

|Sep mean C = 18.8

|Oct mean C = 16.5

|Nov mean C = 13.3

|Dec mean C = 11.8

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = 8.4

|Feb low C = 8.1

|Mar low C = 9.3

|Apr low C = 10.2

|May low C = 12.3

|Jun low C = 14.5

|Jul low C = 16.2

|Aug low C = 16.6

|Sep low C = 15.3

|Oct low C = 13.3

|Nov low C = 10.6

|Dec low C = 9.1

|year low C =

|Jan record low C = -2.0

|Feb record low C = -3.0

|Mar record low C = 0.6

|Apr record low C = 2.0

|May record low C = 2.2

|Jun record low C = 4.2

|Jul record low C = 9.9

|Aug record low C = 9.4

|Sep record low C = 5.2

|Oct record low C = 4.0

|Nov record low C = 1.0

|Dec record low C = -1.0

|year record low C =

|Jan precipitation mm = 120.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 88.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 87.6

|Apr precipitation mm = 86.9

|May precipitation mm = 66.4

|Jun precipitation mm = 45.7

|Jul precipitation mm = 31.2

|Aug precipitation mm = 40.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 57

|Oct precipitation mm = 120.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 149.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 122.3

|year precipitation mm =

|unit precipitation days = 1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 14.5

|Feb precipitation days = 11.7

|Mar precipitation days = 11.7

|Apr precipitation days = 12.5

|May precipitation days = 9.6

|Jun precipitation days = 6.3

|Jul precipitation days = 5.0

|Aug precipitation days = 5.6

|Sep precipitation days = 8.0

|Oct precipitation days = 12.6

|Nov precipitation days = 15.4

|Dec precipitation days = 14.4

|year precipitation days =

| Jan snow days =0

| Feb snow days =0.1

| Mar snow days =0

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0

| year snow days =

| Jan humidity =76

| Feb humidity =73

| Mar humidity =72

| Apr humidity =74

| May humidity =74

| Jun humidity =75

| Jul humidity =77

| Aug humidity =77

| Sep humidity =76

| Oct humidity =76

| Nov humidity =77

| Dec humidity =76

| year humidity =

|Jan sun = 99

|Feb sun = 130

|Mar sun = 170

|Apr sun = 195

|May sun = 223

|Jun sun = 239

|Jul sun = 257

|Aug sun = 254

|Sep sun = 210

|Oct sun = 164

|Nov sun = 108

|Dec sun = 99

|year sun =

|Jan percentsun = 34

|Feb percentsun = 44

|Mar percentsun = 46

|Apr percentsun = 48

|May percentsun = 49

|Jun percentsun = 50

|Jul percentsun = 55

|Aug percentsun = 59

|Sep percentsun = 56

|Oct percentsun = 48

|Nov percentsun = 37

|Dec percentsun = 35

|year percentsun =

|source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia{{cite web|url=https://opendata.aemet.es/centrodedescargas/inicio|title = AEMET OpenData - General access (climate normals)|access-date = 25 January 2025|language=es|publisher=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

|date = October 2014

}}

An oceanic climate prevails from the Pyrenees to Galicia, area which is sometimes called "Green Spain", characterized by relatively mild winters and warm summers. The climate and landscape are determined by the Atlantic Ocean winds whose moisture gets trapped by the mountains circumventing the Spanish Atlantic coast. Because of the Foehn effect, the southern slopes fall inside the rain shadow zone and so Green Spain contrasts starkly with the rest of Spain. The rainfall is generally abundant, exceeding {{convert|1000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and is fairly evenly spread out over the year, with the driest month above {{convert|30|mm|in|abbr=on}}, which is the minimum criteria for an oceanic climate according to Köppen. Although Köppen officially limits the oceanic domain to the Asturias and the Basque Country region, certain authors such as Trewartha prefer to extend this climatic zone to the north-west part of the peninsula to Galicia, due to the moderate summer temperatures.

Temperatures vary only slightly, both on a diurnal and a seasonal basis, and averages range from {{convert|9|C|F|1}} in January to {{convert|21|C|F|1}} in July. The moderating effects of the sea are less prominent further inland, where temperatures are more extreme than those on the coast. Distance from the Atlantic Ocean also has an effect on precipitation levels, so there is less rainfall in the east than in the west. Autumn (October to December) is the wettest season, while July is the driest month. The high humidity and the prevailing off-shore winds make fog and mist common along the north west coast; this phenomenon is less frequent a short distance inland because the mountains form a barrier to the maritime moisture.{{Weather box

| location = Bilbao airport (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1947-present)

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 24.9

| Feb record high C = 26.8

| Mar record high C = 29.8

| Apr record high C = 33.1

| May record high C = 36.0

| Jun record high C = 41.2

| Jul record high C = 42.0

| Aug record high C = 42.9

| Sep record high C = 41.7

| Oct record high C = 33.4

| Nov record high C = 27.6

| Dec record high C = 24.7

| year record high C = 42.9

| Jan high C = 13.5

| Feb high C = 14.2

| Mar high C = 16.6

| Apr high C = 18.1

| May high C = 21.0

| Jun high C = 23.5

| Jul high C = 25.4

| Aug high C = 26.3

| Sep high C = 24.5

| Oct high C = 21.5

| Nov high C = 16.6

| Dec high C = 14.1

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 9.5

| Feb mean C = 9.7

| Mar mean C = 11.6

| Apr mean C = 13.1

| May mean C = 16.0

| Jun mean C = 18.7

| Jul mean C = 20.6

| Aug mean C = 21.2

| Sep mean C = 19.2

| Oct mean C = 16.6

| Nov mean C = 12.5

| Dec mean C = 10.1

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 5.3

| Feb low C = 5.1

| Mar low C = 6.7

| Apr low C = 8.1

| May low C = 11.0

| Jun low C = 13.8

| Jul low C = 15.8

| Aug low C = 16.1

| Sep low C = 13.9

| Oct low C = 11.6

| Nov low C = 8.3

| Dec low C = 6.1

| year low C =

| Jan record low C = -7.6

| Feb record low C = -8.6

| Mar record low C = -5.0

| Apr record low C = -1.2

| May record low C = 0.4

| Jun record low C = 3.6

| Jul record low C = 6.6

| Aug record low C = 6.8

| Sep record low C = 3.8

| Oct record low C = 0.6

| Nov record low C = -6.2

| Dec record low C = -7.4

| year record low C = -8.6

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 130

| Feb precipitation mm = 109

| Mar precipitation mm = 98

| Apr precipitation mm = 97

| May precipitation mm = 76

| Jun precipitation mm = 58

| Jul precipitation mm = 52

| Aug precipitation mm = 53

| Sep precipitation mm = 75

| Oct precipitation mm = 112

| Nov precipitation mm = 171

| Dec precipitation mm = 127

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation days = 12.8

| Feb precipitation days = 11.1

| Mar precipitation days = 10.5

| Apr precipitation days = 12.0

| May precipitation days = 10.3

| Jun precipitation days = 7.2

| Jul precipitation days = 7.4

| Aug precipitation days = 7.4

| Sep precipitation days = 8.9

| Oct precipitation days = 10.7

| Nov precipitation days = 13.7

| Dec precipitation days = 12.4

| year precipitation days =

| Jan snow days = 0.3

| Feb snow days = 0.7

| Mar snow days = 0.3

| Apr snow days = 0

| May snow days = 0

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 0

| Oct snow days = 0

| Nov snow days = 0.1

| Dec snow days = 0.3

| year snow days =

| Jan humidity = 73

| Feb humidity = 70

| Mar humidity = 68

| Apr humidity = 69

| May humidity = 69

| Jun humidity = 71

| Jul humidity = 72

| Aug humidity = 71

| Sep humidity = 72

| Oct humidity = 71

| Nov humidity = 74

| Dec humidity = 73

| year humidity =

| Jan sun = 81

| Feb sun = 96

| Mar sun = 136

| Apr sun = 144

| May sun = 177

| Jun sun = 180

| Jul sun = 186

| Aug sun = 183

| Sep sun = 162

| Oct sun = 130

| Nov sun = 84

| Dec sun = 81

| year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 28

| Feb percentsun = 32

| Mar percentsun = 36

| Apr percentsun = 36

| May percentsun = 38

| Jun percentsun = 39

| Jul percentsun = 40

| Aug percentsun = 43

| Sep percentsun = 43

| Oct percentsun = 38

| Nov percentsun = 29

| Dec percentsun = 28

| year percentsun =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1082&k=48 |title=Valores climatológicos normales. Bilbao Aeropuerto |work=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |access-date=7 June 2020 |language=es |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607145803/http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1082&k=48 |url-status=live }}

| date = January 2015

| source 2 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=pva&l=1082&datos=det |title=Valores extremos. Bilbao Aeropuerto |work=Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |access-date=7 June 2020 |language=es |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607145804/http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=pva&l=1082&datos=det |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url= https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08025&ano=2021&mes=12&day=30&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title= 08025: Bilbao / Sondica (Spain)|author= |date= 29 December 2021|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 30 December 2021|quote= |archive-date= 30 December 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211230214905/https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08025&ano=2021&mes=12&day=30&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}

| source =

}}

The humid subtropical climate exists in large areas of north-eastern Spain, mostly in the northern half of Catalonia and the province of Huesca. This climate is also found across northern Navarra and the northern areas of the province of Guadalajara. The largest city with this climate in Spain is Girona.{{Weather box

| location = Girona Airport (1991-2020), extremes (1973-present)

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 24.6

| Feb record high C = 25.8

| Mar record high C = 29.0

| Apr record high C = 31.6

| May record high C = 37.3

| Jun record high C = 43.0

| Jul record high C = 41.3

| Aug record high C = 42.5

| Sep record high C = 37.0

| Oct record high C = 33.1

| Nov record high C = 30.0

| Dec record high C = 23.5

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 13.7

| Feb high C = 14.7

| Mar high C = 17.4

| Apr high C = 19.6

| May high C = 23.3

| Jun high C = 27.8

| Jul high C = 30.6

| Aug high C = 30.7

| Sep high C = 26.6

| Oct high C = 22.4

| Nov high C = 17.1

| Dec high C = 14.1

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 7.5

| Feb mean C = 8.2

| Mar mean C = 10.8

| Apr mean C = 13.1

| May mean C = 16.8

| Jun mean C = 21.1

| Jul mean C = 23.9

| Aug mean C = 24.0

| Sep mean C = 20.3

| Oct mean C = 16.5

| Nov mean C = 11.2

| Dec mean C = 8.1

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 1.3

| Feb low C = 1.6

| Mar low C = 4.1

| Apr low C = 6.5

| May low C = 10.2

| Jun low C = 14.4

| Jul low C = 17.1

| Aug low C = 17.2

| Sep low C = 14.0

| Oct low C = 10.6

| Nov low C = 5.3

| Dec low C = 2.0

| year low C =

| Jan record low C = -13.0

| Feb record low C = -8.2

| Mar record low C = -5.8

| Apr record low C = -3.0

| May record low C = 0.6

| Jun record low C = 5.1

| Jul record low C = 8.0

| Aug record low C = 8.4

| Sep record low C = 4.6

| Oct record low C = -2.0

| Nov record low C = -7.0

| Dec record low C = -9.4

| year record low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 58

| Feb precipitation mm = 42

| Mar precipitation mm = 51

| Apr precipitation mm = 66

| May precipitation mm = 65

| Jun precipitation mm = 58

| Jul precipitation mm = 40

| Aug precipitation mm = 49

| Sep precipitation mm = 75

| Oct precipitation mm = 86

| Nov precipitation mm = 63

| Dec precipitation mm = 51

| year precipitation mm =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 4.8

| Feb precipitation days = 4.4

| Mar precipitation days = 5.2

| Apr precipitation days = 7.2

| May precipitation days = 7.1

| Jun precipitation days = 5.1

| Jul precipitation days = 3.8

| Aug precipitation days = 5.1

| Sep precipitation days = 6.5

| Oct precipitation days = 6.6

| Nov precipitation days = 5.1

| Dec precipitation days = 4.1

| year precipitation days =

| Jan snow days =0.2

| Feb snow days =0.5

| Mar snow days =0.1

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0.1

| year snow days =

| Jan humidity = 74

| Feb humidity = 71

| Mar humidity = 70

| Apr humidity = 68

| May humidity = 66

| Jun humidity = 60

| Jul humidity = 58

| Aug humidity = 62

| Sep humidity = 70

| Oct humidity = 75

| Nov humidity = 75

| Dec humidity = 76

| year humidity =

| Jan sun = 155

| Feb sun = 167

| Mar sun = 195

| Apr sun = 204

| May sun = 229

| Jun sun = 255

| Jul sun = 288

| Aug sun = 273

| Sep sun = 210

| Oct sun = 183

| Nov sun = 153

| Dec sun = 143

| year sun =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web

| url = http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=0367&k=cat| title = Valores climatológicos normales. Girona Aeropuerto| publisher = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología| accessdate = February 4, 2021}}{{cite web| url = http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cat&l=0367&datos=det| title = Valores extremos. Girona Aeropuerto| publisher = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología| accessdate = February 4, 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=08184&ano=2022&mes=5&day=22&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title= 08184: Gerona / Costa Brava (Spain)|author= |date= 21 May 2022|website=ogimet.com|publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 23 May 2022|quote=}}| source =

}}

The semi-desert climate and steppe climate (BSh and BSk in the Köppen climate classification) is predominant in south-eastern Spain (covering most of Alicante, Murcia and Almería provinces), and in certain parts of the Ebro Valley. It is also present in parts of the centre (Madrid, Toledo, Ciudad Real and Albacete provinces), south and west of the country which borders between a Mediterranean and semi-arid climate. It is very hot during the summer (temperatures can exceed {{convert|40|°C|°F}}) and the drought usually extends into the autumn. Rainfall in these areas are usually between 200 mm and 500 mm.{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}{{Weather box

| width = 100%

| location = Murcia (1991–2020), extremes (1984–)

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 28.7

| Feb record high C = 29.4

| Mar record high C = 33.6

| Apr record high C = 37.4

| May record high C = 41.0

| Jun record high C = 42.5

| Jul record high C = 45.7

| Aug record high C = 46.2

| Sep record high C = 44.6

| Oct record high C = 35.5

| Nov record high C = 31.0

| Dec record high C = 27.2

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 17.2

| Feb high C = 18.5

| Mar high C = 21.1

| Apr high C = 23.6

| May high C = 27.2

| Jun high C = 31.5

| Jul high C = 34.3

| Aug high C = 34.5

| Sep high C = 30.5

| Oct high C = 26.1

| Nov high C = 20.7

| Dec high C = 17.6

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 11.3

| Feb mean C = 12.4

| Mar mean C = 14.8

| Apr mean C = 17.2

| May mean C = 20.7

| Jun mean C = 24.9

| Jul mean C = 27.8

| Aug mean C = 28.1

| Sep mean C = 24.6

| Oct mean C = 20.3

| Nov mean C = 15.0

| Dec mean C = 12.0

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 5.3

| Feb low C = 6.3

| Mar low C = 8.4

| Apr low C = 10.7

| May low C = 14.2

| Jun low C = 18.2

| Jul low C = 21.2

| Aug low C = 21.8

| Sep low C = 18.6

| Oct low C = 14.6

| Nov low C = 9.4

| Dec low C = 6.3

| year low C =

| Jan record low C = -7.5

| Feb record low C = -3.9

| Mar record low C = -2.4

| Apr record low C = 0.0

| May record low C = 4.0

| Jun record low C = 8.0

| Jul record low C = 13.0

| Aug record low C = 14.0

| Sep record low C = 9.6

| Oct record low C = 4.4

| Nov record low C = -1.0

| Dec record low C = -6.0

| year record low C =

| Jan precipitation mm = 26.7

| Feb precipitation mm = 18.9

| Mar precipitation mm = 30.3

| Apr precipitation mm = 29.5

| May precipitation mm = 20.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 16.5

| Jul precipitation mm = 1.2

| Aug precipitation mm = 11.9

| Sep precipitation mm = 37.6

| Oct precipitation mm = 27.3

| Nov precipitation mm = 29.0

| Dec precipitation mm = 32.5

| year precipitation mm =

| precipitation color = green

| Jan snow days =0.1

| Feb snow days =0

| Mar snow days =0

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0

| Dec snow days =0

| year snow days =

| Jan precipitation days = 3.2

| Feb precipitation days = 3.1

| Mar precipitation days = 3.5

| Apr precipitation days = 3.8

| May precipitation days = 3.0

| Jun precipitation days = 1.8

| Jul precipitation days = 0.3

| Aug precipitation days = 1.3

| Sep precipitation days = 3.0

| Oct precipitation days = 3.8

| Nov precipitation days = 4.0

| Dec precipitation days = 3.2

| year precipitation days =

| unit precipitation days = 1 mm

| Jan humidity = 63

| Feb humidity = 60

| Mar humidity = 57

| Apr humidity = 53

| May humidity = 50

| Jun humidity = 48

| Jul humidity = 49

| Aug humidity = 53

| Sep humidity = 59

| Oct humidity = 63

| Nov humidity = 64

| Dec humidity = 66

| year humidity =

| Jan sun = 198

| Feb sun = 198

| Mar sun = 229

| Apr sun = 261

| May sun = 310

| Jun sun = 342

| Jul sun = 366

| Aug sun = 326

| Sep sun = 249

| Oct sun = 226

| Nov sun = 192

| Dec sun = 180

| year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 65

| Feb percentsun = 65

| Mar percentsun = 62

| Apr percentsun = 66

| May percentsun = 70

| Jun percentsun = 77

| Jul percentsun = 81

| Aug percentsun = 78

| Sep percentsun = 67

| Oct percentsun = 65

| Nov percentsun = 63

| Dec percentsun = 60

| year percentsun =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología{{cite web |title=AEMET OpenData |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |publisher=AEMET |access-date=1 December 2024}}{{cite web |title=Extreme values in Murcia |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=mur&l=7178I&datos=det&x=7178I&m=13&v=todos |publisher=AEMET |access-date=21 February 2021}}

| source =

}}

The desert climate exists in a few zones of the south-eastern coast of Spain and in much parts of the Canary Islands. Within mainland Spain, it appears predominantly in Almería, with the city of Almería bordering a hot desert climate categorization (Köppen: BWh) as the average temperature is {{Convert|19.1|C|F}} and the average precipitation is approximately 200mm.{{Cite web|url=http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos|title=Almería Aeropuerto: Almería Aeropuerto - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España|first=Agencia Estatal de|last=Meteorología|website=www.aemet.es}} This area extends to the Andarax and Almanzora river valleys and the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, which are also known for having also a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh), with a precipitation amount of {{convert|156|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} per year{{cite web |url=https://digitum.um.es/xmlui/bitstream/10201/2278/1/105410.pdf?sequence=1 |title=LOS CLIMAS SECOS DE ESPAÑA SEGUN EL SISTEMA DE KOPPEN |date=1987 |website=digitum.um.es |format=PDF|access-date=2020-08-17}} which is reportedly the driest place in Europe.{{Cite web |last=@NatGeoES |date=2020-05-25 |title=¿A dónde va nuestra agua? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.es/a-donde-va-nuestra-agua |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=National Geographic |language=es}} The desert climate exists in other areas of the southeast, such as the Tabernas Desert, which has an annual average temperature of {{Convert|17.9|C|F}} placing it just {{Convert|0.1|C|F}} below under the categorization of hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh), so it has a cold desert climate (Köppen: BWk). It also exists in areas of Murcia and specific points inland of the province of Alicante.{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/divulgacion/publicaciones/Atlas-climatologico/Atlas.pdf |title= IBERIAN CLIMATE ATLAS |website=www.aemet.es |access-date=2020-08-17}}{{Weather box

|location = Almería (Almería Airport) elevation: {{cvt|21|m}}; (1991–2020) extremes (1933–present)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 25.7

|Feb record high C = 27.0

|Mar record high C = 32.4

|Apr record high C = 32.1

|May record high C = 36.3

|Jun record high C = 40.8

|Jul record high C = 41.6

|Aug record high C = 42.0

|Sep record high C = 38.4

|Oct record high C = 34.5

|Nov record high C = 29.0

|Dec record high C = 27.7

|year record high C = 42.0

|Jan high C = 17.0

|Feb high C = 17.6

|Mar high C = 19.4

|Apr high C = 21.3

|May high C = 24.3

|Jun high C = 27.8

|Jul high C = 30.5

|Aug high C = 31.2

|Sep high C = 28.2

|Oct high C = 24.5

|Nov high C = 20.3

|Dec high C = 17.9

|year high C = 23.3

|Jan mean C = 12.8

|Feb mean C = 13.4

|Mar mean C = 15.1

|Apr mean C = 17.1

|May mean C = 20.1

|Jun mean C = 23.6

|Jul mean C = 26.4

|Aug mean C = 27.2

|Sep mean C = 24.2

|Oct mean C = 20.6

|Nov mean C = 16.3

|Dec mean C = 13.9

|year mean C = 19.2

|Jan low C = 8.7

|Feb low C = 9.2

|Mar low C = 10.9

|Apr low C = 12.9

|May low C = 15.8

|Jun low C = 19.3

|Jul low C = 22.2

|Aug low C = 23.1

|Sep low C = 20.2

|Oct low C = 16.6

|Nov low C = 12.3

|Dec low C = 9.8

|year low C = 15.1

|Jan record low C = 0.1

|Feb record low C = 1.0

|Mar record low C = 1.0

|Apr record low C = 6.0

|May record low C = 8.4

|Jun record low C = 10.4

|Jul record low C = 12.0

|Aug record low C = 14.8

|Sep record low C = 10.1

|Oct record low C = 3.4

|Nov record low C = 3.1

|Dec record low C = 2.0

|year record low C = 0.1

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 20.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 23.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 20.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 15.2

|May precipitation mm = 10.9

|Jun precipitation mm = 5.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.6

|Aug precipitation mm = 2.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 16.1

|Oct precipitation mm = 25.2

|Nov precipitation mm = 25.1

|Dec precipitation mm = 31.8

|year precipitation mm = 197.5

|unit precipitation days = 1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 2.7

|Feb precipitation days = 2.7

|Mar precipitation days = 3.1

|Apr precipitation days = 2.6

|May precipitation days = 1.6

|Jun precipitation days = 0.6

|Jul precipitation days = 0.2

|Aug precipitation days = 0.3

|Sep precipitation days = 1.9

|Oct precipitation days = 3.1

|Nov precipitation days = 3.2

|Dec precipitation days = 3.0

|year precipitation days =

|Jan humidity = 66

|Feb humidity = 65

|Mar humidity = 65

|Apr humidity = 63

|May humidity = 61

|Jun humidity = 61

|Jul humidity = 60

|Aug humidity = 62

|Sep humidity = 65

|Oct humidity = 68

|Nov humidity = 66

|Dec humidity = 67

|year humidity =

|Jan sun = 195

|Feb sun = 198

|Mar sun = 242

|Apr sun = 270

|May sun = 307

|Jun sun = 336

|Jul sun = 353

|Aug sun = 329

|Sep sun = 261

|Oct sun = 226

|Nov sun = 192

|Dec sun = 186

|year sun =

|Jan percentsun = 63

|Feb percentsun = 65

|Mar percentsun = 65

|Apr percentsun = 68

|May percentsun = 70

|Jun percentsun = 77

|Jul percentsun = 79

|Aug percentsun = 78

|Sep percentsun = 70

|Oct percentsun = 65

|Nov percentsun = 63

|Dec percentsun = 62

|year percentsun =

| source 1 = Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia (AEMET OpenData) {{cite web|url = https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |title = AEMET OpeenData |publisher = Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia |access-date = 12 May 2024 |archive-date = 16 May 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516100540/https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData |url-status = live}}{{cite web |url = http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=6297&datos=det&x=6297&m=12&v=todos |title = Valores extremos. Almería Almería Aeropuerto |work = Agencia Estatal de Meteorología |publisher = Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Gobierno de España |access-date = 6 May 2021 |archive-date = 6 May 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210506032517/http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=6297&datos=det&x=6297&m=12&v=todos |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url = https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/7968e236|title = Extremes|website = opendata.aemet.es|publisher = AEMET OpenData |language = es |access-date = 25 December 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241225071746/https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/7968e236|archive-date = 2024-12-25}}{{cite web |url = https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/4f8c00f8|title = Normal|website = opendata.aemet.es|publisher = AEMET OpenData|language = es |access-date = 25 December 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241225071712/https://opendata.aemet.es/opendata/sh/4f8c00f8|archive-date = 2024-12-25}}|

}}

Besides the above three major climate zones, there are four other climate types in Spain:

• The mountainous climate is present in the Picos de Europa, Sistema Central, Sistema Ibérico, Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada, qualified as an Alpine climate, Spain's major mountain systems.
• The low-lying areas of the Canary Islands have influences of tropical climate in terms of temperature, this being mild and stable ({{convert|18|to|26|°C|°F|disp=or}}) throughout the year. Most of the islands have hot desert climates or hot semi-desert climates, and a low altitude areas have tropical steppe climates, like the cities of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria or La Palma.{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/2Atlas_climatologico/Atlas_Clima_Macaronesia___Baja.pdf|title= MACARONESIAN CLIMATE ATLAS |website=www.aemet.es |access-date=2020-08-17}} In terms of precipitation, the eastern islands are arid while the westernmost ones are semi-arid and receive more rainfall, with some very wet areas in the mountains of La Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife, home to the cloud forest known as laurisilva. The easternmost islands are arid with Saharan climate moderated by the Atlantic Ocean.

The southernmost coast of Spain (Málaga and Granada's coastal strip) has the warmest winters across Europe, with very sunny and mostly warm days with total absence of winter frosts allowing for the prolific cultivation of tropical fruits such as mango, papaya, cherimoya, pitaya and the carambola, amongst others.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/a-pedir-de-boca/pedir-boca-frutas-tropicales-malaga/706987/|title=A pedir de boca - Frutas tropicales Málaga - RTVE.es|date=September 2, 2011|via=www.rtve.es}} The benign winter, with minimum night temperatures in January rarely falling below 5 °C (46 °F) is due to the microclimate created by the Sierra Nevada mountains to the north of this coastal strip, preventing cooler north winds from reaching the area.

Parts of the south East coast also have a hot arid climate, with annual average temperatures above 18 °C and annual rainfall below 250mm. Almeria, Murcia and Alicante provinces are the only areas in Europe within this climatic zone.{{Cite web |last=Meteorología |first=Agencia Estatal de |title=Valores climatológicos normales - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=www.aemet.es |language=es}}

According to AEMET, the climate in Spain is extremely diverse, due to its very diverse orography. In total, there are 13 Köppen climate types in Spain, with the polar tundra type (ET) becoming extinct from the period 1981-2010. These are the climates that are found in majority of Spain:

• Mediterranean climate (Cs): Predominates the country and occupies around 60.2% of the territory. It is characterized by dry (warm or hot) summers and mild, rainy winters. The hot summer (Csa) is more extensive compared to the warm summer (Csb).
• Semi-arid climate (Bs): It is present in a significant part, occupying around 21.3% of the country. It is predominant in the southeast, but also in a significant portion of the country's interior, such as the Meseta Central. The cold semi-arid (BSk) is much more extensive than the hot semi-arid (BSh). However, the hot semi-arid still occupies more than 1% of the territory, which is significant compared to continental climates that occupy a smaller percentage. Spain has the largest semi-arid areas on the European continent.
• Temperate climate without dry season (Cf): The oceanic climate (Cfb) and the humid subtropical (Cfa) also occupy a significant portion, although in a smaller percentage. Around 17.4% has the Cf climate, with the oceanic climate accounting for around 13% and the humid subtropical climate accounting for around 4.4%. It is predominant in the north of Spain, with mild winters and warm summers (or hot in the case of Cfa) and it is rainy throughout the year.

In addition to these, the continental climates with dry summer Dsa, Dsb, Dsc and no dry season Dfb and Dfc are also present. The hot desert climate (BWh) and the cold desert climate (BWk) occupy around 0.3% of the territory and are only present in the southeast of the country.{{Cite web |title=Evolucion de los climas de Koppen en España: 1951-2020 |url=https://www.aemet.es/documentos/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/NT_37_AEMET/NT_37_AEMET.pdf |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

In the Canary Islands, arid and semi-arid climates predominate, but there is also a significant portion with a mediterranean climate:

• Desert climate (BW): It occupies around 48.1% of the territory, with the hot arid (BWh) being significantly more extensive than the cold arid (BWk).
• Semi-arid climate (Bs): It occupies around 21.4%, with the hot semi-arid (BSh) being more extensive than the cold semi-arid (BSk).
• Mediterranean climate (Cs): Occupies around 30.5%, with the warm summer Mediterranean (Csb) being more extensive than the hot summer Mediterranean (Csa).

It is also present extremely small areas that have a dry summer continental climate (Ds).

A very limited area, located right at the eastern coastline of La Palma can be described as closely bordering on wet and dry tropical climate with dry season experienced during high sun months (As), given the mean temperature of the coldest month of the year is generally at or slightly above 18°C at sea level, and the average yearly amount of precipitation results in a borderline non-arid climate by Köppen's definition.

{{Excerpt|Climate change in Spain}}

{{See also|List of extreme temperatures in Spain}}

Nationwide, the official lowest temperature ever reported in Spain is {{convert|-32.0|C|F}} in Estany Gento, Province of Lleida on 2 February 1956; {{Cite web |date=2021-01-08 |title=El récord de frío de -34º C no será reconocido por la agencia de meteorología |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/natural/20210108/6173987/record-frio-34o-c-sera-reconocido-agencia-meteorologia.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=La Vanguardia |language=es}} although in recent years lower temparatures have been recorded by stations not belonging to AEMET, the lowest being {{convert|−35.8|C|F}} at Vega de Liordes, in the Picos de Europa.https://www.eldiario.es/castilla-y-leon/provincias/leon/vega-liordes-leon-bate-jueves-record-historico-temperatura-minima-espana-35-6-grados_1_6732862.html

Conversely, the highest, officially, is {{convert|47.6|C|F}} at La Rambla, Cordoba on 14 August 2021.{{Cite web |last=Moya |first=Miguel |date=2022-08-02 |title=La AEMET "corrige" la máxima absoluta de España (que sigue estando en la provincia de Córdoba) |url=https://cordopolis.eldiario.es/el-tiempo/climatologia/aemet-corrige-maxima-absoluta-espana-sigue-estando-provincia-cordoba_1_9211955.html |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Cordópolis |language=es}}

| {{convert|-8.2|C}}

|-

| Seville{{cite web |url=http://www.iberianature.com/material/Spain_climate/sevilla_climate.htm |title=Climate and weather of Sevilla |website=IberiaNature}}

| {{convert|46.6|C}}

| {{convert|-5.5|C}}

|-

| Granada{{Cite web |title=Granada Aeropuerto - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=and&l=5530E&datos=det&x=5530E&m=13&v=TMX |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|46|C}}

| {{convert|-14.2|C}}

|-

| Málaga{{cite web |url=http://www.iberianature.com/material/Spain_climate/malaga_climate.htm |title=Climate and weather of Malaga |website=IberiaNature}}

| {{convert|44.2|C}}

| align="center" | {{Convert|-3.8|C|F}}

|-

! Continental || ||

|-

| Zaragoza{{cite web |url=http://www.iberianature.com/material/Spain_climate/zaragoza_climate.htm |title=Climate and weather of Zaragoza |website=IberiaNature}}

| {{convert|44.5|C}}

| {{convert|-14|C}}

|-

| Albacete{{Cite web |title=Albacete - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos*?w=0&k=clm&l=8178D&datos=det&x=8178D&m=13&v=TMX |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| align="center" | {{Convert|42.7|C|F}}

| {{convert|-24.0|C}}

|-

| Teruel{{Cite web |title=Teruel - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=arn&l=8368U&datos=det |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|41.3|C}}

| {{convert|-21|C}}

|-

| Valladolid{{Cite web |title=Valladolid - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=cle&l=2422&datos=det |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|41.1|C}}

| {{convert|-11.5|C}}

|-

! Northern Atlantic || ||

|-

| Ourense{{Cite web |title=Ourense - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=gal&l=1690A&datos=det |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|44.1|C}}

| {{convert|-8.6|C}}

|-

| Bilbao{{Cite web |title=Bilbao Aeropuerto - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=pva&l=1082&datos=det |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|44|C}}

| {{convert|-8.6|C}}

|-

| A Coruña{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 |title=Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010) |website=AEMET}}

| {{convert|39.6|C}}

| {{convert|-3.0|C}}

|-

| Oviedo{{Cite web |title=Oviedo - Valores Extremos |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=ast&l=1249I&datos=det |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia}}

| {{convert|39|C}}

| {{convert|-6.0|C}}

|-

| Vigo{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 |title=Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010) |website=AEMET}}

| {{convert|40.8|C}}

| {{convert|-5.0|C}}

|}

• Climate of Barcelona
• Climate of Valencia
• Climate of Madrid
• Climate of Bilbao
• Climate of Gibraltar
• Wave height
• Western Mediterranean oscillation

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Europe topic|Climate of}}

{{Spain topics}}

Spain