Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

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The CPTPP evolved from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) abbreviated as TPP11 or TPP-11,{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2017 |title="大筋合意に至ったTPP11 包括的及び先進的な環太平洋パートナーシップ協定" |url=https://www.mizuho-ri.co.jp/publication/research/pdf/insight/pl171113.pdf |website=Mizuho Research Institute (in Japanese)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115222322/https://www.mizuho-ri.co.jp/publication/research/pdf/insight/pl171113.pdf |archive-date=15 November 2017}} an agreement which was never ratified due to the withdrawal of the United States.{{cite news |last1=Jegarajah |first1=Sri |last2=Dale |first2=Craig |last3=Shaffer |first3=Leslie |date=21 May 2017 |title=TPP nations agree to pursue trade deal without US |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/20/tpp-nations-agree-to-pursue-trade-deal-without-us.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521053459/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/20/tpp-nations-agree-to-pursue-trade-deal-without-us.html |archive-date=21 May 2017 |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=CNBC}}

The TPP had been signed on 4 February 2016 but never entered into force, as the U.S. withdrew from the agreement soon after the election of President Donald Trump.{{cite news |last=Riley |first=Charles |date=23 January 2017 |title=Trump's decision to kill TPP leaves door open for China |url=https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/23/news/economy/tpp-trump-china/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125172523/https://money.cnn.com/2017/01/23/news/economy/tpp-trump-china/ |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=23 January 2017 |website=CNN Business}} All other TPP signatories agreed in May 2017 to revive the agreement,{{cite news |date=21 May 2017 |title=Saving the Trans-Pacific Partnership: What are the TPP's prospects after the US withdrawal? |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/saving-the-trans-pacific-partnership-what-are-the-tpps-prospects-after-the-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521171835/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/saving-the-trans-pacific-partnership-what-are-the-tpps-prospects-after-the-us |archive-date=21 May 2017 |access-date=21 May 2017 |website=The Straits Times}} with Shinzo Abe's administration in Japan widely reported as taking the leading role in place of the U.S.{{cite journal |last=Goodman |first=Matthew P. |date=8 July 2022 |title=Shinzo Abe's Legacy as Champion of the Global Economic Order |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/shinzo-abes-legacy-champion-global-economic-order |journal=Center for Strategic and International Studies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708232509/https://www.csis.org/analysis/shinzo-abes-legacy-champion-global-economic-order |archive-date=8 July 2022}}{{cite news |last=Funabashi |first=Yoichi |date=22 February 2018 |title=In America's absence, Japan takes the lead on Asian free trade |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/22/in-americas-absence-japan-takes-the-lead-on-asian-free-trade/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225317/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/22/in-americas-absence-japan-takes-the-lead-on-asian-free-trade/ |archive-date=22 February 2018 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}

In January 2018, the CPTPP was created as a succeeding agreement, retaining two-thirds of its predecessor's provisions; 22 measures favored by the U.S. but contested by other signatories were suspended, while the threshold for enactment was lowered so as not to require U.S. accession.{{cite news |last1=Dwyer |first1=Colin |date=8 March 2018 |title=The TPP Is Dead. Long Live The Trans-Pacific Trade Deal |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/08/591549744/the-tpp-is-dead-long-live-the-trans-pacific-trade-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308152317/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/08/591549744/the-tpp-is-dead-long-live-the-trans-pacific-trade-deal |archive-date=8 March 2018 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NPR}}{{Cite news |last=Goodman |first=Matthew P. |date=8 March 2018 |title=From TPP to CPTPP |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/tpp-cptpp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309022313/https://www.csis.org/analysis/tpp-cptpp |archive-date=9 March 2018 |access-date=13 April 2018 |work=Center for Strategic and International Studies}}

The agreement to establish the CPTPP was signed on 8 March 2018 by Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam, with the ceremony held in Santiago, Chile.{{cite news |author=AP Staff |date=8 March 2018 |title=11 nations to sign Pacific trade pact as US plans tariffs |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/news/business/11-nations-sign-pacific-trade-pact-plans-tariffs-article-1.3863220 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308194244/https://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/news/business/11-nations-sign-pacific-trade-pact-plans-tariffs-article-1.3863220 |archive-date=8 March 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |work=New York Daily News |agency=Associated Press}}{{cite news |last1=Swick |first1=Brenda C. |last2=Augruso |first2=Dylan E. |date=19 January 2018 |title=Canada Reaches Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement |url=https://www.natlawreview.com/article/canada-reaches-comprehensive-and-progressive-trans-pacific-partnership-agreement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129182819/https://natlawreview.com/article/canada-reaches-comprehensive-and-progressive-trans-pacific-partnership-agreement |archive-date=29 January 2018 |access-date=9 March 2018 |website=The National Law Review}} The agreement specifies that its provisions enter into effect 60 days after ratification by at least half the signatories (six of the eleven participating countries). On 31 October 2018, Australia was the sixth nation to ratify the agreement; it subsequently came into force for the initial six ratifying countries on 30 December 2018.{{Cite web |date=2018-10-31 |title=The CPTPP Enters Into Force on December 30, 2018 |url=https://asiantradecentre.org/talkingtrade/the-cptpp-enters-into-force-on-december-30-2018 |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=Asian Trade Centre |language=en-US}}

During the round of negotiations held concurrently with the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in Vietnam in November 2017, the Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau refused to sign the agreement in principle, stating reservations about the provisions on culture and automotives. Media outlets in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, which strongly supported quick movement on a deal, strongly criticized what they portrayed as Canadian sabotage.{{cite web|last=Tasker|first=John Paul|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-tpp-canada-not-ready-apec-1.4398824|title='We weren't ready' to close deal: Trudeau defends Canada's actions on TPP |website=CBC News|date=11 November 2017|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112052608/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-tpp-canada-not-ready-apec-1.4398824|archive-date=12 November 2017|url-status=live}}

Canada insisted that cultural and language rights, specifically related to its French-speaking minority, be protected.{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tpp-champagne-deal-1.4499616|title=Canada reaches deal on revised Trans-Pacific Partnership |website=CBC News|date=23 January 2018|access-date=14 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123173103/https://cbc.ca/news/politics/tpp-champagne-deal-1.4499616|archive-date=23 January 2018|url-status=live}}

However, Canada's major reservation was a conflict between the percentage of a vehicle that must originate in a CPTPP member nation to enter tariff-free, which was 45% under the original TPP language and 62.5% under the NAFTA agreement. Japan, which is a major automobile part exporter, strongly supported lower requirements. In January 2018, Canada announced that it would sign the CPTPP after obtaining binding side letters on culture with every other CPTPP member country, as well as bilateral agreements with Japan, Malaysia, and Australia related to non-tariff barriers. Canada's Auto Parts Manufacturers' Association sharply criticized increasing the percentages of automobile parts that may be imported tariff-free, noting that the United States was moving in the opposite direction by demanding stricter importation standards in the NAFTA renegotiation, later USMCA.

In February 2019, Canada's Jim Carr, Minister of International Trade Diversification, delivered a keynote address at a seminar concerning CPTPP - Expanding Your Business Horizons, reaching out to businesses stating the utilisation of the agreement provides a bridge that will enable people, goods and services to be shared more easily.{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2019/02/minister-carr-calls-on-manitoba-businesses-to-expand-their-horizons-with-the-help-of-the-cptpp.html |title=Minister Carr calls on Manitoba businesses to expand their horizons with the help of the CPTPP |website=Government of Canada|date=13 February 2019|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214122648/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2019/02/minister-carr-calls-on-manitoba-businesses-to-expand-their-horizons-with-the-help-of-the-cptpp.html|archive-date=14 February 2019|url-status=live}}

The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) incorporates most of the provisions of the abandoned Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, using mutatis mutandis.{{Cite web |last=Trade |first=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and |title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/about-us/who-we-are/treaties/comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-tpp |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade |language=en-NZ}} Several clauses within Article 30 of the TPP were suspended for the CPTPP, including:

• Accession (30.4)
• Entry into Force (30.5)
• Withdrawal (30.6)
• Authentic Texts (30.8).

The final text of CPTPP was mostly identical to the original TPP, except for some provisions advanced by the United States under the TPP, but not supported by the other members. In the intellectual property chapter, copyright and patent terms were shortened relative to TPP, and standards for digital IP protections were eliminated. Provisions allowing use of investor–state dispute settlements for investment agreements and authorizations were also rescinded. In summary, the CPTPP amends aspects of the following TPP chapters:

• Chapter 9: Investment{{Cite web |title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/Trade-agreements/CPTPP/Comprehensive-and-Progressive-Agreement-for-Trans-Pacific-Partnership-CPTPP-English.pdf |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, New Zealand |access-date=9 November 2024}}
• Chapter 10: Cross-Border Trade in Services
• Chapter 11: Financial Services
• Chapter 13: Telecommunications
• Chapter 15: Government Procurement
• Chapter 18: Intellectual Property
• Chapter 20: Environment
• Chapter 26: Transparency and Anti-Corruption.

There are currently 30 chapters in the CPTPP Agreement listed below:{{Cite web |title=TTWTO VCCI - (FTA) Full Text of CPTPP |url=https://wtocenter.vn/chuyen-de/12782-full-text-of-cptpp |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=wtocenter.vn |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Opportimes |first=Redacción |date=2022-10-19 |title=The CPTPP: 12 major commitments |url=https://www.opportimes.com/the-cptpp-12-major-commitments/ |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Opportimes |language=en}}

{{Legend|#ff8|Amended TPP Chapters}}

The chapter on goods requires the elimination of most tariffs between members and the final elimination of approx 99% of tariff lines.

The e-commerce chapter of the CPTPP mandates that signatories adopt or at the very least maintain laws for consumer protection with the aim to fight fraud and deceptive commercial activities.{{cite news |author1=Sanjay Kathuria |author2=Arti Grover |author3=Viviana Maria Eugenia Perego |author4=Aaditya Mattoo |author5=Pritam Banerje |date=2019 |title=Unleashing E-Commerce for South Asian Integration |website=World Bank Publications |page=57 |isbn=9781464815195}}

The chapter on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) requires signatories to share information about SOEs with each other, with the intent of engaging with the issue of state intervention in markets. It includes the most detailed standards for intellectual property of any trade agreement, as well as protections against Intellectual property infringement against corporations operating abroad.{{cite news |last=Greenfield |first=Charlotte |date=31 October 2018 |title=Countering global protectionism, Pacific trade pact nears takeoff |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp/trans-pacific-trade-deal-to-come-into-force-on-dec-30-nz-minister-idUSKCN1N42QV/ |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031004615/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp/trans-pacific-trade-deal-to-come-into-force-on-dec-30-nz-minister-idUSKCN1N42QV/ |archive-date=31 October 2018 |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=Reuters}}

{{Main|Member states of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership}}

An overview of the legislative process in selected states is shown below:

On 28 June 2018, Mexico became the first country to finish its domestic ratification procedure of the CPTPP, with President Enrique Peña Nieto stating, "With this new generation agreement, Mexico diversifies its economic relations with the world and demonstrates its commitment to openness and free trade".{{cite news|last=O'Boyle|first=Michael|title=Mexico's senate ratifies sweeping Asia-Pacific trade deal|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-mexico/mexicos-senate-ratifies-sweeping-asia-pacific-trade-deal-idUSKBN1HW0AT|website=Reuters|date=25 April 2018|url-access=registration|access-date=9 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425081854/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-mexico/mexicos-senate-ratifies-sweeping-asia-pacific-trade-deal-idUSKBN1HW0AT/|archive-date=25 April 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Hon D.|date=28 June 2018|url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/cptpp-law-house-mexico-first-ratify|title=CPTPP law in the House as Mexico first to ratify|website=Beehive New Zealand|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809122006/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/cptpp-law-house-mexico-first-ratify|archive-date=9 August 2018|url-status=live}}

On 6 July 2018, Japan became the second country to ratify the agreement.{{cite web|date=6 July 2018|url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002101.html|title=Press Releases: Notification of Completion of Domestic Procedures for the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP11 Agreement)|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803194010/https://www.mofa.go.jp/press/release/press4e_002101.html|archive-date=3 August 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Hon D.|date=6 July 2018|url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/japan-world%E2%80%99s-third-largest-economy-ratifies-cptpp|title=Japan, world's third largest economy, ratifies CPTPP|website=The Beehive|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022073623/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/japan-world%E2%80%99s-third-largest-economy-ratifies-cptpp|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live}}

On 19 July 2018, Singapore became the third country to ratify the agreement and deposit its instrument of ratification.{{Cite web |title=CPTPP |url=https://www.mti.gov.sg/en/Improving-Trade/Free-Trade-Agreements/CPTPP |access-date=25 October 2020|website=Ministry of Trade and Industry Singapore|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806125835/https://www.mti.gov.sg/en/Improving-Trade/Free-Trade-Agreements/CPTPP|archive-date=6 August 2020|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Hon D.|date=19 July 2018|url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/singapore-becomes-third-nation-ratify-cptpp|title=Singapore becomes third nation to ratify CPTPP|website=The Beehive|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022073639/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/singapore-becomes-third-nation-ratify-cptpp|archive-date=22 October 2018|url-status=live}}

On 17 October 2018, the Australian Federal Parliament passed relevant legislation through the Senate.{{cite news|url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/australia-becomes-fourth-signatory-country-to-ratify-cptpp/140295.vnp|title=Australia becomes fourth signatory country to ratify CPTPP|date=17 October 2018|website=VietnamPlus|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605135432/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/australia-becomes-fourth-signatory-country-to-ratify-cptpp-post140295.vnp|archive-date=5 June 2024|url-status=live}} The official ratification was deposited on 31 October 2018. This two-week gap made Australia the sixth signatory to deposit its ratification of the agreement, and it came into force 60 days later.{{cite web|last1=Morrison|first1=Scott|last2=Birmingham|first2=Simon|date=31 October 2018|url=https://trademinister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2018/sb_mr_181031.aspx|title=Australia ratifies the TPP-11|website=Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117005749/https://trademinister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2018/sb_mr_181031.aspx|archive-date=17 January 2019|url-status=dead}}

On 25 October 2018, New Zealand ratified the CPTPP, increasing the number of countries that had formally ratified the agreement to four.{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Hon D.|date=25 October 2018|url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-ratifies-cptpp-during-trade-minister%E2%80%99s-trip-ottawa-and-washington|title=New Zealand ratifies CPTPP during trade minister's trip to Ottawa and Washington|website=The Beehive|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025000248/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-zealand-ratifies-cptpp-during-trade-minister%E2%80%99s-trip-ottawa-and-washington|archive-date=25 October 2018|url-status=live}}

Also on 25 October 2018, Canada passed and was granted royal assent on the enabling legislation. The official ratification was deposited on 29 October 2018.{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2018/10/statement-by-minister-carr-on-canadas-ratification-of-comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership.html|title=Statement by Minister Carr on Canada's Ratification of Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership|date=29 October 2018|website=Government of Canada|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029194311/https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2018/10/statement-by-minister-carr-on-canadas-ratification-of-comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership.html|archive-date=29 October 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/monday-cptpp-ratification-1.4882501|title=Canada ratifies, Pacific Rim trade deal set to take effect by end of year|first=Janyce |last=McGregor|date=29 October 2018|website=CBC News|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030064047/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/monday-cptpp-ratification-1.4882501|archive-date=30 October 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/cptpp-ptpgp/timeline_negotiations-chronologie_negociations.aspx?lang=eng|title=Timeline of discussions|website=Government of Canada|date=20 February 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531083651/https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/cptpp-ptpgp/timeline_negotiations-chronologie_negociations.aspx?lang=eng|archive-date=31 May 2024|url-status=live}}

On 2 November 2018, the CPTPP and related documents were submitted to the National Assembly of Vietnam for ratification.{{cite web|url=http://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/transpacific-trade-agreement-submitted-to-na-for-approval-695470.vov|title=Trans-Pacific trade agreement submitted to NA for approval|date=2 November 2018|website=Voice of Vietnam|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225142750/https://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/transpacific-trade-agreement-submitted-to-na-for-approval-695470.vov|archive-date=25 February 2020|url-status=live}} On 12 November 2018, the National Assembly passed a resolution unanimously ratifying the CPTPP.{{cite web|url=http://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/na-ratifies-cptpp-trade-deal-698470.vov|title=NA ratifies CPTPP trade deal|date=12 November 2018|website=Voice of Vietnam|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225142757/https://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/na-ratifies-cptpp-trade-deal-698470.vov|url-status=live}} The Vietnamese government officially notified New Zealand of its ratification on 15 November 2018.{{cite web|last=Parker|first=Hon D.|date=15 November 2018|url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/viet-nam-seventh-nation-ratify-cptpp |website=The Beehive|title=Viet Nam seventh nation to ratify CPTPP |access-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115153628/https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/viet-nam-seventh-nation-ratify-cptpp|archive-date=15 November 2018|url-status=live}}

On 14 July 2021, the CPTPP was approved by the Congress of the Republic of Peru. The official ratification was deposited on 21 July 2021.

On 30 September 2022, Malaysia ratified the CPTPP and deposited its instrument of ratification.{{cite web |title=Malaysia Ratifies The CPTPP|url=https://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/Media%20Release/MEDIA_RELEASE_MALAYSIA_RATIFIES_THE_CPTPP_5_OCTOBER_2022.pdf |website=Malaysia Ministry Of International Trade And Industry|date=5 October 2022|access-date=12 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014175844/https://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/Media%20Release/MEDIA_RELEASE_MALAYSIA_RATIFIES_THE_CPTPP_5_OCTOBER_2022.pdf|archive-date=14 October 2022|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |title=Malaysia ratifies the CPTPP |url=https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2126461 |website=Bernama| date=10 May 2022 |access-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008140615/https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2126461|archive-date=8 October 2022|url-status=live}}

On 17 April 2019, the CPTPP was approved by the Chamber of Deputies of Chile. The final round of approval in the Senate was scheduled for November 2019, after being approved by its Commission of Constitution.{{cite web|date=17 October 2019|last= |title=Comisiones concluyen el análisis del TPP11 y pasa a Sala - Senado - República de Chile |url=https://www.senado.cl/noticias/tlc/comisiones-concluyen-el-analisis-del-tpp11-y-pasa-a-sala |access-date=19 October 2019|website=Republica da Chile Senado|language=es-CL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924060641/https://www.senado.cl/noticias/tlc/comisiones-concluyen-el-analisis-del-tpp11-y-pasa-a-sala|archive-date=24 September 2021|url-status=live}} However, due to a series of massive protests against the government of Sebastián Piñera, the ratification process was paused. Only in 2022, the ratification process was resumed after a new Congress and a new President were elected. Despite the public opposition of Gabriel Boric to the treaty before his election as President, the new administration did not interfere in the voting. The CPTPP was approved in the Senate with 27 votes in favor (mainly from the right-wing opposition and some center-left politicians) and 10 against, mostly by members of the ruling coalition.{{cite web |last1=Paranhos |first1=Simona |last2=Reyes |first2=Carlos |date=11 October 2022|title=Senado aprueba TPP11, con votos en contra de parlamentarios oficialistas |url=https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/senado-aprueba-tpp11-con-votos-en-contra-de-parlamentarios-oficialistas/VC2OCHLYJRFPXCCKIRFBJAAAPY/ |access-date=11 October 2022|website=La Tercera|language=es-CL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011224100/https://www.latercera.com/politica/noticia/senado-aprueba-tpp11-con-votos-en-contra-de-parlamentarios-oficialistas/VC2OCHLYJRFPXCCKIRFBJAAAPY/|archive-date=11 October 2022|url-status=live}} The treaty was deposited on 23 December, once several side letters were negotiated with the other signatories in specific topics considered harmful by the Chilean government.{{cite web |last=Espina |first=Raúl |date=12 October 2020|title=El último gallito del Gobierno con el TPP11 después de su aprobación en el Senado |url=https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2022/10/12/el-ultimo-gallito-del-gobierno-con-el-tpp11-despues-de-su-aprobacion-en-el-senado/ |access-date=19 October 2022|website=El Mostrador|language=es-CL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012043138/https://www.elmostrador.cl/destacado/2022/10/12/el-ultimo-gallito-del-gobierno-con-el-tpp11-despues-de-su-aprobacion-en-el-senado/|archive-date=12 October 2022|url-status=live}} On 23 February 2023, Boric ratified Chile's entry to TPP-11.{{cite web |last=Portes |first=Ignacio |date=23 February 2023|title=Chile formally joins TPP-11 multilateral trade alliance |url=https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/02/23/chile-tpp-multilateral-trade-alliance/ |access-date=23 February 2023|website=The Brazilian Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319142458/https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2023/02/23/chile-tpp-multilateral-trade-alliance/ |archive-date=19 March 2023|url-status=live}}

On 13 May 2023, Brunei ratified the CPTPP and deposited its instrument of ratification.{{cite web|title= Brunei becomes 11th nation to ratify CPTPP trade deal|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/Brunei-becomes-11th-nation-to-ratify-CPTPP-trade-deal|last=Sato |first=Fumika |website=Nikkei Asia|date =16 May 2023| access-date =17 May 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516003844/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/Brunei-becomes-11th-nation-to-ratify-CPTPP-trade-deal|archive-date=16 May 2023|url-status=live}}

The agreement came into effect 60 days after ratification and deposit of accession documents by at least half the signatories (six of the eleven signatories).{{cite news |last1=Dwyer |first1=Colin |date=8 March 2018 |title=The TPP Is Dead. Long Live The Trans-Pacific Trade Deal |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/08/591549744/the-tpp-is-dead-long-live-the-trans-pacific-trade-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308152317/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/08/591549744/the-tpp-is-dead-long-live-the-trans-pacific-trade-deal |archive-date=8 March 2018 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=NPR}} Australia was the sixth country to ratify the agreement, which was deposited with New Zealand on 31 October 2018, and consequently the agreement came into force between Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and Singapore on 30 December 2018.

On 1 January 2019, Australia, Canada, Mexico, New Zealand, and Singapore implemented a second round of tariff cuts. Japan's second tariff cut took place on 1 April 2019.

On 15 November 2018, Vietnam deposited the accession documents, and the agreement entered into force in Vietnam on 14 January 2019.{{cite news |last1=Elms |first1=Deborah Kay|date=23 January 2019|title=The Unsexy Challenge of CPTPP |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/The-Unsexy-Challenge-of-CPTPP |access-date=23 January 2019 |website=Nikkei Asia|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223216/https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/The-Unsexy-Challenge-of-CPTPP|archive-date=23 January 2019|url-status=live}}

On 21 July 2021, Peru deposited the accession documents, and the agreement entered into force in Peru on 19 September 2021.

On 30 September 2022, Malaysia deposited the accession documents, and the agreement entered into force in Malaysia on 29 November 2022.{{cite web|last=Chung|first=Hailey|date=6 October 2022|title=CPTPP will come into effect for Malaysia on Nov 29, says Azmin |url=https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/cptpp-will-come-effect-malaysia-nov-29-says-azmin |website=The Edge Malaysia|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-date=6 June 2024|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606122403/https://theedgemalaysia.com/article/cptpp-will-come-effect-malaysia-nov-29-says-azmin}}

On 23 December 2022, Chile deposited the accession documents, and the agreement entered into force in Chile on 21 February 2023.

On 13 May 2023, Brunei deposited the accession documents, and the agreement entered into force in Brunei on 12 July 2023.{{cite web|title=CPTPP member countries are 100% operational|url=https://worldnationnews.com/cptpp-member-countries-are-100-operational/|website=World Nation News|date=13 July 2023|access-date=13 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713210104/https://worldnationnews.com/cptpp-member-countries-are-100-operational/|archive-date=13 July 2023|url-status=live}}

The CPTPP Commission is the decision-making body of the CPTPP, which was established when the CPTPP entered into force on 30 December 2018.{{cite news |title=News First CPTPP Commission Meeting |url=https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/news/Pages/news.aspx|website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=1 February 2019 |date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126060912/https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/news/Pages/news.aspx |archive-date=26 January 2019 |url-status=dead}}

The official languages of CPTPP are English, French, and Spanish; English is used prevailing in the case of conflict or divergence.{{cite web|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/Comprehensive-and-Progressive-Agreement-for-Trans-Pacific-Partnership-CPTPP-English.pdf|website=Government of New Zealand|title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Preamble|access-date=10 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303214558/https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/Comprehensive-and-Progressive-Agreement-for-Trans-Pacific-Partnership-CPTPP-English.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2018|url-status=dead}} The CPTPP commission in 2025 is chaired by Australia.{{cite web|title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)|url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership|website=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=30 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530130515/https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership|archive-date=30 May 2025|url-status=live}}

1st CPTPP Commission (2019)

Representatives from the eleven CPTPP signatories participated in the 1st CPTPP Commission meeting held in Tokyo on 19 January 2019,{{cite web |date=19 January 2019 |title=TPP Commission |url=https://japan.kantei.go.jp/98_abe/actions/201901/_00023.html |website=Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828125632/https://japan.kantei.go.jp/98_abe/actions/201901/_00023.html|archive-date=28 August 2020|url-status=live}} which decided:

• A decision about the chairing and administrative arrangements for the commission and special transitional arrangements for 2019;{{cite news |title=Decision by the Commission of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership regarding Administration for Implementation of the CPTPP |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_01.pdf |access-date=1 February 2019|website=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172055/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_01.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}}
• A decision to establish the accession process for interested economies to join the CPTPP; Annex{{cite news |title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) Accession Process |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_03.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201171945/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_03.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}}
• A decision to create rules of procedure and a code of conduct for disputes involving Parties to the;{{cite news |title=Decision by the Commission of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership regarding SSDS Rules of Procedures for Panels |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_04.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019 |date=19 January 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172010/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_04.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}} Annex;{{cite news |title=Rules of Procedure Under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_05.pdf|work=Cabinet Secretariat|access-date=1 February 2019 |date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201171926/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_05.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}} Annex I{{cite news |title=Annex I Code of Conduct for State-State Dispute Settlement Under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_06.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172036/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_06.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}}
• A decision to create a code of conduct for investor-State dispute settlement.;{{cite news |title=Decision by the Commission of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership regarding ISDS Code of Conduct|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_07.pdf |access-date=1 February 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172012/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_07.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}} Annex{{cite news |title=CODE OF CONDUCT FOR INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT UNDER CHAPTER 9 SECTION B (INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT) OF THE COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_08.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172033/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_dec_en_08.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}}* Members of the CPTPP Commission also issued a joint ministerial statement on 19 January 2019.{{cite news

|title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership Ministerial Statement Tokyo, Japan, January 19, 2019 |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_statement_en.pdf|access-date=1 February 2019|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=19 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201172035/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tpp11/pdf/190119_tpp_statement_en.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2019|url-status=dead}}

2nd CPTPP Commission (2019)

The 2nd CPTPP Commission meeting was held on 9 October 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand. Alongside the commission, the following Committees met for the first time in Auckland: Trade in Goods; Rules of Origin; Agricultural Trade; Technical Barriers to Trade; Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures; Small and Medium Sized Enterprises; State Owned Enterprises; Development; Cooperation and Capacity Building; Competitiveness and Business Facilitation; Environment; and the Labour Council. The Commission adopted two formal decisions, (i) on its Rules of Procedure under Article 27.4 and (ii) to establish a Roster of Panel Chairs as provided for under Article 28.11.{{cite news

|title=Commission Report|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/CPTPP-2nd-Commission-Report.pdf|access-date=20 October 2019|work=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042817/https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/CPTPP-2nd-Commission-Report.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=dead}}{{cite news

|title=Concluding Joint Statement|url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/CPTPP-Joint-Statement.pdf|access-date=20 October 2019|work=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042816/https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/CPTPP/CPTPP-Joint-Statement.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=dead}}

3rd CPTPP Commission (2020)

The 3rd CPTPP Commission meeting was held virtually and hosted by Mexico on 5 August 2020.{{cite web

|title=Third CPTPP Commission Meeting|url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/news/Pages/cptpp-news|work=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade|access-date=7 August 2020 |date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812214527/https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/news/Pages/cptpp-news|archive-date=12 August 2020|url-status=dead}}

4th CPTPP Commission (2021)

The 4th CPTPP Commission meeting was held virtually and hosted by Japan on 2 June 2021. The Commission decided to move forward with the application of the United Kingdom as an aspirant economy.{{cite web

|title=Decision by the Commission of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership regarding the United Kingdom's Formal Request to Commence the Accession Process|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tppinfo/2021/pdf/20210602_cptpp_iinkaikettei_en.pdf |access-date=18 June 2021|work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214220/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tppinfo/2021/pdf/20210602_cptpp_iinkaikettei_en.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2021|url-status=live}}

5th CPTPP Commission (2021)

The 5th CPTPP Commission meeting was held virtually and hosted by Japan on 1 September 2021.{{cite web |title=Decision by the Commission of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership regarding the Establishment of a Committee on Electronic Commerce |url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tppinfo/2021/pdf/20210901_cptpp_iinkaikettei_en.pdf |work=Cabinet Secretariat|date=2 September 2021|access-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214220/https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/tpp/tppinfo/2021/pdf/20210602_cptpp_iinkaikettei_en.pdf|archive-date=2 June 2021|url-status=live}} The Commission decided to establish a Committee on Electronic Commerce composed of government representatives of each Party.

6th CPTPP Commission (2022)

The 6th CPTPP Commission meeting was held on 8 October 2022 and hosted by Singapore.{{cite web |title=Sixth CPTPP Commission Meeting |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/commission-meetings |work=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade |date=8 October 2021 |access-date=28 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013160920/https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/in-force/cptpp/commission-meetings|archive-date=13 October 2022|url-status=dead}}

7th CPTPP Commission (2023)

The 7th CPTPP Commission meeting was held on 16 July 2023 in Auckland, New Zealand. The commission decided to establish a Committee on Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation.{{cite web|date=17 July 2023|title=CPTPP: Joint Ministerial Statement on the Occasion of the Seventh Commission Meeting|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1170933/joint-ministerial-statement-seventh-cptpp-commisison-meeting.pdf|access-date=17 July 2023|website=GOV.UK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717085906/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1170933/joint-ministerial-statement-seventh-cptpp-commisison-meeting.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2023|url-status=live}} The meeting included the formal signing of the accession of the United Kingdom.{{cite news|last=Crerar|first=Pippa|date=16 July 2023|title=Kemi Badenoch signs treaty for UK to join Indo-Pacific trade bloc|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jul/16/kemi-badenoch-signs-treaty-for-uk-to-join-indo-pacific-trade-bloc-cptpp-uk-economy|access-date=17 July 2023|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716121921/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jul/16/kemi-badenoch-signs-treaty-for-uk-to-join-indo-pacific-trade-bloc-cptpp-uk-economy|archive-date=16 July 2023|url-status=live}}

8th CPTPP Commission (2024)

The 8th CPTPP Commission meeting was held on 28 November 2024 in Vancouver, Canada.{{cite web|title=Canada's chairing of the CPTPP Commission in 2024|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/cptpp-ptpgp/commission-2024.aspx?lang=eng|website=Government of Canada| date=21 February 2024 |access-date=11 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411172421/https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/cptpp-ptpgp/commission-2024.aspx?lang=eng|archive-date=11 April 2024|url-status=live}} The Commission decided to move forward with the application of Costa Rica as an aspirant economy.{{cite web

|author=CPTPP Commission|title=Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) joint ministerial statement, 28 November 2024|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cptpp-joint-ministerial-statement-in-vancouver-canada-28-november-2024/comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership-cptpp-joint-ministerial-statement-28-november-2024|access-date=29 November 2024|website=GOV.UK|date=29 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129153104/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cptpp-joint-ministerial-statement-in-vancouver-canada-28-november-2024/comprehensive-and-progressive-agreement-for-trans-pacific-partnership-cptpp-joint-ministerial-statement-28-november-2024|archive-date=29 November 2024|url-status=live}}

9th CPTPP Commission (2025)

The 8th CPTPP Commission meeting will be held Australia, as the chair of the CPTPP in 2025.

CPTPP rules require all twelve signatories to agree to the admission of additional members.{{cite web|last=Kye-wan|first=Cho|date=5 February 2021|title=As UK joins CPTPP hopefuls, S. Korea hurries to prepare application |url=https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_business/982068.html|website=The Hankyoreh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205113603/https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_business/982068.html|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=5 February 2021|url-status=live}} Article 34 of CPTPP states that "any State or separate customs territory that is a member of APEC, and any other State or separate customs territory as the Parties may agree" are eligible accede to the agreement.{{cite web|title=Consolidated TPP Text – Chapter 30 – Final Provisions|url=https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/tpp-ptp/text-texte/30.aspx?lang=eng|website=Government of Canada| date=10 February 2017 |access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=15 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515175845/https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/tpp-ptp/text-texte/30.aspx?lang=eng|url-status=live}}{{cite web|last1=Stephens|first1=Hugh|last2=Kucharski|first2=Jeff|date=15 November 2022|title=The CPTPP Bids of China and Taiwan: Issues and Implications|url= https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/cptpp-bids-of-china-and-taiwan-issues-and-implications |website=Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115223107/https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/cptpp-bids-of-china-and-taiwan-issues-and-implications|archive-date=15 November 2022|url-status=live}}

File:CPTPP applications-expressed interest.png

Current applicants

Chinese leaders have made aspirational statements about joining the TPP since 2013.{{Cite book |last1=Ma |first1=Xinru |title=Beyond Power Transitions: The Lessons of East Asian History and the Future of U.S.-China Relations |last2=Kang |first2=David C. |date=2024 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-55597-5 |series=Columbia Studies in International Order and Politics |location=New York}}{{Rp|page=177}} In May 2020, China's Premier Li Keqiang said that China was willing to consider joining CPTPP.{{cite news|last=Zhenhua|first=Lu|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-05-29/premier-sends-powerful-signal-for-china-to-join-asia-pacifics-largest-trade-pact-101560855.html|title=Premier Sends 'Powerful' Signal for China to Join Asia-Pacific's Largest Trade Pact|date=29 May 2020|website=Caixin Global|access-date=31 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606210805/https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-05-29/premier-sends-powerful-signal-for-china-to-join-asia-pacifics-largest-trade-pact-101560855.html|archive-date=6 June 2020|url-status=live}} Meanwhile, China's leader Xi Jinping said at an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit in November 2020 that China would "actively consider" joining CPTPP.

In December 2020, Japan Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi has said that "TPP-11 sets high standards for regulations on e-commerce, intellectual property and state-owned enterprises", suggesting the amount of government intervention in the Chinese economy will not meet CPTPP requirements.{{Cite web|last1=Kato|first1=Masaya|last2=Takeuchi|first2=Kosuke|date=16 September 2021|title=With eye on China, Japan refuses to ease TPP rules for new members|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/With-eye-on-China-Japan-refuses-to-ease-TPP-rules-for-new-members|url-access=subscription|access-date=29 September 2021|website=Nikkei Asia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217182027/https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/With-eye-on-China-Japan-refuses-to-ease-TPP-rules-for-new-members|archive-date=17 December 2020|url-status=live}}

China's application to CPTPP is unlikely to gain traction. Although not a member of CPTPP, the U.S. can exercise the "Wrecking amendment" (Article 32.10) within the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement to dissuade Canada and Mexico from voting in favour of the Chinese application.{{cite news|last=Tiezzi|first=Shannon|date=17 September 2021|title=Will China Actually Join the CPTPP|url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/will-china-actually-join-the-cptpp/|access-date=29 September 2021|website=The Diplomat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917153557/https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/will-china-actually-join-the-cptpp/|archive-date=17 September 2021|url-status=live}}

On 16 September 2021, China formally applied to join CPTPP.

Japan Economy Minister Yasutoshi Nishimura was quoted by Reuters: "Japan believes that it's necessary to determine whether China, which submitted a request to join the TPP-11, is ready to meet its extremely high standards"; indicating that Japan would not support the Chinese application under the current circumstances.{{cite news|date=16 September 2021|title=China applies to join Pacific trade pact to boost economic clout|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-officially-applies-join-cptpp-trade-pact-2021-09-16/|access-date=29 September 2021|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107133350/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-officially-applies-join-cptpp-trade-pact-2021-09-16/|archive-date=7 November 2023|url-status=live}}

Former Australian Trade Minister Dan Tehan indicated that Australia would oppose China's application until China halts trade strikes against Australian exports and resumes minister-to-minister contacts with the Australian government. Also, Australia has lodged disputes against China in the WTO on restrictions imposed by China on exports of barley and wine.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/sep/18/australia-to-oppose-chinas-bid-to-join-trade-pact-until-it-halts-strikes-against-exports|title=Australia to oppose China's bid to join trade pact until it halts strikes against exports|agency=Australian Associated Press|date=18 September 2021|website=The Guardian|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918004314/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/sep/18/australia-to-oppose-chinas-bid-to-join-trade-pact-until-it-halts-strikes-against-exports|archive-date=18 September 2021|url-status=live}}

Costa Rica filed its application to join the CPTPP trade pact on 11 August 2022.{{cite web|author=Kyodo News|url=https://nordot.app/932425877555707904?c=39546741839462401 |title=中米コスタリカがTPP加盟申請 |location=São Paulo|date=17 August 2022|website=Kyodo News|language=Japanese|access-date=17 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817134556/https://nordot.app/932425877555707904?c=39546741839462401|archive-date=17 August 2022|url-status=dead}} Costa Rica was invited to begin accession talks by CPTPP, an Accession Working Group for Costa Rica to be chaired by Peru and vice-chaired by Canada and New Zealand.{{cite web|last=Murillo|first=Alavaro|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/costa-rica-receives-invitation-join-trans-pacific-partnership-trade-agreement-2024-11-29/|title=Costa Rica receives invitation to join Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement|date=29 November 2024|website=Reuters|location=San Jose|access-date=29 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241129152623/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/costa-rica-receives-invitation-join-trans-pacific-partnership-trade-agreement-2024-11-29/|archive-date=29 November 2024|url-status=live}} On 28 April 2025, Japan announced it would support their application.{{Cite web |date=2025-04-24 |title=Japan to Cooperate over Costa Rica's CPTPP Membership Bid |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2025042401237/ |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=nippon.com |language=en}}

Ecuador filed its application to join the CPTPP trade pact on 29 December 2021 as the country moves to reduce its reliance on oil and diversify its economy through exports.

Indonesia initially showed the least interest of three linked ASEAN members to apply to CPTPP, however continued to monitor the developments of the trade bloc, with Indonesian ambassador to the US Rosan Roeslani leaving the door open but clarifying that Indonesia was not in the process of applying to CPTPP at that time.{{cite web|last1=Hayden|first1=Shannon|last2=Heine|first2=Javiera|url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/cptpp-can-we-expect-additional-southeast-asian-members-soon/|title=CPTPP: Can We Expect Additional Southeast Asian Members Soon?|date=10 March 2022|access-date=18 November 2023|website=The Diplomat|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310015312/https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/cptpp-can-we-expect-additional-southeast-asian-members-soon/|archive-date=10 March 2022|url-status=live}} In October 2023, Jakarta Globe reported that the primary reason for Indonesia's lack of interest in CPTPP was due to the government's policy of reducing imported goods in its public procurement in order to develop its domestic industry, which is incompatible with CPTPP requirements for members to eliminate over 98 percent of tariffs in the free trade area.{{cite web|last=Shofa|first=Jayanty|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-still-has-no-plans-to-join-cptpp-trade-pact|title=Indonesia Still Has No Plans to Join CPTPP Trade Pact|date=12 October 2023|access-date=18 November 2023|website=Jakarta Globe|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013024534/https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-still-has-no-plans-to-join-cptpp-trade-pact|archive-date=13 October 2023|url-status=live}} In December 2023, Chief Economic Affairs Minister Airlangga Hartarto heavily discussed CPTPP with British Trade Envoy to Indonesia, Richard Graham; this meeting occurred a few months after the UK signed the accession protocols to join CPTPP.{{cite web|last=Shofa|first=Jayanty|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-eyes-cptpp-to-enter-latin-american-market|title=Indonesia Eyes CPTPP to Enter Latin American Market|date=22 December 2023|access-date=7 January 2024|website=Jakarta Globe|archive-date=22 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222213653/https://jakartaglobe.id/business/indonesia-eyes-cptpp-to-enter-latin-american-market|url-status=live}} In April 2024, Hartarto conveyed Indonesia's interest in joining CPTPP to British Minister of State for Indo-Pacific Anne-Marie Trevelyan during a meeting in London; Trevelyan emphasised that the UK supported Indonesia's bids to join the OECD and CPTPP.{{cite web|last1=Saputra|first1=Bayu|last2=Adji|first2=Raka|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/312276/indonesia-expresses-interest-in-joining-cptpp|title=Indonesia expresses interest in joining CPTPP|date=1 May 2024|access-date=7 May 2024|website=Antara|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501164955/https://en.antaranews.com/news/312276/indonesia-expresses-interest-in-joining-cptpp|archive-date=1 May 2024|url-status=live}} On 3 June 2024, Hartarto announced that Indonesia would apply to join CPTPP in 2024, as it would be a faster method to gain access to new markets, highlighting the UK and Mexico, than negotiating individual bilateral agreements.{{cite web|last1=Damayanti|first1=Ismi|last2=Sagami|first2=Maki|last3=Senga|first3=Iyo|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Future-of-Asia/The-Future-of-Asia-2024/Indonesia-to-apply-for-CPTPP-membership-this-year-minister|title=Indonesia to apply for CPTPP membership this year: minister|date=24 May 2024|access-date=3 June 2024|url-access=subscription|website=Nikkei Asia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524075911/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/The-Future-of-Asia/The-Future-of-Asia-2024/Indonesia-to-apply-for-CPTPP-membership-this-year-minister|archive-date=24 May 2024|url-status=live}}

Indonesia filed its application to join the CPTPP trade pact on 19 September 2024.

Taiwan applied to join CPTPP on 22 September 2021.{{cite web|last1=Liang|first1=Pei-Chi|last2=Liu|first2=Kay|title=Taiwan submits application to join CPTPP trade deal|url=https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202109220022 |website=Focus Taiwan|access-date=22 September 2021 |language=zh-Hant-TW|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922150412/https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202109220022|archive-date=22 September 2021|url-status=dead}}

It had previously expressed interest to join TPP in 2016.{{cite web|last=Tsai|first=Ing-wen|url=https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/4906 |date=5 June 2016|title=President Tsai meets delegation led by US Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain |website=Office of the President {{!}} Republic of China (Taiwan) |access-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206154444/https://english.president.gov.tw/NEWS/4906|archive-date=6 December 2017|url-status=live}} After TPP's evolution to CPTPP in 2018, Taiwan indicated its will to continue efforts to join CPTPP.{{cite news |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3591986 |date=7 December 2018 |last=Strong|first=Matthew|title=Taiwan will continue CPTPP efforts despite comments by Japan |website=Taiwan News |access-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124043217/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3591986|archive-date=24 January 2019|url-status=dead}} In December 2020, the Taiwanese government stated that it would submit an application to join CPTPP following the conclusion of informal consultations with existing members.{{cite web |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/12/14/business/taiwan-apply-tpp-trade/ |title=Taiwan on track to apply to join trans-Pacific trade pact |website=The Japan Times|url-access=subscription|date=14 December 2020|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214013031/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/12/14/business/taiwan-apply-tpp-trade/|archive-date=14 December 2020|url-status=live}}

In February 2021 again, Taiwan indicated its will to apply to join CPTPP at an appropriate time.{{cite news|url=https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2004776 |date=2 February 2021|last=Lin|first=Shirley|title=Taiwan will apply to join CPTPP at the right time: Foreign ministry |website=Radio Taiwan International |access-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202211832/https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2004776|archive-date=2 February 2021|url-status=live}} A few days after China submitted its request to join the CPTPP, Taiwan sent its own request to join the CPTPP, a move that has been one of the main policy objectives of Tsai Ing-wen's government.{{cite news|last1=Lin|first1=Miaojung|last2=Baschuk|first2=Bryce|last3=Wang|first3=Cindy|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-22/taiwan-applies-to-join-pacific-trade-deal-just-days-after-china|date=22 September 2021|title=Taiwan Applies to Join Pacific Trade Deal Just Days After China |website=Bloomberg|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 September 2021}}

On 1 May 2023, the Ukrainian government announced its intention for the accession of Ukraine to CPTPP.{{cite news|url=https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/utvoreno-delehatsiiu-ukrainy-dlia-uchasti-u-perehovorakh-pro-pryiednannia-do-uhody-pro-transtykhookeanske-partnerstvo|title=Ukraine's delegation to the negotiations on accession to Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership appointed|date=1 May 2023|website=gov.ua|author=Ministry of Economy of Ukraine|access-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503130933/https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/utvoreno-delehatsiiu-ukrainy-dlia-uchasti-u-perehovorakh-pro-pryiednannia-do-uhody-pro-transtykhookeanske-partnerstvo|archive-date=3 May 2023|url-status=live}} Ukraine aims to accelerate its efforts to restore its economy severely damaged by the Russian invasion.{{cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/04/22/business/ukraine-pacific-trade-deal/|title=Ukraine planning to apply for membership in major Pacific trade pact|date=22 April 2023|website=The Japan Times|url-access=subscription|access-date=29 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422091459/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/04/22/business/ukraine-pacific-trade-deal/|archive-date=22 April 2023|url-status=dead}} Canadian Trade Minister Mary Ng expressed support for Ukraine's application.{{cite news|last1=Shakil|first1=Ismail|last2=Scherer|first2=Steve|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/canada-backs-ukraines-application-join-trans-pacific-trade-pact-2023-05-26/|title=Canada backs Ukraine's application to join trans-Pacific trade pact|date=26 May 2023|website=Reuters|access-date=29 May 2023|location=Ottawa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526225620/https://www.reuters.com/world/canada-backs-ukraines-application-join-trans-pacific-trade-pact-2023-05-26/|archive-date=26 May 2023|url-status=live}} Ukraine submitted a formal request to join the trade bloc on 5 May 2023.

Uruguay filed its application to join the CPTPP trade pact on 1 December 2022. Uruguay's application received backlash from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, of which make up the Mercosur trade bloc, particularly following President Lacelle Pou opening negotiations for a free trade agreement with China and signalling his willingness to cut deals with other countries. Paraguay's Foreign Minister Julio Arriola responded by stating that "Mercosur member states should negotiate as a bloc and via consensus and we continue in that line,” citing the organization's founding treaties.{{cite web|last=Parks|first=Ken|title=Mercosur Tensions Rise as Uruguay Seeks Trade Deal Outside Bloc|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-01/mercosur-tensions-rise-as-uruguay-seaks-trade-deal-outside-bloc|date=1 December 2022|website=Bloomberg|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626152340/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-12-01/mercosur-tensions-rise-as-uruguay-seaks-trade-deal-outside-bloc|archive-date=26 June 2024|url-status=live}}

The following countries have table shows the existing free trade agreements between CPTPP member states and applicants, the more existing FTAs the faster the negotiations. As listed by the World Trade Organization.

Several countries have expressed interest in joining CPTPP since the revisions from TPP, including Colombia, Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand.{{Cite web |date=19 July 2018|title=TPP countries to start accession talks for new members in 2019 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/19/business/tpp-countries-start-accession-talks-new-members-2019/|url-access=subscription|access-date=6 September 2022|website=The Japan Times |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111612/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/19/business/tpp-countries-start-accession-talks-new-members-2019/|archive-date=20 July 2018|url-status=live}}

In April 2024, Finland and Sweden proposed to the European Union that it should deepen ties with the Asia-Pacific region including CPTPP, in addition to the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.{{cite web|last=Gijs|first=Camille|date=18 April 2024|title=The EU needs to get its trade mojo back, say Sweden and Finland|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-eu-needs-get-its-trade-mojo-back-say-sweden-and-finland/|website=Politico|access-date=8 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517201447/https://www.politico.eu/article/the-eu-needs-get-its-trade-mojo-back-say-sweden-and-finland/|archive-date=17 May 2025|url-status=live}}

At the beginning of his second Presidency, US President Donald Trump rapidly began imposing "Reciprocal tariffs" on countries with large trade deficits with the United States. Following Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs announcement, the European Union and the CPTPP countries revived a stalled plan for a Strategic partnership between the two trade blocs—vocally backed by Canada, New Zealand, and Singapore as well as quietly backed by Japan.{{cite web|last1=Foster|first1=Peter|last2=Gridneff|first2=Ilya|last3=Bounds|first3=Andy|last4=Walker|first4=Owen|date=4 May 2025|title=EU eyes closer ties to transpacific bloc as Trump jolts trade order|url=https://www.ft.com/content/bee31826-012d-4bb1-a6eb-d6cc0d4ef39f|website=Financial Times|location=London; Toronto; Brussels; Singapore|url-access=subscription|access-date=8 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504053133/https://www.ft.com/content/bee31826-012d-4bb1-a6eb-d6cc0d4ef39f|archive-date=4 May 2025|url-status=live}}

On 13 May 2025, Sweden announced that it would propose that the European Union join CPTPP with the aim of forming the world's biggest free trade area to help counter the impact of US President Donald Trump's tariffs. The European Union has free trade agreements with 8 out of 12 CPTPP members, potentially fast tracking any future EU accession negotiations.{{cite web|last=Johnson|first=Simon|date=4 May 2025|title=Sweden to propose EU membership of Pacific rim free trade group CPTPP|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/sweden-propose-eu-membership-pacific-rim-free-trade-group-cptpp-2025-05-13/|website=Reuters|location=Stockholm|url-access=subscription|access-date=8 June 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520030213/https://www.reuters.com/world/china/sweden-propose-eu-membership-pacific-rim-free-trade-group-cptpp-2025-05-13/|archive-date=20 May 2025|url-status=live}}

The Philippines' interest in the CPTPP has remained, but the consultative process and legal analysis of the terms necessary for accession have been drawn out. The Philippines previously wanted to join the TPP in 2016 under Benigno Aquino, who said that the country stood to gain from becoming a member of the trade pact.{{cite news|last=Canivel|first=Roy S.|date=25 March 2021|title=PH wants to join mega free trade pact|url=https://business.inquirer.net/319987/ph-wants-to-join-mega-free-trade-pact|newspaper=The Inquirer|access-date=3 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324213527/https://business.inquirer.net/319987/ph-wants-to-join-mega-free-trade-pact|archive-date=24 March 2021|url-status=live}} Philippine Ambassador to the U.S. Jose Manuel Romualdez later clarified that the US withdrawal from TPP pushed the Philippines' application to CPTPP down the agenda, yet China's interest in acceding to CPTPP has made the trade bloc more attractive for the Philippines. In July 2024, Trade Undersecretary Allan Gepty announced that the Philippines would apply for membership of CPTPP by the end of the year.{{cite news|last=Desiderio|first=Louella|date=24 July 2024|title=Philippines eyes bilateral FTA with Chile|url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2024/07/24/2372396/philippines-eyes-bilateral-fta-chile|website=The Philippine Star|access-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724015328/https://www.philstar.com/business/2024/07/24/2372396/philippines-eyes-bilateral-fta-chile|archive-date=24 July 2024|url-status=live}}

In January 2021, South Korea's Moon administration announced it was interested in joining CPTPP.{{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Channer|first2=Hayley|title=Expanding the CPTPP: A form guide to prospective members|url=https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/expanding-cptpp-form-guide-prospective-members|date=22 February 2021|access-date=13 June 2021|website=The Interpreter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221202948/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/expanding-cptpp-form-guide-prospective-members|archive-date=21 February 2021|url-status=live}} The country will examine sanitary and phytosanitary measures, fisheries subsidies, digital trade and guidelines related to state-run enterprises to meet the requirements that CPTPP had suggested.{{cite web|first=Han-na |last=Park |date=11 January 2021|title=Seoul will actively pursue CPTPP: finance minister |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210111000890|access-date=13 June 2021 |website=The Korea Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111061520/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210111000890|archive-date=11 January 2021|url-status=live}} The South Korean government formally announced it will begin its application to join CPTPP in December 2021.{{cite news|author=Kyodo|title=South Korea to apply for CPTPP free trade pact membership |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/12/13/business/south-korea-cptpp-trade/ |location=Seoul|access-date=25 December 2021|website=The Japan Times |date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213021449/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/12/13/business/south-korea-cptpp-trade/|archive-date=13 December 2021|url-status=dead}} During the 57th Japan-South Korea Business Conference, both parties agreed to support preliminary measures by relevant organisations to facilitate South Korea's bid to join the CPTPP.{{cite web|author=The Korea Herald|date=28 May 2025|title=S. Korean, Japanese biz leaders agree to boost cooperation in AI, chips, CPTPP entry|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10498023|access-date=30 May 2025|website=The Korea Herald|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530142141/https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10498023|archive-date=30 May 2025|url-status=live}}

In November 2021, a Thai government official stated that Thailand aimed to join talks on membership of CPTPP, which had been viewed as a method to boost the Thai economy, additionally it would increase the competitivity of Thai goods against rivals, notably Malaysia and Vietnam, in sectors such as agricultural and electronic industries.{{cite web|last=Thepgumpanat|first=Panarat|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailand-plans-join-talks-trans-pacific-trade-pact-membership-2021-11-22/|title=Thailand plans to join talks on trans-Pacific trade pact membership|date=22 November 2021|website=Reuters|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122140555/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailand-plans-join-talks-trans-pacific-trade-pact-membership-2021-11-22/|archive-date=22 November 2021|url-status=live}} Foreign Minister Don Pramudwinai was expected to submit a letter of intent for the country to apply to join the pact to the cabinet for its approval.{{cite news|last=Arunmas|first=Phusadee|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2202059/minister-to-submit-letter-on-cptpp|title=Minister to submit letter on CPTPP|date=22 October 2022|website=Bangkok Post|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022030655/https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2202059/minister-to-submit-letter-on-cptpp|archive-date=22 October 2021|url-status=live}}

A campaign against joining the pact called "#NoCPTPP" which has gathered 400,000 signatures has demanded the prime minister to not consider joining the pact.{{cite web|url=https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/310313|title=เครือข่าย #NoCPTPP ออกจดหมายเปิดผนึก จี้นายกฯ ยุติถกร่วม CPTPP|date=2 December 2021|access-date=17 April 2022 |language=th |website=Thai PBS|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128090240/https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/310313 |archive-date= 28 Jan 2022 }} Thailand has remained interested in joining CPTPP as part of its free trade agreement strategy to expand its trade and investment opportunities with various partners around the world, however has not submitted a formal application.{{cite news|title=Thailand's FTA strategy to open up new markets|url=https://www.thailand-business-news.com/trade/99308-thailands-fta-strategy-to-open-up-new-markets |first1=Akanksha |last1=Singh |date=21 July 2023|website=Thailand Business News|access-date=18 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721160445/https://www.thailand-business-news.com/trade/99308-thailands-fta-strategy-to-open-up-new-markets|archive-date=21 July 2023|url-status=live}}

On 25 January 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump in an interview announced his interest in possibly rejoining the TPP if it were a "substantially better deal" for the United States. He had withdrawn the U.S. from the original agreement in January 2017.{{cite web|last=Pramuk|first=Jacob|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/25/trump-says-he-would-reconsider-trans-pacific-partnership-trade-deal.html|title=Trump: I would reconsider a massive Pacific trade deal if it were 'substantially better'|date=25 January 2018|website=CNBC|access-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125180624/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/25/trump-says-he-would-reconsider-trans-pacific-partnership-trade-deal.html|archive-date=25 January 2018|url-status=live}} On 12 April 2018, he told the White House National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer to look into joining CPTPP.{{cite web|last1=Fabian|first1=Jordan|last2=Needham|first2=Vicki|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/382867-trump-orders-officials-to-look-into-re-entering-tpp-trade-pact|title=Trump to explore entering Pacific trade pact he once called 'a disaster'|date=12 April 2018 |website=The Hill|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412183313/https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/382867-trump-orders-officials-to-look-into-re-entering-tpp-trade-pact/|archive-date=12 April 2018|url-status=live}} U.S. Wheat Associates President Vince Peterson had said in December 2018 that American wheat exporters could face an "imminent collapse" in their 53% market share in Japan due to exclusion from CPTPP. Peterson added, "Our competitors in Australia and Canada will now benefit from those [CPTPP] provisions, as U.S. farmers watch helplessly." The National Cattlemen's Beef Association stated that exports of beef to Japan, America's largest export market, would be at a serious disadvantage to Australian exporters, whose tariffs on exports to Japan would be cut by 27.5% during the first year of CPTPP.{{cite web|last=Bevege|first=Alison|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN1OT00C|title=Pacific trade pact takes off with tariffs cut in six nations|date=30 December 2018|access-date=30 December 2018|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230020736/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN1OT00C/|archive-date=30 December 2018|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/us-farmers-helpless-as-tpp-boosts-aust|title=US farmers 'helpless' as TPP boosts Aust|date=29 December 2018|website=SBS News|access-date=30 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520173506/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/us-farmers-helpless-as-tpp-boosts-aust/pa006n2v6|archive-date=20 May 2022|url-status=live}}

In December 2020, a bipartisan group of U.S. policy experts, Richard L. Armitage and Joseph S. Nye Jr., called for Washington to join the CPTPP,{{cite news|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/12/87540181c3dd-us-experts-urge-rejoining-pacific-free-trade-deal-amid-chinas-rise.html |date=8 December 2020 |title=U.S. experts urge rejoining Pacific free trade deal amid China's rise |website=Kyodo News|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207205146/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/12/87540181c3dd-us-experts-urge-rejoining-pacific-free-trade-deal-amid-chinas-rise.html|archive-date=7 December 2020|url-status=live}}{{cite journal|first1=Richard L.|last1=Armitage|first2=Joseph S.|last2=Nye Jr.|first3=Victor|last3=Cha|first4=Matthew P.|last4=Goodman|first5=Michael K.|last5=Green|url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-japan-alliance-2020 |date=7 December 2020 |title=The U.S.-Japan Alliance in 2020 – An Equal Alliance with a Global Agenda |journal=Center for Strategic and International Studies|access-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207133627/https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-japan-alliance-2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|url-status=live}} but this call was rejected by Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo when meeting Japanese government leaders on 15 November 2021. Raimondo stated that the Biden administration would not be joining CPTPP but instead planned to create a new trade framework as an alternative to CPTPP in the Indo-Pacific region.{{cite web|date=17 November 2021|title=US will not join CPTPP, but pursue specific trade tie-ups with allies: Gina Raimondo|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/11/17/us-will-not-join-cptpp-but-pursue-specific-trade-tie-ups-with-allies-gina-raimondo|url-access=subscription|access-date=22 November 2022|website=The Star|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118075918/https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/11/17/us-will-not-join-cptpp-but-pursue-specific-trade-tie-ups-with-allies-gina-raimondo |archive-date=18 November 2021|url-status=live}}

Economist {{ill|José Gabriel Palma|es|José Gabriel Palma (economista)}} has criticized the treaty for severely restricting the sovereignty of the signatories.{{cite news|title=El TPP-11 y sus siete mentiras: de democracia protegida a corporaciones protegidas|url=https://www.ciperchile.cl/2019/03/26/el-tpp-11-y-sus-siete-mentiras-de-democracia-protegida-a-corporaciones-protegidas/|last=Palma|first=José Gabriel|date=26 March 2019|access-date=20 July 2021|work=Ciper|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328125430/https://www.ciperchile.cl/2019/03/26/el-tpp-11-y-sus-siete-mentiras-de-democracia-protegida-a-corporaciones-protegidas/|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}} Signatories are subject to international courts and have restrictions on what their state-owned enterprises can do. According to Palma the treaty makes it difficult for countries to implement policies aimed to diversify exports thus becoming a so-called middle income trap. Palma also accuses that the treaty is reinforcing unequal relations by being drafted to reflect the laws of the United States.

In the case of Chile, Palma holds the treaty is redundant regarding the possibilities of trade as Chile already has trade treaties with ten of its members.{{cite news|title=Todo lo que siempre quiso saber sobre el TPP-11 (pero nunca se atrevió a preguntar)|url=https://www.ciperchile.cl/2021/01/26/todo-lo-que-siempre-quiso-saber-sobre-el-tpp-11-pero-nunca-se-atrevio-a-preguntar/|last=Palma|first=José Gabriel|date=26 January 2021|access-date=20 July 2021|work=Ciper|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126205235/https://www.ciperchile.cl/2021/01/26/todo-lo-que-siempre-quiso-saber-sobre-el-tpp-11-pero-nunca-se-atrevio-a-preguntar/|archive-date=26 January 2021|url-status=live}} On the contrary, economist Klaus Schmidt–Hebbel consider that the CPTPP "deepening" of already existing trade relations of Chile is a point in favour of it.{{cite web|url=https://negocios.udd.cl/noticias/2021/03/columna-klaus-schmidt-hebbel-chile-mucho-mejor-con-el-tpp-11/|title=Columna Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel: "Chile: mucho mejor con el TPP-11"|date=31 March 2021|access-date=19 July 2021|website=Universidad del Desarrollo|last=Schmidt-Hebbel|first=Klaus|language=Spanish|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331174735/https://negocios.udd.cl/noticias/2021/03/columna-klaus-schmidt-hebbel-chile-mucho-mejor-con-el-tpp-11/|archive-date=31 March 2021|url-status=live}} In the view of Schmidt-Hebbel approving the treaty is important for the post-Covid economic recovery of Chile and wholly in line with the economic policies of Chile since the 1990s.

In mid November 2021 the Waitangi Tribunal, a standing commission of inquiry established in 1975 to investigate the New Zealand Crown's breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi, found that the Crown had failed to meet its Treaty obligations to protect Māori interests as part of the CPTPP but acknowledged that several major changes occurred in the negotiation process.{{cite news |last1=Dunlop |first1=Māni |title=Waitangi Tribunal finds Crown failed to meet Treaty obligations in parts of CPTPP |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/456080/waitangi-tribunal-finds-crown-failed-to-meet-treaty-obligations-in-parts-of-cptpp |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=RNZ |date=19 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518035228/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/456080/waitangi-tribunal-finds-crown-failed-to-meet-treaty-obligations-in-parts-of-cptpp |archive-date=18 May 2024|url-status=live}} While the Tribunal was satisfied that the Crown's engagement with Māori over the CPTPP and secrecy had been resolved through negotiation, it ruled there were significant risks to Māori in the e-commerce provisions of the CPTPP and data sovereignty.{{cite news |last1=Ruru |first1=Karanama |title=The Waitangi Tribunal, explained |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350201186/waitangi-tribunal-explained |access-date=21 May 2024 |work=Stuff |date=9 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403031616/https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350201186/waitangi-tribunal-explained |archive-date=3 April 2024|url-status=live}} Following an earlier 2016 Tribunal ruling, a Māori advisory committee called Te Taumata had been established while a second body known as Ngā Toki Whakarururanga was established as a result of the mediation agreement.

• Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
• Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP)
• Free trade agreements of Canada
• Free trade agreements of New Zealand
• Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom
• Free trade agreements of Vietnam
• Free trade area
• Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF)
• Market access
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
• Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
• Rules of origin
• Tariff
• Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPSEP)

• Australia–Chile Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA)
• Australia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA)
• Australia–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (AUKFTA)
• Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA)
• Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA)
• Canada–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (CUKFTA)
• Canada–United Kingdom Trade Continuity Agreement (CUKTCA)
• Chile–Mexico Free Trade Agreement (CMFTA)
• Japan–United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (JUKCEPA)
• Malaysia–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (MNFTA)
• Mexico–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (MUKFTA)
• New Zealand–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (NZUKFTA)
• Singapore–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement (SUKFTA)
• United Kingdom–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (UKVFTA)

{{reflist}}

• [https://www.dfat.gov.au/sites/default/files/tpp-11-treaty-text.pdf Agreement text]

{{Economy of Australia}}

{{Economy of Malaysia}}

{{Economy of the United Kingdom}}

{{Free trade agreements of Australia}}

{{Free trade agreements of Canada}}

{{Free trade agreements of New Zealand}}

{{Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom}}

{{Foreign relations of Chile}}

{{Foreign relations of the United Kingdom}}

{{Foreign relations of Vietnam}}

{{Regional organizations}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:2018 in Chilean law

Category:Free trade agreements of Australia

Category:Free trade agreements of Canada

Category:Free trade agreements of Chile

Category:Free trade agreements of Japan

Category:Free trade agreements of Malaysia

Category:Free trade agreements of Mexico

Category:Free trade agreements of New Zealand

Category:Free trade agreements of Peru

Category:Free trade agreements of Singapore

Category:Free trade agreements of Vietnam

Category:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom

Category:Free-trade areas

Category:Trade blocs

Category:Trans-Pacific Partnership

Category:Treaties concluded in 2018

Category:Treaties entered into force in 2018

Category:CPTPP