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Darmstadt#Parks

{{short description|City in Hesse, Germany}}

{{other uses}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}

{{Infobox German place

| type = City

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| total_width = 280

| border = infobox

| perrow = 1/2/2/1

| caption_align = center

| image1 = Luisenplatz, Darmstadt.jpg

| caption1 = Central Darmstadt in January 2005

| image2 = Darmstadt_Residenzschloss_20110514.jpg

| caption2 = Residential Palace

| image3 = Merck KGaA Pyramide Gruener Turm.jpg

| caption3 = Headquarters of Merck Group

| image4 = 171231 Darmstadt Ludwigshöhstr. 3 - 2.jpg

| caption4 = Bessungen old town

| image5 = Views in the Main Control Room (12052189474).jpg

| caption5 = European Space Operations Centre

| image6 = Mathildenhöhe - Darmstadt.JPG

| caption6 = UNESCO World Heritage Site Artists' Colony

}}

| image_coa = Wappen Darmstadt.svg

| image_flag = Hissflagge der Stadt Darmstadt.svg

| region = Darmstadt

| state = Hessen

| district = urban

| coordinates = {{coord|49|52|20|N|8|39|10|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| image_plan = Hessen DA.png

| elevation = 144

| area = 122.23

| postal_code = 64283–64297

| area_code = 06151, 06150

| licence = DA

| Gemeindeschlüssel = 06 4 11 000

| divisions = 9 boroughs

| website = {{URL|https://www.darmstadt.de/|darmstadt.de}}

| mayor = Hanno Benz{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt|format=XLS|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113102212/https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|url-status=live}}

| leader_term = 2023–29

| Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor

| party = SPD

| footnotes = {{designation list

|embed = yes

|designation1 = WHS

|designation1_offname = Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt

|designation1_date = 2021

|designation1_type = Cultural

|designation1_criteria = (ii)(iv)

|designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1614]

}}

}}

File:Hochzeitsturm-Dach-Uhr.jpg architecture]]

Darmstadt ({{IPA|de|ˈdaʁmʃtat|lang|De-Darmstadt.ogg}}) is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city in the state of Hesse after Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden, and Kassel.

Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" ({{langx|de|link=no|Wissenschaftsstadt}}) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Agency's European Space Operations Centre (ESA ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered.{{cite news|title=Wanted: Suitable name for unstable, heavyweight element |newspaper=The Guardian|year=2009|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2009/jun/11/element-112-name-periodic-table|access-date=22 December 2014}} The existence of the following elements was also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research: nihonium (2012), flerovium (2009), moscovium (2012), livermorium (2010), and tennessine (2012).{{cite web|title=Discovery of new elements|publisher=GSI Darmstadt|year=2016|url=https://www.gsi.de/en/researchaccelerators/research_an_overview/neue_elemente.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129211110/https://www.gsi.de/en/researchaccelerators/research_an_overview/neue_elemente.htm|archive-date=29 January 2016}} The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, which is the city's largest employer.

File:P2250381 Darmstadt in Frankfurt-Rhein-Main.jpg

The Mathildenhöhe, including the Darmstadt artists' colony, a major centre of the Jugendstil artistic movement, referring both to the group of artists active in the city in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as the buildings which they designed, together with the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt, were recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2021.{{Cite web|publisher=hessenschau de Frankfurt|date=24 July 2021|title=Unesco-Auszeichnung: Darmstädter Mathildenhöhe ist jetzt offiziell Welterbe|url=https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/unesco-auszeichnung-darmstaedter-mathildenhoehe-ist-jetzt-offiziell-welterbe,mathildenhoehe-welterbe-102.html|access-date=25 July 2021|language=de|archive-date=24 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724155843/https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/unesco-auszeichnung-darmstaedter-mathildenhoehe-ist-jetzt-offiziell-welterbe,mathildenhoehe-welterbe-102.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Welterbe in Deutschland|publisher=Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission|url=https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/welterbe-deutschland/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt|access-date=27 July 2021|language=de|archive-date=19 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819060827/https://www.unesco.de/kultur-und-natur/welterbe/welterbe-deutschland/mathildenhoehe-darmstadt|url-status=live}}

Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign state, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy, the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (and later, information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98. Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, as well as Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse), the wife of Alexander II of Russia, who were related, were born in this city.

History

File:Darmstadt in 1626 Thesaurus Philopoliticus.jpg

File:Darmstadt um 1900.jpg

= Origins =

The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then as Darmundestat.{{cite web | title=Darmstadt, Ortsname | website=AKTUELLES | url=https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/d/darmstadt-ortsname.html | language=de | access-date=31 January 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819060929/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/d/darmstadt-ortsname.html | url-status=live }}

Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330, at which time it belonged to the counts of Katzenelnbogen.{{cite web | url=http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/4.pdf | title = Essential Facts (brochure from the official city website)| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319082609/http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/4.pdf | archive-date=19 March 2009 | year=2005}} The city, then called Darmstait, became a secondary residence for the counts, with a small castle established at the site of the current, much larger edifice.[http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/burgenseitedarmstadt.html Nebenresidenz Darmstadt (darmstait)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005073921/http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/burgenseitedarmstadt.html |date=5 October 2018 }} (from the 'Graf v. Katzenelnbogen' website, in German. Retrieved 5 January 2008.)

When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to the Landgraviate of Hesse, and was seat of the ruling landgraves (1567–1806) and thereafter (to 1918) of the grand dukes of Hesse.{{Cite web|title=Die Geschichte des Grafenhauses|author=Karl. E. Demandt|url=http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/geschichtedemandt.html|access-date=7 January 2023|website=www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005073209/http://www.graf-von-katzenelnbogen.de/geschichtedemandt.html|url-status=live}}{{unreliable source?|date=June 2023}}

= Industrial age =

File:Luisenplatz Darmstadt 1909.jpg

The city's population grew during the 19th century, from a little over 10,000, to 72,000 inhabitants.{{cite web

| publisher = (from the official city website)

| title = Population growth in Darmstadt

| url = http://www.darmstadt.de/en/history/index.html

| access-date = 15 January 2019

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090808205806/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/history/index.html

| archive-date = 8 August 2009

| url-status = dead

}} A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt, was established in 1877.{{cite web

| publisher = TU Darmstadt

| title = Establishment of TU Darmstadt (in German)

| url = http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/universitaet/profil_1/identitaet/index.de.jsp

| access-date = 3 March 2009

| archive-date = 3 April 2012

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120403080335/http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/universitaet/profil_1/identitaet/index.de.jsp

| url-status = dead

}}

In the early 20th century, Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil, the German variant of Art Nouveau.{{cite web | title=Jugendstil | website=Darmstadt Stadtlexikon | url=https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/j/jugendstil.html | language=de | access-date=2023-02-01 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161013/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/j/jugendstil.html | url-status=live }} Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch, working for the pharmaceutical company Merck, first synthesised the chemical MDMA (ecstasy) in Darmstadt.{{cite web | title=Merck Digs Up Truth About Role in the Birth of Ecstasy | website=Deutsche Welle | date=18 August 2006 | url=https://www.dw.com/en/merck-digs-up-truth-about-role-in-the-birth-of-ecstasy/a-2140190 | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201161853/https://www.dw.com/en/merck-digs-up-truth-about-role-in-the-birth-of-ecstasy/a-2140190 | url-status=live }} Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen{{cite web | title=Geschichte | website=ARHEILGEN.de | url=https://www.arheilgen.de/geschichte-wappen.html | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162522/https://www.arheilgen.de/geschichte-wappen.html | url-status=live }} and Eberstadt,{{cite web | title=Eberstadt: Darmstadt | website=Home | url=https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/stadtportraet/stadtteile/eberstadt | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162537/https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/stadtportraet/stadtteile/eberstadt | url-status=live }} and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district (Kreis).{{cite web | title=Historisches Ortslexikon : Landkreise A–Z : LAGIS Hessen | website=Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS) | url=https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/browse/district/411/sn/ol | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061504/https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/browse/district/411/sn/ol | url-status=live }}

= Nazi Germany =

Darmstadt was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, shortly after the Nazis took power in Germany. The shops were only closed for one day, for "endangering communal order and tranquility"."[http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5761/lechlecha/features.htm Beginning of the End]" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015541/http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5761/lechlecha/features.htm |date=30 September 2007 }} – Musman, Moshe; from Borne Aloft on the Wings of a Dove (in-depth feature on Dei'ah veDibur website) In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first forced into a collection camp located in the Liebigschule, and later deported to concentration camps[http://www.darmstadt.de/kultur/geschichte/02648/ Darmstädter Stadtgeschichte 20. Jahrhundert] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070410004257/http://www.darmstadt.de/kultur/geschichte/02648/ |date=10 April 2007 }} (from the official city website, in German, less detailed also in English) where most eventually died. In 1944, the city was also the location of a subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.{{cite book|last=Megargee|first=Geoffrey P.|year=2009|title=The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume I|publisher=Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|page=1023|isbn=978-0-253-35328-3}}

Several prominent members of the German resistance movement against the Nazis were citizens of Darmstadt, including Wilhelm Leuschner and Theodor Haubach, both executed for their opposition to Hitler's regime.{{cite web | title=Leuschner, Wilhelm | website=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de | url=https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/l/leuschner-wilhelm.html | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061502/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/l/leuschner-wilhelm.html | url-status=live }}{{cite web | title=Haubach, Theodor | website=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de | url=https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/haubach-theodor.html | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201162823/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/haubach-theodor.html | url-status=live }}

Darmstadt was first bombed on 30 July 1940, and 34 other air raids would follow before the war's end. The old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid on 11/12 September 1944.{{cite web | title=Brandnacht | website=darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de | url=https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/b/brandnacht.html | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=4 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104123722/https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/b/brandnacht.html | url-status=live }} This attack was an example of "area bombing" using high explosive and incendiary bombs, which combined in that attack to create a firestorm, a self-sustaining combustion process in which winds generated by the fire ensure it continues to burn until everything possible has been consumed.{{cite web | title=Area Bombing Directive des britischen Luftfahrtministeriums | website=Zeitgeschichte in Hessen | url=https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/drec/sn/edb/mode/catchwords/lemma/Luftkrieg/current/0 | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163219/https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/drec/sn/edb/mode/catchwords/lemma/Luftkrieg/current/0 | url-status=live }} During this attack, an estimated 11,000 to 12,500 of the inhabitants were killed, and 66,000 to 70,000 were left homeless. Over three-quarters of Darmstadt's inner city was destroyed.[http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/city/hist.html Darmstadt history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610154626/http://www.tu-darmstadt.de/city/hist.html |date=10 June 2007 }} (from the website of the Technical University of Darmstadt) Post-war rebuilding was done in a relatively plain architectural style, although a number of the historic buildings were rebuilt to their original appearance following the city's capture on 25 March 1945 by the American 4th Armored Division.{{cite web | title=75. Jahrestag der Befreiung Darmstadts von Krieg und Nationalsozialismus | website=Home | url=https://www.darmstadt.de/presseservice/einzelansicht/news/75-jahrestag-der-befreiung-darmstadts-von-krieg-und-nationalsozialismus | language=de | access-date=31 January 2023 | archive-date=31 January 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131174655/https://www.darmstadt.de/presseservice/einzelansicht/news/75-jahrestag-der-befreiung-darmstadts-von-krieg-und-nationalsozialismus | url-status=live }}{{cite web | title=Am Langen Ludwig hing die weiße Fahne | website=Frankfurter Rundschau | date=26 March 2005 | url=https://www.fr.de/politik/langen-ludwig-hing-weisse-fahne-11731791.html | language=de | access-date=31 January 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061334/https://www.fr.de/politik/langen-ludwig-hing-weisse-fahne-11731791.html | url-status=live }} Today around 30% of Darmstadt consists of buildings from before World War II.https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329165923/https://zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Publikationen/Aufsaetze_Archiv/2015_12_NI_GWZ_endgueltig.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 |date=29 March 2024 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}

= Post–World War II =

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Darmstadt became home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997.{{cite news | title=Gründer in Deutschland: Wie Darmstadt zu einem führenden Hightech-Standort Europas wurde | website=FAZ.NET | date=9 June 2022 | url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/wie-darmstadt-zu-einem-fuehrenden-hightech-standort-europas-wurde-18086785.html | language=de | url-access=subscription | access-date=1 February 2023 | last1=Finsterbusch (Text) | first1=Stephan | last2=Bäuml (Fotos) | first2=Lucas | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201163838/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/unternehmen/wie-darmstadt-zu-einem-fuehrenden-hightech-standort-europas-wurde-18086785.html | url-status=live }} It is well known as a high-tech centre in the vicinity of Frankfurt Airport, with important activities in spacecraft operations (the European Space Agency's European Space Operations Centre, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications (substantial Deutsche Telekom presence) and mechatronics. In 2000, its region also scored Rank 3 amongst 97 German regions in the WirtschaftsWoche test ranking Germany's high-tech regions.

The roots of Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences goes back to 1876http://www2.h-da.de/mse/msc_brochure.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} along with Technische Universität Darmstadt (the first electrical engineering chair and inventions fame), when both these Universities were an integrated entities, a need for a separate industry based research educational institution was felt in the early 1930s, finally University of Applied sciences emerged as a separate industry based research educational institution in 1971 and is the largest University of Applied Sciences in Hesse (German: Hessen) with about 16,500 students.{{cite web | last=Caspar | first=Michael | title=Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – h_da Hochschule Darmstadt | website=Startseite – h_da Hochschule Darmstadt | url=https://h-da.de/hochschule/organisation/zahlen-daten-fakten | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061336/https://h-da.de/hochschule/organisation/zahlen-daten-fakten | url-status=live }}

The TU Darmstadt is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines.{{cite web | last=Diez-Holz | first=Lisa | title=Die besten Hochschulen für Ingenieure und Informatiker in Deutschland | website=ingenieur.de – Jobbörse und Nachrichtenportal für Ingenieure | date=28 August 2018 | url=https://www.ingenieur.de/karriere/bildung/hochschule/absolventen-aus-aachen-und-muenchen-am-begehrtesten/ | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023}} Together with other tertiary institutions, the TU is responsible for the large student population of the city, which stood at 33,547 in 2004.

Boroughs

File:Karolinen-Platz-Darmstadt.jpg

File:Darmstadt Blick auf Rheinstraße.jpg

Darmstadt has nine official 'Stadtteile' (boroughs). These are:[http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/statistik/1.pdf Statistischer Ueberblick] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616140758/http://www.darmstadt.de/imperia/md/content/pdf/wirtschaft/statistik/1.pdf |date=16 June 2007 }} ('Statistical overview', from the official city website, in German)

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}

{{div col end}}

Population development

{{Historical populations|align=left|1871|33800|1890|55883|1900|72381|1925|89465|1933|93222|1945|69539|1956|123306|1975|137018|1990|138920|2000|138242|2010|144402|2020|159174

|source={{cite web | title=Bevölkerung in Hessen | website=statistik. hessen.de | url=https://statistik.hessen.de/unsere-zahlen/bevoelkerung | language=de | access-date=2 February 2023 | archive-date=3 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303104429/https://statistik.hessen.de/unsere-zahlen/bevoelkerung | url-status=live }}}}

{{clear|left}}

class="wikitable"

!Rank

!Nationality

!Population (31 December 2022)

1{{flag|Turkey}}4,308
2{{flag|Italy}}2,422
3{{flag|Poland}}1,836
4{{flag|Syria}}1,784
5{{flag|Ukraine}}1,715
6{{flag|China}}1,673
7{{flag|Spain}}1,322
8{{flag|Morocco}}1,138
9{{flag|India}}1,078
10{{flag|Romania}}1,034

Politics

= Mayor =

The current mayor of Darmstadt is Hanno Benz of SPD, who was elected in 2023.

The following is a list of mayors since 1945:

class="wikitable"
Term of officeNameParty
1945–1950Ludwig Metzger (1902–1993)SPD
1951–1971Ludwig Engel (1906–1975)SPD
1971–1981Heinz Winfried Sabais (1922–1981)SPD
1981–1993Günther Metzger (1933–2013)SPD
1993–2005Peter Benz (born 1942)SPD
2005–2011Walter Hoffmann (born 1952)SPD
2011–2023Jochen Partsch (born 1962)Greens
2023–presentHanno BenzSPD

= City council =

File:Darmstadt city council 2021.svg: 5 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Die PARTEI}}|border=silver}} PARTEI: 2 seats
{{Color box|#448581|border=silver}} UFFBASSE: 5 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|border=silver}} SPD: 12 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}|border=silver}} Greens: 20 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Volt Europa}}|border=silver}} Volt: 5 seats
{{Color box|#A037A0|border=silver}} UWiGA: 2 seats
{{Color box|#556B2F|border=silver}} WGD: 1 seat
{{Color box|{{party color|Free Voters}}|border=silver}} FW: 1 seat
{{Color box|{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}|border=silver}} FDP: 4 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}|border=silver}} CDU: 11 seats
{{Color box|{{party color|Alternative for Germany}}|border=silver}} AfD: 3 seats]]

The Darmstadt city council (Stadtverordnetenversammlung) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows:{{cite web | title=Stadtverordnetenversammlung: Darmstadt | website=Home | url=https://www.darmstadt.de/rathaus/politik/stadtverordnetenversammlung | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=19 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240819061838/https://www.darmstadt.de/rathaus/politik/stadtverordnetenversammlung | url-status=live }}

{{election table}}

! colspan=2| Party

! Lead candidate

! Votes

! %

! +/-

! Seats

! +/-

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}|

| align=left| Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)

| align=left| Hildegard Förster-Heldmann

| 1,151,498

| 27.4

| {{decrease}} 2.3

| 20

| {{decrease}} 1

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}|

| align=left| Social Democratic Party (SPD)

| align=left| Tim Huß

| 703,686

| 16.7

| {{decrease}} 0.5

| 12

| ±0

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}|

| align=left| Christian Democratic Union (CDU)

| align=left| Paul Georg Wandrey

| 654,797

| 15.6

| {{decrease}} 2.6

| 11

| {{decrease}} 2

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|The Left (Germany)}}|

| align=left| The Left ({{lang|de|Die Linke}})

| align=left| Karl-Heinz Böck

| 310,074

| 7.4

| {{increase}} 0.6

| 5

| ±0

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Volt Europa}}|

| align=left| Volt Germany (Volt)

| align=left| Nicolas Kämmerer

| 289,023

| 6.9

| New

| 5

| New

|-

| bgcolor=#448581|

| align=left| UFFBASSE

| align=left| Kerstin Lau

| 269,301

| 6.4

| {{decrease}} 1.3

| 5

| ±0

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}|

| align=left| Free Democratic Party (FDP)

| align=left| Leif Blum

| 234,121

| 5.6

| {{increase}} 0.3

| 4

| ±0

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Alternative for Germany}}|

| align=left| Alternative for Germany (AfD)

| align=left| Günter Zabel

| 191,982

| 4.6

| {{decrease}} 4.6

| 3

| {{decrease}} 4

|-

| bgcolor=#A037A0|

| align=left| UWiGA

| align=left| Erich Bauer

| 130,867

| 3.1

| {{decrease}} 0.6

| 2

| {{decrease}} 1

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Die PARTEI}}|

| align=left| Die PARTEI (PARTEI)

| align=left| Holger Eisenblätter

| 90,254

| 2.1

| {{increase}} 1.8

| 2

| {{increase}} 2

|-

| bgcolor=#556B2F|

| align=left| Voters' Association of Darmstadt (WGD)

| align=left| Falk Neumann

| 85,320

| 2.0

| New

| 1

| New

|-

| bgcolor={{party color|Free Voters}}|

| align=left| Free Voters (FW)

| align=left| Harald Uhl

| 79,293

| 1.9

| New

| 1

| New

|-

|

| align=left| Take Part in Darmstadt

| align=left| Dorothea Mondry

| 13,680

| 0.3

| New

| 0

| New

|-

! colspan=3| Valid votes

! 60,815

! 96.6

!

!

!

|-

! colspan=3| Invalid votes

! 2,141

! 3.4

!

!

!

|-

! colspan=3| Total

! 62,956

! 100.0

!

! 71

! ±0

|-

! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout

! 115,119

! 54.7

! {{increase}} 6.9

!

!

|-

| colspan=8| Source: [https://wahlen.statistik.hessen.de/k_2021/html/Gemeindewahl/VG411000 Statistics Hesse]

|}

Transport

= Roads =

Darmstadt is connected to a number of major roads, including two Autobahnen (Bundesautobahn 5{{cite web | title=A5 | website=Autobahnatlas | date=18 August 2004 | url=http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A5.htm#Darmstadt | language=de | access-date=2 February 2023 | archive-date=14 April 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414151140/http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A5.htm#Darmstadt | url-status=live }} and Bundesautobahn 67{{cite web | title=A67 | website=Autobahnatlas | date=19 August 2004 | url=http://www.autobahnatlas-online.de/A67.htm | access-date=2 February 2023 | archive-date=28 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228181316/http://autobahnatlas-online.de/A67.htm | url-status=live }}). The main road passing west–east is the Bundesstraße 26, the Bundesstraße 3 runs north–south. The rural areas east of the city in the Odenwald are accessed by several secondary roads.

= National rail links =

File:Hauptbahnhof Darmstadt 260-62-ftmh.jpg

Darmstadt is connected to the rest of Germany and Europe through its main railway station, Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof, which is located in the western part of the city centre. The station is part of the Intercity-Express network and also served by other long-distance trains. It is a busy station with 12 platforms and serves as a transportation hub for the southern Hesse/Odenwald region.

= Regional rail links =

Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof is the terminus of S6 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn, which connects the city to Frankfurt. Within Darmstadt the S6 also stops at stations in Darmstadt-Arheilgen and Darmstadt-Wixhausen. Regional trains also connect six secondary railway stations within Darmstadt, and stations in the surrounding region, with Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof.

= Public transport in Darmstadt =

File:HEAG 0777 am Schloss 101 2987.jpg]]

{{Main|Trams in Darmstadt}}

The extensive public transport system of Darmstadt is integrated in the RMV (the transportation authority of the Rhein-Main Metropolitan Area). The backbone of public transport in Darmstadt is the tram system with 10 lines. Local bus lines also serve all parts of the city and the city is served by regional bus lines.

= Airports =

The historically important local airfield August Euler Airfield is closed to aviation at large, being reserved for the use of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.

File:Airliner-Bus-Darmstadt.jpg

Darmstadt can be easily accessed from around the world via Frankfurt Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) which is located {{convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north of central Darmstadt and connected to it via Autobahn 5, S-Bahn, several bus lines and a direct express bus-link ("Airliner"). The airport ranks among the world's busiest airports by passenger traffic and is the second-busiest airport by cargo traffic in Europe. The airport also serves as the main hub for German flag carrier Lufthansa.

Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport (Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach) is a busy general aviation airport located 5 km north of Darmstadt, near the town of Egelsbach.

Despite the name, Frankfurt Hahn Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn) is located far outside the Frankfurt Metro Area, approximately {{convert|120|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to the west in Lautzenhausen (Rhineland-Palatinate). Hahn Airport is a major base for low-cost carrier Ryanair. This airport can only be reached by car or bus.

= National coach services =

Darmstadt is served by several national and European bus links which connect Darmstadt with other German and European cities.

Parks, architecture, and attractions

= Castles and historical buildings =

File:Residenzschloss Darmstadt 539-Gdh.JPG and Market Square]]

{{City Centre Darmstadt Map}}

Darmstadt was the capital of an independent country (the Grand Duchy of Hesse) until 1871 and the capital of the German state of Hesse until 1945.{{cite web | title=Darmstadt im Jahr 1871: Ein Ort der Innovation | publisher=Echo Online | date=10 March 2021 | url=https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/darmstadt/darmstadt-im-jahr-1871-ein-ort-der-innovation-1848386 | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201165858/https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/darmstadt/darmstadt-im-jahr-1871-ein-ort-der-innovation-1848386 | url-status=live }} It is due to its past as a capital city that it has many architectural testimonies of this period. Many of its major architectural landmarks were created by Georg Moller who was appointed the court master builder of the Grand Duchy of Hesse.{{cite web | title=Georg Moller: Darmstadt | publisher=City of Darmstadt | url=https://www.darmstadt.de/leben-in-darmstadt/soziales-und-gesellschaft/kirchen/friedhoefe/ehrengraeber/georg-moller | language=de | access-date=1 February 2023 | archive-date=1 February 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201170039/https://www.darmstadt.de/leben-in-darmstadt/soziales-und-gesellschaft/kirchen/friedhoefe/ehrengraeber/georg-moller | url-status=live }}

The Residential Palace Darmstadt ({{lang|de|Stadtschloss}}) is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt, later as Grand Dukes of Hesse by the grace of Napoleon. The rulers of Hesse also owned Jagdschloss Kranichstein, a hunting lodge in Kranichstein which is a nowadays used as a five star hotel. The most famous castle in the Darmstadt region is Frankenstein Castle due to claims that the real castle may have had an influence on Mary Shelley's decision to choose the name Frankenstein for her monster-creating scientist. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1662.

= Russian Chapel =

File:Russian Chapel in Darmstadt, Germany.jpg

File:Haus der Geschichte-Darmstadt.jpg

The last ruling Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig was a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia. The architecture of Darmstadt has been influenced by British and Russian imperial architecture with many examples still existing, such as the Luisenplatz with its grand-ducal column, the old Hessian State Theatre and the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt. The Russian Chapel is a Russian orthodox church which is still in use. It was built and used as a private chapel by the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, whose wife Alexandra was born in Darmstadt. Although Russian orthodox churches also exist in other cities outside Russia, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt was the only official Russian church used by the Tsar outside the Russian Empire. It is said that the chapel was built on Russian soil that was brought to Darmstadt exclusively for the purpose of building the Tsar's private chapel on it. by Leon Benois. The Russian church, St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, is named in honor of the patron saint of Tsar Nicholas' mother and was built of Russian stone on Russian soil brought to Darmstadt by train. It was used by the Russian imperial family and court during regular visits to the Tsarina's brother and family in Darmstadt.{{cite web |url=http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enart_churches.html |title=The Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia – Official Website |access-date=14 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050209/http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/synod/engdocuments/enart_churches.html |archive-date=29 April 2014}}

= Modern architecture =

File:Darmstadt-Waldspirale-Hundertwasser3.jpg

Darmstadt has a rich tradition in modern architecture. After 1945 several "Meisterbauten" (Masterful Architectonic Creations) were built that set standards for modern architecture. These buildings still exist and are used for various public and private purposes. In the late 1990s the Waldspirale ('Forest Spiral') was built, a residential complex by Austrian Friedensreich Hundertwasser. As an almost surreal building, it is internationally famous for its almost absolute rejection of rectangular forms, down to every window having a different shape, the style being a trademark of Hundertwasser's work. Hundertwasser died before the Waldspirale was finished.

= Art Nouveau =

File:La Mathildenhöhe, colline jugendstil (Darmstadt) (7882270018).jpg]]

Darmstadt was a centre of the Art Nouveau movement. Surviving examples of the Jugendstil period include the Rosenhöhe, a landscaped English-style rose garden from the 19th century, recently renovated and replanted,[http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/rosenhoehe/index.html Rosenhöhe – planted with roses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428042421/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/rosenhoehe/index.html |date=28 April 2009 }} (from the official city website) the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mathildenhöhe,[http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/mathildenhoehe/index.html Mathildenhöhe (Artists' Colony)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813221840/http://www.darmstadt.de/en/sights/mathildenhoehe/index.html |date=13 August 2009 }} (from the official city website) with the Hochzeitsturm ('Wedding tower', also commonly known as the 'Five-Finger-Tower') by Joseph Maria Olbrich, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. German Art Nouveau is commonly known by its German name, Jugendstil. The name is taken from the artistic journal, Die Jugend, which was published in Munich and which espoused the new artistic movement. It was founded in 1896 by Georg Hirth (Hirth remained editor until his death in 1916, and the magazine continued to be published until 1940). The magazine was instrumental in promoting the style in Germany. As a result, its name was adopted as the most common German-language term for the style: Jugendstil ("young style"). Although, during the early 20th century, the word was applied to only two-dimensional examples of the graphic arts, especially the forms of organic typography and graphic design found in and influenced by German magazines like Jugend, Pan, and Simplicissimus, it is now applied to more general manifestations of Art Nouveau visual arts in Germany, the Netherlands, the Baltic states, and Nordic countries. The two main centres for Jugendstil art in Germany were Munich and Darmstadt.

= Squares =

File:Luisenplatz-Rathaus.jpg

The Luisenplatz, the central square of the city, forms the centre of the city and is the main public transport hub. In 1844 the Ludwigsäule (called Langer Lui, meaning Long Ludwig), a 33-metre (108 ft) column commemorating Ludwig I, first Grand Duke of Hesse, was placed in the middle of the square. While the column still stands, the square is today surrounded by mostly modern buildings. Other important squares are the Marktplatz (see image) near the old city hall and the Sabaisplatz at the Mathildenhöhe.

= Parks =

File:Darmstadt Eingang Rosenhöhe.jpg

The city has a high density of parks. Among the most important parks are the English style Herrngarten in central Darmstadt. In former times it was part of the Royal Gardens used exclusively by the dukes of Darmstadt. Today it is a public park, heavily used in every season of the year. Other important parks are the French style parks Prinz-Georgs-Garten and Orangerie, the modern style Bürgerpark ("People's Park") in northern Darmstadt and the mystical Rosenhöhe Park ("Rose Heights"), which also serves as the cemetery for the grand dukes and their immediate family, with two impressive mausoleum buildings (the Old Mausoleum and New Mausoleum) standing within it. The Botanischer Garten in eastern Darmstadt is a botanical garden maintained by the Technische Universität Darmstadt with a fine collection of rare plants and trees.

= Churches =

File:Altes Rathaus-Marktplatz-Darmstadt.jpg

File:St-Ludwig Darmstadt 548-h.jpg

The Protestant Stadtkirche Darmstadt built in 1369, is in the pedestrian zone of the downtown city center, next to the historic Hotel Bockshaut.{{Cite web |url=http://www.bockshaut.de/EN/ |title=Historic hotel Bockshaut |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226201227/http://www.bockshaut.de/EN/ |archive-date=26 February 2019 |url-status=dead }} The church has gothic elements along with renaissance and baroque, it houses the royal crypt. Hotel Bockshaut was built in 1580 for a church presbytery. The most important Catholic Church is St. Ludwig in central Darmstadt.

= Festivals =

Every year on the first weekend of July the Heinerfest festival is held in the streets surrounding the old ducal palace. It is a traditional German festival with music acts, beer halls, amusement rides and booths selling trinkets and food. The Schlossgrabenfest, better known as the Stage Groove Festival, is live music-oriented and is held every year in May. These two festivals attract 700,000{{Cite web|date=26 January 2008|title=www.darmstadt.de – Informationen, Heinerfest|url=http://www.darmstadt.de/infos/heinerfest/|access-date=7 January 2023|archive-date=26 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126230241/http://www.darmstadt.de/infos/heinerfest/|url-status=dead}} and 400,000{{Cite web|title=Schlossgrabenfest 2006|url=https://www.schlossgrabenfest.de/2006/sgf_aktuelles_14.html|access-date=7 January 2023|website=www.schlossgrabenfest.de|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107153301/https://www.schlossgrabenfest.de/2006/sgf_aktuelles_14.html|url-status=dead}} visitors respectively.

Culture

{{Further|topic=the music hall|Orpheum Darmstadt}}

Darmstadt has a rich cultural heritage. The Staatstheater Darmstadt dates back to the year 1711. The present building has been in use since 1972 and has three halls which can be used independently. The "Grand Hall" (Großes Haus) provides seats for 956 people and serves as Darmstadt's opera house. The "Small Hall" (Kleines Haus) is mostly used for plays and dance and has 482 seats. A separate small hall (Kammerspiele), with 120 seats, is used for chamber plays.

File:Darmstadt Friedensplatz 1 Hessisches Landesmuseum 001.JPG

Among the museums in Darmstadt the most important are the Hessisches Landesmuseum (Hessian State Museum), the Porcelain Museum (exhibition of the ducal porcelain), the Schlossmuseum (Palace Museum exhibiting the ducal residence and possessions), the Kunsthalle Darmstadt (exhibitions of modern art), the exhibition centre Mathildenhöhe, and the Museum Künstlerkolonie (Art Nouveau museum).

The Darmstadt Palace Museum collection showcases regional and royal history from the 16th until the early 20th Century. The Palace Museum consists of 16 showrooms.{{Cite web|title=Museum History Collection|url=https://schlossmuseum-darmstadt.de/en/museum-2/|access-date=8 April 2025|website=schlossmuseum-darmstadt.de}}

The Jazz-Institut Darmstadt is Germany's largest publicly accessible jazz archive.[http://www.jazzinstitut.de/us.htm Jazz-Institut Darmstadt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427174332/http://www.jazzinstitut.de/us.htm |date=27 April 2007 }} (official institute website)

The Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt, harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war sheet music,{{Cite web|title=DARMSTÄDTER FERIENKURSE|url=https://internationales-musikinstitut.de/de/ferienkurse/|access-date=7 January 2023|website=Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt|language=de-DE|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107153258/https://internationales-musikinstitut.de/de/ferienkurse/|url-status=live}} also hosts the biennial Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, a summer school in contemporary classical music founded by Wolfgang Steinecke. A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, John Cage, György Ligeti, Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Mauricio Kagel, and Helmut Lachenmann.

The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung provides writers and scholars with a place to research the German language.{{Cite web|title=Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung|url=https://www.deutscheakademie.de/|access-date=7 January 2023|website=deutscheakademie.de|archive-date=20 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120144152/https://www.deutscheakademie.de/|url-status=live}} The academy's annual Georg Büchner Prize, named in memory of Georg Büchner, is considered the most prestigious literary award for writers of German language.

Geography

File:Bergstrasse westblick bei heppenheim ds wv 11 2007.jpg

Darmstadt is located in the Upper Rhine Plain (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene), a major rift, about 350 km (217 mi) long and on average 50 km (31 mi) wide, between the cities of Frankfurt in the north and Mannheim in the south. Darmstadt's southeastern boroughs are located in the spurs of the Odenwald, a low mountain range in Southern Hesse between the Main and Neckar rivers.

=Climate=

Southern Hesse is well known for its mild climate which allows winegrowing on a large scale in the region south of Darmstadt. The weather is often volatile with the summers being warm and humid with frequent thunderstorms, the winters mostly relatively mild with frequent periods of high fog. Snowfall is most likely in January and February, but mild winters without considerable snowfall can occur.

The Darmstadt weather station has recorded the following extreme values:

  • Highest Temperature {{convert|39.5|C|F}} on 7 August 2015.
  • Warmest Minimum {{convert|24.1|C|F}} on 5 July 1957.
  • Coldest Maximum {{convert|-15.5|C|F}} on 1 February 1956.
  • Lowest Temperature {{convert|-26.9|C|F}} on 19 January 1940.
  • Highest Daily Precipitation {{convert|60.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} on 1 June 1961.
  • Wettest Month {{convert|211.9|mm|in|abbr=on}} in August 1968.
  • Wettest Year {{convert|1215.7|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 1965.
  • Driest Year {{convert|476.2|mm|in|abbr=on}} in 1959.
  • Earliest Snowfall: 27 October 1950.
  • Latest Snowfall: 19 April 1969.

{{Clear}}

{{Weather box

|location = Darmstadt (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937–present{{efn|Meteorological observations began in Darmstadt in 1937. Data from 3 February 1937 to 31 July 1974 are from Darmstadt-Botanischer Garten, data from 1 January 1987 to 31 July 1995 are from Darmstadt (A), and data from 1 August 1995 to the present are from the Darmstadt meteorological station.}})

|width = auto

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan record high C = 16.0

|Feb record high C = 19.6

|Mar record high C = 25.6

|Apr record high C = 31.5

|May record high C = 33.3

|Jun record high C = 37.6

|Jul record high C = 39.3

|Aug record high C = 39.5

|Sep record high C = 34.8

|Oct record high C = 27.4

|Nov record high C = 22.6

|Dec record high C = 18.1

|year record high C = 39.5

|Jan avg record high C = 12.0

|Feb avg record high C = 14.0

|Mar avg record high C = 19.4

|Apr avg record high C = 25.2

|May avg record high C = 29.0

|Jun avg record high C = 32.3

|Jul avg record high C = 34.0

|Aug avg record high C = 33.4

|Sep avg record high C = 27.7

|Oct avg record high C = 22.3

|Nov avg record high C = 16.1

|Dec avg record high C = 12.4

|year avg record high C = 35.4

|Jan high C = 4.7

|Feb high C = 6.5

|Mar high C = 11.4

|Apr high C = 16.6

|May high C = 20.6

|Jun high C = 23.9

|Jul high C = 26.0

|Aug high C = 25.7

|Sep high C = 20.7

|Oct high C = 14.8

|Nov high C = 8.8

|Dec high C = 5.3

|year high C = 15.5

|Jan mean C = 2.0

|Feb mean C = 2.7

|Mar mean C = 6.2

|Apr mean C = 10.4

|May mean C = 14.4

|Jun mean C = 17.8

|Jul mean C = 19.6

|Aug mean C = 19.0

|Sep mean C = 14.6

|Oct mean C = 10.1

|Nov mean C = 5.7

|Dec mean C = 2.8

|year mean C = 10.4

|Jan low C = -1.0

|Feb low C = -0.9

|Mar low C = 1.4

|Apr low C = 4.1

|May low C = 8.2

|Jun low C = 11.6

|Jul low C = 13.6

|Aug low C = 13.1

|Sep low C = 9.4

|Oct low C = 5.9

|Nov low C = 2.5

|Dec low C = -0.1

|year low C = 5.7

|Jan avg record low C = -10.4

|Feb avg record low C = -8.7

|Mar avg record low C = -5.6

|Apr avg record low C = -2.6

|May avg record low C = 1.2

|Jun avg record low C = 5.7

|Jul avg record low C = 7.9

|Aug avg record low C = 7.3

|Sep avg record low C = 3.3

|Oct avg record low C = -1.5

|Nov avg record low C = -4.6

|Dec avg record low C = -9.2

|year avg record low C = -13.0

|Jan record low C = -26.9

|Feb record low C = -22.5

|Mar record low C = -13.5

|Apr record low C = -7.6

|May record low C = -3.2

|Jun record low C = 0.8

|Jul record low C = 3.5

|Aug record low C = 4.1

|Sep record low C = -0.4

|Oct record low C = -6.8

|Nov record low C = -9.5

|Dec record low C = -21.0

|year record low C = -26.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 51.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 49.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 52.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 43.0

|May precipitation mm = 72.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 63.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 72.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 67.1

|Sep precipitation mm = 57.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 59.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 57.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 67.1

|year precipitation mm = 712.4

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 16.2

|Feb precipitation days = 14.9

|Mar precipitation days = 14.3

|Apr precipitation days = 12.9

|May precipitation days = 14.4

|Jun precipitation days = 13.7

|Jul precipitation days = 14.4

|Aug precipitation days = 13.2

|Sep precipitation days = 12.6

|Oct precipitation days = 14.7

|Nov precipitation days = 15.9

|Dec precipitation days = 18.0

|year precipitation days = 175.2

|Jan snow depth cm = 4.2

|Feb snow depth cm = 4.1

|Mar snow depth cm = 2.7

|Apr snow depth cm = 0.1

|May snow depth cm = 0

|Jun snow depth cm = 0

|Jul snow depth cm = 0

|Aug snow depth cm = 0

|Sep snow depth cm = 0

|Oct snow depth cm = 0

|Nov snow depth cm = 1.6

|Dec snow depth cm = 4.9

|year snow depth cm = 9.5

|humidity colour = green

|Jan humidity = 84.1

|Feb humidity = 79.9

|Mar humidity = 74.0

|Apr humidity = 68.2

|May humidity = 70.2

|Jun humidity = 69.7

|Jul humidity = 69.6

|Aug humidity = 72.4

|Sep humidity = 79.0

|Oct humidity = 84.4

|Nov humidity = 86.8

|Dec humidity = 86.8

|year humidity = 77.1

|Jan sun = 47

|Feb sun = 80

|Mar sun = 120

|Apr sun = 176

|May sun = 208

|Jun sun = 214

|Jul sun = 232

|Aug sun = 218

|Sep sun = 158

|Oct sun = 103

|Nov sun = 50

|Dec sun = 37

|year sun = 1643

|source 1 = DWD Open Data (Mean sunshine hours 1981–2010){{cite web

|url = http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fkldat__D__mittelwerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

|title = Mittelwerte 30-jähriger Perioden, Tabelle A, 1981 – 2010

|access-date =3 July 2015

|publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923221615/http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fkldat__D__mittelwerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue

|archive-date = 23 September 2015

|url-status = dead}}{{cite web

|url = https://www.wetterzentrale.de/extremes_mon.php?station=917&maand=1&country=1&order=1&extreem=X_TX

|title = Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw.

|publisher = DWD

|language = de

|access-date = 3 November 2024

}}{{cite web

|url = http://sklima.de/datenbank_auswertung.php?tab=2

|title = Monatsauswertung

|website = sklima.de

|publisher = SKlima

|language = de

|access-date = 3 November 2024}}

}}

==Note==

{{notelist}}

Education

= Schools =

The City of Darmstadt offers students a broad variety of public primary, secondary and tertiary schools. Besides them private schools exist, e.g. the catholic secondary school Edith-Stein-Schule, the Adventists' Schulzentrum Marienhöhe, an anthroposophic Waldorf School, a Comenius School and other faith based private schools.

= Universities =

File:Karo5 Eingangsgebaeude Verwaltungsgebaeude TU Darmstadt.jpg

File:Darmstadt Hochschulstraße 1 Altes Hauptgebäude der TH 001.JPG

==TU Darmstadt==

{{Main|Technical University of Darmstadt}}

The Technical University of Darmstadt ({{langx|de|Technische Universität Darmstadt|links=no}}), commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt, is a prestigious research university in Germany. It was founded in 1877 and received the right to award doctorates in 1899. In 1882 it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering, in 1883 the first faculty for electrical engineering was founded there. The university is organized in 13 departments and 5 fields of study, which all together offer about 100 courses of studies. The fields of study offer interdisciplinary degree courses in which students take lectures in multiple departments. The university, as its title suggests, offers degree courses in the fields of electrical, mechanical and civil engineering, architecture, computer science, mathematics and the natural sciences. It also offers courses in economics, law, history, politics, sociology, psychology, sport science and linguistics. It also offers degree courses for teaching positions at German vocational schools and Gymnasiums.

==Hochschule Darmstadt==

{{Main|Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences}}

File:H-da-Hochhaus nach Renovierung2011.jpg

The Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences ({{langx|de|Hochschule Darmstadt|links=no}}) has the highest number of industrial linkage programs, compared to the rest of the universities of applied sciences. The roots of University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt dates back to 1876. However, it has not emerged as a separate institution before 1971. As of 2017 it was the largest University of Applied Sciences in the State of Hesse, with about 16,000 students. It offers courses in architecture, chemical engineering, materials science, civil engineering, computer science, design, economics, electrical engineering and information technology, mathematics and science, mechanical engineering, media (including information science and engineering), plastics engineering, social and cultural studies, and several social sciences.

==EHD Darmstadt==

The Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt (EHD) is an officially recognised and Church-sponsored University. The sponsors are the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, the Protestant Church of Kurhesse-Waldeck and the social welfare organisation of both Hessian Protestant Churches, the Diakonie Hesse. The EHD has approximately 1,700 students, 40 professors and 10 scientific employees and about 100 visiting lecturers every semester.

Sport

File:Gegengerade_des_Stadions_am_Böllenfalltor_in_Darmstadt_gegen_Dortmund_am_13._Januar_2024.jpg

File:Darmstadt-dukes.jpg

=Football=

The city's main professional club is the football club SV Darmstadt 98, who play at the Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor. Other, amateur football clubs are 1. FCA Darmstadt and Rot-Weiß Darmstadt.

=Ice hockey=

The Darmstadt Dukes (Eissportclub Darmstadt Dukes) is an ice hockey club. Their mens`s team is playing in the Hessenliga.

=American football=

The city is home to the Darmstadt Diamonds an american football team.

Institutions

=Technology=

File:Views in the Main Control Room (12052189474).jpg European Space Operations Command in Darmstadt]]

Darmstadt is home to many research institutions such as the Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer IGD, Fraunhofer LBF, {{ill|Fraunhofer Institute for Secure Information Technology|lt=Fraunhofer SIT|de|Fraunhofer-Institut für Sichere Informationstechnologie}}) and the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI, "Society for heavy ion Research"), which operates a particle accelerator in northern Darmstadt. The GSI, amongst other elements, discovered the chemical element darmstadtium (atomic number: 110), named after the city in 2003. This makes Darmstadt one of several cities with elements named after them. Various other elements, including meitnerium (atomic number: 109) (1982), hassium (atomic number: 108) (1984), roentgenium (atomic number: 111) (1994) and copernicium (atomic number: 112) (1996) were also synthesized in the Darmstadt facility.

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the European Space Agency is located in Darmstadt. From here, various deep-space exploration spacecraft and Earth-orbiting satellites are operated for the purposes of scientific research, and technology development and demonstration.

EUMETSAT, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, operates the principal European meteorological satellites from its headquarters, including the first and second generations of Meteosat geostationary satellites, and the polar-orbiting Metop series.

Darmstadt is a centre for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, with Merck, Röhm and Schenck RoTec (part of The Dürr Group) having their main plants and centres here.

Darmstadt is also a centre for the IT and telecommunications industry, with companies like Software AG, T-Systems (laboratories in Darmstadt) and Deutsche Telekom (laboratories in Darmstadt).

ATHENE, formerly Center for Research in Security and Privacy (CRISP), is the national research center for IT security and privacy in Germany and the largest research center for IT security in Europe.{{Cite web|url=https://www.hessen.de/presse/pressemitteilung/nationales-forschungszentrum-fuer-angewandte-cybersicherheit-crisp-besucht-0|title=Nationales Forschungszentrum für angewandte Cybersicherheit CRISP besucht {{!}} Informationsportal Hessen|website=www.hessen.de|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010165025/https://www.hessen.de/presse/pressemitteilung/nationales-forschungszentrum-fuer-angewandte-cybersicherheit-crisp-besucht-0|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmbf.de/de/groesstes-europaeisches-forschungszentrum-fuer-it-sicherheit-gegruendet-2023.html|title=Größtes europäisches Forschungszentrum für IT-Sicherheit gegründet – BMBF|last=BMBF-Internetredaktion|website=Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung – BMBF|language=de|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010165633/https://www.bmbf.de/de/groesstes-europaeisches-forschungszentrum-fuer-it-sicherheit-gegruendet-2023.html|url-status=dead}} The research center is located in Darmstadt and deals with key issues of IT security in the digitization of government, business and society.

The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence has a laboratory in Darmstadt.

The {{ill|Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence|de|Hessisches Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz}} (hessian.AI) has its headquarters in Darmstadt.

=United States military presence=

U.S. forces entered the city of Darmstadt on 25 March 1945. At the end of World War II, Darmstadt was among the 112 communities where U.S. forces were stationed. Early units stationed here included elements of the U.S. Constabulary, Air Force units and a Quartermaster School.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Over the years, the U.S. military community Darmstadt – under a variety of designations such as the 440th Signal Battalion, served as home for thousands of American soldiers and their families. It included six principal installations in Darmstadt and nearby Babenhausen, Griesheim and Münster, plus several housing areas, an airfield and a large number of smaller facilities as far away as Bensheim and Aschaffenburg. The military newspaper European Stars and Stripes also had its headquarters there. As of 1993, the Darmstadt military community also assumed responsibility for the remaining U.S. Army facilities in the Frankfurt area.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

As part of the U.S. Army's ongoing transformation in Germany, the Darmstadt military community, by then designated U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt, inactivated on 30 September 2008. Even after the garrison inactivation, however, there is still one unit active in Darmstadt: The 66th Military Intelligence Group at the Dagger Complex on Eberstädter Weg.{{coord|49.843786|8.584211}} It draws its support from the nearby U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden. The U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden's website mentions the unit still being active in Darmstadt, and a Marine Corps company being stationed there as well. With the exception of Dagger Complex, all remaining US installations are now empty and closed to the public, pending property disposal by the German authorities.{{fact|date=April 2025}}

Tourist sights in Darmstadt

File:Kaverliershaus-Bessungen-Darmstadt.JPG

File:Botanical garden (4).jpg

= City =

= Region =

Notable people

File:JohannHeinrichMerck.jpg, 1770]]

File:Justus von Liebig NIH.jpg, 1866]]

File:Friedrich von Flotow 1866.jpg, 1866]]

File:Heinrich von Angeli - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz.jpg, 1890]]

File:Alexandra Fyodorovna LOC 01137u.jpg, 1908]]

= Sport =

Twin towns – sister cities

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}

File:Darmstadt Strassenbahn.jpg

Darmstadt is twinned with:{{cite web|title=Städtepartnerschaften|url=https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/interkulturelles-und-internationales/internationales/staedtepartnerschaften|website=darmstadt.de|publisher=Darmstadt|language=de|access-date=11 February 2021|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126130733/https://www.darmstadt.de/standort/interkulturelles-und-internationales/internationales/staedtepartnerschaften|url-status=dead}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

  • {{flagicon|NED}} Alkmaar, Netherlands (1958)
  • {{flagicon|ITA}} Brescia, Italy (1991)
  • {{flagicon|TUR}} Bursa, Turkey (1971)
  • {{flagicon|ENG}} Chesterfield, England, UK (1959)
  • {{flagicon|GER}} Freiberg, Germany (1990)
  • {{flagicon|AUT}} Graz, Austria (1968)
  • {{flagicon|SUI}} Gstaad (Saanen), Switzerland (1991)
  • {{flagicon|HUN}} Gyönk, Hungary (1990)
  • {{flagicon|LVA}} Liepāja, Latvia (1993)
  • {{flagicon|ESP}} Logroño, Spain (2002)
  • {{flagicon|ISR}} Nahariya, Israel (2023)
  • {{flagicon|POL}} Płock, Poland (1988)
  • {{flagicon|USA}} San Antonio, United States (2017)
  • {{flagicon|HUN}} Szeged, Hungary (1990)
  • {{flagicon|NOR}} Trondheim, Norway (1968)
  • {{flagicon|FRA}} Troyes, France (1958)
  • {{flagicon|UKR}} Uzhhorod, Ukraine (1992)

{{div col end}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{commons category|Darmstadt}}

{{Wikivoyage|Darmstadt}}

  • {{Official website}} {{in lang|de|en}}
  • [https://www.darmstadt.de/sprachversionen/english/discover-darmstadt/ Discover Darmstadt – City Tourist Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002153955/https://www.darmstadt.de/sprachversionen/english/discover-darmstadt/ |date=2 October 2018 }} {{in lang|en}}
  • [http://www.germany.travel/en/towns-cities-culture/towns-cities/darmstadt.html Germany Travel – Darmstadt]
  • {{Cite EB9|wstitle=Darmstadt|volume=6|pages=828–829|short=x}}

{{Cities in Germany}}

{{Germany districts hesse}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Capitals of former nations

Category:Merck Group

Category:Odenwald

Category:Holocaust locations in Germany

Category:Urban districts of Hesse

Category:Darmstadt (region)