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Duduk

{{Short description|Armenian woodwind musical instrument}}

{{pp-extended|small=yes}}

{{Infobox instrument

| name = Duduk

| background = woodwind

| image = Doudouk armenien.jpg

| classification = Wind instrument with double reed

| related = Closely related instruments include the Mey (Turkey), Balaban (Azerbaijan, Iran), Yasti Balaban (Dagestan), Duduki (Georgia), Duduk (Armenia), Hichiriki (Japan), Piri (Korea), Guanzi (China), and Kamis Sirnay (Kyrgyzstan),

| musicians = Djivan Gasparyan, Gevorg Dabaghyan, Vache Hovsepyan, Levon Minassian, Pedro Eustache

| builders = Karlen Matevosyan, Arthur Grigoryan, Hovsep Grigoryan

| image_capt = Duduk

| sound sample = {{listen

| embed = yes

| filename = SERGO.TEL - April - duduk-improvisation2.ogg

| title = Duduk music

| description = Melody performed with a duduk by SERGO.TEL.}}

}}

{{Infobox intangible heritage

| Image = Kids Playing duduk.jpg

| Caption = Armenian children playing the duduk

| ICH = Duduk and its music

| State Party = Armenia

| Domains = Performing arts (music)

| ID = 00092

| Region = ENA

| Year = 2008

| Session = 3rd

| List = Representative

}}

The duduk ({{IPAc-en|d|uː|ˈ|d|uː|k}} {{respell|doo|DOOK}}; {{langx|hy|դուդուկ}} {{IPA|hy|duˈduk|IPA}}){{cite journal|journal=Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society|date=2006|volume=32|page=183|publisher=American Musical Instrument Society|quote=...the duduk (pronounced doo-dook)...|title= The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia }} or tsiranapogh ({{langx|hy|ծիրանափող}}, meaning "apricot-made wind instrument"), is a double reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood originating from Armenia.{{Cite journal|last=McCollum|first=Jonathan|date=2016|title=Duduk (i)|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-4002294080.|journal=Grove Music Online|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2294963|url-access=subscription}}[https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA335 "…which is indigenous to Armenia,…"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201603/https://books.google.com/books?id=gyiTOcnb2yYC&pg=PA335&dq=%22which+is+indigenous+to+Armenia,+and+its+sound+is%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3nennwe7ZAhXIvrwKHfOXBvsQ6AEIJjAA |date=2018-05-09 }}, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East p.335 Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the Caucasus, the Balkans, and the Middle East, including Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kurdistan, Turkey, and Iran.{{cite book|editor=Stokes, Jamie|title=Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Volume 1|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8160-7158-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA63 63]|publisher=Facts On File |quote=One of the oldest indigenous Armenian instruments is the duduk, a woodwind instrument usually made from apricot wood, with a double reed.}}{{cite web|title=Armenian duduk and other Armenian folk instruments|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001393/139314m.pdf|publisher=UNESCO|date=June 2003|access-date=16 March 2014|page=32|quote=Duduk is considered to be the most Armenian of all folk instruments for its Armenian origin and honest expression. It has a 1500 – year history and is native to Armenia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan.}} Duduk, Balaban, and Mey are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences.[https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/KARAHASANO%c4%9eLU-Song%c3%bcl-A-COMPARATIVE-VIEW-OF-THE-MEY-BALABAN-AND-DUDUK-AS-ORGANOLOGICAL-PHENOMENA.pdf A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE MEY, BALABAN AND DUDUK AS ORGANOLOGICAL PHENOMENA]{{Retrieved|access-date=February 28, 2022}}

It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called dum, and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the English horn than the oboe or bassoon. Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or shawm, the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size.

UNESCO proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008.{{cite web|title=Sounds of Armenian duduk|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/|publisher=UNESCO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183627/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/resources-services/multimedia/photo-stories/sounds-of-armenian-duduk/|archive-date=16 March 2014|date=November 2012|quote=Duduk and its music were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 (originally proclaimed in 2005). The duduk, or "dziranapogh" in Armenian, is a double-reed woodwind instrument made of apricot wood, conventionally called the "Armenian oboe".}}{{cite web|title=Duduk and its music|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=16 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092|archive-date=16 March 2014}} Duduk music has been used in a number of films, most notably in The Russia House and Gladiator.

Etymology

There have been two published lines of thinking on the origins of the word.

Both the Russian book Musical Instruments Encyclopedia (Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия) and American book Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary give an ultimate origin of the name as Persian, the word tutak.{{cite dictionary |entry= Duduk |title=Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary |first= Sibyl |last= Marcuse |publisher= Doubleday |place= Garden City, New York |date= 1964 |page=157|url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00marcus/page/156/mode/2up}}{{cite book |title=Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия |editor= Есипова М. В.|date=2008 |publisher=Дека-ВС |location=Moscow |pages=207–209 |chapter=Дудук (свистковая флейта и язычковый духовой инструмент) |quote= [Information in English: Musical instruments. Encyclopedia Publisher: Deca-Sun, The year of publishing: 2008, Place of publication: Moscow, Text language: Russian, Editor/compiler: Esipova M.V., ISBN 978-5-901951-40-8]}}

In Armenia, the instrument is also known as tsiranapogh ({{ill|ծիրանափող|hy|Դուդուկ|vertical-align=sup}}).

This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, Balkan duduk). Similar instruments used in other parts of Western Asia are the mey and balaban.

Overview

File:Duduk1.jpg

File:Anchededoudouk.jpg

The duduk is a double reed instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that.{{cite book|editor=Broughton, Simon |editor2=Ellingham, Mark |editor3=Trillo, Richard|year=1999|title=World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East|page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/334 334]|isbn=9781858286358|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo/page/334}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged apricot wood.{{cite book|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia|date=2012|publisher=SAGE Publications|location=Thousand Oaks, California|isbn=9781412981767|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&dq=modern+duduks+are+typically+made+from+aged+apricot+wood&pg=PA167 167]|editor1=Andrea L. Stanton |editor2=Edward Ramsamy |editor3=Peter J. Seybolt }}

The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. An eight-hole duduk (not counting the thumb hole on the lower side) can play ten successive notes of a diatonic scale with simple fingering, or sixteen consecutive notes of a chromatic scale by half-covering holes. For example, an A duduk can play all the notes from F♯ to the A more than an octave higher.{{cite web |title=Duduk Fingering Chart |url=https://www.armenianduduk.am/fingering-chart-for-duduk.html |publisher=ArmenianDuduk.am}}{{cite web |title=HOW TO PLAY DUDUK 3: Playing a scale |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qbq5CoTpYKI |website=YouTube | date=3 February 2014 |publisher=DudukLessons.com}} (Another reference gives different information.{{cite web |last1=Dr John Vartan |title=Armenian Duduk An Instructional Book For Beginners |url=http://www.johnvartan.com/DudukInstructions_JohnVartan.pdf |publisher=American Recording Productions |date=2000}}) By using the lips to "bend" notes and partially covering holes any pitch in this range can be produced, as required for Oriental music.{{cite web |last1=David Brown |title=The Duduk & Mey: History, Info and Set-Up |url=https://larkinthemorning.com/blogs/articles/the-duduk-mey-history-info-and-set-up |website=Lark in the morning|date=27 April 2017 }} The instrument's body has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed (Armenian: եղեգն, eġegn), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called dudukahar (դուդուկահար) in Armenian.

The performers use air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This "circular" breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East.{{cite web|last=Albright|first=Ch.|title=BĀLĀBĀN|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316214716/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/balaban-a-cylindrical-bore-double-reed-wind-instrument-about-35-cm-long-with-seven-finger-holes-and-one-thumb-hole-play|archive-date=16 March 2014|date=15 December 1988}}

Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second dum duduk, which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk."{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html |title=WWW.DUDUK.CO.UK - Professional Armenian Duduks, Zurnas, Ghamish by Master Arthur Grigoryan |access-date=2006-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304100023/http://www.ethnicinstruments.co.uk/about.html |archive-date=2006-03-04 }} Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk

History

Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old.{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gasparyan-djivan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628233103/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3428400203.html|url-status=dead|title=Gasparyan, Djivan | Encyclopedia.com|archive-date=June 28, 2011|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2019}} Variants of the duduk can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king Tigran the Great, who reigned from 95 to 55 B.C."The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)": "[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092 The Duduk and its Music] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316183455/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00092 |date=2014-03-16 }}. UNESCO. Accessed February 8, 2010. According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum, the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."{{cite news|last=Turpin|first=Andy|title=Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/|access-date=16 March 2014|newspaper=Armenian Weekly|date=12 February 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312141743/http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/|archive-date=12 March 2012}}

Balkan duduk

While "duduk" most commonly refers to the double reed instrument described on this page, there is a very similar instrument played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute known as a kaval, resembling the Serbian frula, or kavalče in a part of Macedonia,[http://www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525162713/http://macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm |date=2006-05-25 }} and as duduk in northwest Bulgaria.{{cite web |url=http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 |title=Дудук : Horo.bg - българският сайт за народни хора, песни, танци, обичаи, фолклор |publisher=Horo.bg |access-date=2013-09-22 |language=bg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927233800/http://horo.bg/index.php?menunode=2&show=material&materialid=259 |archive-date=2013-09-27 }}For a detailed description of the instrument (in Bulgarian), see {{cite web |url=http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html |title=Бит и култура | Речник на остарели, редки, чуждици и диалектни думи ДЛ-ДУ |access-date=2012-03-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216024758/http://www.bgjourney.com/Bit%20t%20Kultura/Old%20gloss/Old%20gloss%20Du.html |archive-date=2012-02-16 }} Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: {{convert|700|-|780|mm}} and {{convert|240|-|400|mm}} (duduce). The blocked end is flat.

In popular culture

{{more citations needed|date=March 2014}}

The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with Peter Gabriel's score for Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in Gladiator, Syriana, and Blood Diamond, among others.{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/|title=Jivan Gasparyan|website=IMDb|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216105914/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309222/|archive-date=16 February 2017}}{{unreliable source?|date=April 2020}} It was also used extensively in Battlestar Galactica.{{cite web|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42|title=Bear McCreary – Official site|website=www.bearmccreary.com|date=28 September 2006 |access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928023715/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42|archive-date=28 September 2011}} In the TV series Avatar: The Last Airbender, its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious Tsungi horn, most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on ATLA now working on The Dragon Prince, the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute, and was featured in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation Game of Thrones.{{Cite web|url=http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_&_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721212529/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/soundtracks/news/article_9955.php/Harry_Gregson-Williams_Talks_Narnia_%26_Narnian_Lullaby_Clip|url-status=dead|title=Harry Gregson-Williams Talks Narnia & Narnian Lullaby Clip|archive-date=July 21, 2012}}[http://www.dw.com/en/no-flutes-allowed-composer-ramin-djawadi-on-the-music-of-game-of-thrones/a-19201563 No flutes allowed: Composer Ramin Djawadi on the music of 'Game of Thrones'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101104943/http://www.dw.com/en/no-flutes-allowed-composer-ramin-djawadi-on-the-music-of-game-of-thrones/a-19201563 |date=2016-11-01 }}, Deutsche Welle

Armenia's entry in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, "Apricot Stone," featured Armenian musician Djivan Gasparyan playing the duduk.

=Film soundtracks=

The duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere".{{cite book|first=Eric|last=Hung|title=Buffy, Ballads, and Bad Guys Who Sing: Music in the Worlds of Joss Whedon|date=2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=9780810877658|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DM-889ISwMIC&dq=to+denote+otherworldliness%2C+loneliness%2C+and+mourning+or+to+supply+a+Middle+Eastern%2FCentral+Asian+atmosphere.&pg=PA259 259]|editor=Leonard, Kendra Preston|editor-link=Kendra Preston Leonard}}

File:Benik Iknatyan playing the doudouk.jpg in Yerevan, Armenia, 1997.]]

File:Forom des langues 2013 18.jpg, France.]]

=Television soundtracks=

  • Angel by Rob Kral
  • Avatar: The Last Airbender by Jeremy Zuckerman features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Zuko, most notably in the tracks "Iroh's Tsungi Horn" and "The Blue Spirit"
  • Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) by Bear McCreary. Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk.{{cite web |url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 |title=Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk |publisher=Bearmccreary.com |date=2006-09-28 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531173154/http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 |archive-date=2010-05-31 }}{{cite web |last=Runner |first=Blade |url=http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html |title=Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry |publisher=Galactica-station.blogspot.com |date=2004-02-26 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708040055/http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html |archive-date=2011-07-08 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html |title=Battlestar Galactica: Season Two |publisher=Musicweb-international.com |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014182512/http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html |archive-date=2011-10-14 }} Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
  • Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, Douglas Stevens
  • Castle by Robert Duncan
  • Children of Dune by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell"{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ |title=Children of Dune |publisher=Cinemusic.net |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091115103911/http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ |archive-date=November 15, 2009 }}
  • Cold Case by Michael A. Levine
  • CSI: New York by Bill Brown
  • Firefly by Greg Edmonson
  • Game of Thrones by Ramin Djawadi features the instrument in Daenerys Targaryen's theme{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 |title='Game of Thrones' Composer Ramin Djawadi: 'I'm Just Trying to Create Something Magical' (Q&A) |date=15 April 2013 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=2013-12-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225155807/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/game-thrones-composer-ramin-djawadi-437085 |archive-date=2013-12-25 }}
  • JAG by Steve Bramson
  • The Mummy Who Would Be King by Gil Talmi, Andrew Gross
  • Over There by Ed Rogers
  • The Pacific by Blake Neely and Geoff Zanelli
  • Path to 9/11 by John Cameron
  • Rome by Jeff Beal{{cite web|url=http://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201|title=Jeff Beal - Interview|website=www.soundtrack.net|access-date=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509201620/https://www.soundtrack.net/content/article/?id=201|archive-date=9 May 2018}}
  • The Dragon Prince by Frederik Wiedmann{{Cite web|title=The Role of Orchestration and Instrumentation in The Dragon Prince: Piano and Death|url=https://www.maxgluo.com/music/2020/8/30/the-role-of-orchestration-and-instrumentation-in-the-dragon-prince-piano-and-death|access-date=2021-01-11|website=Max Luo|language=en-US}}
  • Spartacus by Randy Miller. Track Second Thought
  • Star Trek: Enterprise by Paul Baillargeon
  • Yu-Gi-Oh! by Wayne Sharpe
  • Xena: Warrior Princess by Joseph Loduca
  • The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power by Bear McCreary features this instrument in settings of the Númenor theme.
  • Boohbah
  • Foundation (TV series) by Bear McCreary features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Gaal Dornick.

=Video game scores=

=Popular music=

=Anime soundtracks=

  • Arrietty by Cécile Corbel, in the track "Sho's Song - Instrumental Version"
  • Tales from Earthsea by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".{{cite web |author=Benoit Basirico |url=http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer |title=Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer) |publisher=Cinezik.org |date=2005-11-14 |access-date=2010-02-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501152605/http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer |archive-date=2009-05-01 }}

See also

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References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{Commons category}}

  • {{cite book|last=Nercessian|first=Andy|title=The Duduk and National Identity in Armenia|date=2001|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9781461672722}}

{{Double reed}}

{{Armenian musical instruments}}

{{Musical instruments of Georgia (country)}}

{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}

{{Intangible Cultural Heritage in Armenia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Single oboes with cylindrical bore

Category:Armenian inventions

Category:Armenian musical instruments

Category:Musical instruments of Georgia (country)

Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity