Energy in Finland#Heating

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CO₂ emissions:
36.33 million tons

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Final consumption of energy - i.e. after losses through transformation and transmission - was 1 102 petajoules, which equals 202 gigajoules per capita in 2013.

Of this, 46% is consumed by industry, 16% in transportation and 25% in heating.{{cite web|url=http://www.motiva.fi/en/energy_in_finland/energy_use_in_finland/final_consumption_of_energy|title=Final consumption|publisher=Motiva|access-date=16 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913095104/http://motiva.fi/en/energy_in_finland/energy_use_in_finland/final_consumption_of_energy|archive-date=13 September 2016|url-status=dead}}

Energy consumption per capita in Finland is the highest in EU. Reasons for this include energy-intensive industry, a high standard of living, a cold climate and long distances. Rise of energy consumption stopped in the 21st century, mainly due to changes of industry. There is now less heavy industry and the energy efficiency has improved. New energy consuming business is the data centres of international enterprises.{{cite web |url=http://www.ymparisto.fi/en-US/Maps_and_statistics/The_state_of_the_environment_indicators/Climate_change_and_energy/Energy_consumption_no_longer_increasing(28723) |title=Energy consumption no longer increasing |website=Environment.fi |access-date=15 January 2017}}

Energy consumption increased 44 percent in electricity and 30 percent in the total energy use from 1990 to 2006. The increase in electricity consumption 15,000 GWh from 1995 to 2005 was more than the total hydropower capacity. The electricity consumption increased almost equally in all sectors (industry, homes, and services).

Energy consumption for heating has increased, as population and average size of homes has grown. As of 2019, 2.8 million Finns and half a million Helsinki residents rely on district heating for their homes.{{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2019/kiinteistovahti/|title=Helen's new service enables improved energy efficiency in properties throughout Finland|date=19 March 2019}}

In 2017, 66% of the new homes were connected to district heating and usage kept expanding among old buildings as well.

80% of the energy use of households was spent on heating in 2008–2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.fi/til/asen/2011/asen_2011_2012-11-16_tau_001_en.html|title=Statistics Finland -|first=Jonna|last=Hakala|website=Stat.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}[http://www.stat.fi/til/asen/2011/asen_2011_2012-11-16_tau_001_en.html Energy consumption in households 2008–2011, GWh] 16 November 2012 Statistics Finland

In 2017, traditional fossil fuels (coal, peat and oil) provided most heat, with 39%; gas, 10%; wood and wood residues, 30%; bio and non-bio waste burning and other sources, 12%; energy recovery, 9%: in total, the emissions were 149 g CO₂/kWh.{{cite web|url=https://energia.fi/en/news_and_publications/publications/finnish_energy_carbon_emissions_from_district_heat_production_at_a_historic_low_2017_record_year_also_in_recovered_heat.html|title=Finnish Energy: Carbon emissions from district heat production at a historic low – 2017 record year also in recovered heat|date=23 February 2019}}

Heat pumps are used to facilitate electrification and energy recovery. In Mäntsälä 80% of the energy is provided by excess heat recovered from the local Yandex data centre.{{cite web|url=http://smartenergytransition.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Clean-DHC-discussion-paper_SET_2018.pdf|title=Clean DHC discussion paper|date=September 2018}} In Helsinki, Helen Oy increases energy efficiency with several heat pumps which recover heat from return water of the district cooling and from warm waste waters before they end up in the Baltic Sea: rock caverns and cisterns under parks are used in the Katri Vala heating and cooling plant under Sörnäinen (123 MW in 2021),{{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2018/newheatpump/|title=New heat pump to be built again in Helsinki|date=18 June 2018}} Vuosaari (13+9.5 MW with 20% sea water){{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2019/heat-pump-sea-water-heat-Vuosaari/|date=4 April 2019|title=New, unique heat pump utilising sea water heat to be built in Vuosaari}} and Esplanadi.{{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2019/bienergy-heating-plant-Vuosaari/|title= Helen invests in renewable energy and closes Hanasaari power plant: Helen's Hanasaari power plant will be closed by the end of 2024. Heat production will be replaced with heat recycling with heat pumps, energy storage, and a bioenergy heating plant planned for Vuosaari.|date=4 March 2019}}

The coal-powered Hanasaari Power Plant will be replaced by 2024 to reduce Helen carbon emissions by 40%. In addition to heat pumps, 25% of its former output is expected to come from a biomass plant in Vuosaari next to the existing heat pumps, while heat storage to stabilise demand will be provided by water cisterns in place of the former oil cisterns under the Mustikkamaa island.

In detail, Helen Oy estimates a 11.6 GWh capacity and 120 MW thermal output for its 260,000 m³ water cistern under Mustikkamaa (fully charged or discharged in 4 days at capacity), operating from 2021 to offset days of peak production/demand;{{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2018/Gigantic-cavern-heat-storage-facility-to-be-implemented-in-Mustikkamaa/|date=22 March 2018|title=Gigantic cavern heat storage facility to be implemented in Mustikkamaa in Helsinki}} while the 300,000 m³ rock caverns 50 m under sea level in Kruunuvuorenranta (near Laajasalo) were designated in 2018 to store heat in summer from warm sea water and release it in winter for district heating.{{cite web|url=https://www.helen.fi/en/news/2018/Seasonal-energy-storage-facility-is-planned-for-the-Kruunuvuorenranta-rock-caverns/|title=The world's first seasonal energy storage facility of its kind is planned for the Kruunuvuorenranta rock caverns|date=30 January 2018}}

Transport uses 30% of all energy, but 40% of the energy is produced with oil. Consumption per kilometre has decreased, but the number of kilometres has grown.

The Kyoto agreement had obligation to restrict the traffic emissions in Finland between 2008 and 2012 in the year 1990 level. According to Ministry report in 2004 the share of public transport in Finland is lower than in most other European countries."Joukkoliikenne nousuun!" –mietintö, Liikenne- ja viestintäministeriö 2004

{{main|Electricity sector in Finland }}

From 2010 to 2021, Finland, a net electricity importer, experienced annual import levels ranging from 11 to 20 terawatt-hours (TWh), or 14% to 31% of its electricity supply. Initially, the majority of imports came from Russia, averaging 88% from 2005 to 2011. After a new interconnection with Sweden became operational in 2012, Sweden became the main supplier, accounting for 87% of imports from 2012 to 2021. In May 2022, following Finland's intention to join NATO amidst the Ukraine invasion and due to payment transfer issues, Russia ceased supplying electricity to Finland. The commencement of the Olkiluoto 3 nuclear reactor in 2023 is expected to reduce Finland's reliance on electricity imports, aiming for the country to become a net exporter by 2030.

In Finland electricity consumption was 83.3 TWh in 2021 compared to 60 TWh in 1990. Consumers in 2021 were industry 49%, residential buildings 29%, service sector buildings 21%.

One of the major electrical grid distribution network operators, Caruna in the south of Finland is majority-owned (80%) by Australian and Dutch holding and property companies.[https://finnwatch.org/fi/uutiset/581-hallitus-antaa-carunan-verovaelttelyn-jatkua Hallitus antaa Carunan verovälttelyn jatkua] Finnwatch 26 October 2018

From 2011 to 2021, Finland experienced a significant shift in its energy mix. The share of fossil fuels in Total Energy Supply (TES) declined from 53% to 36%, with decreases seen across all types: oil (26% to 21%), natural gas (9.6% to 6.4%), and coal (11% to 6.3%). Peat's contribution to TES also decreased from 5.8% to 2.7%. These changes were driven by transitions to renewable energy sources, notably solid biomass, with bioenergy and waste increasing from 23% to 34% of TES. Wind energy grew from 0.1% to 2.3%, while nuclear energy remained stable at 18%, expected to rise with the new Olkiluoto 3 reactor's full operation.

About one quarter of energy production in Finland comes from burning wood. There are no forests grown for fuel. Instead, most firewood is byproduct of other uses of wood. The black liquor (by-product of pulp production) and peel and branches (by-product of sawmill industry) are used by the forest industry itself in creating its own energy by wood burning.{{cite web|url=http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/tilasto/julkaisut/mtt/2014/puupolttoaine2013.pdf|title=Metsähaketta käytettiin 8,7 miljoonaa kuutiometriä vuonna 2013 – uusi ennätys|website=Metla.fi|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=17 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417063613/http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/tilasto/julkaisut/mtt/2014/puupolttoaine2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}

The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation (FANC) demands Finland not to burn stumps and sturdy wood that are 15% of wood chips burned according to government energy policy.

Finland does not have any petroleum resources of its own, so it relies 100% on petroleum imports. In 2007 oil imports were almost 11 million tonnes in Finland. In 2006, Finnish oil imports came from Russia (64 percent), Norway (11 percent), Denmark (11 percent), and the rest from United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, and Algeria. Petroleum comprises 24 percent of the Finnish energy consumption. Most of the petroleum is used in vehicles, but about 260,000 homes are heated by heating oil.

Neste Oil is the sole oil refiner in Finland, exporting petroleum products such as gasoline and fuel oil to the Baltic countries and North America. Oil imports were valued at 6.5 billion euros and exports 3 billion euros in 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.oil-gas.fi/index.php?m=4&id=203|title=Öljy- ja biopolttoaineala ry - Öljy- ja biopolttoaineala ry|website=Oil-gas.fi|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215121412/http://www.oil-gas.fi/index.php?m=4&id=203|url-status=dead}}

{{main|Coal in Finland}}

Coal is imported from Poland. 5.3 million tonnes were used in 2016.

According to Finnwatch (27 September 2010) there are 13 coal power plants in Finland. The companies Pohjolan Voima, Fortum, Helsingin Energia and Rautaruukki consume coal most.[http://www.finnwatch.org/pdf/ Kivihiilta_idasta_ja_etelasta.pdf Kivihiiltä idästä ja etelästä Vastuullisuus energiayhtiöiden ostoissa] FinnWatch 3/2010 (27 September 2010) pages 4–12, page 5 Table of coal imports in 2007–2009 (include www references){{in lang|fi}}

The ILO Agreement 176 (1995) addresses health and safety risks in mines.{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C176 |title=C176 - Safety and Health in Mines Convention, 1995 (No. 176) |publisher=International Labour Organization |access-date=17 November 2017}} Finland ratified the agreement in 1997. However, as of 2017 the agreement was not ratified in the following countries that export coal to Finland: Canada, Australia, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Indonesia and China.{{cite web |url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11300:0::NO:11300:P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312321 |title=Ratifications of C176 - Safety and Health in Mines Convention, 1995 (No. 176) |publisher=International Labour Organization |access-date=17 November 2017}} At least two companies in Finland reported (2010) using the UN Global Compact initiative criteria in their supplier relationships. No Finnish company reported signing the UN Global Compact Initiative.

Coal, which in 2021 accounted for 4.9% of electricity generation, will be banned from 2029.{{cite web |title=Finland 2023 Energy Policy Review |url=https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/842c42c2-8d79-4845-92c8-d36c0ff96ef4/Finland2023-EnergyPolicyReview.pdf |access-date=7 August 2023}}

Finland has no production facilities or underground storage facilities for gas.{{cite web |title=Finland: Gas Supply Recalibration Moves Forward with Hamina LNG Terminal Launch |url=https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/ci/research-analysis/finland-hamina-lng-terminal.html |date=13 October 2022}}

Natural gas has been used in Finland since 1974 after the first oil crisis.{{cite web|url=http://www.oil-gas.fi/index.php?m=4&id=210|title=Öljy- ja biopolttoaineala ry - Öljy- ja biopolttoaineala ry|website=Oil-gas.fi|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=9 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009203551/http://www.oil-gas.fi/index.php?m=4&id=210|url-status=dead}} Gasum is the Finnish importer and seller of natural gas, which owns and operates Finnish natural gas transmission system. Natural gas vehicles aren't popular in Finland, but natural gas powered busses exist.

On 21 May 2022, the supply of gas from Russia to Finland was cut off because Gasum refused to pay for the gas deliveries in rubles as required by the Russian gas company Gazprom and Moscow. The import of gas to Finland was then switched over to come through the Balticconnector pipeline. The LNG terminal ship Exemplar was also leased for 10 years to cover Finland's gas needs in the event of any shortages.{{cite news |title=Finland replaces Russian gas with Baltic link |url=https://yle.fi/news/3-12456104 |access-date=28 May 2022 |publisher=Yle |date=21 May 2022}} The ship's annual gas capacity is 35 terawatt-hours (TWh).{{cite web |title=Suomen ja Viron ministerit sopivat LNG-terminaalin sijainnista |url=https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/1410877/suomen-ja-viron-ministerit-sopivat-lng-terminaalin-sijainnista |publisher=Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment |language=fi |date=10 October 2022 |access-date=14 October 2022}}

{{main|Peat energy in Finland }}

Peat and hard coal are the most harmful energy sources for global warming in Finland. According to VTT studies, peat is often the most harmful one.Jyri Seppälä, Kaisu Aapala, Kimmo Silvo and Raimo Heikkilä 2008: Muistio Suomen IPCC-ryhmän avoimesta Turpeen ilmastovaikutusten arviointi -seminaarista. Suomen ympäristökeskus.

Peat was the most popular energy source in Finland for new energy investments 2005–2015. The new energy plants in Finland starting 2005–2015 have as energy source: peat 36% and hard coal 11%: combined: 47%. The major carbon dioxide emitting peat plants during 2005–15 were expected to be ({{CO2}} kt): PVO 2700 kt, Jyväskylän Energia 561 kt, Etelä-Pohjanmaan Voima Oy (EPV Energia) 374 kt, Kuopion Energia 186 kt, UPM Kymmene 135 kt and Vapo 69 kt. EPV Energy is partner in TVO nuclear plants and Jyväskylän and Kuopion Energia partners in Fennovoima nuclear plants in Finland.[http://www.greenpeace.org/finland/Global/finland/p2/ilmasto/report/2009/saastuttaminen-kannattaa.pdf Saastuttaminen kannattaa, selvitys energiainvestoinneista 2005–2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043707/http://www.greenpeace.org/finland/Global/finland/p2/ilmasto/report/2009/saastuttaminen-kannattaa.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }} Greenpeace 2009 pp. 14–15 if two owners, the emission is divided between them undepended of the actual share of the plant

According to IEA country report the Finnish subsidies for peat undermine the goal to reduce CO₂ emissions and counteracts other environmental policies and The European Union emissions trading scheme. IEA recommends to adhere to the timetable to phase out the peat subsidies in 2010. "To encourage sustained production of peat in the face of negative incentives from the European Union's emissions trading scheme for greenhouse gases, Finland has put in place a premium tariff scheme to subsidise peat. The premium tariff is designed to directly counter the effect of the European Union's emissions trading scheme".

Finland plans to reduce peat energy production, which generates 2.6% of Finland's electricity, it will be reduced by 50% by 2030.{{cite web |title=EU Cohesion Policy: More than €465 million for a just climate transition in Finland |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_7802 |date=21 December 2022}}

{{main|Renewable energy in Finland}}

Renewable energy encompasses biomass, hydro, wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources.

From 2011 to 2021, the proportion of renewable energy in Finland's total final energy consumption (TFEC) steadily increased from 34% to 48%. This growth was primarily fueled by rises in bioenergy (from 29% to 38%), hydro (from 4.7% to 6.1%), and wind (from 0.2% to 3.3%). In 2020, Finland ranked third among IEA member countries for its share of renewables in TFEC. By 2021, renewables accounted for 43.1% of Finland's gross final energy consumption, 39.5% of electricity generation, 52.6% of heating and cooling, and 20.5% of transport.

In 2021, renewables made up 53% of Finland's electricity generation, totaling 38 terawatt-hours (TWh). This consisted of bioenergy contributing 13.6 TWh, hydro 15.8 TWh, wind 8.5 TWh, and solar 0.3 TWh.

The total renewable energy generating capacity has increased in Finland during the 2010s (in 2010: 5,170 MW; 2016: 7,067 MW). In 2016 the estimated renewable energy production was over 130 terawatt-hours in Finland.{{cite web|url=http://www.investinfinland.fi/-/new-record-for-renewable-energy-production-in-finland |title= New record for renewable energy production in Finland |publisher= investinfinland.fi |date= 14 February 2017|access-date=1 November 2017}}

{{main|Wind power in Finland}}

The first offshore wind farm came on line in 2017.{{cite web |title=Finland opens its first offshore wind farm |url=https://windeurope.org/newsroom/news/finland-opens-its-first-offshore-wind-farm/ |date=6 September 2017}}

In Espoo, St1 and Fortum are testing a geothermal plant. In 2018, water was pumped in the bedrock under Otaniemi through a bore over 6 km deep made with a down-the-hole drill{{cite web|url=https://www.st1.eu/geothermal-heat |title=Clean geothermal heat deep from the earth - St1 |publisher=St1.eu |date= |accessdate=2022-09-12}} to reach the warmer earth crust, in a process which was allowed to produce micro-hearthquakes up to magnitude 1.9.{{cite web|url=https://www.st1.eu/Stimulation-stage-of-St1s-geothermal-project-successfully-completed |title=Stimulation stage of St1's geothermal project successfully completed |publisher=St1.eu |date= |accessdate=2022-09-12}} Once an appropriate position is found to drill an exit bore towards which the water would flow underground, the plant could produce 40 MW of thermal power.

{{main|Nuclear power in Finland}}

As of 2008, Finland had four nuclear reactors in two power plants. The first of these came into operation in 1977.{{cite web|url=http://www.nea.fr/html/general/profiles/finland.html#nppstatus|title=Country profiles: Finland|website=Nea.fr|access-date=24 December 2017}} In 2000–2014, the four units produced 21.4–22.7 TWh electricity per year, 27–35% of energy production and 24–28% of energy consumption in Finland.{{cite web |url=http://pxweb2.stat.fi/sahkoiset_julkaisut/energia2014/data/t03_03.xls |title=Sähkön hankinta energialähteittäin 1990–2014 |publisher=Statistics Finland }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} They are among the world's most efficient, with average capacity factorsThe capacity factor is the energy produced in a year by a power plant as a percentage of the energy it would have produced had it been operating at full capacity for the entire year. of 94% in the 1990s.{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf76.html|title=Nuclear Energy in Finland - Finnish Nuclear Power - World Nuclear Association|website=World-nuclear.org|access-date=24 December 2017|archive-date=19 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519233120/http://world-nuclear.org/info/inf76.html|url-status=dead}} Work began on an additional reactor in 2005 at Olkiluoto Nuclear Power Plant. The reactor, constructed by Areva, is a European Pressurized Reactor (EPR) with a power output of 1,600 MWe, originally scheduled to start production in 2009.{{cite web |title=Nuclear Power in Finland |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-a-f/finland.aspx |access-date=12 November 2022 |publisher=World Nuclear Association}} At a total cost of over €8.5 billion,{{cite web |url=http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2859924/finland_cancels_olkiluoto_4_nuclear_reactor_is_the_epr_finished.html|title=Finland cancels Olkiluoto 4 nuclear reactor - is the EPR finished?|date=15 May 2015 }} regular electricity production started in April 2023.{{cite web |date=2023-04-16 |title=Regular electricity production has started at Olkiluoto 3 EPR |url= https://www.tvo.fi/en/index/news/pressreleasesstockexchangereleases/2023/regularelectricityproductionhasstartedatolkiluoto3epr.html |website=TVO}}

Another nuclear power station is under development by the Fennovoima consortium. The Russian nuclear engineering company Rosatom owns 34% of the project. Various Finnish corporations and local governments are also major owners.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

The share of electricity produced by nuclear power could double by 2025, reaching around 60%.{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/energy/energy-policies-of-iea-countries-finland-2013_9789264190788-en|title=Energy Policies of IEA Countries, Statistics: Finland 2013|website=Oecd-ilibrary.org|date=23 May 2013 |access-date=24 December 2017}}

Finland has more than 330 hydro power plants, with total capacity of over 3,100 megawatts in 2022.

Hydro accounted for 18% of Finland’s total installed power generation capacity and 22% of total power generation in 2021.{{cite web |title=Hydropower capacity in Finland and major projects |url=https://www.power-technology.com/data-insights/hydropower-in-finland/ |date=20 June 2023}}

In 2023 it was planned to create three green hydrogen plants in Finland producing 850 tons of green hydrogen daily, 2.2GW per annum.{{cite web |title=Plug Power has announced exciting plans to invest $6bn in developing three green hydrogen production plants in Finland. |work=Innovation News Network |url=https://www.innovationnewsnetwork.com/6bn-investment-to-create-three-green-hydrogen-plants-in-finland/33486/ |date=31 May 2023 |last1=Thomas |first1=Jack }}

{{Main|Climate change in Finland}}

In 2008, Finland's greenhouse gas emissions totalled 70.1 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2e). A little over three-quarters of them were based on energy or released from the energy sector.{{cite web |url=https://ilmasto-opas.fi/en/ilmastonmuutos/hillinta/-/artikkeli/0be63fa0-533f-4986-b674-859b6577c8b5/suomen-paastot.html |title=Emissions in 2008 |website=Climate Guide |access-date=15 January 2017}}

The carbon dioxide emissions by fossil fuels in 2008 originated from 45% oil, 39% coal and 15% natural gas. In the year 2000 the shares were nearly equal: 48% oil and 37% coal. The fossil traffic fuels: motor petrol, diesel and aviation petrol are oil products. The biomass included 47% of black liquor and 52% of wood in 2008. These shares were practically same during 1990–2006. All biomass and agricultural warming gas emissions are free of charge in the EU emissions trading in 2008–2012. According to the official statistics the annual fossil fuel and coal emissions in Finland have large annual variation. E.g. the fossil fuel CO₂ emissions dropped 18% in the year 2005 and 13% in 2008, but the annual coal emissions increased 22% in 1996, 22% in 2001 and 58% in 2006.

Particulate, the size of which is from a few nanometers to visible dust particles, are considered the most important environmental factor affecting human life. About half of particulates are of anthropogenic origin: traffic, industry and energy production. In Finland, the most important source is burning wood as fuel.[http://www.savonsanomat.fi/kotimaa/Arvio-Pienhiukkaset-aiheuttavat-vuosittain-1300-ennenaikaista-kuolemaa-Suomessa/547488 Pienhiukkaset tunkeutuvat hengitysteihin - vuosittain jopa 1300 ennenaikaista kuolemaa Suomessa] Savon Sanomat Also the NO₂ and SO₂ gases become particulates in the atmosphere.{{cite web|url=http://www.ilmanlaatu.fi/ilmansaasteet/komponentit/pm25.html|title=ilmanlaatu.fi - Pienhiukkaset PM2.5|website=Ilmanlaatu.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ymparisto.fi/fi-FI/Kartat_ja_tilastot/Ilman_epapuhtauksien_paastot/Ilman_epapuhtauksien_paastot_Suomessa(9416)|title=Ilman epäpuhtauksien päästöt Suomessa - ymparisto.fi|website=Ymparisto.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}

{{main|Energy policy of Finland}}

The objective of RE (2005) of electricity was 35% (1997–2010). However, (2006) the Finnish objective was dropped to 31.5% (1997–2010). According to 'Renewables Global Status Report' Finland aims to increase RE only 2% in 13 years. This objective to add the RE use with 2% in 13 years is among the modest of all the EU countries.[http://www.ren21.net/pdf/RE_GSR_2006_Update.pdf 2005: Record year for investments in renewable energy REN21] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318230432/http://www.ren21.net/pdf/RE_GSR_2006_Update.pdf |date=18 March 2009 }}"Renewables Global Status Report 2006 Update", REN21. 2006. (Paris: REN21 Secretariat and Washington, DC:Worldwatch Institute).

The public energy subsidies in Finland in 2013 were €700 million for fossil energy and €60 million for renewable energy (mainly wood and wind).Simo sai jättimäiset tuulivoimalat HS 3.4.2014 A10 An increased feed-in tariff was used for new wind power industry in 2011 to 2015.[http://www.tuulivoimayhdistys.fi/tietoa-tuulivoimasta/tietoa-tuulivoimasta/taloudellisuus/tukimuodot/takuuhintajarjestelma Takuuhintajärjestelmä Suomessa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210203615/http://www.tuulivoimayhdistys.fi/tietoa-tuulivoimasta/tietoa-tuulivoimasta/taloudellisuus/tukimuodot/takuuhintajarjestelma |date=10 December 2016 }} Tuulivoimayhdistys

Finland's energy and climate strategy targets carbon neutrality by 2035, emphasizing energy security, sustainability, and biodiversity. The Climate Change Act, revised in July 2022, mandates neutrality by 2035 and sets goals for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions: 60% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 90-95% by 2050, excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF). Finland's approach includes nuclear energy, more renewables for electricity and heat, improved energy efficiency, and economy-wide electrification. After Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Finland moved to cut Russian energy imports, which previously comprised 81% of crude oil, 75% of natural gas, and 19% of electricity imports in 2021. The country's energy shift is highlighted by launching Europe's first new nuclear reactor in 15 years in April 2023 and expanding onshore wind power.

{{Portal|Energy|Finland}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104125114/http://ec.europa.eu/energy/demand/legislation/doc/neeap/finland_en.pdf Finland’s National Energy Efficiency Action Plan] (NEEAP 2008–2010) 26 June 2007
• [http://findikaattori.fi/en/25 Findicator - Energy consumption 1970-2012]
• [http://findikaattori.fi/en/26 Findicator - Final energy consumption by sector 1970-2012]

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