Erasmus University Rotterdam#History

{{Short description|Public university in the Netherlands}}

{{distinguish|Erasmus Programme}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{Infobox university

| name = Erasmus University Rotterdam

| native_name = Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam

| image = Erasmus University Rotterdam Stacked logo (Colour).png

| image_size = 200px

| latin_name = Academiae Erasmianae Roterodamensis

| mottoeng = Making Minds Matter and Creating a Force for Positive Change[https://www.eur.nl/en/about-eur/house-style/making-minds-matter Making Minds Matter] – website of the EUR

| established = 1913 – Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool
1937 – renamed Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool (with university status granted)
1966 – establishment Medische Faculteit Rotterdam
1973 – merger Medische Faculteit Rotterdam and Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool; renamed to Erasmus University Rotterdam

| type = Public, General

| budget = €859,1 million (2023){{cite web |title=EUR 2023 Annual report |url=https://publicaties.eur.nl/en/2023-annual-report}}

| rector = Jantine Schuit{{Cite web |title=Prof.dr.ir. Jantine Schuit. Over de rector magnificus |work=eur.nl |date= |access-date=22 January 2025 |url=https://www.eur.nl/over-de-universiteit/organisatie/college-van-bestuur/jantine-schuit}}

| academic_staff = 3,207 (2023)

| administrative_staff = 3,130 (2023)

| undergrad = 20,508 (2023)

| postgrad = 11,104 (2023)

| doctoral = 2,628 (2023){{cite web |title=Nederlandse promovendi naar type promovendus naar universiteit |url=https://www.rathenau.nl/nl/wetenschap-cijfers/output/promoties-en-studenten-hoger-onderwijs/nederlandse-promovendi-naar-type}}

| city = Rotterdam and The Hague

| province = South Holland

| country = Netherlands

| colours = Erasmus Bright Green, Erasmus Green and Erasmus Warm Grey[https://www.eur.nl/en/about-eur/house-style/brand-elements/colours Corporate colours] – website of the EUR
{{color box|#0c8066}} {{color box|#002328}} {{color box|#e3dad8}}

| website = {{URL|http://www.eur.nl/english|eur.nl}}

| logo = Logo_Erasmus_Universiteit_Rotterdam.svg

| logo_size = 300px

| affiliations = AMBA, EQUIS, AACSB, TPC

}}

Erasmus University Rotterdam ({{langx|nl|Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam}} {{IPA|nl|eːˈrɑsmʏs ynivɛrsiˈtɛit rɔtərˈdɑm|}}; abbreviated as EUR) is a public research university located in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The university is named after Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, a 15th-century Christian humanist and theologian.

Erasmus MC, the teaching hospital and medical school of Erasmus University, is one of the largest medical institutions in Western Europe and the foremost medical and trauma centers in the Netherlands.{{cite web |author= |title=Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam (EMC) |url=https://www.cineca-project.eu/partners/emc |website= cineca-project.eu |language= English |location= European Union] |publisher= Publications Office of the European Union|access-date= 13 June 2025}}{{cite web |author= |title=Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam |url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/how-to-participate/org-details/999988424 |website= ec.europa.eu |language= English |location= European Union] |publisher= Directorate-General for Research and Innovation|access-date= 13 June 2025}}

History

File:Rotterdam School of Management Erasmus University Campus spring.jpg

Erasmus University Rotterdam was founded on 8 November 1913 as the Netherlands School of Commerce ({{lang|nl|Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool}}, or NHH) through private initiative with broad support from the business community of Rotterdam.[https://trustfonds.nl/over-het-erasmus-trustfonds/historie/ History Erasmus University Rotterdam] – website Erasmus Trustfonds In 1937, the school was recognized as a higher educational institute with university status, providing education in commerce and economics as an academic discipline. This resulted in a change of its name: the NHH became the NEH, or Netherlands School of Economics ({{lang|nl|Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool}}). The growing complexity of society led, in the 1960s, to the arrival of the faculties of Law and Social Sciences, followed in later decades by Philosophy, History and Arts, and Business Administration.

From 1950, the Foundation for Higher Clinical Education used its best efforts to get a full academic medical study programme established in Rotterdam, and with success: In 1966, the government established the Medical Faculty Rotterdam ({{lang|nl|Medische Faculteit Rotterdam}}), housed next to Dijkzigt Hospital. Together with the Sophia Children's Hospital and the Daniel den Hoed Clinic, it forms the University Hospital Rotterdam, which as of 1 January 2003, bears the name Erasmus MC.

In 1973, the Medical Faculty Rotterdam and the Netherlands School of Economics merged, after which the institution was renamed under its current name Erasmus University Rotterdam ({{lang|nl|Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam}}) – the first university in the Netherlands named after a person, a man to whom Rotterdam owes the reputation it has held for centuries in the academic world.{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.eur.nl/en/about-eur/organisation-administration/tradition-and-history/history |website=eur.nl |date=27 September 2022}}

=Health=

This domain includes the Erasmus MC, the Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management (ESHPM) and the Institute for Medical Technology Assessment (iMTA).

Erasmus MC is the new name for the university medical centre in Rotterdam, which is a merger of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and the University Hospital Rotterdam (Dijkzigt, Sophia, Daniel den Hoed clinic). The biomedical cluster plays a leading role in the field of analysis of role of individual genes playing role in diseases. The Forensic Molecular Biology department works together with the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI). Major long-term genetic epidemiological studies among the elderly and children are Erasmus Rotterdam Health for the Elderly (ERGO) and Generation R respectively.

The Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management (ESHPM) forms a bridge between medicine and the health sciences on the one hand and social sciences on the other. The institute for Medical Technology Assessment (iMTA) conducts health economic research in collaboration with both the Erasmus MC and the Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management.

=Wealth=

File:ErasmusUniv3.JPG

This area includes the Erasmus School of Economics and the Rotterdam School of Management. Its economics programs and management programs attract students and postgraduates from all over the world.

The research schools Erasmus Institute for Management (ERIM) and the Tinbergen Institute attract PhD students, research fellows, PostDocs and visiting professors of repute from all corners of the world.

Other joint ventures are the English-language programme International Business Administration, the Erasmus Executive Development programme (EED) and the Erasmus University Centre for Contract Research and Business Support (ERBS).

File:Lustrum sculpture by Ger van Iersel 2.jpg

=Governance=

The research focuses on the organisation of business and society. This area has ground in common not only with economics and management, but also with medicine and health sciences.

=Culture=

File:Rotterdam universiteit bibliotheek.jpg

As one of four concentrations of Erasmus University, culture is defined broadly with focus on the areas of media, cultural economics, and the high arts. Primary research is on society and the arts, including cultural policy, media, and social identity in modern society. Faculty has particular strengths in research, and the students tend to graduate with strong research skills for both academic and field placement.

Research Institutes/Schools

=Wealth=

==Erasmus Research Institute of Management==

The Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM) is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management and the Erasmus School of Economics, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam. It aims to bring together top researchers in business and management.

==Econometric Institute==

Erasmus University today is seen as the leading university in Econometrics and Operational Research. Jan Tinbergen, Nobel Prize winner for Economics (1969), and Henri Theil founded the Econometric Institute and influenced both Econometrics & Management Science. Tinbergen's theories also had a political inclination, with multiple objectives of price stability and employment and policies to achieve the desired results and stabilizing the economy.

==Tinbergen Institute (TI)==

The Tinbergen Institute is a joint institute for research and education in economics, econometrics and finance of the University of Amsterdam, the VU University Amsterdam and the Erasmus University Rotterdam. It is one of the top research institutes and graduate schools in economics and finance in the world.See also Ranking Tinbergen (Econometric) Institute It offers a research master program (MPhil) in economics and finance as well as PhD opportunities.

==Transport, Infrastructure and Logistics (TRAIL)==

In association with TU Delft, the TRAIL Research School is the Dutch national research school active in the fields of Transport, Infrastructure, and Logistics.

==Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship (ECE)==

Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship is an independent research and education organisation that originated from the Erasmus University, centring around entrepreneurship, both locally and globally.{{cite web |title=Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship |url=https://ece.nl/}}

=Health=

File:Erasmus MC 2012.JPG

File:Rotterdam_universiteit_aula.jpg

  • Cardiovascular Research School Erasmus University Rotterdam (COEUR)
  • Netherlands Institute for Health Sciences (NIHES)
  • Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine (MM)
  • Medical Genetics Centre South-West Netherlands (MGC)

MGC participates in the top Research School Centre for Developmental and Biomedical Genetics

  • Helmholtz School for Autonomous Systems Research

=Law, Culture and Society=

  • Institute for Sales and Account Management
  • International Institute of Social Studies
  • Research School Public Safety
  • Netherlands Institute of Government (NIG)
  • Huizinga Instituut
  • N.W. Posthumus Instituut
  • Amsterdam School of Social-Public Research (ASSR)
  • Research School Rights of the human
  • Experimental Psychologic Researchschool (EPOS)
  • Kurt Lewin Institute
  • Research School of Ethics

Campus

File:Rotterdam_Nieuwe_Markt.jpg

File:Social sofa Den Haag Kortenaerkade (3).jpg

The University has campuses at five locations, of which four in Rotterdam and one in The Hague:[https://www.eur.nl/en/campus/locations EUR Locations] – website of the Erasmus University Rotterdam

=Sustainability=

On 9 September 2009 ("Sustainability Day"), GreenEUR was launched officially. During this day, GreenEUR organized several on-campus activities in cooperation with Greening the Campus. Since April 2010 GreenEUR is officially recognized by the Executive Board.{{cite web |title=GreenEUR |url=http://www.greeneur.nl |website=GreenEUR}}

Student activities

  • In Duplo – Student Association for double degree students
  • Economic Faculty Association Rotterdam
  • STAR Student Association Rotterdam School of Management
  • STAR Management Week
  • Erasmus Consultancy Project
  • FAECTOR – official school association Erasmus School of Economics
  • Econometric Career Days
  • Erasmus debating society – oldest debating society in the Netherlands {{cite web|url=http://debate.nl/|title=Welcome|website=EDS}}
  • Erasmus Centre for Entrepreneurship
  • Erasmus Magazine
  • EUCSA – Student Association EUC Campus, Liberal Arts & Sciences
  • Investment Week & Symposium
  • Student Investment Society B&R Beurs
  • International Students Rotterdam (ISR) - Society for all international students
  • Erasmus Sport

Rankings

{{Infobox university rankings

| QS_W = =140 | QS_W_year = 2026 | QS_W_ref = {{Cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/world-university-rankings|title=QS World University Rankings}}

| THE_W = =107 | THE_W_year = 2025 | THE_W_ref = {{cite news |title=World University Rankings 2025 |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/world-ranking |work=Times Higher Education (THE) |access-date=9 October 2024}}

| ARWU_W = 101-150 | ARWU_W_year = 2024 | ARWU_W_ref = {{cite web |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/arwu/2024 |title=2024 Academic Ranking of World Universities |access-date=8 October 2024 |publisher=Shanghai Ranking Consultancy}}

| USNWR_W = =70 | USNWR_W_year = 2024-25 | USNWR_W_ref = {{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |title=2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings |website=U.S. News Education (USNWR) |access-date=8 October 2024}}

| CWUR_W = 111 | CWUR_W_year = 2025 | CWUR_W_ref = {{cite web |url=https://cwur.org/2025.php |title=World University Rankings 2025 |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=Center for World University Rankings}}

| CWTS_W = 104 | CWTS_W_year = 2024 | CWTS_W_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2024/list|title=CWTS Leiden Ranking 2024 - PP top 10%|access-date=8 October 2024|work=CWTS Leiden Ranking}}

|-

| BI_W_MBA = 29 | BI_W_MBA_year= 2020 | BI_W_MBA_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/best-mba-programs-in-the-world-2020-9?international=true&r=US&IR=T|title=The 50 best MBA programs in the world 2020|website=Business Insider.|access-date=5 March 2021}}

| FT_W_MBA = 56 | FT_W_MBA_year= 2025 | FT_W_MBA_ref = {{cite web|url=https://rankings.ft.com/schools/162/rsm-erasmus-university/rankings/2997/mba-2025/ranking-data|title=Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University - Global MBA ranking 2025|website=Financial Times|access-date=9 June 2025}}

| QS_W_Business = 22 | QS_W_Business_year = 2025 | QS_W_Business_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/business-management-studies|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2025: Business & Management Studies|website=Top Universities|access-date=9 June 2025}}

| QS_W_Economics = =55 | QS_W_Economics_year = 2025 | QS_W_Economics_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/economics-econometrics|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2025: Economics & Econometrics|website=Top Universities|access-date=9 June 2025}}

| QS_W_MBA = 32 | QS_W_MBA_year = 2025 | QS_W_MBA_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/mba-rankings/global|title=QS World University Rankings: Global MBA Rankings 2025|website=Top Universities|access-date=9 June 2025}}

| THE_W_Business = 23 | THE_W_Business_year = 2025 | THE_W_Business_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/subject-ranking/business-and-economics|title=THE World University Rankings 2025 by subject: business and economics|work=Times Higher Education|access-date=5 March 2025}}

| USNWR_W_Economics and Business = 11| USNWR_W_Economics and Business_year = 2021 | USNWR_W_Economics and Business_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/economics-business}}

|-

| ARWU_W_LIFE = 76-100 | ARWU_W_LIFE_year = 2024 | ARWU_W_LIFE_ref = {{cite web |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2024/RS0302 |title=ShanghaiRanking's 2024 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects - Life Sciences: Human Biological Sciences |access-date=17 November 2024 |publisher=Shanghai Ranking Consultancy}}

| ARWU_W_MED = 51-75 | ARWU_W_MED_year = 2024 | ARWU_W_MED_ref = {{cite web |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2024/RS0401 |title=ShanghaiRanking's 2024 Global Ranking of Academic Subject - Clinical Medicine |access-date=17 November 2024 |publisher=Shanghai Ranking Consultancy}}

| QS_W_Life = =83 | QS_W_Life_year = 2025 | QS_W_Life_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-subject-rankings/life-sciences-medicine|title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2025: Life Sciences & Medicine|website=Top Universities|access-date=9 June 2025}}

| THE_W_Health = 52 | THE_W_Health_year = 2025 | THE_W_Health_ref = {{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2025/subject-ranking/clinical-pre-clinical-health|title=THE World University Rankings 2024 by subject: clinical and health|website=Top Universities|access-date=5 March 2025}}

}}

=Erasmus School of Economics=

; Economics Department

The economics faculty is, according to the QS World University Rankings 2018, the 9th best in Europe (UK included) and 50th in the world in economics and econometrics,[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2014/economics-econometrics QS World University Rankings economics econometrics 2014]. Retrieved 20 June 2014 and 37th in the world in accounting and finance (10th best in Europe).[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2014/accounting QS World University Rankings accounting 2014]. Retrieved 20 June 2014

[http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2013/economics-and-econometrics QS World University Rankings economics econometrics 2013]. Retrieved 18 June 2013

Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranks Erasmus University 1st in the Netherlands, 7th in Europe, and 28th in the world for the subject Economics and Business in 2020.{{cite web |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/subject-ranking/business-and-economics#!/page/1/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |title=World University Rankings 2020 by subject: Business and economics |website=www.timeshighereducation.com |date= 29 October 2019|access-date=6 August 2020}}

The Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking of World Universities published in 2018, lists Erasmus School of Economics as 9th in Europe and 32nd in the world in the fields of economics and business.{{cite web |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities in Economics / Business – 2015 {{!}} 2015 Top 200 Universities in Economics / Business {{!}} ARWU-SUBJECT 2015 |url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/SubjectEcoBus2015.html |website=www.shanghairanking.com |access-date=2016-11-27 |archive-date=20 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620224526/http://www.shanghairanking.com/SubjectEcoBus2015.html |url-status=dead }}

Erasmus University Rotterdam has received high rankings in the fields of Economics and Business. According to US News 2022, the university ranked 1st in the Netherlands, 2nd in Europe and 10th in the world for Economics and Business.[https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/economics-business Global University Rankings]. Retrieved 22 November 2021

=Rotterdam School of Management=

The Financial Times European Business School Rankings [http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/european-business-school-rankings-2019 FT European Business school rankings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328155901/http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/european-business-school-rankings-2019 |date=28 March 2020 }}. Retrieved 1 July 2020 as well as the Global MBA rankings [http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings FT Global MBA Rankings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829050814/http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/global-mba-rankings |date=29 August 2011 }}. Retrieved 30 September 2010 consistently lists RSM as top 10 in Europe. The Financial Times ranked the CEMS MSc in International Management offered by Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University as third in the world in 2022.{{cite web |title=Business school rankings from the Financial Times |url=https://rankings.ft.com/rankings/2875/masters-of-management-2022 |website=Financial Times|access-date=2022-12-06}} QS ranked the school's MSc Global Business & Sustainability program among the top 60 in the world in the 2023 International Trade Rankings.{{Cite web |title=Global Rankings of International Trade Master's Programs |url=https://www.hinrichfoundation.com/research/project/international-trade-ranking/ |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Hinrich Foundation |language=en-US}}

; Accreditation

The business school has achieved triple accreditation from the international accrediting bodies of management education: AMBA, EQUIS, and AACSB. Only 100 business schools in the world have acquired triple accreditation, although many schools have a policy of not applying for multiple accreditations.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

=Erasmus Medical Center=

{{Main|Erasmus MC}}

File:Erasmus-MC parkeergarage 's-Gravendijkwal-230 Rotterdam Nederland.JPG, the University Medical Center]]

The Erasmus MC (university medical center) is considered by several major rankings to be a global top institution for clinical medicine, i.e. ranked in the world as 45th in 2020 by Times Higher Education World University Rankings,[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2020/subject-ranking/clinical-pre-clinical-health#!/page/1/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats World University Rankings 2020 by subject: clinical, pre-clinical and health] – website Times Higher Education World University Rankings as 28th in 2020 by U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking[https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/clinical-medicine?page=3 Best Global Universities for Clinical Medicine] – website U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking and 50th in 2019 by QS World University Rankings.[https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2019/life-sciences-medicine QS World University Rankings by Subject 2019: Life Sciences and Medicine] – website QS World University Rankings

The Erasmus MC is listed by The Scientist as the fifth-best of the top 15 medical institutions outside the United States (ranking 2004).

Education

=Undergraduate programmes=

Erasmus University Rotterdam offers a broad range of Bachelor's programmes taught in the Dutch language, leading to a B.A., BSc or LL.B. degree.

Furthermore, the university offers several completely English-language Bachelor programmes. These programmes are open to students aiming for an international career in Business and/or Economics or Communication and Media. Apart from the Dutch students, at least 50% of the students taking these programmes are international students from over 80 countries.{{Cite web |title=Admission requirements for Bachelor International Bachelor Economics and Business Economics {{!}} Erasmus University Rotterdam |url=https://www.eur.nl/en/bachelor/international-bachelor-economics-and-business-economics/admission |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=www.eur.nl |language=en}}

=Graduate Studies=

Students can choose from different types of Master programmes: (common) Master programmes, Research Master programmes or Post-experience Master programmes. Education at this level is given mostly in English.

==Master's programmes==

These types of Master's programmes lead to a M.A., MSc or LL.M. degree.

==Research Master's programmes==

Talented graduates are given the opportunity to utilise their skills and potential in academic research. To be eligible for a Research Master, a bachelor's or master's degree must have been obtained.

==Post-experience and professional Master's programmes==

The university also offers specialised knowledge and skills programmes for further development of one's professional career. These types of programmes leads to the commonly known M.A. or MSc, but also to professional master's degree's like MBA, MFM (Master in Financial Management), or MHM.

=Research doctoral programmes=

In addition, most departments, affiliated (research) institutes or faculties offer doctorate programs or positions, leading to the 'Doctor of Philosophy' (PhD) degree. Most of the PhD programs offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.

=Erasmus Honours Academy=

Erasmus University offers special honours programmes.

Students are invited to take part if their first-year grades are well above average and if they have proved themselves to be sufficiently motivated. The programmes are either disciplinary: special programmes for the very best students of one departments, or interdisciplinary: one of the Erasmus Honours Programme-tracks, where the very best students of the different faculties of the Erasmus University investigate, discuss, and tackle crucial contemporary scientific and societal questions from various perspectives.

After successfully completing the honours-programme, students receive a Honours-certificate and a Letter of Recommendation from the dean of their respective Faculty, or the Rector Magnificus of the EUR.{{citation |title=EUR Strategy |date=nd |url=http://www.eur.nl/english/eur/strategy |work=EUR |access-date=11 July 2012}}

Notable staff

=Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureates=

File:Jan Tinbergen 1982.jpg

=Politics=

=Business=

=Scientists=

=Philosophy=

Notable alumni

File:Ruud Lubbers 1986.jpg| Ruud Lubbers

File:Jeroen van der Veer (2015).jpg| Jeroen van der Veer

File:Prince Friso.jpg| Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau

File:Neelie Kroes.jpg| Neelie Kroes

File:Albert Winsemius (1971).jpg| Albert Winsemius

File:Melanie Schultz van Haegen 2013 (2).jpg| Melanie Schultz van Haegen

File:Mohammad Hatta 1950.jpg| Mohammad Hatta

File:Ferry Sonneville (1962).jpg|Ferry Sonneville

File:Meles Zenawi - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg| Meles Zenawi

File:Pressconference Ploumen and Malmstrom (24148653964).jpg| Lilianne Ploumen

File:Peter Nijkamp.jpg| Peter Nijkamp

File:Minister van Financien Witteveen licht de Tweede Kamer in over gang van zaken v…, Bestanddeelnr 923-2205.jpg| Johan Witteveen

File:Jan Pronk portrait.jpg| Jan Pronk

File:Fatima Moreira de Melo 2015.jpg| Fatima Moreira de Melo

File:Feike sijbesma-1495556952.jpg| Feike Sijbesma

File:2017-03 Johan Andresen.jpg| Johan Andresen

Heads of government

Business leaders

Economists and researchers

Politicians

Others

References

{{reflist}}