Falange Española de las JONS (1976)

{{Infobox political party

| name = Spanish Falange of the Councils for the National Syndicalist Offensive

| native_name = Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista

| logo = ROJO HORIZONTAL-LOGO-FEdelasJONS LAFALANGE.webp

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| colorcode = {{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}

| leader = Norberto Pedro Pico Sanabria

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| founded = {{Start date|df=yes|1976|10|04}}

| dissolved =

| merger =

| split = FET y de las JONS

| predecessor = Falange Española de las JONS

| merged =

| successor =

| headquarters = C/ Carranza 13 2º 28004, Madrid

| newspaper = En Marcha (since 2017)

Patria Sindicalista (1977–2017)

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| ideology = Falangism
• Ultranationalism
• National syndicalism
• Third Position
• Republicanism
• Anti-capitalism
• Anti-communism
• Anti-liberalism

| position = Far-right

| religion = Roman Catholicism

| national = ADÑ–Spanish Identity (2018–2024)

| international =

| european =

| europarl =

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| colors = {{color box|red}} Red {{color box|black}} Black

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| symbol =

| flag = Bandera FE JONS.svg

| anthem = Cara al Sol

| website = {{url|http://www.falange.es/}}

| country = Spain

| footnotes =

}}

Falange Española de las JONS (Spanish for "Spanish Falange of the Councils for the National Syndicalist Offensive", FE de las JONS or FE-JONS) is a Spanish political party registered in 1976, originating from a faction of the previous Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista.[http://elpais.com/diario/1976/09/10/espana/211154408_850215.html «Nuevo grupo FE de las JONS».] El País. 10 de septiembre de 1976. The word {{lang|es|Falange}} is Spanish for phalanx. Members of the party are called Falangists ({{langx|es|falangistas}}). The main ideological bases of the party are national syndicalism, Third Position and ultranationalism.

History

FE-JONS was the first political party legalized by the Spanish Transition, on 4 October 1976. After the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, a destabilization campaign led by some sectors of the right, trying to repeat the strategy of the 1930s, began. Originally, FE-JONS was linked with the neofascist terrorism in Spain, along with other similar groups.[https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3001773]José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez. Los terrorismos en la crisis del franquismo y en la transición política a la democracia. Historia del presente, ISSN 1579-8135, Nº 13, 2009, pages 133-151 A prominent member of the party was linked with the 1977 Massacre of Atocha. This strategy continued in the following years,[http://elpais.com/diario/1978/06/04/espana/265759222_850215.html Violento recorrido por Madrid de una caravana de extrema derecha.][http://elpais.com/diario/1979/04/08/opinion/292370404_850215.html Barbarie falangista] although the party also participated in elections and fully legal activities. In 1980 an "escuadrilla" (squadron) of the party killed Juan Carlos García Pérez in Ciudad Lineal, Madrid.[http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1983/07/09/034.html Diez años de prisión a uno de los implicados en el caso San Bao] Diario ABC, 9 de julio de 1983.

After the electoral defeat in the 1977 general election, in which the candidacies openly defending neo-francoist positions gained less than the 1% of the vote, the party begun a gradual distancing from the Franco regime, highlighting the thoughts of pre-Franco falangists, like José Antonio Primo de Rivera or Ramiro Ledesma.Sheelagh M. Ellwood, Paul Preston, Historia de la Falange, p.255. In 1979 the Círculos Doctrinales José Antonio joined the organization, in an attempt to unite neofalangists under a single political party. The same year FE-JONS formed a coalition with Fuerza Nueva and various Carlist political organizations called National Union. The coalition gained 1 MP in the elections of that year, gaining 378,964 votes (2.11%). The party did not participate in the 23-F coup attempt.

Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta, the "National Chief" of the party since its foundation, resigned in 1983. Diego Márquez Horrillo (1928-2014) was elected as the new chief the same year. Since then the party fully broke with Francoism, declaring itself the successor of the original Falange Española de las JONS, and fully rejecting the "Unification Decree" of 1937.

In 1999, a sector of the party split, forming La Falange. In 2004, the small faction Falange Española Independiente (FEI) joined FE-JONS. In 2011 the organization elected a new national chief, Norberto Pedro Pico Sanabria. Pico was an ex-member of the FEI. In 2012 another small faction, Mesa Nacional Falangista, joined FE-JONS.[http://amanecersindicalista.blogspot.com.es/2012/09/la-mesa-nacional-falangista-y-fe-de-las.html La Mesa Nacional Falangista y FE de las JONS acuerdan integrarse en una misma organización.]

In March 2020, Luz Belinda Rodríguez, a member of the Parliament of Andalusia who had left Vox to become an unaffiliated legislator in January 2020,{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20200124/473099502657/aprobado-que-luz-belinda-rodriguez-sea-diputada-no-adscrita-tras-salir-de-vox.html|website=La Vanguardia|title=Aprobado que Luz Belinda Rodríguez sea diputada no adscrita tras salir de Vox|date=24 January 2020}} reportedly joined the Falange and vowed to bring the initiatives of FE-JONS to the Parliament of Andalusia.{{Cite web|last=Cela|first=Daniel|date=15 March 2020|title=La diputada almeriense que dejó Vox se une a Falange y llevará sus iniciativas al Parlamento de Andalucía|url=https://www.eldiario.es/andalucia/vox-falange-iniciativas-parlamento-andalucia_1_1022654.html|access-date=7 August 2020|website=elDiario|language=es}} She then quit the Falange to found her own party.{{Cite web|date=13 December 2021|title=Una exdiputada de Vox en Andalucía monta un partido para presentarse a las autonómicas|url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2021-12-13/exdiputada-vox-andalucia-partido-autonomicas/|access-date=13 February 2022|website=The Objective {{!}} Noticias exclusivas y opiniones libres en abierto|language=es}}

On 8 July 2023, the Junta Electoral Central gave permission for the Falange to use their anthem Cara al Sol in advertisement, citing that the lyrics themselves do not violate the Democratic Memory Law and do not incite conflict or hatred against any specific group.{{cite web |title=La Junta Electoral ratifica el derecho de la Falange: el Cara al sol sonará en las televisiones públicas |date= 7 August 2023 |website= El Independiente|url=https://www.elindependiente.com/espana/2023/07/08/la-junta-electoral-ratifica-el-derecho-de-la-falange-el-cara-al-sol-sonara-en-las-televisiones-publicas/|language=es}}

On 29 October 2024, La Falange announced it would be rejoining FE-JONS after 48 years.{{Cite news |title=La Falange Española y la Falange de las JONS se vuelven a unir 48 años después |date=29 October 2024 |url=https://theobjective.com/espana/2024-10-29/falange-jons-unir-48-anos-despues/ |work=The Objective}}

Ideology

FE-JONS has been described as the main falangist group active in Spain.{{Cite web |date=2020-10-20 |title=Falange Española: ¿qué es hoy en día, cuánta representación tiene y qué ideas defiende? |url=https://www.larazon.es/espana/20201020/74jyccijuvcfbfc7ek5cxs7q4a.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=La Razón |language=es}} The party's ideology has been variously described as neo-fascist, ultranationalist and xenophobic.{{Cite web |last=Albin |first=Danilo |date=2024-03-01 |title=Radiografía de Falange, el primer partido que la Transición legalizó y que ahora sueña con tumbar la democracia |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/radiografia-falange-primer-partido-transicion-legalizo-ahora-suena-tumbar-democracia.html |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.publico.es |language=es}}

Organization

= Symbols =

Symbols of Falangism:

Yoke and arrows, the symbol of the Catholic Monarchs.
The blue shirt, a symbol of industrial workers.
Cara al Sol, "Facing the sun", its anthem.
A flag with red and black vertical stripes.
The Swan as a symbol of Grand Inquisitor Cisneros (1436–1517) (universitarian branch).

= Leadership =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" |National Chief

!Term

|Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta

|1976 – 1983

|Diego Márquez Horrillo

|1983 – 2011

|Norberto Pico Sanabria

|2011 – present

Electoral performance

= [[Cortes Generales]] =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
rowspan="2" width="75"\| Election ! rowspan="2"\| Leading candidate ! colspan="4"\| Congress ! colspan="2"\| Senate ! rowspan="2"\| Government
width="70"\| Votes ! width="70"\| % ! Seats ! width="35"\| +/– ! Seats ! width="35"\| +/–
1977 \| \|46,548 \|0.25 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|New \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|New \|No seats
1979 \| \| colspan="2" \|Within National Union \|{{Composition bar\|1\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px1 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|Opposition
1982 \| \|2,528 \|0.01 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10x10px1 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
1986 \| \|43,449 \|0.22 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
1989 \| rowspan="3" \|Diego Márquez Horrillo \|24,025 \|0.12 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
1993 \|8,000 \|0.03 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
2004 \|12,266 \|0.05 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
2008 \| \|14,023 \|0.05 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
2011 \| \|2,901 \|0.01 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|{{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \|10px0 \|No seats
2015 \| align="left" \| \| 7,495 \| 0.03 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{n/a\|No seats}}
2016 \| \| 9,862 \| 0.04 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{n/a\|No seats}}
Apr. 2019 \| \| 641 \| 0.00 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{some\|Snap election}}
Nov. 2019 \| \| 608 \| 0.00 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \|No seats
2023 \|Norberto Pico \|4,683 \|0.02 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|350\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \| {{Composition bar\|0\|208\|hex={{party color\|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}} \| 10px0 \|No seats

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"

rowspan="2" width="75"| Election

! rowspan="2"| Leading candidate

! colspan="4"| Congress

! colspan="2"| Senate

! rowspan="2"| Government

width="70"| Votes

! width="70"| %

! Seats

! width="35"| +/–

! Seats

! width="35"| +/–

1977

|46,548

|0.25

|{{Composition bar|0|350|hex={{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}}

|New

|{{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}}

|New

|No seats

1979

| colspan="2" |Within National Union

|{{Composition bar|1|350|hex={{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}}

|10px1

|{{Composition bar|0|208|hex={{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}}}

Falange Española de las JONS (1976)

History

Ideology

Organization

= Symbols =

= Leadership =

Electoral performance

= [[Cortes Generales]] =

= [[European Parliament]] =

See also

Notes

External links