April 2019 Spanish general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = April 2019 Spanish general election
| country = Spain
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2016 Spanish general election
| previous_year = 2016
| next_election = November 2019 Spanish general election
| next_year = 2019 (Nov)
| outgoing_members =
| elected_members = 13th Cortes Generales
| seats_for_election = All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 266) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the April 2019 Spanish general election
| registered = 36,898,883 File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg1.0%
| turnout = 26,478,140 (71.8%)
File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg5.3 pp
| election_date = 28 April 2019
| image1 = 170x170px
| leader1 = Pedro Sánchez
| party1 = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
| leader_since1 = 18 June 2017
| leaders_seat1 = Madrid
| last_election1 = 85 seats, 22.6%
| seats1 = 123
| seat_change1 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg38
| popular_vote1 = 7,513,142
| percentage1 = 28.7%
| swing1 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg6.1 pp
| image2 = 170x170px
| leader2 = Pablo Casado
| party2 = People's Party (Spain)
| leader_since2 = 21 July 2018
| leaders_seat2 = Madrid
| last_election2 = 135 seats, 32.6%{{efn|name="Congress2016Navarre"|Results in the 2016 Congress election, not including Navarre.}}
| seats2 = 66
| seat_change2 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg69
| popular_vote2 = 4,373,653
| percentage2 = 16.7%
| swing2 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg15.9 pp
| image3 = 170x170px
| leader3 = Albert Rivera
| party3 = Citizens (Spanish political party)
| leader_since3 = 9 July 2006
| leaders_seat3 = Madrid
| last_election3 = 32 seats, 13.0%{{efn|name="Congress2016Navarre"}}
| seats3 = 57
| seat_change3 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg25
| popular_vote3 = 4,155,665
| percentage3 = 15.9%
| swing3 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg2.9 pp
| image4 = 170x170px
| leader4 = Pablo Iglesias
| party4 = Unidas Podemos{{efn|Total figures include results for En Comú Podem and En Común.}}
| leader_since4 = 15 November 2014
| leaders_seat4 = Madrid
| last_election4 = 71 seats, 21.2%
| seats4 = 42
| seat_change4 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg29
| popular_vote4 = 3,751,145
| percentage4 = 14.3%
| swing4 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg6.9 pp
| image5 = 170x170px
| leader5 = Santiago Abascal
| party5 = Vox (political party)
| leader_since5 = 20 September 2014
| leaders_seat5 = Madrid
| last_election5 = 0 seats, 0.2%
| seats5 = 24
| seat_change5 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg24
| popular_vote5 = 2,688,092
| percentage5 = 10.3%
| swing5 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg10.1 pp
| image6 = 170x170px
| leader6 = {{nowrap|Oriol Junqueras{{efn|name="Junq&Jordi"|At the time of the election, both Oriol Junqueras and Jordi Sànchez were in preventive detention in Soto del Real (Madrid).}}}}
| party6 = ERC–Sobiranistes
| leader_since6 = 7 March 2019
| leaders_seat6 = Barcelona
| last_election6 = 9 seats, 2.6%
| seats6 = 15
| seat_change6 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg6
| popular_vote6 = 1,024,628
| percentage6 = 3.9%
| swing6 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg1.3 pp
| map = {{Switcher
| File:April 2019 Spanish election - Results.svg
| Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress)
| File:April 2019 Spanish election - AC results.svg
| Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress)
| File:April 2019 Spanish general election map.svg
| Election results by constituency (Congress)
}}
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = Pedro Sánchez
| before_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
| after_election = No government formed
and fresh election called.
| after_party = Pedro Sánchez remains
acting Prime Minister
}}
A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 28 April 2019, to elect the members of the 13th {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 266 seats in the Senate.
Following the 2016 election, the People's Party (PP) formed a minority government with confidence and supply support from Citizens (Cs) and Canarian Coalition (CC), which was enabled by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) abstaining from Mariano Rajoy's investiture after a party crisis resulted in the ousting of Pedro Sánchez as leader. The PP's term of office was undermined by a constitutional crisis over the Catalan issue, the result of a regional election held thereafter, coupled with corruption scandals and protests with thousands of retirees demanding pension increases. In May 2018, the National Court found in the Gürtel case that since 1989 the PP had profited from the kickbacks-for-contracts scheme and confirmed the existence of an illegal accounting and financing structure kept separate from the party's official accounts. Sánchez, who was re-elected as PSOE leader in a leadership contest in 2017, brought down Rajoy's government in June 2018 through a motion of no confidence. Rajoy resigned as PP leader and was subsequently succeeded by Pablo Casado.
Presiding over a minority government of 84 deputies, Pedro Sánchez struggled to maintain a working majority in the Congress with the support of the parties that had backed the no-confidence motion. The 2018 Andalusian regional election which saw a sudden and strong rise of the far-right Vox party resulted in the PSOE losing the regional government for the first time in history to a PP–Cs–Vox alliance. After the 2019 General State Budget was voted down by the Congress of Deputies on 13 February 2019 as a result of Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) siding against the government, Sánchez called a snap election to be held on 28 April, one month ahead of the Super Sunday of local, regional, and European Parliament elections scheduled for 26 May.{{cite news |date=13 February 2019 |title=Los independentistas tumban los Presupuestos y abocan a Sánchez a elecciones |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20190213/congreso-independentistas-tumban-presupuestos-sanchez-elecciones-7301511 |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |language=es |access-date=14 April 2019}}{{cite news |date=15 February 2019 |title=¿Y ahora qué? Campaña electoral en Semana Santa y constitución de las Cortes antes de los comicios de mayo |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190215/sanchez-adelanta-elecciones-generales-28-abril/1884540.shtml |publisher=RTVE |language=es |access-date=15 February 2019}} The Valencian regional election was scheduled for 28 April in order for it to take place on the same date as the general election.{{cite news |date=18 April 2019 |title=¿Por qué se han adelantado las elecciones en la Comunidad Valenciana? |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/abci-adelantado-elecciones-comunidad-valenciana-201904181829_noticia.html |newspaper=ABC |language=es |access-date=29 April 2019}}
On a turnout of 71.8%, the ruling PSOE of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez won a victory—the first for the party in a nationwide election in eleven years—with 28.7% of the vote and 123 seats, an improvement of 38 seats over its previous mark which mostly came at the expense of left-wing Unidas Podemos. In the Senate, the PSOE became the largest party in the chamber for the first time since 1995, winning its first absolute majority of seats in that chamber since the 1989 election.{{cite news |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/elecciones-generales/2019-04-29/sanchez-gana-se-hunde-casado-y-el-gobierno-dependera-de-junqueras-o-rivera_1970690/|title=Sánchez gana, se hunde Casado y Rivera se postula como líder de la oposición |newspaper=El Confidencial |language=es |access-date=30 April 2019}} The PP under Casado received its worst result in history after being reduced to 66 seats and 16.7% of the vote in what was dubbed the worst electoral setback for a major Spanish party since the collapse of the UCD in 1982.{{cite news |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/PP-derrota-historica-millones-Cs_0_893461398.html |title=El PP sufre una derrota histórica, pierde 3,7 millones de votos y Cs se queda cerca del sorpaso |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=30 April 2019}} Cs saw an increase of support which brought them within 0.8% of the vote and within 9 seats of the PP, passing them in several major regions. The far-right Vox party entered Congress for the first time, but it failed to fulfill expectations by scoring 10.3% of the vote and 24 seats, which was less than was indicated in opinion polls during the run-up to the election. The three-way split in the overall right-of-centre vote not only ended any chance of an Andalusian-inspired right-wing alliance, but it also ensured that Sánchez's PSOE would be the only party that could realistically form a government.{{cite news |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/04/28/actualidad/1556466636_096682.html |title=El PSOE gana las elecciones pero necesitará pactar y el PP sufre una debacle histórica |newspaper=El País |language=es |access-date=30 April 2019}}{{cite news |date=29 April 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/29/spain-socialist-psoe-victory-without-majority-podemos-peoples-party-far-right |title=Spain's socialist PSOE party mulls next move after victory without majority |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=4 May 2019}}
Background
The June 2016 general election had resulted in the People's Party (PP) gaining votes and seats relative to its result in the December 2015 election and a round of coalition talks throughout the summer saw Mariano Rajoy obtaining the support of Ciudadanos (C's) and Canarian Coalition (CC) for his investiture, but this was still not enough to assure him re-election. Criticism of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) leader Pedro Sánchez for his electoral results and his stance opposing Rajoy's investiture, said to be a contributing factor to the country's political deadlock, reached boiling point after poor PSOE showings in the Basque and Galician elections.{{cite news |last=Merino |first=Juan Carlos |date=26 September 2016 |title=La debacle electoral deja a Sánchez contra las cuerdas ante sus críticos |url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20160926/41572792040/la-debacle-electoral-deja-a-sanchez-contra-las-cuerdas-ante-sus-criticos.html |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |location=Madrid |access-date=19 June 2017}} A party crisis ensued, seeing Sánchez being ousted and a caretaker committee being appointed by party rebels led by Susana Díaz, who subsequently set out to abstain in Rajoy's investiture and allow a PP minority government to be formed, preventing a third election in a row from taking place.{{cite news |last=Clemente |first=Enrique |date=29 September 2016 |title=El PSOE se sume en su mayor crisis al negarse Sánchez a irse tras dimitir media ejecutiva |url=http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/espana/2016/09/29/psoe-sume-mayor-crisis-negarse-sanchez-irse-tras-dimitir-media-ejecutiva/0003_201609G29P2993.htm |language=es |newspaper=La Voz de Galicia |location=Madrid |access-date=19 June 2017}}{{cite news |date=1 October 2016 |title=Pedro Sánchez: Spanish Socialist leader resigns |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37529610 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 June 2017}}{{cite news |last=Sierra |first=Juan Ruiz |date=1 October 2016 |title=Sánchez dimite, el PSOE implosiona |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politica/pedro-sanchez-dimite-psoe-implosiona-5440265 |language=es |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |access-date=19 June 2017}}{{cite news |date=23 October 2016 |title=Spain's Socialists vote to allow Rajoy minority government |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37744078 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 June 2017}} Díaz's bid to become new party leader was defeated by party members in a party primary in May 2017, with Sánchez being voted again into office under a campaign aimed at criticising the PSOE's abstention in Rajoy's investiture.
File:Mariano Rajoy felicita al nuevo presidente del Gobierno Pedro Sánchez (2018-06-01).jpg (right) congratulating incoming prime minister Pedro Sánchez (left) upon losing the no confidence vote on 1 June 2018.]]
Concurrently, the incumbent PP cabinet found itself embroiled in a string of political scandals which had seen the political demise of former Madrid premier Esperanza Aguirre—amid claims of a massive financial corruption plot staged by former protegés—as well as accusations of judicial meddling and political cover-up.{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=24 April 2017 |title=Former Madrid PP leader resigns over latest corruption scandal |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2017/04/21/inenglish/1492758688_985633.html |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=19 May 2017}}{{cite news |last=Águeda |first=Pedro |date=25 April 2017 |title=Las grabaciones a Ignacio González evidencian las maniobras del PP para quitar y poner jueces y fiscales |url=http://www.eldiario.es/politica/Ignacio-Gonzalez-evidencian-maniobras-PP_0_636937525.html |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=19 May 2017}}{{cite news |date=25 April 2017 |title=El SMS de Rafael Catalá a Ignacio González en 2016: "Ojalá se cierren pronto los líos" |url=http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/04/25/58ff2a07e5fdea34438b4615.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=19 May 2017}}{{cite news |last=Hernández |first=Marisol |date=25 April 2017 |title=El ministro del Interior revela que Ignacio González le telefoneó y le pidió tomarse un café |url=http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2017/04/25/58ff87d0ca47413d3d8b4630.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=19 May 2017}} This prompted left-wing Unidos Podemos to table a no-confidence motion on Mariano Rajoy in June 2017.{{cite news |last=Torres |first=Diego |date=27 April 2017 |title=Podemos divides opposition with Rajoy no-confidence motion |url=http://www.politico.eu/article/spain-corruption-rajoy-pp-podemos-divides-opposition-with-no-confidence-motion/ |publisher=Politico |access-date=19 May 2017}}{{cite news |last=Buck |first=Tobias |date=27 April 2017 |title=Spain's far-left opposition calls no-confidence vote in PM Rajoy |url=https://www.ft.com/content/c7af3dc6-2b3e-11e7-9ec8-168383da43b7 |newspaper=Financial Times |location=Madrid |access-date=20 May 2017}} While the motion was voted down due to a lack of support from other opposition parties, it revealed the parliamentary weakness of Rajoy's government as abstentions and favourable votes combined amounted to 179, to just 170 MPs rejecting it.{{cite news |last=Garea |first=Fernando |date=14 June 2017 |title=Iglesias pierde la moción de censura y solo suma a ERC, Bildu y Compromís |url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2017/06/14/actualidad/1497424691_376661.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=14 June 2017}}{{cite news |last=Riveiro |first=Aitor |date=14 June 2017 |title=Pablo Iglesias emplaza al PSOE a "trabajar una moción de censura en verano" para echar al PP |url=http://www.eldiario.es/politica/Pablo-Iglesias-responde-Abalos_0_654434811.html |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=14 June 2017}}
Pressure on the Spanish government increased after a major constitutional crisis over the issue of an independence referendum unravelled in Catalonia. Initial actions from the Parliament of Catalonia to approve two bills supporting a referendum and a legal framework for an independent Catalan state were suspended by the Constitutional Court of Spain. The government's crackdown on referendum preparations—which included police searches, raids and arrests of Catalan government officials as well as an intervention into Catalan finances—sparked public outcry and protests accusing the PP government of "anti-democratic and totalitarian" repression.{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jon |date=20 September 2017 |title=Catalonia referendum: Catalonian government 'de facto' suspended by Spain, President of region says |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalonia-referendum-government-suspended-de-facto-independence-spain-madrid-government-raid-a7957046.html |newspaper=The Independent |access-date=20 September 2017}}{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Sam |last2=Burgen |first2=Stephen |date=20 September 2017 |title=Catalan president says Madrid is suspending region's autonomy |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/20/spain-guardia-civil-raid-catalan-government-hq-referendum-row |newspaper=The Guardian |location=Madrid, Barcelona |access-date=20 September 2017}}{{cite news |date=20 September 2017 |title=Catalonia referendum: Spain steps up raids to halt vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41331152 |work=BBC News |access-date=20 September 2017}} The Catalan parliament voted to unilaterally declare independence from Spain,{{cite news |title=Un Parlament semivacío consuma en voto secreto la rebelión contra el Estado |url=http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2017/10/27/59f2feafe2704e491b8b48e2.html |access-date=27 October 2017 |newspaper=El Mundo |date=27 October 2017 |language=es}} which resulted in the Spanish Senate enforcing Article 155 of the Constitution to remove the regional authorities and impose direct rule.{{cite news |date=26 October 2017 |title=Catalan crisis: Regional MPs debate Spain takeover bid |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41760832 |work=BBC News |access-date=27 October 2017}}{{cite news |date=27 October 2017 |title=Catalan crisis: Spain PM Rajoy demands direct rule |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41771294 |work=BBC News |access-date=27 October 2017}}{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41871476 |title=Catalonia's longest week |date=4 November 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=7 November 2017 |language=en-GB}} Carles Puigdemont and part of his cabinet fled to Belgium after being ousted, facing charges of sedition, rebellion and embezzlement.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41811649|title=Sacked Catalan leader 'in Belgium' |date=30 October 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=31 October 2017 |language=en-GB}}{{cite news |last=Guindal |first=Carlota |date=30 October 2017 |title=La Fiscalía se querella contra Puigdemont y el Govern por rebelión y sedición |url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20171030/432485190372/fiscal-maza-querella-puigdemont-junqueras.html |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |access-date=30 October 2017}}{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/30/spanish-prosecutor-calls-for-rebellion-charges-against-catalan-leaders |title=Spanish prosecutor calls for rebellion charges against Catalan leaders |date=30 October 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=Barcelona |access-date=30 October 2017}} Rajoy immediately dissolved the Catalan parliament and called a regional election for 21 December 2017,{{cite news |date=27 October 2017 |title=Catalonia independence: Rajoy dissolves Catalan parliament |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-41783289 |work=BBC News |location=Barcelona, Madrid |access-date=27 October 2017}} but it left his PP severely mauled as Cs capitalised on anti-independence support in the region.{{cite news |url=http://catalanmonitor.com/2017/12/22/total-collapse-of-the-pp-in-catalonia-leaves-rajoy-exposed/ |title=Total collapse of the PP in Catalonia leaves Rajoy exposed |first=Isaac|last=Meler |date=22 December 2017 |newspaper=Catalan News Monitor |access-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116084733/http://catalanmonitor.com/2017/12/22/total-collapse-of-the-pp-in-catalonia-leaves-rajoy-exposed/ |archive-date=16 November 2018 }}
File:Pedro Sánchez convoca elecciones 2019 02.jpg announcing a snap election for 28 April 2019.]]
The scale of PP's collapse in Catalonia and the success of Cs had an impact on national politics, with Ciudadanos rising to first place nationally in subsequent opinion polls, endangering PP's stand as the hegemonic party within the Spanish centre-right spectrum.{{cite news |last=Buil Demur |first=Ana |date=22 December 2017 |url=http://es.euronews.com/2017/12/22/el-21-d-marca-el-comienzo-del-fin-de-la-hegemonia-del-pp-en-espana- |title=El 21-D marca "el comienzo del fin de la hegemonía del PP en España" |language=es |publisher=euronews |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cite news |last=Romero |first=Juanma |date=26 December 2017 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2017-12-26/elecciones-cataluna-exigen-rajoy-cambios-gobierno-direccion-pp_1498094/ |title=El PP exige a Rajoy cambios gruesos en el Gobierno y en el partido del PP por el 21-D |language=es |newspaper=El Confidencial |access-date=29 December 2017}}{{cite news |last=de Miguel |first=Rafa |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2018/01/15/inenglish/1516006033_600229.html |title=Ciudadanos would now be Spain's most voted party, new survey shows |date=17 January 2018 |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=18 March 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thespainreport.com/articles/1410-180305104427-new-poll-places-ciudadanos-first-pp-third |title=New Poll Places Ciudadanos First, PP Third |date=5 March 2018 |publisher=The Spain Report |access-date=18 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319213611/https://www.thespainreport.com/articles/1410-180305104427-new-poll-places-ciudadanos-first-pp-third |archive-date=19 March 2018 }} Massive protests by pensioners groups, long regarded as a key component of the PP's electoral base, demanding pension increases,{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/e6ea632f036f4bbb8a306b5e9c8e2380 |title=Retirees protest across Spain to demand a pension hike |date=17 March 2018 |publisher=Associated Press}} further undermining the PP's standing.
On 24 May 2018, the National Court found that the PP profited from the illegal kickbacks-for-contracts scheme of the Gürtel case, confirming the existence of an illegal accounting and financing structure that had run in parallel with the party's official one since 1989 and ruling that the PP helped establish "a genuine and effective system of institutional corruption through the manipulation of central, autonomous and local public procurement".{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=24 May 2018 |title=Court finds Spain's ruling party benefited from bribery scheme |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/24/court-finds-spain-ruling-party-pp-benefited-bribery-luis-barcenas |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=25 May 2018}} This event prompted the PSOE to submit a motion of no confidence in Rajoy and in Cs withdrawing its support from the government and demanding the immediate calling of an early election.{{cite news |last=Cortizo |first=Gonzalo |date=25 May 2018 |title=El PSOE registra en el Congreso la moción de censura contra Rajoy |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/PSOE-registra-Congreso-censura-Rajoy_0_775172615.html |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=25 May 2018}}{{cite news |date=27 May 2018 |title=Rajoy, sin margen para seguir |url=https://politica.elpais.com/politica/2018/05/26/actualidad/1527352657_459564.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 May 2018}} An absolute majority of 180 MPs in the Congress of Deputies voted to oust Mariano Rajoy from power on 1 June 2018, replaced him as prime minister with PSOE's Pedro Sánchez.{{cite news |last=Jones |first=Sam |date=1 June 2018 |title=Mariano Rajoy ousted as Spain's prime minister |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/01/mariano-rajoy-ousted-as-spain-prime-minister |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=1 June 2018}} On 5 June, Rajoy announced his farewell from politics and his return to his position as property registrar in Santa Pola,{{cite news |date=5 June 2018|url=http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2018/06/05/5b16558ce2704ec8278b45de.html |title=Rajoy se va: "Es lo mejor para mí, para el PP y para España" |newspaper=El Mundo |language=es |access-date=5 June 2018}}{{cite news |date=5 June 2018 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2018-06-05/rajoy-comite-ejecutivo-partido-popular-congreso-sanchez_1574137/ |title=Rajoy dimite como presidente del PP: "Es lo mejor para mí, para el partido y para España" |newspaper=El Confidencial|language=es|access-date=5 June 2018}}{{cite news |title=La nueva vida del ciudadano Rajoy |url=https://elpais.com/ccaa/2018/06/20/valencia/1529479306_112496.html |date=20 June 2018 |newspaper=El País |language=es |location=Madrid |access-date=20 June 2018}} vacating his seat in the Congress of Deputies and triggering a leadership contest in which the party's communication vice secretary-general Pablo Casado defeated former deputy prime minister Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría and became new PP president on 21 July 2018.{{cite news |title=Rajoy renuncia a su acta de diputado |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20180615/rajoy-renuncia-acta-diputado-6879795 |date=15 June 2018 |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |language=es |location=Barcelona |access-date=15 June 2018}}{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2018/07/21/actualidad/1532157539_615979.html |title=Pablo Casado vence en el congreso del PP y consuma el giro a la derecha |date=21 July 2018 |newspaper=El País |language=es |access-date=22 July 2018}}
For most of his government, Sánchez was reliant on confidence and supply support from Unidos Podemos and New Canaries (NCa), negotiating additional support from Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) and Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) on an issue-by-issue basis. ERC, PDeCAT and En Marea withdrew their support from the government in February 2019 by voting down the 2019 General State Budget, with the government losing the vote 191–158; this prompted a snap election to be called for 28 April.{{cite news |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Congreso-tumba-Presupuestos-Pedro-Sanchez_0_867563411.html|title=El Congreso tumba los Presupuestos y Sánchez comunicará su decisión sobre las elecciones el viernes |date=13 February 2019 |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=13 March 2015}}
Overview
=Electoral system=
The Spanish {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 66}}.{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=66&tipo=2 |title=Sinopsis artículo 66 |language=es |publisher=Congress of Deputies |access-date=12 September 2020 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 66}}. Voting for the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. I, art. 2}}.{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1077}} Additionally, Spaniards abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote ({{langx|es|Voto rogado}}).{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 75}}.{{cite web |last=Reig Pellicer |first=Naiara |date=16 December 2015 |url=http://www.cafebabel.co.uk/politics/article/spanish-elections-begging-for-the-right-to-vote.html |title=Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote |website=cafebabel.co.uk |access-date=17 July 2017}}
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 68}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164}}. The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017}}
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:{{cite journal |journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado |issue=55 |date=5 March 2019 |pages=21025–21028 |issn=0212-033X |title=Real Decreto 129/2019, de 4 de marzo, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2019/03/05/pdfs/BOE-A-2019-3109.pdf |language=es}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |
| width="50"| Seats
! width="600"| Constituencies |
|---|
| align="center"| 37
| Madrid{{font color|green|(+1)}} |
| align="center"| 32
| Barcelona{{font color|green|(+1)}} |
| align="center"| 15
| Valencia{{font color|red|(–1)}} |
| align="center"| 12 |
| align="center"| 11
| Málaga |
| align="center"| 10
| Murcia |
| align="center"| 9
| Cádiz |
| align="center"| 8 |
| align="center"| 7
| Asturias{{font color|red|(–1)}}, Granada, Pontevedra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
| align="center"| 6
| Almería, Badajoz, Córdoba, Gipuzkoa, Girona, Tarragona, Toledo |
| align="center"| 5
| Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, Jaén, Navarre, Valladolid |
| align="center"| 4
| Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres, La Rioja, León, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca |
| align="center"| 3
| Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Teruel, Zamora |
| align="center"| 2
| Soria |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 69}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166}}.
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislature's term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when needed, by the designated substitutes, of which the list could include up to ten.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 46 & 48}}.
=Election date=
The term of each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. V, art. 42}}. The previous election was held on 26 June 2016, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 26 June 2020. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 2 June 2020, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} on Sunday, 26 July 2020.
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. IV, art. 115–116}}. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. IV, art. 99}}. Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of {{Currentyear}}, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
After the 2019 General State Budget was voted down by the Congress of Deputies on 13 February 2019, it was announced that Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez would be calling a snap election for April.{{cite news |date=13 February 2019 |title=Pedro Sánchez anunciará este viernes que las elecciones generales serán el 28 de abril |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Pedro-Sanchez-anunciara-viernes-elecciones_0_867564260.html |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=13 February 2019}}{{cite news |date=14 February 2019 |title=La ministra de Hacienda da por "seguro" el anuncio de elecciones este viernes |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/02/14/actualidad/1550140372_756809.html |newspaper=El País |language=es |access-date=14 February 2019}}{{cite news |date=14 February 2019 |title=Sánchez anunciará la fecha de las elecciones en una declaración institucional este viernes a las 10.00 horas |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/adelanto-electoral-sanchez-anunciara-fecha-elecciones-declaracion-institucional-vierness-1000-horas.html |newspaper=Público |language=es |access-date=14 February 2019}} Sánchez confirmed the election date in an institutional statement following a Council of Ministers meeting on 15 February.{{cite news |date=15 February 2019 |title=Pedro Sánchez convoca elecciones generales el 28 de abril |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/02/15/actualidad/1550216540_890788.html |newspaper=El País |language=es |access-date=15 February 2019}}
The {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were officially dissolved on 5 March 2019 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 28 April and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 21 May.
Parliamentary composition
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/grups.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=29 October 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html |title=Composición del Senado 1977-{{year}} |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=29 October 2022}}
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|+ Parliamentary composition in March 2019{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/grupos/composicion-en-la-legislatura |title=Grupos parlamentarios |language=es |website=Congress of Deputies |access-date=7 December 2020}} |
| colspan="6"| Congress of Deputies |
|---|
| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Deputies |
| Seats
! Total |
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | PP | 134 | 134 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Socialist Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 77 | rowspan="2"| 84 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"|
| PSC | 7 |
| rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"|
| rowspan="5"| United We Can–In Common We Can–In Tide's | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}"| | Podemos | 46 | rowspan="5"| 67 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalunya en Comú}}"|
| CatComú | 9 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| IU | 7 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Equo}}"|
| Equo | 3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood}}"|
| Anova | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"|
| Citizens Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"| | Cs | 32 | 32 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes}}"|
| Republican Left's Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | ERC | 9 | 9 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| Basque Parliamentary Group (EAJ/PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | EAJ/PNV | 5 | 5 |
| rowspan="7" bgcolor="gray"|
| rowspan="7"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan European Democratic Party}}"| | PDeCAT | 8 | rowspan="7"| 19 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| 4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|EH Bildu}}"|
| EH Bildu | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"|
| UPN | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| CCa | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturias Forum}}"|
| FAC | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| NCa | 1 |
{{col-break|gap=1em}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|+ Parliamentary composition in March 2019{{cite web |url=https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/gruposparlamentarios/gruposparlamentariosdesde1977/index.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios desde 1977 |language=es |website=Senate of Spain |access-date=8 July 2020}} |
| colspan="6"| Senate |
|---|
| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Senators |
| Seats
! Total |
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | PP | 145 | rowspan="2"| 147 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"|
| PAR | 2 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Socialist Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 59 | rowspan="2"| 60 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"|
| PSC | 1 |
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"|
| rowspan="3"| United We Can–In Common We Can–In Tide | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Podemos (Spanish political party)}}"| | Podemos | 15 | rowspan="3"| 20 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalunya en Comú}}"|
| CatComú | 3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| IU | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes}}"|
| Republican Left's Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"| | ERC | 12 | 12 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| Basque Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | EAJ/PNV | 6 | 6 |
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="#809D56"|
| rowspan="3"| Nationalist Parliamentary Group, Democratic | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan European Democratic Party}}"| | PDeCAT | 4 | rowspan="3"| 6 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| CCa | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}"|
| AHI | 1 |
| rowspan="9" bgcolor="gray"|
| rowspan="9"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"| | Cs | 6 | rowspan="9"| 15 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"|
| UPN | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturias Forum}}"|
| FAC | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| NCa | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|EH Bildu}}"|
| EH Bildu | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}"|
| ASG | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"|
| Vox | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
| INDEP | 1{{efn|Elvira García, former Podemos legislator.{{cite news |date=3 March 2017 |title=La senadora que no pagaba su alquiler social abandona Podemos y pasará al Grupo Mixto del Senado |url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2017/03/03/ser_vitoria/1488519603_754519.html |language=es |newspaper=Cadena SER |access-date=31 January 2020}}}} |
{{col-end}}
Parties and candidates
=Eligibility=
Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court's decision nor convicted by a judgement, even if not yet final, which imposed a penalty of forfeiture of eligibility or of specific disqualification or suspension from public office under specific offences: rebellion, terrorism or other crimes against the state. Other general causes of ineligibility were imposed on members of the Spanish royal family; the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Prime Minister's Office, government delegations, the Social Security and other government agencies; heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations; judges and public prosecutors in active service; Armed Forces and police corps personnel in active service; members of electoral commissions; the chair of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of the Nuclear Safety Council; as well as a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned government bodies and institutions being barred from running, during their tenure of office, in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 70}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. II, art. 6}}. Disqualification provisions for the Cortes Generales extended to any employee of a foreign state and to members of regional governments, as well as the impossibility of running simultaneously as candidate for both the Congress and Senate.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. I, art. 154}}.
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties, federations or coalitions that had not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election were required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169}}. After the experience of the 2015–2016 political deadlock leading to the June 2016 election and the possibility of a third election being needed, the electoral law was amended in order to introduce a special, simplified process for election re-runs, including a shortening of deadlines, electoral campaigning, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and coalitions without needing to go through pre-election procedures again.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=add. prov. 7}}. Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the lists of candidates, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 bis}}.
=Main candidacies=
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.35em; text-align:left;" |
| colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Candidacy
! rowspan="3"| Parties and ! colspan="2" rowspan="3"| Leading candidate ! rowspan="3"| Ideology ! colspan="4"| Previous result ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Gov.|Government}} ! rowspan="3"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |
|---|
| colspan="2"| Congress
! colspan="2"| Senate |
| Vote %
! Seats ! Vote % ! Seats |
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="center"| PP | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | People's Party (PP) | Forum of Citizens (FAC) }} | 50px | Conservatism | align="center"| | {{big|135}} | align="center"| | {{big|127}} | {{na}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="center"| PSOE | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) }} | 50px | align="center"| 22.6% | {{big|85}} | align="center"| 23.6% | {{big|43}} | {{ya}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"|
| align="center"| Unidas | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | We Can (Podemos) | United Left (IU) | Equo (Equo) | Assembly (Batzarre) | Upper Aragon in Common (AltoAragón en Común) ---- | In Common We Can−Let's Win Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) | In Common–United We Can (En Común) }} | 50px | Left-wing populism | align="center"| 21.2% | {{big|71}} | align="center"| | {{big|15}} | {{na}} | {{cite news |date=27 February 2019 |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2019/02/27/actualidad/1551264090_963089.html |title=Podemos e IU revalidan su acuerdo para las generales y europeas |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=13 March 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"|
| align="center"| Cs | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) }} | 50px | align="center"| | {{big|32}} | align="center"| | {{big|0}} | {{na}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}"|
| align="center"| ERC– | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | Sovereigntists (Sobiranistes) | Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) }} | 50px | Oriol Junqueras{{efn|name="Junq&Jordi"}} | Catalan independence | align="center"| 2.7% | {{big|9}} | align="center"| 3.0% | {{big|10}} | {{na}} | {{cite news |date=7 March 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/catalunya/politica/ERC-cambia-presentara-Junqueras-Congreso_0_875263307.html |title=Golpe de efecto de ERC: presentará a Junqueras como cabeza de lista al Congreso |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=7 March 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}"|
| align="center"| JxCat–Junts | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Catalan European Democratic Party (PDeCAT) | Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC){{efn|CDC was registered as an independent member within the alliance in order to allow its successor party, the PDeCAT, to be guaranteed CDC's public funding and electoral rights for the campaign.{{cite news |date=16 March 2019 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20190316/461042896622/govern-generalitat-remodelacion-cambios-pdecat.html |title=El Govern se plantea una remodelación amplia |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |access-date=16 March 2019}}}} | Together for Catalonia (JxCat) }} | 50px | Jordi Sànchez{{efn|name="Junq&Jordi"}} | Catalan independence | align="center"| | {{big|8}} | align="center"| | {{big|2}} | {{na}} | {{cite news |date=9 March 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2019/03/09/5c840cd221efa0850b8b4611.html |title=La Crida avala que Jordi Sànchez se presente con Junts Per Catalunya en las elecciones generales |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=10 March 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="center"| EAJ/PNV | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) }} | 50px | Basque nationalism | align="center"| 1.2% | {{big|5}} | align="center"| 1.4% | {{big|5}} | {{na}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|EH Bildu}}"|
| align="center"| EH Bildu | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) }} | 50px | Basque independence | align="center"| 0.8% | {{big|2}} | align="center"| | {{big|0}} | {{na}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarra Suma}}"|
| align="center"| NA+ | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | People's Party (PP) | Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) }} | 50px | Regionalism | align="center"| | {{big|2}} | align="center"| | {{big|3}} | {{na}} | {{cite news |date=10 March 2019 |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/navarra/abci-navarra-ensaya-gran-pacto-electoral-pp-y-ciudadanos-concurriran-juntos-generales-201903101338_noticia.html |title=Navarra ensaya el gran pacto electoral: UPN, PP y Ciudadanos concurrirán juntos a las generales |language=es |newspaper=ABC |access-date=10 March 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}"|
| align="center"| CCa–PNC | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Canarian Coalition (CCa) | Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) | Independent Herrenian Group (AHI) }} | 50px | Regionalism | align="center"| 0.3% | {{big|1}} | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|1}} | {{na}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"|
| align="center"| Vox | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Vox (Vox) }} | 50px | Right-wing populism | align="center"| 0.2% | {{big|0}} | align="center"| 0.3% | {{big|0}} | {{na}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cambio-Aldaketa}}"|
| align="center"| Cambio/ | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | We Can (Podemos) | Left (I–E (n)) | Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | Yes to the Future (GBai) }} | 50px | Ricardo Feliú | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | align="center"| | {{big|1}} | {{na}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}"|
| align="center"| ASG | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) }} | 50px | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | align="center"| 0.0% | {{big|1}} | {{na}} | |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| align="center"| Compromís | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Valencian Nationalist Bloc (Bloc) | Valencian People's Initiative (IdPV) | Greens Equo of the Valencian Country (VerdsEquo) }} | 50px | Valencian nationalism | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="Compromís"|Compromís (4 deputies and 1 senator) contested the 2016 election within the A la valenciana alliance.}} | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="Compromís"}} | {{na}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| align="center"| NCa | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | New Canaries (NCa) }} | 50px | Pedro Quevedo | Canarian nationalism | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="NC"|NCa (1 deputy and 1 senator) contested the 2016 election in alliance with the PSOE.}} | colspan="2" {{n/a}}{{efn|name="NC"}} | {{na}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}"|
| align="center"| PRC | {{Collapsible list | title = List | bullets = on | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) }} | 50px | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | colspan="2" {{n/a}} | {{na}} | |
Two opposing coalitions were formed in Navarre at different levels: for the Senate, Geroa Bai, EH Bildu, Podemos and Izquierda-Ezkerra re-created the Cambio/Aldaketa alliance under which they had already contested the 2015 Spanish general election. Concurrently, UPN, Cs and PP formed the Navarra Suma alliance for both Congress and Senate elections.{{cite news |date=11 March 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/03/11/5c857f1b21efa0fb3e8b4652.html |title=Ciudadanos renuncia a sus siglas en Navarra y se presenta con UPN y el PP |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=11 March 2019}} In Galicia, En Marea, the former Podemos–EU–Anova alliance which had been constituted as a party in 2016, broke away from the creator parties and announced that it would contest the election on its own.{{cite news |date=13 February 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/galicia/votacion-Presupuestos-evidencia-fractura-Marea_0_867563646.html |title=La votación de los Presupuestos evidencia la fractura de En Marea |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=18 February 2019}}{{cite news |date=16 February 2019 |url=http://www.expansion.com/economia/politica/elecciones-generales/2019/02/16/5c6836b9468aeb65798b45ec.html |title=En Marea se presentará a las elecciones generales del 28-A fuera de Unidos Podemos |language=es |newspaper=Expansión |access-date=18 February 2019}} Podemos, EU and Equo in Galicia formed a regional branch for the Unidas Podemos alliance branded En Común–Unidas Podemos{{cite news |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/galicia/20190315/461041753722/28a--en-comun-unidas-podemos-marca-electoral-de-la-coalicion-para-las-generales-de-podemos-eu-y-equo.html |title=En Común-Unidas Podemos, marca electoral de la coalición para las generales de Podemos, EU y Equo |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |access-date=15 March 2019}} whereas Anova chose to step out from the election race.{{cite news |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/galicia/Anova-presentara-negociaciones-Podemos-IU_0_878062535.html |title=Anova no se presentará a las generales tras fracasar las negociaciones con Podemos e IU |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=15 March 2019}} In the Balearic Islands, an alliance was formed for the Congress election by More for Majorca (Més), More for Menorca (MpM), Now Eivissa (Ara Eivissa) and Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), named Veus Progressistes;{{cite news |date=13 March 2019 |title=Esquerra Republicana de Mallorca, MÉS y Ara Eivissa se unen en 'Veus progressistes' para concurrir a las generales |url=https://www.europapress.es/illes-balears/noticia-28a-esquerra-republicana-mallorca-mes-ara-eivissa-unen-veus-progressistes-concurrir-generales-20190313124914.html |language=es |publisher=Europa Press |access-date=13 March 2019}} for the Senate election, the alliance was styled as Unidas Podemos Veus Progressistes and included Podemos and IU.{{cite news |date=14 March 2019 |title='Unidas Podemos Veus Progressistes', la marca de la formación morada que se presenta al Senado |url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/03/14/radio_mallorca/1552567482_399274.html |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |access-date=17 March 2019}}
Timetable
The key dates are listed below (all times are CET. The Canary Islands used WET (UTC+0) instead):{{cite web |url=http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/GENERALES_2019_Calendario.pdf |title=Elecciones Generales 28 de abril de 2019. Calendario Electoral |language=es |website=Central Electoral Commission |access-date=15 March 2019}}
- 4 March: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the Prime Minister after deliberation in the Council of Ministers, ratified by the King.
- 5 March: Formal dissolution of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} and beginning of a suspension period of events for the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
- 8 March: Initial constitution of provincial and zone electoral commissions.
- 15 March: Deadline for parties and federations intending to enter into a coalition to inform the relevant electoral commission.
- 25 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates to the relevant electoral commission.
- 27 March: Submitted lists of candidates are provisionally published in the Official State Gazette (BOE).
- 30 March: Deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad (CERA) and for citizens temporarily absent from Spain to apply for voting {{smaller|(extended to 1 April by the Central Electoral Commission)}}.
- 31 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to rectify irregularities in their lists.
- 1 April: Official proclamation of valid submitted lists of candidates.
- 2 April: Proclaimed lists are published in the BOE.
- 12 April: Official start of electoral campaigning.
- 18 April: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
- 23 April: Official start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication, dissemination or reproduction and deadline for CERA citizens to vote by mail.
- 24 April: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voters to issue their votes {{smaller|(extended to 25 April by the Central Electoral Commission)}}.
- 26 April: Last day of official electoral campaigning and deadline for CERA citizens to vote in a ballot box in the relevant consular office or division {{smaller|(extended to 28 April by the Central Electoral Commission)}}.
- 27 April: Official 24-hour ban on political campaigning prior to the general election (reflection day).
- 28 April: Polling day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote). Provisional counting of votes starts immediately.
- 1 May: General counting of votes, including the counting of CERA votes.
- 4 May: Deadline for the general counting of votes to be carried out by the relevant electoral commission.
- 13 May: Deadline for elected members to be proclaimed by the relevant electoral commission.
- 23 May: Deadline for both chambers of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} to be re-assembled (the election decree determines this date, which for the April 2019 election was set for 21 May).
- 22 June: Final deadline for definitive results to be published in the BOE.
Campaign
=Party slogans=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"| Party or alliance
! Original slogan ! English translation ! {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |
|---|
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| PP | « Valor seguro » | "Safe asset" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| PSOE | « La España que quieres »{{efn|This slogan had been initially conceived for the pre-campaign period, but was later used as a secondary slogan throughout the official electoral campaign.}} | "The Spain you want" | {{cite news |date=2 April 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/elecciones-generales/2019-04-02/presentacion-campana-28a-pedro-sanchez-haz-que-pase_1917754/ |title='Haz que pase', el lema del PSOE para llamar a una "extraordinaria movilización" el 28-A |language=es |newspaper=El Confidencial |access-date=2 April 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"|
| {{underline|Main}}: « La historia la escribes tú » | {{underline|Main}}: "You write history" | {{cite news |date=23 March 2019 |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-podemos-lanza-generales-advirtiendo-poderosos-acabaron-privilegios-20190323223927.html |title=Podemos se lanza a por las generales advirtiendo a los poderosos "que se acabaron sus privilegios" |language=es |publisher=Europa Press |access-date=2 April 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"|
| Cs | « ¡Vamos Ciudadanos! » | "Let's go Citizens!" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}"|
| « Va de llibertat » | "It's about freedom" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}"|
| « Tu ets la nostra força. Tu ets la nostra veu » | "You are our strength. You are our voice" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| EAJ/PNV | « Nos mueve Euskadi. Zurea, gurea » | "The Basque Country moves us. What's yours is ours" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Euskal Herria Bildu}}"|
| EH Bildu | « Erabaki. Para avanzar » | "Decide. To make progress" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}"|
| CCa–PNC | « Luchamos por Canarias » | "We fight for Canaries" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"|
| Vox | « Por España » | "For Spain" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| « Imparables » | "Unstoppable" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| NCa | « Para defender Canarias. Canarias con futuro » | "To defend the Canaries. Canaries with future" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarra Suma}}"|
| NA+ | « Navarra suma contigo » | "Navarre sums with you" |
=Election debates=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ April 2019 Spanish general election debates |
| rowspan="3"| Date
! rowspan="3"| Organisers ! rowspan="3"| Moderator(s) ! colspan="10"| {{smaller| }} {{Colors|black|#90FF90| P }} {{smaller|Present{{efn|Denotes a main invitee attending the event.}} }} {{Colors|black|#D0F0C0| S }} {{smaller|Surrogate{{efn|Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.}} }} {{Colors|black|#A2B2C2| NI }} {{smaller|Not invited }} {{Colors|black|#FF9090| A }} {{smaller|Absent invitee }} |
|---|
| scope="col" style="width:5em;"| PP
! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| PSOE ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| UP ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Cs ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| ERC ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| JxCat ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| PNV ! scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Vox ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:5em;"| Audience ! rowspan="2"| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}};"|
! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidos Podemos}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}};"| ! style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}};"| |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 17 March
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| laSexta | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Ana Pastor | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | 4.5% | {{cite news |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/el-objetivo/debate-economico-objetivo-psoe-unidos-podemos-ciudadanos_201903155c8bc2d00cf26770b23ff854.html |title=Debate económico en El Objetivo con PP, PSOE, Unidos Podemos y Ciudadanos |language=es |publisher=laSexta |access-date=12 April 2019}} |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 8 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| El Confidencial{{efn|name="Women"|"Women's debate".}} | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Isabel Morillo | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | {{Yes|P | — |
| rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 10 April
| rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Cuatro | rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Risto Mejide | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | {{No|A}} | 6.2% | rowspan="2"| {{cite news |date=9 April 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/television/programas-tv/2019-04-09/debate-de-verdad-todo-es-mentira-risto-mejide-cuatro_1932914/ |title=El 'Debate de verdad' de Risto Mejide se prolongará hasta media tarde |language=es |newspaper=El Confidencial |access-date=12 April 2019}} |
| style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S {{smaller|Maroto}} | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | {{Yes|P | {{No|A}} | 7.2% |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 13 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| laSexta | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Iñaki López | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | {{No|A}} | 9.4% | {{cite news |date=9 April 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/sexta-noche/maria-jesus-montero-cayetana-alvarez-de-toledo-irene-montero-e-ines-arrimadas-inauguran-la-campana-electoral-en-lasexta-noche-video_201904095cacd7e40cf24cb35d2db0c9.html |title=María Jesús Montero, Edurne Uriarte, Irene Montero e Inés Arrimadas inauguran la campaña electoral en laSexta Noche |language=es |publisher=laSexta |access-date=13 April 2019}} |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 16 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| RTVE | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Xabier Fortes | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | 11.8% | {{cite news |date=14 April 2019 |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190414/debate-seis-rtve-enfrentara-martes-alvarez-toledo-maria-jesus-montero-irene-montero-arrimadas-rufian-aitor-esteban/1923601.shtml |title=El debate a seis en RTVE enfrentará el martes a Álvarez de Toledo, María Jesús Montero, Irene Montero, Arrimadas, Rufián y Aitor Esteban |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=15 April 2019}} |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 20 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| laSexta | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Iñaki López | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | style="background:#D0F0C0;"| S | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | 9.3% | {{cite news |date=19 April 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/sexta-noche/debate-a-siete-este-sabado-en-lasexta-noche-sicilia-egea-canto-garzon-rufian-nogueras-y-esteban-video_201904195cb9d4860cf2f8f105e79903.html |title=Debate a siete, este sábado en laSexta Noche: Sicilia, Egea, Cantó, Garzón, Rufián, Borràs y Esteban |language=es |publisher=laSexta |access-date=20 April 2019}} |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 22 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| RTVE | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Xabier Fortes | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | 43.8% | {{cite news |date=19 April 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Pedro-Sanchez-debates-TVE-Atresmedia_0_890311005.html |title=Pedro Sánchez rectifica y ofrece ahora dos debates: uno el día 22 en TVE y otro el 23 en Atresmedia |language=es |newspaper=eldiario.es |access-date=19 April 2019}} |
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| 23 April
| style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Atresmedia | style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;"| Ana Pastor | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | {{Yes|P | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI | style="background:#A2B2C2;"| NI{{efn|Vox's candidate Santiago Abascal had been initially invited, but was excluded after the Central Electoral Commission threatened to suspend the debate on its proposed format, claiming that Vox's presence would breach the proportionality principle under law.{{cite news |date=16 April 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/elecciones-generales/2019-04-16/junta-electoral-debate-atresmedia-vox_1947590/ |title=La Junta Electoral paraliza el debate a cinco de Atresmedia por incluir a Vox |language=es |newspaper=El Confidencial |access-date=16 April 2019}}}} | 48.8% | {{cite news |date=16 April 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-generales/atresmedia-readapta-debate-23a-cuatro_201904165cb6143f0cf2bb473d5a95f6.html |title=Atresmedia readapta su debate del 23A a cuatro |language=es |publisher=laSexta |access-date=16 April 2019}} |
;Opinion polls
Opinion polls
{{Main|Opinion polling for the April 2019 Spanish general election}}
{{Opinion polling for the April 2019 Spanish general election (Graphical summary)}}
Voter turnout
The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |
| rowspan="3"| Region
! colspan="9"| Time |
|---|
| colspan="3"| 14:00
! colspan="3"| 18:00 ! colspan="3"| 20:00 |
| 2016
! 2019 ! +/– ! 2016 ! 2019 ! +/– ! 2016 ! 2019 ! +/– |
| align="left"| Andalusia
| 37.60% | 38.94% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +1.34 | 50.25% | 57.25% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.00 | 68.16% | 73.31% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.15 |
| align="left"| Aragon
| 37.88% | 44.65% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +6.77 | 50.86% | 62.32% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.46 | 71.89% | 77.62% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.73 |
| align="left"| Asturias
| 34.70% | 40.15% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.45 | 50.84% | 58.67% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.83 | 68.19% | 73.35% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.16 |
| align="left"| Balearic Islands
| 34.48% | 38.10% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.62 | 47.05% | 54.42% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.37 | 62.58% | 67.58% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.00 |
| align="left"| Basque Country
| 36.05% | 41.75% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.70 | 51.36% | 60.05% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +8.69 | 67.44% | 74.52% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.08 |
| align="left"| Canary Islands
| 28.38% | 30.72% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +2.34 | 44.86% | 51.00% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +6.14 | 64.37% | 68.14% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.77 |
| align="left"| Cantabria
| 39.22% | 43.12% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.90 | 56.19% | 63.65% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.46 | 73.37% | 78.09% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.72 |
| align="left"| Castile and León
| 37.18% | 41.80% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.62 | 53.33% | 62.00% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +8.67 | 73.34% | 78.24% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.90 |
| align="left"| Castilla–La Mancha
| 38.92% | 42.71% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.79 | 52.44% | 62.35% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +9.91 | 72.94% | 78.02% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.08 |
| align="left"| Catalonia
| 32.31% | 43.52% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.21 | 46.38% | 64.20% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +17.82 | 65.60% | 77.58% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.98 |
| align="left"| Extremadura
| 39.48% | 42.87% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.39 | 51.40% | 60.22% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +8.82 | 70.45% | 76.31% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.86 |
| align="left"| Galicia
| 34.07% | 36.97% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +2.90 | 51.68% | 58.93% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +7.25 | 69.63% | 73.97% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.34 |
| align="left"| La Rioja
| 40.94% | 44.76% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.82 | 55.61% | 61.62% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +6.01 | 74.71% | 78.11% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.40 |
| align="left"| Madrid
| 39.01% | 43.61% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.60 | 54.48% | 65.11% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +10.63 | 74.26% | 79.75% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.49 |
| align="left"| Murcia
| 39.96% | 43.41% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +3.45 | 52.89% | 61.85% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +8.96 | 71.35% | 75.69% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.34 |
| align="left"| Navarre
| 38.03% | 43.79% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.76 | 51.77% | 60.97% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +9.20 | 70.58% | 76.29% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.71 |
| align="left"| Valencian Community
| 43.34% | 45.87% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +2.53 | 56.51% | 61.67% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.16 | 74.09% | 76.34% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +2.25 |
| align="left"| Ceuta
| 24.97% | 30.47% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.50 | 37.51% | 48.84% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.33 | 52.59% | 63.97% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.38 |
| align="left"| Melilla
| 21.82% | 28.14% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +6.32 | 34.32% | 45.45% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.13 | 51.35% | 63.05% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +11.70 |
| style="background:#CDCDCD;"
| align="left"| Total | 36.87% | 41.49% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +4.62 | 51.21% | 60.76% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +9.55 | 69.83% | 75.75% | style="background:#DDFFDD; color:green;"| +5.92 |
| colspan="10" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| |
| align="left" colspan="10"| Sources{{cite web |url=https://www.resultados.eleccionesgenerales19.es/Avances/Total-nacional/r-1/es |title=Resumen por autonomías - Total nacional - Avances - Elecciones Generales España 2019 |language=es |website=resultados.eleccionesgenerales19.es |publisher=Ministry of the Interior |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428175213/https://www.resultados.eleccionesgenerales19.es/Avances/Total-nacional/r-1/es |archive-date=28 April 2019 }} |
Results
=Congress of Deputies=
{{For|results by autonomous community/constituency|Results breakdown of the April 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ ← Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results → | |||
| colspan="7"| File:SpainCongressDiagram2019-04.svg | |||
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances
! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| width="75"| Votes
! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±pp ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− | |||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 7,513,142 | 28.67 | style="color:green;"| +6.04
| 123 | style="color:green;"| +38 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| People's Party (PP)1 | 4,373,653 | 16.69 | style="color:red;"| –15.88
| 66 | style="color:red;"| –69 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)1 | 4,155,665 | 15.86 | style="color:green;"| +2.88
| 57 | style="color:green;"| +25 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"| | align="left"| United We Can (Unidas Podemos) | 3,751,145 | 14.32 | style="color:red;"| –6.83
| 42 | style="color:red;"| –29 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)2 | 2,897,419 | 11.06 | style="color:red;"| –5.10
| 33 | style="color:red;"| –21 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) | 615,665 | 2.35 | style="color:red;"| –1.20
| 7 | style="color:red;"| –5 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| In Common–United We Can (Podemos–EU–Tides in Common–Equo)3 | 238,061 | 0.91 | style="color:red;"| –0.53
| 2 | style="color:red;"| –3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Vox (Vox) | 2,688,092 | 10.26 | style="color:green;"| +10.06
| 24 | style="color:green;"| +24 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}"| | align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 1,024,628 | 3.91 | style="color:green;"| +1.28
| 15 | style="color:green;"| +6 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 1,020,392 | 3.89 | style="color:green;"| +1.26
| 15 | style="color:green;"| +6 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 4,236 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}"|
| align="left"| Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)4 | 500,787 | 1.91 | style="color:red;"| –0.10
| 7 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 395,884 | 1.51 | style="color:green;"| +0.32
| 6 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals}}"|
| align="left"| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 328,299 | 1.25 | style="color:green;"| +0.06
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|EH Bildu}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 259,647 | 0.99 | style="color:green;"| +0.22
| 4 | style="color:green;"| +2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| align="left"| Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís 2019) | 173,821 | 0.66 | New
| 1 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 137,664 | 0.53 | style="color:green;"| +0.20
| 2 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Front (Catalonia)}}"|
| align="left"| Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) | 113,807 | 0.43 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarra Suma}}"|
| align="left"| Sum Navarre (NA+)5 | 107,619 | 0.41 | style="color:red;"| –0.12
| 2 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 94,433 | 0.36 | style="color:green;"| +0.17
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 52,266 | 0.20 | New
| 1 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Zero Cuts}}"|
| align="left"| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 47,363 | 0.18 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| align="left"| New Canaries (NCa) | 36,225 | 0.14 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Actúa}}"|
| align="left"| Act (PACT) | 30,236 | 0.12 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Veus Progressistes}}"|
| align="left"| Progressive Voices (Ara–Més–esquerra) | 25,191 | 0.10 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Geroa Bai}}"|
| align="left"| Yes to the Future (GBai) | 22,309 | 0.09 | style="color:green;"| +0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|For a Fairer World}}"|
| align="left"| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 21,863 | 0.08 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|En Marea}}"|
| align="left"| In Tide (En Marea) | 17,899 | 0.07 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communists (PCPE–PCPC–PCPA) | 17,061 | 0.07 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Workers of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) | 14,022 | 0.05 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Proposta per les Illes}}"|
| align="left"| El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) | 11,692 | 0.04 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalucía por Sí}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) | 11,407 | 0.04 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Communist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) | 9,130 | 0.03 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Avant}}"|
| align="left"| Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV)6 | 7,332 | 0.03 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Blank Seats}}"|
| align="left"| Blank Seats (EB) | 7,072 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalition for Melilla}}"|
| align="left"| Coalition for Melilla (CpM) | 6,857 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Somos Región}}"|
| align="left"| We Are Region (Somos Región) | 4,976 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Humanist Party (PH) | 4,495 | 0.02 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|We Are Valencian}}"|
| align="left"| We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) | 4,473 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left in Positive}}"|
| align="left"| Left in Positive (IZQP) | 3,503 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ahora Canarias}}"|
| align="left"| Canaries Now (ANC–UP)7 | 3,037 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commitment to Galicia}}"|
| align="left"| Commitment to Galicia (CxG) | 2,760 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Sorian People's Platform}}"|
| align="left"| Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) | 2,663 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergents}}"|
| align="left" | Convergents (CNV) | 2,541 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 2,190 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Extremaduran Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx) | 2,150 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"|
| align="left"| Riojan Party (PR+) | 2,098 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 1,216 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Linares Independent Citizens}}"|
| align="left"| United Linares Independent Citizens (CILU–Linares) | 1,081 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"|
| align="left"| Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur) | 932 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Retirees Party for the Future}}"|
| align="left"| Retirees Party for the Future. Dignity and Democracy ("JF") | 876 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Puyalón de Cuchas}}"|
| align="left"| Puyalón (PYLN) | 835 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federation of Independents of Aragon}}"|
| align="left"| Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) | 785 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 646 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Feminism8}}"|
| align="left"| Feminism8 (F8) | 571 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Solidarity Action Party}}"|
| align="left"| European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) | 528 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Plural Democracy}}"|
| align="left"| Plural Democracy (DPL) | 504 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Union of Castile and León}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) | 490 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Centrados}}"|
| align="left"| Centered (centrados) | 459 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Living Ourense}}"|
| align="left"| Living Ourense (VOU) | 335 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Public Defense Organization}}"|
| align="left"| Public Defense Organization (ODP) | 308 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Retirees Social Democratic Party}}"|
| align="left"| European Retirees Social Democratic Party–Centre Unity (PDSJE–UdeC) | 277 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left}}"|
| align="left"| Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) | 257 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) | 190 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Converxencia XXI}}"|
| align="left"| XXI Convergence (C21) | 73 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Death to the System (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Death to the System (+MAS+) | 47 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of Everyone}}"|
| align="left"| Union of Everyone (UdT) | 28 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 199,836 | 0.76 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 26,201,371 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 350 | ±0 | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 26,201,371 | 98.95 | style="color:red;"| –0.12
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 276,769 | 1.05 | style="color:green;"| +0.12 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 26,478,140 | 71.76 | style="color:green;"| +5.28 | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 10,420,743 | 28.24 | style="color:red;"| –5.28 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 36,898,883 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | ||
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources{{cite web |url=https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ |title=Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales |language=es |publisher=Ministry of the Interior |access-date=15 April 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2019.html |title=Elecciones Generales 28 de abril de 2019 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=21 October 2021}} | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl
| 1 People's Party and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry do not include results in Navarre. | 2 United We Can results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can and The Valencian Way in the 2016 election. | 3 In Common–United We Can results are compared to Podemos–Anova–EU in the 2016 election. | 4 Together for Catalonia–Together results are compared to Democratic Convergence of Catalonia totals in the 2016 election. | 5 Sum Navarre results are compared to the combined totals of People's Party and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry in Navarre in the 2016 election. | 6 Forward–The Greens results are compared to The Eco-pacifist Greens totals in the 2016 election. | 7 Canaries Now results are compared to Unity of the People totals in the 2016 election.}}}} |
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|28.67}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|16.69}}
{{bar percent|Cs|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|15.86}}
{{bar percent|Unidas Podemos|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|14.32}}
{{bar percent|Vox|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|10.26}}
{{bar percent|ERC–Sob.|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}|3.91}}
{{bar percent|JxCat–Junts|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}|1.91}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.51}}
{{bar percent|PACMA|{{party color|Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals}}|1.25}}
{{bar percent|EH Bildu|{{party color|EH Bildu}}|0.99}}
{{bar percent|Compromís 2019|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}|0.66}}
{{bar percent|CCa–PNC|{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}|0.53}}
{{bar percent|NA+|{{party color|Navarra Suma}}|0.41}}
{{bar percent|PRC|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|0.20}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|2.06}}
{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|0.76}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|35.14}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|18.86}}
{{bar percent|Cs|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|16.29}}
{{bar percent|Unidas Podemos|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|12.00}}
{{bar percent|Vox|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|6.86}}
{{bar percent|ERC–Sob.|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}|4.29}}
{{bar percent|JxCat–Junts|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}|2.00}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.71}}
{{bar percent|EH Bildu|{{party color|EH Bildu}}|1.14}}
{{bar percent|CCa–PNC|{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}|0.57}}
{{bar percent|NA+|{{party color|Navarra Suma}}|0.57}}
{{bar percent|Compromís 2019|{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}|0.29}}
{{bar percent|PRC|{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}|0.29}}
}}
=Senate=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ ← Summary of the 28 April 2019 Senate of Spain election results → | |||
| colspan="7"| File:SpainSenateDiagram2019-04.svg | |||
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances
! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| width="75"| Votes
! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±pp ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− | |||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 21,058,377 | 29.33 | style="color:green;"| +5.75
| 123 | style="color:green;"| +80 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| People's Party (PP)1 | 13,757,395 | 19.16 | style="color:red;"| –14.58
| 54 | style="color:red;"| –73 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)1 | 10,665,627 | 14.85 | style="color:green;"| +4.34
| 4 | style="color:green;"| +4 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}"| | align="left"| United We Can (Unidas Podemos) | 9,171,853 | 12.77 | style="color:red;"| –6.52
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –15 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)2 | 7,091,581 | 9.67 | style="color:red;"| –5.21
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –10 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) | 1,518,006 | 2.11 | style="color:red;"| –0.94
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –4 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| In Common–United We Can (Podemos–EU–Tides in Common–Equo)3 | 562,266 | 0.74 | style="color:red;"| –0.62
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vox (political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Vox (Vox) | 5,998,649 | 8.35 | style="color:green;"| +8.10
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}"| | align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 3,154,967 | 4.39 | style="color:green;"| +1.43
| 11 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 3,144,383 | 4.38 | style="color:green;"| +1.42
| 11 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 10,584 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}"|
| align="left"| Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)4 | 1,527,788 | 2.13 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 2 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals}}"|
| align="left"| Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 1,322,370 | 1.84 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 1,184,641 | 1.65 | style="color:green;"| +0.29
| 9 | style="color:green;"| +4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|EH Bildu}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 | 647,201 | 0.90 | ±0.00
| 1 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalició Compromís}}"|
| align="left"| Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís 2019) | 574,171 | 0.80 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 337,849 | 0.47 | style="color:green;"| +0.19
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarra Suma}}"|
| align="left"| Sum Navarre (NA+)5 | 325,305 | 0.45 | style="color:red;"| –0.10
| 3 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cambio-Aldaketa}}"|
| align="left"| Change (Cambio/Aldaketa)6 | 288,947 | 0.40 | style="color:red;"| –0.15
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Agreement of Nationalist Unity}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 236,871 | 0.33 | style="color:green;"| +0.10
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Front (Catalonia)}}"|
| align="left"| Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) | 179,898 | 0.25 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Zero Cuts}}"|
| align="left"| Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 171,943 | 0.24 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Cantabria}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 155,748 | 0.22 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|New Canaries}}"|
| align="left"| New Canaries (NCa) | 76,857 | 0.11 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|En Marea}}"|
| align="left"| In Tide (En Marea) | 75,846 | 0.11 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|For a Fairer World}}"|
| align="left"| For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 67,268 | 0.09 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communists (PCPE–PCPC–PCPA) | 51,948 | 0.07 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalucía por Sí}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) | 40,087 | 0.06 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Blank Seats}}"|
| align="left"| Blank Seats (EB) | 30,437 | 0.04 | style="color:red;"| –0.06
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Proposta per les Illes}}"|
| align="left"| El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) | 30,129 | 0.04 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Humanist Party (PH) | 22,028 | 0.03 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Avant}}"|
| align="left"| Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV)7 | 21,927 | 0.03 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Workers of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) | 21,814 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Somos Región}}"|
| align="left"| We Are Region (Somos Región) | 21,691 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 14,524 | 0.02 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Coalition for Melilla}}"|
| align="left"| Coalition for Melilla (CpM) | 13,342 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|We Are Valencian}}"|
| align="left"| We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) | 10,715 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commitment to Galicia}}"|
| align="left"| Commitment to Galicia (CxG) | 8,655 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Riojan Party}}"|
| align="left"| Riojan Party (PR+) | 8,492 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Extremaduran Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx) | 8,420 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left in Positive}}"|
| align="left"| Left in Positive (IZQP) | 8,329 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ahora Canarias}}"|
| align="left"| Canaries Now (ANC–UP)8 | 7,233 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Retirees Party for the Future}}"|
| align="left"| Retirees Party for the Future. Dignity and Democracy ("JF") | 5,905 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}"|
| align="left"| Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) | 5,611 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 1 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"|
| align="left"| Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur) | 5,600 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Sorian People's Platform}}"|
| align="left"| Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) | 5,410 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergents}}"|
| align="left" | Convergents (CNV) | 4,931 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Més per Menorca}}"|
| align="left" | More for Menorca (MxMe) | 4,524 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federation of Independents of Aragon}}"|
| align="left"| Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) | 4,191 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Linares Independent Citizens}}"|
| align="left"| United Linares Independent Citizens (CILU–Linares) | 2,582 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Puyalón de Cuchas}}"|
| align="left"| Puyalón (PYLN) | 2,300 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Gana Fuerteventura}}"|
| align="left"| Win Fuerteventura (PPMAJO–UP Majorero) | 2,275 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Union of Castile and León}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) | 2,021 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Centrados}}"|
| align="left"| Centered (centrados) | 1,965 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 1,835 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Libertarian Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 1,673 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Plural Democracy}}"|
| align="left"| Plural Democracy (DPL) | 1,430 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Feminism8}}"|
| align="left"| Feminism8 (F8) | 1,405 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Solidarity Action Party}}"|
| align="left"| European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) | 1,314 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Ara Eivissa}}"|
| align="left"| Now Ibiza and Formentera (Ara) | 1,302 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Vida i Autonomia}}"|
| align="left"| Life and Autonomy (VIA) | 1,231 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) | 1,189 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Public Defense Organization}}"|
| align="left"| Public Defense Organization (ODP) | 1,090 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Proposta per Eivissa}}"|
| align="left"| Proposal for Ibiza (PxE) | 681 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United for Lanzarote}}"|
| align="left"| United for Lanzarote (UPLanzarote) | 456 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Converxencia XXI}}"|
| align="left"| XXI Convergence (C21) | 234 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Federation Free Socialist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Federation Free Socialist Party (PSLF) | 135 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots{{efn|The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.}}
| 439,543 | 1.71 | style="color:red;"| –0.71
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 71,800,175 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 208 | ±0 | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 25,637,370 | 97.42 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 680,156 | 2.58 | style="color:green;"| +0.05 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 26,317,526 | 71.32 | style="color:green;"| +5.61 | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 10,581,357 | 28.68 | style="color:red;"| –5.61 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 36,898,883 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | ||
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl
| 1 People's Party, Citizens–Party of the Citizenry and Basque Country Gather do not include results in Navarre. | 2 United We Can results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can and The Valencian Way in the 2016 election, not including results in Navarre. | 3 In Common–United We Can results are compared to Podemos–Anova–EU in the 2016 election. | 4 Together for Catalonia–Together results are compared to Democratic Convergence of Catalonia totals in the 2016 election. | 5 Sum Navarre results are compared to the combined totals of People's Party and Citizens–Party of the Citizenry in Navarre in the 2016 election. | 6 Change results are compared to the combined totals of United We Can, Basque Country Gather and Yes to Navarre totals in Navarre in the 2016 election. | 7 Forward–The Greens results are compared to The Eco-pacifist Greens totals in the 2016 election. | 8 Canaries Now results are compared to Unity of the People totals in the 2016 election.}}}} |
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|29.33}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|19.16}}
{{bar percent|Cs|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|14.85}}
{{bar percent|Unidas Podemos|{{party color|Unidas Podemos}}|12.77}}
{{bar percent|Vox|{{party color|Vox (political party)}}|8.35}}
{{bar percent|ERC–Sob.|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}|4.39}}
{{bar percent|JxCat–Junts|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}|2.13}}
{{bar percent|PACMA|{{party color|Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals}}|1.84}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.65}}
{{bar percent|EH Bildu|{{party color|EH Bildu}}|0.90}}
{{bar percent|NA+|{{party color|Navarra Suma}}|0.45}}
{{bar percent|ASG|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.54}}
{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|1.71}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|59.13}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|25.96}}
{{bar percent|ERC–Sob.|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists}}|5.29}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|4.33}}
{{bar percent|Cs|{{party color|Citizens (Spanish political party)}}|1.92}}
{{bar percent|NA+|{{party color|Navarra Suma}}|1.44}}
{{bar percent|JxCat–Junts|{{party color|Together for Catalonia (2017)}}|0.96}}
{{bar percent|EH Bildu|{{party color|EH Bildu}}|0.48}}
{{bar percent|ASG|{{party color|Gomera Socialist Group}}|0.48}}
}}
=Maps=
File:April 2019 Spanish general election map.svg|Election results by constituency (Congress).
File:April 2019 Spanish election - Results.svg|Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress).
File:April 2019 Spanish election - AC results.svg|Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress).
=Elected legislators=
{{Main|13th Cortes Generales|13th Congress of Deputies|13th Senate of Spain}}
Aftermath
=Outcome=
The election resulted in a victory for Pedro Sánchez's Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)—its first since the 2008 general election—which swept the country and won in most constituencies and regions. The right-wing bloc of PP–Cs–Vox was only able to garner 42.9% of the vote and 147 Congress seats (149 including the Navarra Suma alliance in Navarre) to the 165 seats and 43.0% vote share garnered by the two major left-wing parties, PSOE and Unidas Podemos. Even though the left-wing bloc was still 11 seats short of a majority, the three-way split on the centre-right ensured Sánchez's PSOE would be the only party that could realistically garner enough support from third parties to command a majority in the lower house.{{cite news |date=29 April 2019 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20190429/elecciones-generales-2019-el-psoe-lidera-espana-7429988 |title=El PSOE lidera España |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}} The PSOE also obtained an absolute majority of seats in the Senate for the first time since 1989 as the PP vote collapsed.{{cite news |date=29 April 2019 |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-recuento-98-psoe-confirma-mayoria-absoluta-senado-20190429020129.html |title=El PSOE se impone en el Senado con 121 escaños, alcanza la mayoría absoluta y aleja la aplicación de otro 155 |publisher=Europa Press |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}} Having initially been allocated 121 senators, it was awarded two additional senators from PP after the counting of CERA votes, the Census of Absent-Residents, namely one for Zamora and one for Segovia.{{cite news |date=1 May 2019 |url=https://www.elnortedecastilla.es/elecciones/generales/socialistas-arrebatan-extremis-20190501195607-nt.html |title=Los socialistas arrebatan 'in extremis' dos senadores al PP en Zamora y Segovia |newspaper=El Norte de Castilla |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}
Support for the People's Party (PP) plummeted and scored the worst result of its history as well as the worst support for any of the party's incarnations since the People's Alliance results in the 1977 and 1979 elections. The PP was only able to remain the most voted party in five constituencies: Ávila, Lugo, Melilla, Ourense and Salamanca; and it was not able to remain the largest party in any region, including Galicia, where it lost to the PSOE for the first time ever in any kind of election.{{cite news |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/04/28/5cc5ff9efc6c83b3778b46b1.html |title=Elecciones 2019: El PSOE, al borde de gobernar sin los separatistas ante la debacle del PP |newspaper=El Mundo |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}{{cite news |date=3 May 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/galicia/PSdeG-Xunta-imponerse-PP-desconcertado_0_895210633.html |title=Los socialistas gallegos sueñan con la Xunta tras imponerse por primera vez en las urnas a un PP desconcertado |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}} Overall, the party lost 3.6 million votes from 2016, with post-election analysis determining that 1.4 million had been lost to Albert Rivera's Citizens party, 1.6 million to far-right Vox, 400,000 to abstentions and a further 300,000 to PSOE.{{cite news |date=30 April 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/04/30/5cc76591fdddff52528b469d.html |title=El PP perdió 1,6 millones de votos con Vox y 1,4 con Ciudadanos |newspaper=El Mundo |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}
Scoring below previous expectations throughout the campaign, Vox's result signalled the first time since Blas Piñar's election as a deputy for the National Union coalition in 1979 that a far-right party had won seats in the Spanish Parliament after the country's return to democracy as well as the first time that a far-right party would be able to form a parliamentary group of its own in the Congress of Deputies.{{cite news |date=30 April 2019 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20190502/461989277260/vox-resultados-barrios-madrid.html |title=Vox no triunfa en el Madrid acomodado y pincha en los barrios obreros |newspaper=La Vanguardia |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}
After losing more than a half of their seats, the PP sacked Javier Maroto as their campaign manager. Maroto had also failed to hold his seat from Álava in the election, losing it to EH Bildu and signalling the first time since 1979 that the party had not won a seat in the province.{{cite news |date=30 April 2019 |url=https://www.libertaddigital.com/espana/2019-04-30/maroto-relegado-como-director-de-campana-tras-el-fracaso-del-pp-en-las-urnas-1276637522/ |title=Maroto, relegado como director de campaña tras el fracaso del PP en las urnas |newspaper=Libertad Digital |language=es |access-date=30 April 2019}} Pablo Casado, the PP leader whose right-wing stance and controversial leadership had been labelled by commentators as a "suicide" in light of election results,{{cite news |date=29 April 2019|url=https://blogs.elconfidencial.com/espana/notebook/2019-04-29/elecciones-generales-sanchez-gana-derecha-suicida_1970682/ |title=Sánchez gana y la derecha se suicida |newspaper=El Confidencial |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}} refused to resign and instead proposed a sudden U-turn of the party back into the centre under pressure from party regional leaders one month ahead of the regional and local elections{{cite news |date=28 April 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Casado-PP-resultado-autonomicas-municipales_0_893461244.html |title=Casado hunde al PP con el peor resultado de su historia y no dimite a un mes de las autonómicas y municipales |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}{{cite news |date=4 May 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/elecciones-municipales-y-autonomicas/2019-05-04/feijoo-y-casado-escenifican-en-galicia-el-viraje-al-centro-del-pp_1981538/ |title=Feijóo y Casado escenifican en Galicia el viraje al centro del PP: "Aquí cabemos todos" |newspaper=El Confidencial |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}} while also raising a hostile profile to both Cs and Vox, attacking them for dividing the vote to the right-of-centre.{{cite news |date=30 April 2019 |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2019-04-30/pp-casado-elecciones-lema-centro-genova_1975182/ |title=Casado se proclama representante único del centro derecha y carga contra Cs y Vox |newspaper=El Confidencial |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}{{cite news |date=3 May 2019 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/deriva-batalla-campal-derechas-elecciones_0_895210701.html |title=El 28A deriva en una batalla campal entre las tres derechas a menos de un mes de otras elecciones |newspaper=eldiario.es |language=es |access-date=4 May 2019}}
=Government formation=
{{Further|2019–2020 Spanish government formation}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| Investiture Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) |
| colspan="2" style="width:150px;"| Ballot →
! 23 July 2019 ! 25 July 2019 |
|---|
| colspan="2"| Required majority →
| 176 out of 350 {{xmark|15}} | Simple {{xmark|15}} |
| style="width:1px; background:green;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Yes | • PSOE (123) | • PRC (1) }} | {{Composition bar|124|350|green|width=125px}} | {{Composition bar|124|350|green|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:red;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = No | • PP (66) | • Cs (57) | • Vox (24) | • ERC (14) {{small|(on 23 Jul)}} | • JxCat (4) | • CCa (2) | • UPN (2) | • UP–ECP–GeC (1) {{small|(on 23 Jul)}} }} | {{Composition bar|170|350|red|width=125px}} | {{Composition bar|155|350|red|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:gray;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Abstentions | • UP–ECP–GeC (42) {{small|(41 on 23 Jul)}} | • ERC (14) {{small|(on 25 Jul)}} | • PNV (6) | • EH Bildu (4) | • Compromís (1) }} | {{Composition bar|52|350|gray|width=125px}} | {{Composition bar|67|350|gray|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:black;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| {{Collapsible list | title = Absentees | • JxCat (3) | • ERC (1) }} | {{Composition bar|4|350|black|width=125px}} | {{Composition bar|4|350|black|width=125px}} |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="4"| Sources{{cite news |last1=Hernández |first1=Marisol |last2=R. Sanmartín |first2=Olga |date=23 July 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/07/23/5d36fcf321efa064088b45e5.html |title=Sesión de investidura: Pedro Sánchez pierde la primera votación pero Podemos se abstiene para retomar la negociación |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=23 July 2019}}{{cite news |last1=Hernández |first1=Marisol |last2=R. Sanmartín |first2=Olga |last3=Cruz |first3=Marisa |last4=Sanz |first4=Luis Ángel |last5=J. Álvarez |first5=Rafael |date=25 July 2019 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2019/07/25/5d399c3efc6c83e04e8b45b5.html |title=Sesión de investidura: El Congreso tumba la elección de Pedro Sánchez como presidente del Gobierno con 155 votos en contra y 67 abstenciones |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=25 July 2019}} |
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite act |italics=y |title=Constitución Española |type=Spanish Constitution |date=29 December 1978 |orig-date=version as of 27 September 2011 |reporter=Boletín Oficial del Estado |volume=311 |issn=0212-033X |id=BOE-A-1978-31229 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229&p=20110927 |access-date=27 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|Const. Esp.|1978}}}}
- {{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General |type=Organic Law |number=5/1985 |date=19 June 1985 |orig-date=version as of 30 January 2019 |reporter=Boletín Oficial del Estado |volume=147 |issn=0212-033X |id=BOE-A-1985-11672 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=20190130 |access-date=30 January 2020 |ref={{harvid|LOREG|1985}}}}
- {{cite book |last1=Carreras de Odriozola |first1=Albert |last2=Tafunell Sambola |first2=Xavier |year=2005 |orig-year=1989 |title=Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX |url=http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |language=es |volume=1 |location=Bilbao |publisher=Fundación BBVA |pages=1072–1097 |edition=II |isbn=84-96515-00-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Spanish elections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:General election in Spain, 2019 04}}