2004 Spanish general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2004 Spanish general election
| country = Spain
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2000 Spanish general election
| previous_year = 2000
| next_election = 2008 Spanish general election
| next_year = 2008
| outgoing_members =
| elected_members =
| seats_for_election = All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 259) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2004 Spanish general election
| registered = 34,571,831 File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg1.8%
| turnout = 26,155,436 (75.7%)
File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg7.0 pp
| election_date = 14 March 2004
| image1 = 170x170px
| leader1 = José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
| party1 = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
| leader_since1 = 22 July 2000
| leaders_seat1 = Madrid
| last_election1 = 125 seats, 34.2%{{efn|name="PSOE"|Results for PSOE–p (34.2%, 125 deputies) and Extremaduran Coalition (0.0%, 0 deputies) in the 2000 Congress election.}}
| seats1 = 164
| seat_change1 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg39
| popular_vote1 = 11,026,163
| percentage1 = 42.6%
| swing1 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg8.3 pp
| image2 = 170x170px
| leader2 = Mariano Rajoy
| party2 = People's Party (Spain)
| leader_since2 = 2 September 2003
| leaders_seat2 = Madrid
| last_election2 = 183 seats, 44.5%
| seats2 = 148
| seat_change2 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg35
| popular_vote2 = 9,763,144
| percentage2 = 37.7%
| swing2 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg6.8 pp
| image3 = 170x170px
| leader3 = Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida
| leaders_seat3 = Barcelona
| leader_since3 = 24 January 2004
| party3 = Convergence and Union
| last_election3 = 15 seats, 4.2%
| seats3 = 10
| seat_change3 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg5
| popular_vote3 = 835,471
| percentage3 = 3.2%
| swing3 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg1.0 pp
| image4 = 170x170px
| leader4 = Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira
| party4 = Republican Left of Catalonia
| leader_since4 = 2 February 2004
| leaders_seat4 = Barcelona
| last_election4 = 1 seat, 0.8%
| seats4 = 8
| seat_change4 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg7
| popular_vote4 = 652,196
| percentage4 = 2.5%
| swing4 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg1.7 pp
| image5 = 170x170px
| leader5 = Josu Erkoreka
| party5 = Basque Nationalist Party
| leader_since5 = 2004
| leaders_seat5 = Biscay
| last_election5 = 7 seats, 1.5%
| seats5 = 7
| seat_change5 = File:Arrow Blue Right 001.svg0
| popular_vote5 = 420,980
| percentage5 = 1.6%
| swing5 = File:Green Arrow Up Darker.svg0.1 pp
| image6 = 170x170px
| leader6 = Gaspar Llamazares
| party6 = United Left (Spain)
| leader_since6 = 29 October 2000
| leaders_seat6 = Madrid
| last_election6 = 9 seats, 6.0%{{efn|name="IU+ICV"|Results for IU (5.4%, 8 deputies) and IC–V (0.5%, 1 deputy) in the 2000 Congress election.}}
| seats6 = 5
| seat_change6 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg4
| popular_vote6 = 1,284,081
| percentage6 = 5.0%
| swing6 = File:Red Arrow Down.svg1.0 pp
| map = {{Switcher
| File:2004 Spanish election - Results.svg
| Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress)
| File:2004 Spanish election - AC results.svg
| Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress)
| File:2004 Spanish general election map.svg
| Election results by constituency (Congress)
}}
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = José María Aznar
| before_party = People's Party (Spain)
| after_election = José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
| after_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
}}
A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 14 March 2004, to elect the members of the 8th {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 259 seats in the Senate. Incumbent prime minister José María Aznar of the People's Party (PP) did not run for re-election, being replaced as party candidate by former deputy prime minister Mariano Rajoy.
Since 2000, the PP had governed with an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies which allowed it to renegue from its previous agreements with peripheral nationalist parties. This period saw sustained economic growth, but the controversial management—and, at times, attempted cover-up—of a number of crises affected Aznar's government standing and fostered perceptions of arrogance: this included the "Gescartera case", the Prestige oil spill and the Yak-42 crash. A reform of unemployment benefits led to a general strike in 2002, and the unpopular decision to intervene in the Iraq War sparked massive protests across Spain. The electoral outcome was heavily influenced by the Madrid train bombings on 11 March—three days before the election—which saw Aznar's government blaming the Basque separatist ETA for the attacks, in spite of mounting evidence suggesting Islamist authorship. The ruling PP was accused by the opposition of staging a disinformation campaign to prevent the blame on the bombings being linked to Spain's involvement in Iraq.
At 11 million votes and 42.6%, the opposition Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) under new leader José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero increased its 2000 result by 3.1 million, securing a net gain of 39 seats to 164. In contrast, the PP, which opinion polls had predicted would secure a diminished but still commanding victory, lost 35 seats and 6.8 percentage points, resulting in the worst defeat for a sitting government in Spain up to that point since 1982. Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) benefitted from the impact of the "Carod case"—the revelation that party leader Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira had held a meeting with ETA shortly after joining the new Catalan regional government of Pasqual Maragall—which gave the party publicity to the detriment of Convergence and Union (CiU). The 75.7% voter turnout was among the highest since the Spanish transition to democracy, with no subsequent general election having exceeded such figure. The number of votes cast, at 26.1 million votes, remained the highest figure in gross terms for any Spanish election until April 2019.{{cite news |date=15 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/15/espana/1079305204_850215.html |title=El PSOE da el gran vuelco electoral |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=28 January 2019}}{{cite news |date=15 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/15/espana/1079305201_850215.html |title=Zapatero vence con casi 11 millones de votos |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=28 January 2019}}{{cite news |last=Castaño |first=Federico |date=15 March 2004 |url=https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2004/03/15/economia/1079333780_850215.html |title=Zapatero derrota a Rajoy en la recta final |language=es |newspaper=Cinco Días |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}
The election result was described by some media as an "unprecedented electoral upset". Perceived PP abuses and public rejection at Spain's involvement in Iraq were said to help fuel a wave of discontent against the incumbent ruling party, with Aznar's mismanagement of the 11M bombings serving as the final catalyst for change to happen.{{cite news |date=15 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/15/enespecial/1079334666.html |title=El voto de castigo dio la victoria al PSOE, según la prensa |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=28 January 2019}}{{cite news |date=16 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/16/espana/1079391601_850215.html |title=Zapatero atribuye su victoria a las "ganas de cambio en España" y no al atentado del 11-M |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=28 January 2019}} Zapatero announced his will to form a minority PSOE government, seeking the parliamentary support of other parties once elected.{{cite news |date=16 April 2004 |url=https://www.abc.es/hemeroteca/historico-16-04-2004/abc/Nacional/zapatero-investido-presidente-del-gobierno-con-mayoria-absoluta_962990422349.html |title=Zapatero, investido presidente del Gobierno con mayoría absoluta |language=es |newspaper=ABC |access-date=28 January 2019}}
Background
The People's Party (PP) secured an absolute majority of seats for the first time ever in the 2000 general election, which allowed prime minister José María Aznar to be re-elected for a second term in office.{{cite news |date=13 March 2000 |title=Aznar logra la mayoría absoluta |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/02/11/portada/1044918016_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=16 April 2025}}{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=27 April 2000 |title=Aznar, investido por segunda vez presidente del Gobierno |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2000/04/26/espana/956729513.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=9 May 2025}} The defeat of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), which obtained its worst result since 1979, prompted the resignation of party leader Joaquín Almunia and a leadership contest,{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=13 March 2000 |title=Joaquín Almunia asume la derrota y dimite |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/13/espana/952902020_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=16 April 2025}}{{cite news |date=23 March 2000 |title=El comité federal resuelve la dimisión de Almunia con un congreso ordinario y una gestora de 15 miembros |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/03/23/espana/953766067_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=24 April 2025}} with dark horse candidate José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero emerging as new leader.{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=23 July 2000 |title=Zapatero gana a Bono por sólo 9 votos |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/07/23/espana/964303201_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=24 March 2022}}
With unemployment remaining low under Spanish standards, Aznar's government continued its policy of economic liberalization in a wide range of activities (including several sectors that until then were subject to state monopoly): business hours, gasoline, electricity, gas, taxation, health, telecommunications, land, technology policy, professional associations and competition.{{cite news |date=24 June 2000 |title=El Gobierno afirma que las nuevas medidas acaban con los monopolios |url=https://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/2000/06/24/pagina-69/34097985/pdf.html |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |location=Madrid |access-date=9 May 2025}} This policy, together with the continued inflow of European funds, provided the State with extraordinary revenues that contributed to curb the fiscal deficit and reduce the level of public debt; however, the Spanish government's overreliance on housing as an economic engine generated a property bubble as many did not buy to live but to speculate.{{cite news |last=Fernández-Palacios |first=Miguel |date=26 April 2017 |title=Desmontando el mito del milagro económico de Aznar |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/entre-todos/participacion/desmontando-el-mito-del-milagro-economico-de-aznar-125599 |language=es |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}} Further, the cash rounding resulting from the introduction of the euro on 1 January 2002 led to a rise in inflation.{{cite news |agency=Servimedia |date=31 December 2002 |title=La cesta de la compra subió un 8% con el redondeo del euro |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2002/12/30/economia/1041270031.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |date=31 December 2002 |title=Economía admite que el redondeo por el euro afectó a la inflación |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2002/12/31/actualidad/1041323574_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}
Domestically, Aznar had to deal with the impact of the mad cow crisis early into its second term, with a bovine spongiform encephalopathy outbreak in Spain resulting in five dead.{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=7 April 2008 |title=Ocho años de 'vacas locas' en España |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20080407/ocho-anos-de-vacas-locas-en-espana/19090.shtml |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=9 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Turrión |first=Elena |date=25 March 2021 |title=La enfermedad en humanos por las “vacas locas”, 25 años después: así la gestionó Europa |url=https://www.newtral.es/enfermedad-vacas-locas-europa/20210325/ |language=es |publisher=Newtral |access-date=9 May 2025}} In the summer of 2001, it was unveiled that the Gescartera investment company had engaged in profit-making activities by defrauding its clients through the misappropriation of funds and influence peddling, leading to the loss of around 18 billion Pts affecting up to 4,000 small investors; the scandal saw the resignations of the then Secretary of State for the Treasury, Enrique Giménez-Reyna—who was a brother to Gescartera's president—and the president of the National Securities Market Commission (CNMV).{{cite news |last=Lorenzo |first=Ana |date=18 October 2007 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2007/10/comunicacion/18elmundo/gescartera.html |title=La trama oculta del 'chiringuito' de Camacho |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |date=28 March 2019 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/donde-estabas-entonces/mejores-momentos/el-caso-gescartera-la-estafa-que-acabo-con-todos-los-ahorros-de-mas-de-4000-clientes-en-el-ano-2000-video_201903285c9d45660cf221c68703118e.html |title=El caso Gescartera, la estafa que acabó con todos los ahorros de más de 4.000 clientes en el año 2000 |language=es |publisher=laSexta |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}} An attempt by the government to reform unemployment benefits and other working conditions through decree-law led to a general strike in 2002, forcing the proposal to be watered down;{{cite news |date=20 June 2002 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/especiales/2002/06/espana/huelga/decreto.html |title=El decreto |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Gonzalo |first=José Ángel |date=4 July 2002 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/mundodinero/2002/07/04/Noti20020704190005.html |title=Huelga General |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=10 May 2025}} the Constitutional Court of Spain would end up ruling the proposed reform as unlawful in 2007.{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=30 March 2007 |url=https://cadenaser.com/ser/2007/03/30/economia/1175211553_850215.html |title=Declarado inconstitucional el 'decretazo' de Aznar que llevó a la huelga general en 2002 |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |access-date=10 May 2025}}
File:MV Prestige.jpg came to be seen in Spain as a symbol of government mismanagement.]]
Terrorism was a major issue during Aznar's second tenure as prime minister, as the ETA group conducted major attacks such as the killings of former health minister Ernest Lluch and Supreme Court judge Francisco Querol Lombardero, among others. In response, PP and PSOE signed an "Anti-Terrorist Pact" as a show of unity against terrorism,{{cite news |date=12 December 2000 |title=PP y PSOE firman pacto contra ETA |url=https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/fue-noticia-en-el-archivo-de-rtve/pp-psoe-firman-pacto-antiterrorista/1054932/ |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=10 May 2025}} and in 2002 a new Law on Parties was passed which allowed the banning of the Batasuna party over its links and support to ETA's actions.{{cite news |date=25 June 2002 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2002/06/25/actualidad/1024993018_850215.html |title=El Senado cumple el trámite y aprueba la Ley de Partidos con un 93% de votos a favor |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |date=17 March 2003 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2857437.stm |title=Batasuna banned permanently |language=en |publisher=BBC News |access-date=10 May 2025}} Concurrently, the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) under Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe sought to resolve the Basque conflict through a more pro-sovereigntist position, proposing an initiative—the Ibarretxe Plan—to totally reform the Basque Statute of Autonomy by proposing a free association of the Basque Country with Spain on an equal footing, including a right to self-determination.{{cite news |last=G. Torres |first=Laura |date=19 May 2008 |title=El Plan Ibarretxe |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20080519/plan-ibarretxe/57950.shtml |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=10 May 2025}}
This period also saw the controversial management of a number of crises by the Aznar government, receiving criticism over the perceived cover-up nature of its actions—frequently through denialism and diffusion of responsibility—which negatively affected its public standing and fostered a perception of arrogance in the exercise of power.{{cite news |last=Ordaz |first=Pablo |date=22 March 2021 |title=Negar la realidad y perseguir al que discrepa |url=https://elpais.com/espana/2021-03-22/negar-la-realidad-y-perseguir-al-que-discrepa.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Molina |first=Chema |date=17 November 2024 |title=Prestige, Yak-42, 11M o DANA de València: el PP repite su gestión de tragedias con mentiras y evasión de responsabilidades |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/prestige-yak-42-11m-dana-valencia-pp-repite-gestion-tragedias-mentiras-evasion-responsabilidades.html |language=es |newspaper=Público |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}} The Prestige oil spill in November 2002 saw extensive damage to the coast of Galicia, with the Spanish government being criticized for its decision to tow the ailing wreck out to sea—where it split in two—rather than allow it to take refuge in a sheltered port, which was seen as a major contributing factor to the scale of the disaster.{{cite news |date=21 June 2012 |title=Prestige oil spill trial date set 10 years after Galicia coast blighted |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2012/06/21/inenglish/1340280280_830619.html |language=en |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}} The Yak-42 crash in May 2003, with the death of all 75 occupants, saw a misidentification of bodies—with some remains being returned to the wrong relatives and others being mixed-up—as well as questions on the plane's poor condition.{{cite news |date=3 January 2017 |title=Las perlas de Trillo sobre el Yak-42 |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/perlas-trillo-sobre-yak-42.html |language=es |newspaper=Público |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}
File:Bush, Barroso, Blair, Aznar at Azores.jpg preceded the U.S. invasion of Iraq, which was unpopular among the Spanish public.]]
At the international level, the election of George W. Bush as new U.S. president and the 9/11 attacks saw Spain aligning closer to the United States, with Aznar voicing his support to Bush's missile shield, the "war on terror" declared by Bush and the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan,{{cite news |date=13 June 2001 |title=Aznar, primer líder europeo que apoya el escudo antimisiles de Bush |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2001/06/13/internacional/992383201_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Albin |first=Danilo |date=7 September 2021 |title=Aznar se apresuró a ofrecer "aviones, barcos y tropas" para atacar Afganistán poco después del 11-S |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/aznar-apresuro-ofrecer-aviones-barcos-tropas-atacar-afganistan-poco-despues-11-s.html |language=es |newspaper=Público |location=Bilbao |access-date=9 May 2025}} in exchange for U.S. support to Spain's fight against ETA's terrorism.{{cite news |agency=Europa Press |date=2 May 2002 |title=Bush ratifica su compromiso con España en la lucha contra ETA |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2002/05/02/enespecial/1020370056.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Washington D.C. |access-date=10 May 2025}} Spain's rapprochement to the United States and the United Kingdom—under then Prime Minister Tony Blair—culminated in the Azores Summit on 16 March 2003, which led to the 2003 invasion of Iraq under the alleged aim of disarming Saddam Hussein's regime of "weapons of mass destruction" (WMDs). Aznar's decision to intervene in the Iraq War proved highly unpopular,{{cite news |last=Marcos |first=Pilar |date=28 March 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/03/28/espana/1048806001_850215.html |title=El 91% de los españoles rechaza la intervención militar en Irak, según el CIS |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} sparking massive anti-war protests across the country.{{cite news |date=15 February 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2003/02/15/actualidad/1045263602_850215.html |title=Los organizadores cifran en más de tres millones los manifestantes en Madrid y Barcelona |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=10 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Nadales |first=Javier |date=15 February 2020 |url=https://www.newtral.es/el-dia-que-las-calles-clamaron-contra-la-guerra/20200215/ |title=El día que las calles clamaron contra la guerra |language=es |publisher=Newtral |access-date=10 May 2025}} The Perejil Island crisis in July 2002, which saw a squad of the Royal Moroccan Navy temporarily occupying the uninhabited island, was resolved after a bloodless military intervention by the Spanish military.{{cite news |last=Araluce |first=Gonzalo |date=9 July 2017 |title=La reconquista de Perejil como nunca se contó: hablan los 'héroes' |url=https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/grandes-historias/20170707/229477770_0.html |language=es |newspaper=El Español |access-date=11 May 2025}}
Aznar had emphasized a number of times that he only wished to serve as prime minister for two consecutive terms.{{cite news |last=Casqueiro |first=Javier |date=28 January 2000 |title=Aznar: "No deseo ser presidente continuamente más de ocho años" |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2000/01/28/espana/949014014_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}}{{cite news |date=17 March 2000 |title=Aznar optará a la presidencia del PP en el 2002 pero no se presentará a las elecciones generales del 2004 |url=https://www.servimedia.es/noticias/aznar-optara-presidencia-pp-2002-pero-no-presentara-elecciones-generales-2004/1411071056 |language=es |publisher=Servimedia |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}} In the 2002 PP congress, he confirmed his decision not to stand for re-election,{{cite news |date=26 January 2002 |title=Congreso PP. Aznar ratifica que no se presentará a las elecciones ni será presidente del PP a partir del próximo congreso |url=https://www.servimedia.es/noticias/congreso-pp-aznar-ratifica-no-presentara-elecciones-ni-sera-presidente-pp-partir-proximo-congreso/1411118389 |language=es |publisher=Servimedia |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}}{{cite news |date=26 January 2002 |title=El PP refrenda el último mandato de Aznar con un abrumador 99,6% de votos |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2002/01/26/actualidad/1012036619_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}} and in April 2002 he announced that he would be withdrawing from politics altogether in the next general election.{{cite news |date=18 April 2002 |title=Aznar anuncia que tampoco se presentará a diputado en las próximas elecciones |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2002/04/18/espana/1019080803_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}} Among the prospective successors were Jaime Mayor Oreja—who vacated his post of interior minister in order to run as lehendakari candidate in the 2001 Basque regional election—first deputy prime minister Mariano Rajoy and second deputy prime minister and economy and finance minister Rodrigo Rato.{{cite news |date=28 January 2020 |url=https://www.lasexta.com/programas/donde-estabas-entonces/mejores-momentos/en-2002-aznar-anuncio-que-dejaria-la-politica-y-comenzaba-el-juego-del-quien-es-quien-sobre-su-sucesor_202001285e3045f20cf24e2e27676424.html |title=En 2002 Aznar anunció que dejaría la política y comenzaba el juego del quién es quién sobre su sucesor |language=es |publisher=laSexta |access-date=11 May 2025}} Rato reportedly rejected twice being singled out as Aznar's successor,{{cite news |agency=Europa Press |date=17 November 2012 |title=Aznar revela que Rato rechazó dos veces ser su sucesor pero que después "cambió de opinión" |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20121117/aznar-revela-rato-rechazo-dos-veces-ser-su-sucesor-pero-despues-cambio-opinion-queria-ser-candidato/575146.shtml |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=11 May 2025}} resulting in Rajoy being selected for the position in September 2003.{{cite news |date=2 September 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2003/09/02/actualidad/1062490617_850215.html |title=Rajoy asume el legado de Aznar tras ser ratificado como candidato del PP a La Moncloa |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=27 January 2019}}{{cite news |last=Rodríguez |first=Jesús |date=13 April 2014 |url=https://elpais.com/especiales/2014/aznar-la-reinvencion-de-un-presidente/ |title=Aznar, la reinvención de un presidente |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=11 May 2025}}
Despite the growing unpopularity of Aznar's government, the PP was able to come out of the 2003 local and regional elections with limited losses.{{cite news |last=Goodman |first=Al |date=26 May 2003 |title=Voters punish Aznar on Iraq |url=https://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/05/25/spain.elections/index.html |language=en |publisher=CNN |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=26 May 2003 |url=https://www.dw.com/es/leve-castigo-para-aznar/a-878557 |title=Leve castigo para Aznar |language=es |newspaper=Deutsche Welle |access-date=11 May 2025}} The outcome of the regional election in Madrid was significant as it hinted at the formation of a left-wing government in Spain's capital region; however, the Tamayazo scandal—which saw two PSOE MPs refusing to follow party discipline—prevented the regional PSOE leader from becoming president and forced a repeat election in October, which the PP won.{{cite news |last=Martín |first=José Luis |date=29 June 2003 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/06/28/madrid/1056825603.html |title=La abstención de Tamayo y Sáez impide que Simancas sea investido |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=11 May 2025}}{{cite news |last=Mármol |first=Iolanda |date=2 May 2016 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20160502/tamayazo-unico-precedente-repeticion-electoral-espana-5103069 |title=El 'tamayazo', único precedente de repetición electoral en España |language=es |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |access-date=11 May 2025}} Shortly thereafter, the November 2003 Catalan regional election saw the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)—PSOE's sister party in Catalonia—oust Convergence and Union (CiU) from the Catalan government after 23 years of uninterrumpted rule, with a "tripartite" cabinet between PSC, Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) being formed under Pasqual Maragall.{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=15 December 2003 |title=El tripartito firma el acuerdo de gobierno que hará a Maragall presidente de la Generalitat |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/12/14/espana/1071393768.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Barcelona |access-date=11 May 2025}}{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=17 December 2003 |title=Maragall es elegido presidente de Cataluña después de 23 años de Gobierno de Jordi Pujol |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2003/12/16/espana/1071594958.html |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Barcelona |access-date=11 May 2025}}
Overview
=Electoral system=
The Spanish {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 66}}.{{cite web |url=https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=66&tipo=2 |title=Sinopsis artículo 66 |language=es |publisher=Congress of Deputies |access-date=12 September 2020 |postscript=,}} summarizing {{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 66}}. Voting for the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. I, art. 2}}.{{sfn|Carreras de Odriozola|Tafunell Sambola|2005|p=1077}}
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 68}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. III, art. 162–164}}. The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |access-date=22 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017}}
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:{{cite journal |journal=Boletín Oficial del Estado |issue=17 |date=20 January 2004 |pages=2115–2116 |issn=0212-033X |title=Real Decreto 100/2004, de 19 de enero, de disolución del Congreso de los Diputados y del Senado y de convocatoria de elecciones |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2004/01/20/pdfs/A02115-02116.pdf |language=es}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |
| width="50"| Seats
! width="600"| Constituencies |
|---|
| align="center"| 35
| Madrid{{font color|green|(+1)}} |
| align="center"| 31 |
| align="center"| 16
| Valencia |
| align="center"| 12
| Seville{{font color|red|(–1)}} |
| align="center"| 11
| Alicante |
| align="center"| 10
| Málaga |
| align="center"| 9 |
| align="center"| 8
| Asturias{{font color|red|(–1)}}, Balearic Islands{{font color|green|(+1)}}, Las Palmas{{font color|green|(+1)}} |
| align="center"| 7
| Córdoba, Granada, Pontevedra{{font color|red|(–1)}}, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
| align="center"| 6
| Badajoz, Girona{{font color|green|(+1)}}, Guipúzcoa, Jaén, Tarragona |
| align="center"| 5
| Almería, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, León, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid |
| align="center"| 4
| Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres{{font color|red|(–1)}}, La Rioja, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca |
| align="center"| 3
| Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 69}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. III, art. 162 & 165–166}}.
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislature's term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when needed, by the designated substitutes, of which the list could include up to ten.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 46 & 48}}.
=Election date=
The term of each chamber of the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}}—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. V, art. 42}}. The previous election was held on 12 March 2000, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 12 March 2004. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 17 February 2004, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} on Sunday, 11 April 2004.
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. IV, art. 115–116}}. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. IV, art. 99}}. Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of {{Currentyear}}, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
On 9 January 2004, it was announced that the general election would be held in March,{{cite news |date=10 January 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/01/10/espana/1073689207_850215.html |title=Aznar disolverá el Parlamento el día 19 y convocará elecciones para el 14 de marzo |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}{{cite news |date=20 January 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/01/20/portada/1074553202_850215.html |title=Aznar convoca las elecciones y advierte de que sería un riesgo votar al PSOE |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}} with the election date being agreed with Andalusian president Manuel Chaves to make it being held concurrently with the 2004 Andalusian regional election.{{cite news |date=10 January 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/01/10/andalucia/1073690524_850215.html |title=Chaves pacta con Aznar simultanear el 14 de marzo las elecciones andaluzas y generales |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}
The {{lang|es|Cortes Generales|italic=no}} were officially dissolved on 20 January 2004 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 14 March and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 2 April.
Parliamentary composition
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/grups.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios en el Congreso de los Diputados y el Senado |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=29 October 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html |title=Composición del Senado 1977-{{year}} |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=29 October 2022}}
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|+ Parliamentary composition in January 2004{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/web/guest/grupos/composicion-en-la-legislatura |title=Grupos parlamentarios |language=es |website=Congress of Deputies |access-date=7 December 2020}} |
| colspan="6"| Congress of Deputies |
|---|
| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Deputies |
| Seats
! Total |
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | PP | 180 | rowspan="2"| 183 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"|
| UPN | 3 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Socialist Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 107 | rowspan="2"| 124 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"|
| PSC | 17 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Catalan Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | CDC | 11 | rowspan="2"| 15 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"|
| UDC | 4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| United Left's Federal Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | IU | 8 | 8 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| Basque Parliamentary Group (EAJ/PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | EAJ/PNV | 7 | 7 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Canarian Coalition's Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | AIC | 2 | rowspan="2"| 4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Canarian Initiative}}"|
| ICAN | 2 |
| rowspan="7" bgcolor="gray"|
| rowspan="7"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"| | BNG | 3 | rowspan="7"| 9 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"|
| PA | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"|
| ERC | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}"|
| ICV | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"|
| EA | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"|
| CHA | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
| INDEP | 1{{efn|Cristina Alberdi, former PSOE legislator.{{cite news |date=17 December 2003 |title=La ex ministra Alberdi se va del PSOE tras 5 meses de disputa |url=https://www.diariocordoba.com/noticias/espana/ex-ministra-alberdi-va-psoe-5-meses-disputa_95935.html |language=es |newspaper=Diario de Córdoba |access-date=4 February 2020}}}} |
{{col-break|gap=1em}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|+ Parliamentary composition in January 2004{{cite web |url=https://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/gruposparlamentarios/gruposparlamentariosdesde1977/index.html |title=Grupos Parlamentarios desde 1977 |language=es |website=Senate of Spain |access-date=8 July 2020}} |
| colspan="6"| Senate |
|---|
| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Groups
! rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties ! colspan="2"| Senators |
| Seats
! Total |
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| rowspan="2"| People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"| | PP | 147 | rowspan="2"| 150 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Navarrese People's Union}}"|
| UPN | 3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| Socialist Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | PSOE | 67 | 67 |
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}"|
| rowspan="3"| Catalan Agreement of Progress | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}"| | PSC | 9 | rowspan="3"| 12 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"|
| ERC | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for Catalonia Greens}}"|
| ICV | 1 |
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"|
| rowspan="2"| Convergence and Union's | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Convergence of Catalonia}}"| | CDC | 7 | rowspan="2"| 10 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Union of Catalonia}}"|
| UDC | 3 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"| | EAJ/PNV | 7 | 7 |
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| rowspan="4"| Canarian Coalition Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Independent Groups}}"| | AIC | 2 | rowspan="4"| 6 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Canarian Initiative}}"|
| ICAN | 2 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Herrenian Group}}"|
| AHI | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorera Assembly}}"|
| AM | 1 |
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="gray"|
| rowspan="5"| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"| | IU | 3 | rowspan="5"| 7 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| BNG | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"|
| PAR | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"|
| PIL | 1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
| INDEP | 1{{efn|Enrique Bellido, former PP legislator.{{cite news |date=5 September 2002 |title=Bellido deja la presidencia de la Comisión de Sanidad |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2002/09/05/andalucia/1031178124_850215.html |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}}} |
{{col-end}}
Parties and candidates
=Eligibility=
Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court's decision nor convicted by a judgement, even if not yet final, which imposed a penalty of forfeiture of eligibility or of specific disqualification or suspension from public office under specific offences: rebellion, terrorism or other crimes against the state. Other general causes of ineligibility were imposed on members of the Spanish royal family; the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Prime Minister's Office, government delegations, the Social Security and other government agencies; heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations; judges and public prosecutors in active service; Armed Forces and police corps personnel in active service; members of electoral commissions; the chair of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of the Nuclear Safety Council; as well as a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned government bodies and institutions being barred from running, during their tenure of office, in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction.{{harvp|Const. Esp.|1978|loc=tit. III, ch. I, art. 70}}.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. II, art. 6}}. Disqualification provisions for the Cortes Generales extended to any employee of a foreign state and to members of regional governments, as well as the impossibility of running simultaneously as candidate for both the Congress and Senate.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. II, ch. I, art. 154}}.
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.{{harvp|LOREG|1985|loc=tit. I, ch. VI, art. 44 & tit. II, ch. V, art. 169}}.
=Main candidacies=
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) agreed to continue with the Catalan Agreement of Progress alliance for the Senate with the inclusion of United and Alternative Left (EUiA). In the Balearic Islands, PSM–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN), United Left of the Balearic Islands (EUIB), The Greens of the Balearic Islands (EVIB) and ERC formed the Progressives for the Balearic Islands alliance.{{cite news |date=24 December 2003 |title=El PSM propone a Nanda Ramon para encabezar la lista al Congreso |url=https://www.ultimahora.es/noticias/local/2003/12/24/687499/el-psm-propone-a-nanda-ramon-para-encabezar-la-lista-al-congreso.html |language=es |newspaper=Última Hora |access-date=27 January 2019}} A proposal for an all-left electoral alliance for the Senate in the Valencian Community, comprising the PSOE, United Left of the Valencian Country (EUPV) and the Valencian Nationalist Bloc (BNV), was ultimately discarded.{{cite news |date=23 October 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/10/23/cvalenciana/1066936697_850215.html |title=EU propone una lista conjunta de la izquierda para el Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}{{cite news |date=27 October 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/10/27/cvalenciana/1067285889_850215.html |title=El Bloc propone una plataforma valencianista para las elecciones |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}{{cite news |date=28 October 2003 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2003/10/28/cvalenciana/1067372287_850215.html |title=Pla estudiará la oferta de EU para ir en una lista conjunta al Senado |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=4 February 2020}}
Campaign
=Party slogans=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" |
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"| Party or alliance
! Original slogan ! English translation ! {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |
|---|
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| PP | « Juntos vamos a más » | "Together we go for more" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| PSOE | « Merecemos una España mejor » | "We deserve a better Spain" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"|
| CiU | « Duran per Catalunya: sentit comú » | "Duran for Catalonia: common sense" | {{cite news |date=26 February 2004 |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/ciu-incorpora-leslogan-prou-de-fer-mal-a-catalunya-com-a-resposta-a-lafer-carod/noticia/59336/ |title=CiU incorporà l'eslògan "Prou de fer mal a Catalunya" com a resposta a l'"afer Carod" |language=es |publisher=CCMA |access-date=24 January 2019}}{{cite news |date=27 February 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/02/27/enespecial/1077841059.html |title=Duran garantiza que PP y PSOE 'sudarán' por el apoyo de CiU |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |access-date=24 January 2019}}{{cite news |date=17 December 2015 |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/politica/20151217/carteles-electorales-convergencia-unio-elecciones-generales-4743975 |title=Los carteles de Convergència y de Unió para las elecciones generales desde 1982 |language=es |newspaper=El Periódico de Catalunya |access-date=19 February 2019}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| IU | « Con tu voto, es posible. Palabra » | "With your vote, it is possible. Promise" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| EAJ/PNV | « Tú tienes la palabra » | "You have the word" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| CC | « Gana Canarias, ganas tú » | "The Canaries win, you win" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| BNG | « Dálle un Sí a Galiza » | "Give a Yes to Galicia" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"|
| PA | « Andalucía es nuestro trabajo » | "Andalusia is our job" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"|
| ERC | « Parlant la gent s'entén » | "People understand [each other] by talking" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"|
| CHA | « Labordeta, gente como tú » | "Labordeta, people like you" |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nafarroa Bai}}"|
| NaBai | « Orain da geroa! » | "The future is now!" |
=Madrid train bombings=
{{Main|2004 Madrid train bombings|Reactions to the 2004 Madrid train bombings|Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings}}
During the peak of Madrid rush hour on the morning of Thursday, 11 March 2004, ten explosions occurred aboard four commuter trains (cercanías) between Alcalá de Henares and Atocha station, killing 193 people and injuring around 2,500, in what would become the deadliest terrorist attack carried out in the history of Spain and the deadliest in Europe since the Lockerbie bombing in 1988.{{cite news |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/12/madrid/1079094263_850215.html |title=Los atentados siembran el caos en Madrid |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/12/espana/1079046024_850215.html |title=El atentado más sangriento en Europa desde 1988 |language=es |newspaper=El País |access-date=22 March 2025}}
In response to the bombings, political parties announced the suspension of their campaigns.{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=11 March 2004 |url=https://cadenaser.com/ser/2004/03/11/espana/1078966213_850215.html |title=Los partidos suspenden la campaña electoral |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} At first, politicians from all parties—including the PSOE,{{cite news |date=11 March 2004 |url=https://cadenaser.com/ser/2004/03/11/espana/1078966213_850215.html |title=Zapatero: "Pido a los ciudadanos como reacción a ETA una masiva participación en las urnas" |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |access-date=22 March 2025}} CiU,{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=11 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/11/espana/1078996037.html |title=Duran pide a los partidos que no caigan en la tentación de instrumentalizar los atentados |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Barcelona |access-date=22 March 2025}} IU,{{cite news |last=Elordi Cué |first=Carlos |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/12/espana/1079046062_850215.html |title=Llamazares cree que la división de los demócratas sería "imperdonable" y rechaza el uso político de atentados |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Seville |access-date=22 March 2025}} PNV,{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=11 March 2004 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20040311/51262789466/ibarretxe-califica-de-monstruosidad-la-matanza-y-augura-que-eta-escribe-su-final-con-acciones-ter.html |title=Ibarretxe califica de "monstruosidad" la matanza y augura que ETA escribe su final con acciones "terribles" |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |location=Vitoria |access-date=22 March 2025}} and ERC{{cite news |author=Company, Enric |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/12/espana/1079046063_850215.html |title=Carod condena la masacre e insiste en el diálogo con ETA |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Barcelona |access-date=22 March 2025}}—blamed ETA. The Spanish government immediately claimed ETA's responsibility and dismissed any other authorship, with Prime Minister José María Aznar personally phoning newspaper editors to uphold this version at noon on the day of the attacks.{{cite news |last=Richburg |first=Keith B. |date=16 March 2024 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A64633-2004Mar16?language=printer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040405141618/http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A64633-2004Mar16?language=printer |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-04-05 |title=Spain Campaigned to Pin Blame on ETA |language=en |newspaper=The Washington Post |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |last=Vico |first=Antonio |date=2 March 2024 |url=https://cadenaser.com/nacional/2024/03/02/jesus-ceberio-exdirector-de-el-pais-aznar-intento-enganar-a-un-pais-entero-cadena-ser/ |title=Jesús Ceberio, exdirector de El País: "Aznar intentó engañar a un país entero" |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} Aznar's government also sent messages to all Spanish embassies abroad ordering that they uphold the version that ETA was responsible.{{cite news |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/13/espana/1079132403_850215.html |title=Palacio instruye a todos los embajadores para que confirmen la responsabilidad de ETA |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} However, ETA denied any involvement in the attacks,{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://cadenaser.com/ser/2004/03/12/actualidad/1079059882_850215.html |title=ETA niega en una llamada a Gara su responsabilidad en los atentados |language=es |publisher=Cadena SER |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} and evidence obtained by police and security forces started pointing to an Islamist authorship by the afternoon of 11 March: the discovery of a van containing a tape with Qur'anic verses and a claim of responsibility on behalf of al-Qaeda being published by the Al-Quds Al-Arabi London Arabic-language newspaper.{{cite news |last2=Orovio |first2=Ignacio |last1=Goyoaga |first1=Ander |date=11 March 2024 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/03/12/spain.blasts/index.html |title=Bombs were Spanish-made explosives |language=en |publisher=CNN |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |last2=Orovio |first2=Ignacio |last1=Goyoaga |first1=Ander |date=11 March 2024 |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20240311/9546373/guardia-civil-escucho-eta-8-manana-11-m-ser-moros.html |title=La Guardia Civil escuchó a ETA a las 8 de la mañana del 11-M: "Han tenido que ser los moros" |language=es |newspaper=La Vanguardia |location=Barcelona / Bilbao |access-date=22 March 2025}} The government insisted on the ETA's authorship claim into 12 March—despite the discovery that day of a detonator that did not match those used by ETA{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/12/espana/1079113329.html |title=Acebes apunta a ETA; los terroristas niegan su participación |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}—and, on the eve of the election, PP candidate Mariano Rajoy claimed in a El Mundo interview that he had "the moral conviction that it was ETA".{{cite news |agency=EFE |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/13/espana/1079151420.html |title=Mariano Rajoy: «Tengo la convicción moral de que fue ETA» |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} By that point, however, interior minister Ángel Acebes had acknowledged that the government had not "closed off any line of investigation".
File:11M - Duelo - Atocha - Madrid 04.jpg.]]
In the days previous to the election, millions of Spaniards took to the streets protesting against the bombings in massive demonstrations across the country to condem terrorism and express solidarity for the victims,{{cite news |date=12 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2004/03/12/album/1079083019_910215.html |title=Concentraciones contra los atentados de Madrid |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} but also to demand answers about the attacks—with cabinet members at the Madrid demonstration on 12 March being greeted with booing and shouts of "Who did it?"—amid growing concerns that the government was deliberately concealing evidence from the public.{{cite news |last=Ordaz |first=Pablo |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/13/espana/1079132424_850215.html |title="¿Quién ha sido?" |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=10 March 2024 |url=https://efe.com/espana/2024-03-10/11m-reconstruccion-dias-que-sobrecogieron-a-espana/ |title=11M-14M, año 2004: reconstrucción de cuatro días que sobrecogieron a España |language=es |publisher=EFE |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}
During the day of election silence on 13 March, spontaneous cell phone messages ending in the phrase pásalo (Spanish for "pass it on") invoked thousands to unofficial demonstrations in front of the ruling PP's headquarters in major cities throughout the country, blaming the attacks on Aznar's decision to engage in the Iraq War (with shouts of "your war, our dead" and "murderers").{{cite news |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/telediario-1/protestas-sedes-del-pp-atentados-del-11m/2426868/ |title=Protestas en las sedes del PP por los atentados del 11M |language=es |publisher=RTVE |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2004/03/13/actualidad/1079169429_850215.html |title=Miles de personas se concentran frente a las sedes del PP en toda España |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |last=Gil |first=Andrés |date=9 March 2024 |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/20-anos-pasalo-dia-sms-creo-marea-ciudadana-mentiras-gobierno-aznar_1_10979767.html |title=20 años del “¡Pásalo!”: el día en que un SMS creó una marea ciudadana contra las mentiras del Gobierno de Aznar |language=es |newspaper=elDiario.es |access-date=22 March 2025}} On the evening of that day, the Spanish government announced the arrest of three Moroccans and two Indians, concurrently with the discovery of a videotape from a purported al-Qaeda official claiming responsibility for the attacks.{{cite news |agency=Agencias |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/13/espana/1079203531.html |title=Al Qaeda reivindica los atentados en un vídeo hallado en Madrid |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} This stirred further anti-government unrest throughout the country demanding to "being told the truth",{{cite news |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/elpais/2004/03/12/album/1079083019_910215.html |title=Anti-government protests spring up across Spain |language=en |publisher=Reuters |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=14 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/14/espana/1079218807_850215.html |title=Miles de personas exigen en las calles españolas que se les diga la verdad antes de votar |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} which prompted Rajoy to issue a statement denouncing that the "illegal" protests constituted "undemocratic acts of pressure on tomorrow's election", and accusing the opposition PSOE of staging them.{{cite news |last1=Valerio |first1=María |last2=Bécares |first2=Roberto |last3=Fernández |first3=Helena |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2004/03/13/espana/1079200520.html |title=Miles de personas protestan en toda España contra el PP |language=es |newspaper=El Mundo |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} PSOE's Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba replied in a press briefing, rejecting Rajoy's accusations and condemning the government's handling of the crisis, revealing that party leaders had been aware for many hours that the main line of police investigation into the attacks was now pointing to Islamism—contrary to the government's public statements—and that they were never going to "use terrorism for political purposes", while also claiming that "Spanish citizens deserve a government that does not lie to them, a government that always tells them the truth".{{cite news |date=13 March 2004 |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/abci-rubalcaba-espanoles-merecen-gobierno-no-mienta-200403130300-962435761225_noticia.html |title=Rubalcaba: «Los españoles se merecen un Gobierno que no les mienta» |language=es |newspaper=ABC |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}} By the end of the night, the entire opposition was accusing the PP government of manipulating and concealing information on the bombings.{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=14 March 2004 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2004/03/14/espana/1079218841_850215.html |title=Toda la oposición acusa al Gobierno de manipular y ocultar información |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025}}
In the ensuing years, several sources would claim that the prospective electoral influence of the bombings was discussed in an emergency government meeting held on 11 March, which focused on the massacre's authorship: if ETA was proven to be responsible, it would favour the PP's hardline campaign on terrorism in a rally 'round the flag effect, but if an Islamist group appeared to have caused the blasts, people would link them to the Spanish intervention in the Iraq War and blame the PP for earning Spain enemies. Along these lines, a statement allegedly made in the meeting—and attributed by some accounts to Aznar's chief advisor, Pedro Arriola—claimed that "if it was ETA, we'll win [by a landslide]; if it was the Islamists, the PSOE shall win".{{efn|The exact wording of the sentence varies depending on the source; a more informal variation states: "if it was ETA, we wipe off the map; if it was the Islamists, we go home."{{cite news |last=Junquera |first=Natalia |date=3 February 2020 |url=https://elpais.com/politica/2020/02/01/actualidad/1580560650_656905.html |title=Margallo: “Casado no ganó las primarias. Habríamos votado a cualquiera que no fuera Soraya” |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025 |quote="El 11-M. "Si ha sido ETA, nos salimos del mapa". "Cuando al rato entraron Pedro Arriola y Paco Villar, les pregunté: 'Pero, ¿sabemos quién ha sido?'. "Todavía no" —me respondieron—. Si ha sido ETA nos salimos del mapa, pero si han sido los yihadistas, nos vamos a casa". "Preocupante diagnóstico, y certero"."}}}}{{cite news |last=Díez |first=Anabel |date=8 November 2007 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/2007/11/08/espana/1194476403_850215.html |title=El PSOE contrasta en un vídeo el bulo del PP con la sentencia del 11-M |language=es |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |access-date=22 March 2025 |quote="El vídeo incorpora las impresiones del sociólogo Pedro Arriola, asesor de Aznar, horas después del atentado, recogidas en el libro del periodista de El Mundo Casimiro García Abadillo. "Si ha sido ETA, barremos; si han sido los islamistas, gana el PSOE", opinó el experto."}}
Opinion polls
{{Main|Opinion polling for the 2004 Spanish general election}}
{{Opinion polling for the 2004 Spanish general election (Graphical summary)}}
Results
=Congress of Deputies=
{{For|results by autonomous community/constituency|Results breakdown of the 2004 Spanish general election (Congress)}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ ← Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results → | |||
| colspan="7"| File:SpainCongressDiagram2004.svg | |||
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances
! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| width="75"| Votes
! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±pp ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− | |||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 11,026,163 | 42.59 | style="color:green;"| +8.42
| 164 | style="color:green;"| +39 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| People's Party (PP) | 9,763,144 | 37.71 | style="color:red;"| –6.81
| 148 | style="color:red;"| –35 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| United Left (IU)2 | 1,284,081 | 4.96 | style="color:red;"| –0.93
| 5 | style="color:red;"| –4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"|
| align="left"| Convergence and Union (CiU) | 835,471 | 3.23 | style="color:red;"| –0.96
| 10 | style="color:red;"| –5 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 652,196 | 2.52 | style="color:green;"| +1.68
| 8 | style="color:green;"| +7 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)3 | 420,980 | 1.63 | style="color:green;"| +0.13
| 7 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Coalition (CC) | 235,221 | 0.91 | style="color:red;"| –0.16
| 3 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 208,688 | 0.81 | style="color:red;"| –0.51
| 2 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusian Party (PA) | 181,868 | 0.70 | style="color:red;"| –0.19
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"|
| align="left"| Aragonese Union (CHA) | 94,252 | 0.36 | style="color:green;"| +0.03
| 1 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Solidarity (EA)3 | 80,905 | 0.31 | style="color:red;"| –0.06
| 1 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Eco-pacifist Greens}}"| | align="left"| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 68,027 | 0.26 | style="color:green;"| +0.16
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 37,499 | 0.14 | style="color:green;"| +0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) | 30,528 | 0.12 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nafarroa Bai}}"|
| align="left"| Navarre Yes (NaBai)4 | 61,045 | 0.24 | style="color:green;"| +0.15
| 1 | style="color:green;"| +1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–Green Left (Bloc–EV) | 40,759 | 0.16 | style="color:red;"| –0.09
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Progressives for the Balearic Islands}}"|
| align="left"| Progressives for the Balearic Islands (PSM–EN, EU, EV, ER)5 | 40,289 | 0.16 | style="color:red;"| –0.06
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens for Blank Votes}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) | 40,208 | 0.16 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aralar (Basque political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) | 38,560 | 0.15 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"|
| align="left"| Aragonese Party (PAR) | 36,540 | 0.14 | style="color:red;"| –0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 34,101 | 0.13 | style="color:green;"| +0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001)}}"|
| align="left"| Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA) | 24,127 | 0.09 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Humanist Party (PH) | 21,758 | 0.08 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens of the Community of Madrid}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM) | 19,600 | 0.08 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left (Spain, 1977)}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Left (IR) | 16,993 | 0.07 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cannabis Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Cannabis Party for Legalisation and Normalisation (PCLyN) | 16,918 | 0.07 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Family and Life Party}}"|
| align="left"| Family and Life Party (PFyV) | 16,699 | 0.06 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| The Greens (Verdes) | 15,220 | 0.06 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 7,074 | 0.03 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of Asturias (Verdes) | 5,013 | 0.02 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of Extremadura (LV) | 3,133 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democracy (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| National Democracy (DN) | 15,180 | 0.06 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"|
| align="left"| Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 14,160 | 0.05 | style="color:red;"| –0.13
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 12,979 | 0.05 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Group}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) | 12,749 | 0.05 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)6 | 12,266 | 0.05 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"|
| align="left"| Majorcan Union (UM) | 10,558 | 0.04 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|La Falange (1999)}}"|
| align="left"| The Phalanx (FE) | 10,311 | 0.04 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"|
| align="left"| Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 8,866 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 8,003 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Social Movement}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Social Movement (MSR) | 6,768 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) | 5,677 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence of Democrats of Navarre}}"|
| align="left"| Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) | 5,573 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Auténtica}}"|
| align="left"| Authentic Phalanx (FA) | 4,589 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"|
| align="left"| Asturianist Party (PAS) | 4,292 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spain 2000}}"|
| align="left"| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 4,231 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) | 4,092 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"|
| align="left"| United Extremadura (EU) | 3,916 | 0.02 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed and Professionals}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) | 3,124 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for the Development of Soria}}"|
| align="left"| Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES) | 2,934 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusia Assembly}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusia Assembly (A) | 2,930 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Popular Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Popular Alternative (APCa) | 2,715 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Green Group (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| European Green Group (GVE) | 2,662 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Candidacy (Castile and León)}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) | 2,421 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Blank Seats}}"|
| align="left"| Unsubmissive Seats–Alternative of Discontented Democrats (Ei–ADD) | 2,332 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of the Democratic Karma}}"|
| align="left"| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) | 2,300 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician People's Front}}"|
| align="left"| Galician People's Front (FPG) | 2,257 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Coalition (CG) | 2,235 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alliance for Development and Nature}}"|
| align="left"| Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN) | 2,215 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Precarious Workers}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Precarious Workers (PTPRE) | 2,115 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Kingdom of Valencia Identity}}"|
| align="left"| Kingdom of Valencia Identity (IRV) | 2,111 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) | 2,082 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"|
| align="left"| Andecha Astur (AA) | 1,970 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of the Salamancan People}}"|
| align="left"| Union of the Salamancan People (UPSa) | 1,871 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV) | 1,836 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Party (1970)}}"|
| align="left"| Carlist Party (PC) | 1,813 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Romantic Mutual Support Party}}"|
| align="left"| Romantic Mutual Support Party (PMAR) | 1,561 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantabrian Nationalist Council}}"|
| align="left"| Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC) | 1,431 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"|
| align="left"| Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL) | 1,322 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Another Democracy is Possible}}"|
| align="left"| Another Democracy is Possible (ODeP) | 1,302 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Social Group}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Social Group (ASI) | 1,237 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community (PSICV) | 1,096 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Party (PRF) | 1,051 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alternative for Gran Canaria}}"|
| align="left"| Alternative for Gran Canaria (AxGC) | 957 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Alliance (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Alliance for National Unity (AUN) | 923 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia}}"|
| align="left"| Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia (A–IZ) | 901 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Positivist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) | 892 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Left}}"|
| align="left"| Asturian Left (IAS) | 854 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"|
| align="left"| Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 807 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Centrist Union (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Liberal Centrist Union (UCL) | 798 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Caló Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA) | 757 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Zamora}}"|
| align="left"| United Zamora (ZU) | 754 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of Centrists of Menorca}}"|
| align="left"| Union of Centrists of Menorca (UCM) | 751 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Struggle}}"|
| align="left"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) | 668 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Spanish Democratic Front (FDE) | 619 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Castilian Unity}}"|
| align="left"| Castilian Unity (UdCa) | 601 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Social Democratic Party}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusian Social Democratic Party (PSDA) | 583 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Maga Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| Nationalist Maga Alternative (AMAGA) | 468 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic People's Union}}"|
| align="left"| Balearic People's Union (UPB) | 411 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Nation State}}"|
| align="left"| European Nation State (N) | 410 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Workers for Democracy Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD) | 407 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Workers' Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| National Workers' Party (PNT) | 379 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Party of The People (LG) | 378 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 330 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| National Union (UN) | 318 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens' Convergence of the South-East}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE) | 308 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democratic Party of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| National Democratic Party of Spain (PDNE) | 232 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Spanish Absolute Honesty Political Group (GPHAE) | 52 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots
| 407,795 | 1.58 | ±0.00
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 25,891,299 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 350 | ±0 | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 25,891,299 | 98.99 | style="color:red;"| –0.33
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 264,137 | 1.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.33 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 26,155,436 | 75.66 | style="color:green;"| +6.95 | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 8,416,395 | 24.34 | style="color:red;"| –6.95 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 34,571,831 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | ||
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources{{cite web |url=https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ |title=Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales |language=es |publisher=Ministry of the Interior |access-date=15 April 2022}}{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2004.html |title=Elecciones Generales 14 de marzo de 2004 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=21 October 2021}} | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl
|1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party–Progressives and Extremaduran Coalition in the 2000 election. |2 United Left results are compared to the combined totals of United Left, Initiative for Catalonia–Greens and Independent Socialists of Extremadura in the 2000 election. It does not include results in the Balearic Islands. |3 Basque Nationalist Party and Basque Solidarity do not include results in Navarre. |4 Navarre Yes results are compared to the combined totals of Basque Solidarity and Basque Nationalist Party in Navarre in the 2000 election. |5 Progressives for the Balearic Islands results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Agreement, United Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of the Balearic Islands and Republican Left of Catalonia in the 2000 election, only in the Balearic Islands. |6 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.}}}} |
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|42.59}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|37.71}}
{{bar percent|IU|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|4.96}}
{{bar percent|CiU|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|3.23}}
{{bar percent|ERC|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|2.52}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.63}}
{{bar percent|CC|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|0.91}}
{{bar percent|BNG|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|0.81}}
{{bar percent|CHA|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|0.36}}
{{bar percent|EA|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.31}}
{{bar percent|NaBai|{{party color|Nafarroa Bai}}|0.24}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|3.17}}
{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|1.58}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|46.86}}
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|42.29}}
{{bar percent|CiU|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|2.86}}
{{bar percent|ERC|{{party color|Republican Left of Catalonia}}|2.29}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|2.00}}
{{bar percent|IU|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|1.43}}
{{bar percent|CC|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|0.89}}
{{bar percent|BNG|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|0.57}}
{{bar percent|CHA|{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}|0.29}}
{{bar percent|EA|{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}|0.29}}
{{bar percent|NaBai|{{party color|Nafarroa Bai}}|0.29}}
}}
=Senate=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ ← Summary of the 14 March 2004 Senate of Spain election results → | |||
| colspan="7"| File:SpainSenateDiagram2004.svg | |||
| style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="525"| Parties and alliances
! colspan="3"| Popular vote ! colspan="2"| Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| width="75"| Votes
! width="45"| % ! width="45"| ±pp ! width="35"| Total ! width="35"| +/− | |||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| People's Party (PP) | 26,639,965 | 37.92 | style="color:red;"| –7.43
| 102 | style="color:red;"| –25 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}"| | align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 25,666,070 | 36.53 | style="color:green;"| +10.13
| 81 | style="color:green;"| +28 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 25,664,516 | 36.53 | style="color:green;"| +10.13
| 81 | style="color:green;"| +28 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| For our Land (PSOE–PNC) | 1,554 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}"|
| align="left"| Catalan Agreement of Progress (PSC–ERC–ICV–EUiA) | 6,087,158 | 8.66 | style="color:green;"| +2.66
| 12 | style="color:green;"| +4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| United Left (IU) | 2,857,366 | 4.07 | style="color:red;"| –3.60
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence and Union}}"|
| align="left"| Convergence and Union (CiU) | 2,670,375 | 3.80 | style="color:red;"| –0.73
| 4 | style="color:red;"| –4 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)2 | 1,219,623 | 1.74 | style="color:green;"| +0.12
| 6 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 750,251 | 1.07 | style="color:red;"| –0.36
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusian Party}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusian Party (PA) | 487,558 | 0.69 | style="color:red;"| –0.24
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Coalition (CC) | 409,246 | 0.58 | style="color:red;"| –0.13
| 3 | style="color:red;"| –2 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Eco-pacifist Greens}}"| | align="left"| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 267,017 | 0.38 | style="color:green;"| +0.30
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) | 200,487 | 0.28 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Eco-pacifist Greens (LVEP) | 66,530 | 0.09 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Eusko Alkartasuna}}"|
| align="left"| Basque Solidarity (EA)2 | 227,665 | 0.32 | style="color:red;"| –0.09
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Chunta Aragonesista}}"|
| align="left"| Aragonese Union (CHA) | 227,065 | 0.32 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nafarroa Bai}}"|
| align="left"| Navarre Yes (NaBai)3 | 176,179 | 0.25 | style="color:green;"| +0.21
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Valencian Nationalist Bloc}}"|
| align="left"| Valencian Nationalist Bloc–Green Left (Bloc–EV) | 135,872 | 0.19 | style="color:green;"| +0.06
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aragonese Party}}"|
| align="left"| Aragonese Party (PAR) | 124,777 | 0.18 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 92,564 | 0.13 | style="color:green;"| +0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Aralar (Basque political party)}}"|
| align="left"| Aralar–Stand up (Aralar–Zutik) | 92,118 | 0.13 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Humanist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Humanist Party (PH) | 85,877 | 0.12 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Progressives for the Balearic Islands}}"|
| align="left"| Progressives for the Balearic Islands (PSM–EN, EU, EV, ER)4 | 74,842 | 0.11 | style="color:red;"| –0.11
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of Andalusia (2001)}}"|
| align="left"| Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA) | 73,843 | 0.11 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Join Action}}"|
| align="left"| Join Action (AY) | 67,356 | 0.10 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Burdened and Angry Citizens (CAyC) | 66,213 | 0.09 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals}}"|
| align="left"| Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) | 64,987 | 0.09 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cannabis Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Cannabis Party for Legalisation and Normalisation (PCLyN) | 57,312 | 0.08 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:22px;"
| rowspan="6" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Confederation of the Greens}}"| | align="left"| The Greens (Verdes) | 56,672 | 0.08 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; border-top-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of the Region of Murcia (LVRM) | 24,257 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of Asturias (Verdes) | 17,899 | 0.03 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of Extremadura (LV) | 10,948 | 0.02 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="border-bottom-style:hidden; line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens–Left Forum (LV–FI) | 2,847 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="line-height:16px;"
| align="left"| The Greens of the Canaries (Verdes) | 721 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.03
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party}}"|
| align="left"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) | 56,300 | 0.08 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Leonese People's Union}}"|
| align="left"| Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 55,587 | 0.08 | style="color:red;"| –0.12
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain}}"|
| align="left"| Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 49,495 | 0.07 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Española de las JONS (1976)}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)5 | 45,127 | 0.06 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Commoners' Land}}"|
| align="left"| Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 41,992 | 0.06 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Family and Life Party}}"|
| align="left"| Family and Life Party (PFyV) | 35,476 | 0.05 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens for Blank Votes}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) | 35,385 | 0.05 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Another Democracy is Possible}}"|
| align="left"| Another Democracy is Possible (ODeP) | 30,557 | 0.04 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens of the Community of Madrid}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens of the Community of Madrid (LVCM) | 28,788 | 0.04 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left (Spain, 1977)}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Left–Socialist Action Party (IR–PASOC) | 27,973 | 0.04 | style="color:green;"| +0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Majorcan Union}}"|
| align="left"| Majorcan Union (UM) | 27,050 | 0.04 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Traditionalist Communion}}"|
| align="left"| Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) | 23,852 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Democracy (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| National Democracy (DN) | 23,544 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Left of the Valencian Country}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 22,688 | 0.03 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Group}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) | 22,656 | 0.03 | style="color:red;"| –0.04
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Falange Auténtica}}"|
| align="left"| Authentic Phalanx (FA) | 19,413 | 0.03 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Extremadura}}"|
| align="left"| United Extremadura (EU) | 18,040 | 0.03 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Convergence of Democrats of Navarre}}"|
| align="left"| Convergence of Democrats of Navarre (CDN) | 16,946 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.02
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spanish Democratic Party}}"|
| align="left"| Spanish Democratic Party (PADE) | 15,655 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Partíu Asturianista}}"|
| align="left"| Asturianist Party (PAS) | 14,345 | 0.02 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Internationalist Struggle}}"|
| align="left"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) | 13,312 | 0.02 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Spain 2000}}"|
| align="left"| Spain 2000 (E–2000) | 13,150 | 0.02 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician People's Front}}"|
| align="left"| Galician People's Front (FPG) | 13,149 | 0.02 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Lanzarote Independents Party}}"|
| align="left"| Lanzarote Independents Party (PIL) | 11,457 | 0.02 | ±0.00
| 0 | style="color:red;"| –1 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Initiative for the Development of Soria}}"|
| align="left"| Initiative for the Development of Soria (IDES) | 10,884 | 0.02 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed and Professionals}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Self-employed and Professionals (AUTONOMO) | 10,647 | 0.02 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Carlist Party (1970)}}"|
| align="left"| Carlist Party (PC) | 10,487 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country}}"|
| align="left"| Salamanca–Zamora–León–PREPAL (PREPAL) | 10,434 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Blank Seats}}"|
| align="left"| Unsubmissive Seats–Alternative of Discontented Democrats (Ei–ADD) | 9,040 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Self-employed, Retirees and Widows (PAE) | 8,673 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andalusia Assembly}}"|
| align="left"| Andalusia Assembly (A) | 8,355 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Nationalist Party (PNC) | 8,047 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alliance for Development and Nature}}"|
| align="left"| Alliance for Development and Nature (ADN) | 7,807 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Andecha Astur}}"|
| align="left"| Andecha Astur (AA) | 7,665 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|La Falange (1999)}}"|
| align="left"| The Phalanx (FE) | 7,603 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.05
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Party of The People (LG) | 7,507 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|The Greens–Green Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV) | 7,382 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.07
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Candidacy (Castile and León)}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Candidacy–The Party of Castile and León (CI–PCL) | 7,362 | 0.01 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of the Salamancan People}}"|
| align="left"| Union of the Salamancan People (UPSa) | 6,495 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of Precarious Workers}}"|
| align="left"| Party of Precarious Workers (PTPRE) | 6,171 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Nation State}}"|
| align="left"| European Nation State (N) | 5,982 | 0.01 | style="color:green;"| +0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cantabrian Nationalist Council}}"|
| align="left"| Cantabrian Nationalist Council (CNC) | 5,526 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|25 May Citizens' Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| 25 May Citizens' Alternative (AC25M) | 5,360 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of the Democratic Karma}}"|
| align="left"| Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD) | 5,099 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Social Democratic Party of the Valencian Community (PSICV) | 5,078 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Canarian Popular Alternative}}"|
| align="left"| Canarian Popular Alternative (APCa) | 4,853 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Asturian Left}}"|
| align="left"| Asturian Left (IAS) | 4,474 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of Menorca}}"|
| align="left"| Socialist Party of Menorca–Nationalist Agreement (PSM–EN) | 4,242 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Republican Party (PRF) | 4,206 | 0.01 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Galician Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Galician Coalition (CG) | 4,173 | 0.01 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Caló Nationalist Party}}"|
| align="left"| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA) | 3,356 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Kingdom of Valencia Identity}}"|
| align="left"| Kingdom of Valencia Identity (IRV) | 3,342 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Romantic Mutual Support Party}}"|
| align="left"| Romantic Mutual Support Party (PMAR) | 3,277 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Clean Hands Project (PML) | 3,179 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia}}"|
| align="left"| Left Assembly–Initiative for Andalusia (A–IZ) | 3,052 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|United Zamora}}"|
| align="left"| United Zamora (ZU) | 2,992 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives}}"|
| align="left"| Party Association of Widows and Legal Wives (PAVIEL) | 2,950 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Pacte Progressista}}"|
| align="left"| Progressives for Ibiza and Formentera (EU–ENE–ERC) | 2,876 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent Social Group}}"|
| align="left"| Independent Social Group (ASI) | 2,620 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Castilian Unity}}"|
| align="left"| Castilian Unity (UdCa) | 2,463 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Alliance (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Alliance for National Unity (AUN) | 2,338 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Liberal Centrist Union (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Liberal Centrist Union (UCL) | 2,155 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| New Force (FN) | 2,096 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta}}"|
| align="left"| Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,904 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Natural Culture}}"|
| align="left"| Natural Culture (CN) | 1,767 | 0.00 | style="color:red;"| –0.01
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| The Republic (La República) | 1,686 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Alternative for Gran Canaria}}"|
| align="left"| Alternative for Gran Canaria (AxGC) | 1,672 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Party of El Bierzo}}"|
| align="left"| Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 1,640 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Immigrants with the Right to Equality and Obligations (INDIO) | 1,587 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Positivist Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| Christian Positivist Party (PPCr) | 1,297 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Regionalist Party of Guadalajara}}"|
| align="left"| Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 1,142 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Workers for Democracy Coalition}}"|
| align="left"| Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD) | 1,074 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Union of Centrists of Menorca}}"|
| align="left"| Union of Centrists of Menorca (UCM) | 802 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|European Green Group (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| European Green Group (GVE) | 795 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Initiative for La Palma (INPA) | 722 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|National Workers' Party (Spain)}}"|
| align="left"| National Workers' Party (PNT) | 508 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| National Union (UN) | 505 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Citizens' Convergence of the South-East}}"|
| align="left"| Citizens' Convergence of the South-East (CCSE) | 366 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| New Spanish Republicans (NRUP) | 220 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Cives}}"|
| align="left"| Cives (Cives) | 199 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Balearic People's Union}}"|
| align="left"| Balearic People's Union (UPB) | 98 | 0.00 | ±0.00
| 0 | ±0 |
| bgcolor="white"|
| align="left"| Digital Citizens from Castelnou (CDC) | 79 | 0.00 | New
| 0 | ±0 |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Blank ballots{{efn|The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.}}
| 679,816 | 2.67 | style="color:red;"| –0.15
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total | 70,258,035 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"|
| 208 | ±0 | |
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="2"| Valid votes
| 25,426,107 | 97.09 | style="color:red;"| –0.42
| bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2" rowspan="5"| | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 761,055 | 2.91 | style="color:green;"| +0.42 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout | 26,187,162 | 75.75 | style="color:green;"| +6.92 | |
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 8,384,669 | 24.25 | style="color:red;"| –6.92 | |
| style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Registered voters | 34,571,831 | bgcolor="#E9E9E9" colspan="2"| | ||
| colspan="7" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"| | |||
| align="left" colspan="7"| Sources{{cite web |url=https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e2004comp.html#s |title=Elecciones al Senado 2004 |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=24 September 2017}} | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:left; max-width:790px;"| {{hidden|ta1=left|title=Footnotes:|content={{ubl
| 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party results are compared to the combined totals of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Progressive Pact in the 2000 election. | 2 Basque Nationalist Party and Basque Solidarity do not include results in Navarre. | 3 Navarre Yes results are compared to the combined totals of Basque Solidarity and Basque Nationalist Party in Navarre in the 2000 election. | 4 Progressives for the Balearic Islands results are compared to the combined totals of Socialist Party of Majorca–Nationalist Agreement, United Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of the Balearic Islands and Republican Left of Catalonia in the 2000 election, only in the Balearic Islands. | 5 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO results are compared to Independent Spanish Phalanx–Phalanx 2000 totals in the 2000 election.}}}} |
{{bar box
|title=Popular vote
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|37.92}}
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|36.53}}
{{bar percent|ECdP|{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}|8.66}}
{{bar percent|IU|{{party color|United Left (Spain)}}|4.07}}
{{bar percent|CiU|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|3.80}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|1.74}}
{{bar percent|BNG|{{party color|Galician Nationalist Bloc}}|1.07}}
{{bar percent|CC|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|0.58}}
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|4.67}}
{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|2.67}}
}}
{{bar box
|title=Seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=550px
|barwidth=500px
|bars=
{{bar percent|PP|{{party color|People's Party (Spain)}}|49.04}}
{{bar percent|PSOE|{{party color|Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}|38.94}}
{{bar percent|ECdP|{{party color|Catalan Agreement of Progress}}|5.77}}
{{bar percent|EAJ/PNV|{{party color|Basque Nationalist Party}}|2.88}}
{{bar percent|CiU|{{party color|Convergence and Union}}|1.92}}
{{bar percent|CC|{{party color|Canarian Coalition}}|1.44}}
}}
=Maps=
File:2004 Spanish general election map.svg|Election results by constituency (Congress).
File:2004 Spanish election - Results.svg|Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress).
File:2004 Spanish election - AC results.svg|Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress).
Aftermath
=Government formation=
{{See|First government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| Investiture José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE) |
| colspan="2" width="150px"| Ballot →
! 16 April 2004 |
|---|
| colspan="2"| Required majority →
| 176 out of 350 {{tick|15}} |
| width="1px" style="background:green;"|
| align="left"| {{Collapsible list | title = Yes | • PSOE (164) | • ERC (8) | • CC (3) | • BNG (2) | • CHA (1) }} | {{Composition bar|183|350|green|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:red;"|
| align="left"| {{Collapsible list | title = No | • PP (148) }} | {{Composition bar|148|350|red|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:gray;"|
| align="left"| {{Collapsible list | title = Abstentions | • CiU (10) | • PNV (7) | • EA (1) | • NaBai (1) }} | {{Composition bar|19|350|gray|width=125px}} |
| style="color:inherit;background:black;"|
| align="left"| Absentees | {{Composition bar|0|350|black|width=125px}} |
| align="left" colspan="3"| Sources{{cite web |url=http://www.historiaelectoral.com/congresovota.html |title=Congreso de los Diputados: Votaciones más importantes |language=es |website=Historia Electoral.com |access-date=28 September 2017}} |
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite act |italics=y |title=Constitución Española |type=Spanish Constitution |date=29 December 1978 |orig-date=version as of 28 August 1992 |reporter=Boletín Oficial del Estado |volume=311 |issn=0212-033X |id=BOE-A-1978-31229 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229&tn=1&p=19920828 |access-date=27 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|Const. Esp.|1978}}}}
- {{cite act |italics=y |title=Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General |type=Organic Law |number=5/1985 |date=19 June 1985 |orig-date=version as of 29 November 2003 |reporter=Boletín Oficial del Estado |volume=147 |issn=0212-033X |id=BOE-A-1985-11672 |language=es |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=20031129 |access-date=28 December 2016 |ref={{harvid|LOREG|1985}}}}
- {{cite book |last1=Carreras de Odriozola |first1=Albert |last2=Tafunell Sambola |first2=Xavier |year=2005 |orig-year=1989 |title=Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX |url=http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |language=es |volume=1 |location=Bilbao |publisher=Fundación BBVA |pages=1072–1097 |edition=II |isbn=84-96515-00-1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}}
- {{cite journal |last=Chari |first=Raj |date=November 2004 |title=The 2004 Spanish Election: Terrorism as a Catalyst for Change? |journal=West European Politics |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=954–963 |doi=10.1080/0140238042000283247 |s2cid=154342689}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Spanish elections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:General election in Spain, 2004}}