FeliCa
{{Short description|Contactless RFID smart card system}}
FeliCa is a contactless RFID smart card system from Sony in Japan, primarily used in electronic money cards. The name stands for Felicity Card. First utilized in the Octopus card system in Hong Kong,[http://www.sony.net/Products/felica/ Sony Global – FeliCa] the technology is used in a variety of cards also in countries such as Singapore, Japan, Indonesia, Macau, the Philippines and the United States.
Technology
Image:Defaced EZ-Link Card.jpg) card, revealing its internal circuitry]]
FeliCa's encryption key is dynamically generated each time mutual authentication is performed, preventing fraud such as impersonation.
FeliCa is externally powered, i.e. it does not need a battery to operate. The card uses power supplied from the special FeliCa card reader when the card comes in range. When the data transfer is complete, the reader will stop the supply of power.
FeliCa was proposed for ISO/IEC 14443 Type C but was rejected.{{Citation needed|date=March 2014}} However, ISO/IEC 18092 (Near Field Communication) uses some similar modulation methods. It uses Manchester coding at 212 kbit/s in the 13.56 MHz range. A proximity of 10 centimeters or less is required for communication.
FeliCa complies with JIS: X6319-4: Specification of implementation for integrated circuit(s) cards - Part 4: High speed proximity cards. The standard is regulated by [http://www.jicsap.com/ JICSAP] (Japan IC Card System Application Council).
The [http://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/files/epfiles/CRP165.pdf UK IT security evaluation and certification scheme] provides more detail as to the internal architecture of the FeliCa card (RC-S860). FeliCa IC card (hardware) and its operating system has obtained ISO15408 Evaluation Assurance Level 4 (EAL4), a standard which indicates the security level of information technology and consumer products.
FeliCa is also included as a condition of the NFC Forum Specification Compliance.[http://www.nfc-forum.org/resources/faqs#h Frequently Asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527125754/http://www.nfc-forum.org/resources/faqs/#h |date=2011-05-27 }}. NFC Forum. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
A new version of FeliCa IC chip was announced in June 2011 and had enhanced security adopting the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption.[http://www.japantoday.com/category/technology/view/sony-to-launch-next-generation-felica-contactless-ic-chip Sony to launch next generation FeliCa contactless IC chip ‹ Japan Today: Japan News and Discussion]. Japantoday.com (2011-06-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-16. Sony claimed the next generation chip would have a higher performance, reliability and lower power consumption.[http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/201106/11-066E/index.html Sony Global - Sony to launch next generation FeliCa contactless IC chip]. sony.net. Retrieved on 2013-08-16. The newest generation of the technology was announced by Sony in 2020, which introduced higher{{What|date=January 2025}} levels of encryption and additional security options{{Example needed|date=January 2025}} to meet market needs.[https://www.sony.net/Products/felica/business/information/200908.html Sony Corporation - Sony to launch next-generation FeliCa contactless IC chip]. sony.net. Retrieved on 2022-06-23.
Reliability
FeliCa supports simultaneous access of up to 8 blocks (1 block is 16 octets). If an IC card is moved outside of the power-supplied area during the session, the FeliCa card automatically discards incomplete data to restore the previous state.
Mobile FeliCa
Mobile FeliCa is a modification of FeliCa for use in mobile phones by FeliCa Networks[http://www.felicanetworks.co.jp/], a subsidiary company of both NTT DoCoMo and Sony. DoCoMo has developed a wallet phone concept based on Mobile FeliCa and has developed a wide network of partnerships and business models. au and SoftBank (former Vodafone Japan) have also licensed mobile FeliCa from FeliCa Networks.
The {{nihongo|Osaifu-Keitai|おサイフケータイ}} system (literal translation: "wallet-phone") was developed by NTT DoCoMo, and introduced in July 2004 and later licensed to Vodafone and au, which introduced the product in their own mobile phone ranges under the same name. Using Osaifu-Keitai, multiple FeliCa systems (such as Suica and Edy) can be accessed from a single mobile phone. On January 28, 2006, au introduced Mobile Suica which is used primarily on the railway networks owned by JR East.
On September 7, 2016, Apple announced Apple Pay now features FeliCa technology. Users who purchased iPhone 7 or Apple Watch Series 2 in Japan can now add Suica cards into their Apple Pay wallets and tap their devices just like regular Suica cards.{{Cite web |url=https://www.apple.com/jp/apple-pay/|title=Apple Pay|access-date=2016-09-07}}{{cite web|title=Using Suica on iPhone or Apple Watch in Japan|url=https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT207154|publisher=Apple Inc.|access-date=2017-07-27}} Users can either transfer the balance from a physical Suica card to the Apple Pay wallet, or create a virtual Suica card in the wallet from the JR East application.{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/jp/apple-pay/getting-started/|title=Apple Pay Getting Started|access-date=2016-09-07}} On September 12, 2017, Apple announced new iPhone 8, iPhone X, and Apple Watch Series 3 models featuring "Global FeliCa", i.e. NFC-F and licensed FeliCa middleware incorporated in all devices sold worldwide, not just ones sold in Japan.{{Cite web|url=https://atadistance.net/2017/09/12/iphone-x-keynote-global-felica/|title=iPhone X Keynote: Global FeliCa and Why It's Important|date=12 September 2017 |access-date=2017-09-18}}
On October 9, 2018, Google announced that its latest Pixel device, the Pixel 3, would support FeliCa in models purchased in Japan. This feature enables support for WAON, Suica, and various other FeliCa-based services through Google Pay and the Osaifu-Keitai system. Successor models including the 3a and 4 have the same support of Mobile Felica in Japan-sold models.
Consumer reader/writer devices
Image:Sony PaSoRi RC-S320.jpeg
Sony has built a FeliCa reader/writer known as "FeliCa Port" into their VAIO PC line. Using the device, FeliCa cards can be used over the Internet for shopping and charging FeliCa cards.
An external USB FeliCa PC reader/writer has been released as well, called PaSoRi. It is USB-powered and allows one to perform online transactions and top up EZ-link cards in Singapore with credit cards or debit cards anywhere, as long as there is direct access to the Internet.
The Sony PaSoRi Reader is not compatible with the new ez-link cards.{{cite web|last1=EZ-Link Pte Ltd|title=EZ-Online|url=http://services.ezlink.com.sg/ez-online/ezonline_main.jsp|website=EZ-Link|access-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129083542/http://services.ezlink.com.sg/ez-online/ezonline_main.jsp|archive-date=29 January 2013|url-status=dead}}
Card usage
- United States University Campuses (in collaboration with Blackboard Inc.)[https://archive.today/20130118071010/http://www.blackboard.com/About-Bb/News-Center/Press-Releases.aspx?releaseid=1073992 About Bb | Press Releases]. Blackboard. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
- Octopus cards, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen TransCard, Shenzhen, China (defunct; however, Hu Tong Xing uses FeliCa{{Cite web |title=身份识别＋便捷支付 “互通行”（前海）卡将着力实现深港一卡通行_新闻中心_物联网世界 |url=https://www.iotworld.com.cn/html/News/201602/f2eeb929a6afe140.shtml |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=www.iotworld.com.cn |language=zh}})
- Unified Automatic Fare Collection Scheme completed by Q4 2009, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- EZ-link, Singapore (until 2009{{cite press release | url = https://www.ezlink.com.sg/2009/01/08/mass-ez-link-card-replacement-begins/ | title = Mass EZ-Link card replacement begins | publisher = EZ-Link | year = 2009}})
- Airport Rail Link (Bangkok), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bangladesh:
- Rapid Pass, a multipurpose payment card for public transport.{{Cite web |date=August 2018 |title=Project for Establishment of Clearing House for Integrating Transport Ticketing System in Dhaka City Area: Project Final Report |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/1000042502.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=Japan International Cooperation Agency}}
- SPASS card, Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.{{Cite web |title=SPass |url=http://www.spass.com.bd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213181527/http://www.spass.com.bd/ |archive-date=13 February 2010 |website=SPass}}
- Indonesia:
- Multi-Trip Card (KMT), KRL Commuterline Greater Jakarta[http://www.krl.co.id/BERITA-TERKINI/pt-kai-commuter-jabodetabek-cooperates-with-sony-felica-to-improve-jakarta-commuter-trains-e-ticketing-system.html PT KAI COMMUTER JABODETABEK COOPERATES WITH SONY FELICA TO IMPROVE JAKARTA COMMUTER TRAINS’ E-TICKETING SYSTEM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206064543/http://www.krl.co.id/BERITA-TERKINI/pt-kai-commuter-jabodetabek-cooperates-with-sony-felica-to-improve-jakarta-commuter-trains-e-ticketing-system.html |date=2015-02-06 }}. KAI Commuter Jabodetabek. Retrieved 2015-02-06. and Surakarta-Yogyakarta
- Dompetku D-Tap, Indosat Ooredoo[https://indosatooredoo.com/en/about-indosat/corporate-profile/press-release/indosat-luncurkan-d-tap Indosat Ooredoo Launches "D-Tap"] Indosat Ooredoo. Retrieved 2015-08-13)
- Jelajah (e-Ticket), Jakarta MRT
- Jak Lingko, integrated card for Transjakarta, Jakarta MRT, KRL Commuterline Jakarta, Jakarta LRT, and Soekarno–Hatta Airport Rail Link{{Cite news |last=Lesmana |first=Hendro |date=13 January 2022 |title=Kartu Multi Trip Commuter Line Resmi Bisa Digunakan di Seluruh Transportasi Jakarta |work=Cakruk |url=http://cakruk.com/kartu-multi-trip-commuter-line-resmi-bisa-digunakan-di-seluruh-transportasi-jakarta/ |access-date=20 January 2022}}
- Japan: The system is de facto standard in Japan.
- Electronic money or mobile payment:
- Edy, Rakuten Edy
- {{ill|iD (Credit Payment Service)|lt=iD|ja|iD (クレジット決済サービス)}}, NTT Docomo (also deployed to a limited degree in Guam and China)
- nanaco, Seven & I Holdings Co.
- Osaifu Keitai
- {{ill|QUICPay|ja}}, Japan Credit Bureau
- WAON, AEON Group
- Public transportation payment: (Some can be used as electronic money as well.)
- Major cards:
- Hayakaken, Fukuoka City Subway
- ICOCA, JR West
- Kitaca, JR Hokkaidō
- Manaca, Meitetsu, public transportation in Tōkai region (includes Nagoya)
- nimoca, railways and buses in Kyushu
- PASMO, railways and buses in Kantō region (includes Tokyo)
- PiTaPa, railways and buses in Kansai region
- SUGOCA, JR Kyūshū
- Suica, JR East
- TOICA, JR Central
- See the table below for other cards.
Integrated services in Japan
{{See also|Nationwide Mutual Usage Service}}
As FeliCa is the de facto smart card ticketing system standard in Japan, many of these cards have integrated services. A particular region/operator may accept multiple cards.
The table below shows the integrated services FeliCa cards have for each Japanese region.
:A: The area accepts all functions of the card, including electronic money function. (There may be subtle differences between each area.)
:B: The area accepts basic functions of the card, but not some functions such as electronic money or auto recharging.
:A: The area will introduce the new card in the future.
:F: The area will accept the card in future.
{{sticky header}}
| class="wikitable sticky-header" | |||||||||
| Area
! Operator 1 ! style="background:lightgreen;" | Suica ! style="background:lavenderblush;" | PASMO ! style="background:lightblue;" | ICOCA ! style="background:lavender;" | PiTaPa ! style="background:lightcyan;" | TOICA ! style="background:pink;" | SUGOCA ! style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| Others | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kitami | {{ill|Hokkaidō Kitami Bus|ja|北海道北見バス|vertical-align=sup}} | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Bus Card|ja|バスカード (北海道北見バス)|vertical-align=sup}}) | |||||||
| rowspan=2 | Sapporo | JR Hokkaidō | style="background:lightgreen;" | B | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Kitaca) | ||||||
| Sapporo CTB | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (SAPICA) | ||||||||
| Sendai | rowspan=2 | JR East | rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;" | A | rowspan=2 style="background:lavenderblush;" | A | rowspan=2 style="background:lightblue;" | B | rowspan=2 | F | rowspan=2 style="background:lightcyan;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:pink;" | A | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Kitaca) | |
| rowspan=2 |Niigata | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Kitaca) | ||||||||
| Niigata Kotsu | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (RYUTO) | ||||||||
| Toyama | Toyama Light Rail | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (passca) | |||||||
| Ishikawa | Hokuriku Railroad | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (ICa) | |||||||
| rowspan=3 | Greater Tokyo Area | JR East | rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;" | A | rowspan=2 style="background:lavenderblush;" | A | style="background:lightblue;" | B | F | style="background:lightcyan;" | B | style="background:pink;" | A | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Kitaca) | |
| Private operators | |||||||||
| Tōkyū Setagaya Line | rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:lavenderblush;" | B | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Setamaru|ja|せたまる|vertical-align=sup}}) | ||||||
| Yamanashi | Yamanashi Kōtsū | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Bus IC Card|ja|バスICカード (山梨交通)|vertical-align=sup}}) | |||||||
| rowspan=3 | Shizuoka | Shizutetsu Group | style="background:lightblue;" | B | style="background:lavender;" | A | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (LuLuCa) | |||||
| Entetsu Group | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (NicePass) | ||||||||
| rowspan=2 | JR Central | rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:lightblue;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:lightcyan;" | A | rowspan=2 style="background:pink;" | B | |||||
| rowspan=3 | Greater Nagoya | |||||||||
| Meitetsu, TBC Nagoya, Toyotetsu | F | F | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"|A (Manaca) | ||||||
| Kintetsu | F | style="background:lightblue;" | B | style="background:lavender;" | A | ||||||
| Area
! Operator 1 ! style="background:lightgreen;" | Suica ! style="background:lavenderblush;" | PASMO ! style="background:lightblue;" | ICOCA ! style="background:lavender;" | PiTaPa ! style="background:lightcyan;" | TOICA ! style="background:pink;" | SUGOCA ! style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| Others | |||||||||
| rowspan=5 | Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto | JR West | style="background:lightgreen;" | B | style="background:lightblue;" | A | style="background:lavender;" | B | style="background:lightcyan;" | B | style="background:pink;" | B | |||
| Private operators | rowspan=6 | F | rowspan=6 style="background:lightblue;" | B | rowspan=6 style="background:lavender;" | A | ||||||
| {{ill|Nara Kōtsū|ja|奈良交通|vertical-align=sup}} | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|CI-CA|ja|vertical-align=sup}}) | ||||||||
| {{ill|Itami CTB|ja|伊丹市交通局|vertical-align=sup}} | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Itappy|ja|vertical-align=sup}}) | ||||||||
| rowspan=2 | Shinki Bus | rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|NicoPa|ja|vertical-align=sup}}) | ||||||||
| rowspan=3 | Okayama | |||||||||
| Private operators | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Hareca) | ||||||||
| rowspan=2 | JR West | rowspan=2 style="background:lightgreen;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:lightblue;" | A | rowspan=2 style="background:lavender;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:lightcyan;" | B | rowspan=2 style="background:pink;" | B | ||||
| rowspan=2 | Hiroshima | |||||||||
| Private operators | style="background:lightblue;" | B | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (PASPY) | |||||||
| Kagawa | Kotoden Group | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (IruCa) | |||||||
| Ehime | Iyo Railway | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (IC e-card) | |||||||
| rowspan=4 | Fukuoka | Nishitetsu | rowspan="3" style="background:lightgreen;" | A | rowspan="3" style="background:pink;" | A | style="background:lightgrey;"| A (nimoca) | rowspan="3" style="background:lightgrey;"|A (Hayakaken)[http://www.nimoca.jp/home/other/shar.html nimoca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706215111/http://www.nimoca.jp/home/other/shar.html |date=2010-07-06 }}. Nimoca.jp. Retrieved on 2013-08-16. | ||||
| JR Kyūshū | style="background:lightblue;"| B | style="background:lightcyan;"| B | style="background:lightgrey;" rowspan="2"| B (nimoca) | ||||||
| Fukuoka CTB | |||||||||
| {{ill|Kitakyūshū CTB|ja|北九州市交通局|vertical-align=sup}} | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Himawari Bus Card) | ||||||||
| Nagasaki | Private operators | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Nagasaki Smart Card) | |||||||
| Oita | {{ill|Oita Bus|ja|大分バス|vertical-align=sup}}, {{ill|Oita Kōtsū|ja|大分交通|vertical-align=sup}}, {{ill|Kamenoi Bus|ja|亀の井バス|vertical-align=sup}} | style="background:lightgreen;"| A | style="background:pink;"| A | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (Mejiron nimoca) | |||||
| Miyazaki | {{ill|Miyazaki Kōtsū|ja|宮崎交通|vertical-align=sup}} | colspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Miyakō Busca|ja|宮交バスカ|vertical-align=sup}}) | |||||||
| rowspan=2 | Kagoshima | Kagoshima CTB | rowspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A (RapiCa) | rowspan="2" style="background:lightgrey;"| A ({{ill|Iwasaki IC Card|ja|いわさきICカード|vertical-align=sup}}) | ||||||
| {{ill|Iwasaki|ja|いわさきコーポレーション|vertical-align=sup}} Group | |||||||||
| Area
! Operator ! style="background:lightgreen;" | Suica ! style="background:lavenderblush;" | PASMO ! style="background:lightblue;" | ICOCA ! style="background:lavender;" | PiTaPa ! style="background:lightcyan;" | TOICA ! style="background:pink;" | SUGOCA ! style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"| Others |
:A few cards can be used as electronic money in some unmarked areas.
:1: In many cases, there are multiple operators accepting the same card in the same area. See each card article for the full listing.
Notes
External links
- [http://www.sony.net/Products/felica/ Official homepage]
{{Sony Corp}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Felica}}