Foreign policy of the second Donald Trump administration

Within his first week in office in January 2025, President Donald Trump signed several executive orders reflecting the priorities of his administration. These included Executive Order 14147, directing agencies to identify and eliminate politically motivated conduct;{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14147 – Ending the Weaponization of the Federal Government |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/28/2025-01900/ending-the-weaponization-of-the-federal-government |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register}} Executive Order 14148, rescinding executive actions from the previous administration;{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14148 – Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/28/2025-01901/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register}} and Executive Order 14149, prohibiting the use of federal resources for censorship and directing a review of past government communication policies.{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14149 – Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/28/2025-01902/restoring-freedom-of-speech-and-ending-federal-censorship |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register}} He also declared a national energy emergency to boost domestic production (Executive Order 14156);{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14156 – Declaring a National Energy Emergency |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/declaring-a-national-energy-emergency/ |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=The White House}} initiated withdrawal from the Paris Agreement (Executive Order 14162);{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14162 – Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-america-first-in-international-environmental-agreements/ |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=The White House}} and signed Executive Order 14160, which aimed to challenge the current interpretation of birthright citizenship under the 14th Amendment.{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14160 – Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/31/2025-02097/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register}} Additional actions included reinstating the name "Mount McKinley" (Executive Order 14172);{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14172 – Restoring Names That Honor American Greatness |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/restoring-names-that-honor-american-greatness/ |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=The White House}} and issuing guidance to combat antisemitism in educational institutions and federal agencies (Executive Order 14188).{{Cite web |title=Executive Order 14188 – Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/03/2025-02230/additional-measures-to-combat-anti-semitism |access-date=April 5, 2025 |website=Federal Register}}

{{further|Second cabinet of Donald Trump|Political appointments of the second Trump administration

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{{Main|Democratic Republic of the Congo–United States relations}}

Secretary of State Marco Rubio condemned the Rwandan–backed Goma offensive in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, affirming that the U.S. supports the Congolese sovereignty in a phone call with DRC President Félix Tshisekedi.{{Cite web |title=Secretary Rubio's Call with Democratic Republic of the Congo's President Tshisekedi |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=January 27, 2025 |url=https://www.state.gov/secretary-rubios-call-with-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-president-tshisekedi/ }} Rubio called for an immediate ceasefire on January 28, 2025, after a phone conversation with Rwanda President Paul Kagame, and for all parties to respect sovereign territorial integrity.{{Cite web |last=Godfrey |first=Paul |title=U.S. calls for Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda to reach urgent cease-fire |work=UPI |date=January 29, 2025 |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2025/01/29/urges-immediate-DRC-cease-fire/6101738143291/ |access-date=January 29, 2025}}

{{Main|Lesotho–United States relations}}

During his speech to a joint session of Congress in March 2025, Trump said that the United States had previously spent $8 million "to promote LGBTQI+ in the African nation of Lesotho, which nobody has ever heard of."{{cite news |last1=Peyton |first1=Nellie |title=Lesotho insulted after Trump says nobody has heard of the country |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/lesotho-insulted-after-trump-says-nobody-has-heard-country-2025-03-05/ |work=Reuters |date=March 6, 2025 |access-date=March 14, 2025}} Lesotho criticized the remarks, calling them "quite insulting."{{Cite news |last=Peyton |first=Nellie |date=March 5, 2025 |title=Lesotho insulted after Trump says nobody has heard of the country |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/lesotho-insulted-after-trump-says-nobody-has-heard-country-2025-03-05/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250305173631/https://www.reuters.com/world/lesotho-insulted-after-trump-says-nobody-has-heard-country-2025-03-05/ |archive-date=March 5, 2025 |access-date=March 5, 2025 |work=Reuters}}

{{Main|South Africa–United States relations|White South African refugee program}}

On February 6, 2025, Secretary of State Rubio announced that he would not attend the G20 summit in Johannesburg, citing South Africa's "controversial land expropriation law" as one of his reasons.{{cite news |title=US top diplomat Rubio to skip G20 over 'anti-Americanism' |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/6/rubio-trumps-top-diplomat-to-skip-g20-over-anti-americanism |access-date=February 19, 2025 |work=Al Jazeera English |date=February 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211225338/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/6/rubio-trumps-top-diplomat-to-skip-g20-over-anti-americanism |archive-date=February 11, 2025}} The following day, President Trump issued an Executive Order to suspend any aid or assistance to South Africa, citing South Africa's expropriation law which allegedly discriminated against Afrikaners.{{cite web |title=Addressing Egregious Actions of the Republic of South Africa |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/addressing-egregious-actions-of-the-republic-of-south-africa/ |publisher=The White House |access-date=February 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217194535/https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/addressing-egregious-actions-of-the-republic-of-south-africa/ |archive-date=February 17, 2025 |date=February 7, 2025 |url-status=live}} In that same executive order, he said that the U.S. would promote the resettlement of "Afrikaner refugees escaping government-sponsored race-based discrimination, including racially discriminatory property confiscation," and grant Afrikaners rapid pathways to citizenship.{{Cite web |last=Hansler |first=Jennifer |date=2025-05-12 |title=White South Africans granted refugee status by Trump administration arrive in US |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/12/politics/white-south-africans-refugee-status-arrive-us |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}

In response, South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation spokesperson Chrispin Phiri denounced the decision, saying it was insensitive towards South Africa's historical experience with colonialism and Apartheid and added it was based on misinformation and propaganda.{{cite news |last1=Ueberbach |first1=Stephan |title=Südafrika zwischen Verwunderung und Empörung |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/afrika/suedafrika-trump-100.html|access-date=February 19, 2025 |work=Tageschau |date=February 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111911/https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/afrika/suedafrika-trump-100.html |archive-date=February 14, 2025|url-status=live}} During his annual State of the Nation Address, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa reiterated that South Africa "will not be intimidated or pushed around."{{cite web |title=State of the Nation Address by President Cyril Ramaphosa |url=https://www.stateofthenation.gov.za/assets/downloads/SONA_2025_Speech.pdf |website=www.stateofthenation.gov.za/ |publisher=South African Government |access-date=February 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212000313/https://www.stateofthenation.gov.za/assets/downloads/SONA_2025_Speech.pdf |archive-date=February 12, 2025 |date= February 6, 2025 |url-status=live}} In early February 2025, Reuters reported that Errol Musk had arranged a phone call between Ramaphosa and Trump ally Elon Musk in response to the suspension of US aid to South Africa.{{cite news |last1=Roelf |first1=Wendell |last2=Skweyiya |first2=Sisipho |title=Elon Musk's dad says he arranged son's call with Cyril Ramaphosa |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/musks-dad-says-he-arranged-sons-call-with-south-african-leader-2025-02-04/ |access-date=February 19, 2025 |date=February 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250209130943/https://www.reuters.com/world/musks-dad-says-he-arranged-sons-call-with-south-african-leader-2025-02-04/ |archive-date=February 9, 2025|url-status=live}}

In early March 2025, Ramaphosa issued a statement rejecting "counterproductive megaphone diplomacy" after Trump published a social media post reiterating his earlier claim that South Africa was confiscating land from farmers.{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Mayeni |title=South Africa rejects 'megaphone diplomacy' with US |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9w51pjzpo |access-date=March 12, 2025 |work=BBC News |date=March 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308044720/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9w51pjzpo |archive-date=March 8, 2025}}

Later in March 2025, the Trump administration declared South African Ambassador Ebrahim Rasool persona non grata, ordering him to leave the U.S. by March 21. The decision, announced by Marco Rubio on social media before formal notification, followed remarks Rasool made in a webinar criticizing U.S. policies. South Africa objected to the manner of the expulsion, accusing the U.S. of bypassing diplomatic channels, while Ramaphosa downplayed the issue, calling it a "hiccup" in U.S.-South Africa relations.{{Cite web |agency=Associated Press |date=March 17, 2025 |title=Trump administration says South African ambassador has to leave the US by Friday |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/03/17/trump-administration-says-south-african-ambassador-has-to-leave-the-us-by-friday-00234316 |access-date=March 19, 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}

{{Main|South Sudan–United States relations}}

On April 5, 2025, Secretary of State Rubio and Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau announced that the United States would be revoking the visas of all South Sudanese citizens in the United States (including those with temporary protected status) and barring entry to all South Sudanese citizens following a bilateral dispute over the repatriation of a South Sudanese citizen. Rubio stated that the US government would consider reviewing these actions in return for securing South Sudanese cooperation in accepting repatriated nationals.{{cite web |last1=Rubio |first1=Marco |date=April 5, 2025 |title=Defending America's Security through Visa and Travel Restrictions on South Sudan |url=https://www.state.gov/defending-americas-security-through-visa-and-travel-restrictions-on-south-sudan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406114001/https://www.state.gov/defending-americas-security-through-visa-and-travel-restrictions-on-south-sudan/ |archive-date=April 6, 2025 |access-date=April 7, 2025 |publisher=United States Department of State}}{{cite news |last1=Ali |first1=Faisal |title=Trump administration revokes all South Sudanese visas in repatriation row |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/06/us-revokes-all-visas-for-south-sudanese-over-countrys-failure-to-repatriate-citizens |access-date=April 7, 2025 |work=The Guardian |date=April 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406211706/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/06/us-revokes-all-visas-for-south-sudanese-over-countrys-failure-to-repatriate-citizens |archive-date=April 6, 2025|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Argentina–United States relations}}

File:President Donald Trump meets with Argentina’s President Javier Milei (54348219476).jpg, February 2025]]

On November 14, 2024, Argentine president Javier Milei headed to Florida to meet with Trump at Mar-a-Lago.{{cite news |language=es |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/javier-milei-llega-a-los-eeuu-para-jugarse-una-apuesta-fuerte-con-donald-trump-nid14112024 |title=Javier Milei se verá esta noche con Donald Trump y hablará en el evento de los conservadores en Mar-a-Lago |last=Idiart |first=Guillermo |date=November 14, 2024 |newspaper=La Nación |access-date=November 15, 2024 |archive-date=November 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127013104/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/javier-milei-llega-a-los-eeuu-para-jugarse-una-apuesta-fuerte-con-donald-trump-nid14112024/ |url-status=live}} He was the first foreign head of state to travel to the United States after Trump's victory and to meet the president-elect.{{cite news |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2024/11/14/trump-argentina-milei-meeting-mar-a-lago/76289637007 |title=Donald Trump expected to meet Argentine President Milei at Mar-a-Lago |last=Chambers |first=Francesca |date=November 14, 2024 |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=November 14, 2024}} Milei, an economist known for his advocacy of free-market policies and limited government, had previously expressed support for Donald Trump and his political positions, wanting to strengthen diplomatic and economic ties between Argentina and the Western world. In a call following the election results, Trump called Milei his "favorite president" in response according to reports. The president of Argentina gave a speech at a CPAC summit in Miami.{{cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/13/americas/cop29-argentina-withdraws-milei-intl-latam/index.html |title=Argentina withdraws delegates from climate summit as Milei heads for Mar-a-Lago |last1=Martino |first1=Betiana |last2=Giron |first2=Nacho |last3=Pozzebon |first3=Stefano |last4=Alvarado |first4=Abel |date=November 13, 2024 |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 14, 2024 |archive-date=November 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113215818/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/11/13/americas/cop29-argentina-withdraws-milei-intl-latam/index.html |url-status=live}} Milei also met with Department of Government Efficiency planned-directors Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy to advise them on their goal to "dismantle bureaucracy", cut government spending and reorganize the federal personnel.{{cite news |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/argentinas-milei-meet-trump-musk-195949129.html |title=Argentina's Milei to meet with Trump, Musk next week in the US |date=November 7, 2024 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=November 14, 2024 |archive-date=November 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125133110/https://www.yahoo.com/news/argentinas-milei-meet-trump-musk-195949129.html |url-status=live}}

{{Main|Brazil–United States relations}}

Former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro was reportedly invited to attend the inauguration; however, Brazil's Supreme Court barred him from traveling to the United States due to ongoing legal investigations and the seizure of his passport. Justice Alexandre de Moraes ruled that Bolsonaro did not hold an official position and posed a potential flight risk. Bolsonaro had filed an appeal in an attempt to attend the event, which was denied.{{Cite news |last=Associated Press |title=Brazil's Bolsonaro denied travel to Trump inauguration |url=https://apnews.com/article/9a237f43bce71640bcda279e76b32fd5 |date=February 1, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025 |work=AP News}}{{Cite news |title=Brazil's top court rejects Bolsonaro's bid to attend Trump's inauguration |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-top-court-rejects-bolsonaros-bid-attend-trump-inauguration-2025-01-16/ |publisher=Reuters |access-date=January 17, 2025 |date=January 17, 2025}}

{{Main|Canada–United States relations#Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump (January 2025 – March 2025)|l1=Canada–United States relations#Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump (January 2025 – March 2025)|Canada–United States relations#Mark Carney and Donald Trump (March 2025 – present)|l2=#Mark Carney and Donald Trump (March 2025 – present)|2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico}}

File:P20250506DT-0131 (54502217369).jpg, May 2025]]

On March 4, 2025, President Donald Trump imposed a 25% tariff on all Canadian imports, excluding energy products, which were subjected to a 10% tariff.{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Proceeds with Tariffs on Imports from Canada and Mexico |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/03/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-proceeds-with-tariffs-on-imports-from-canada-and-mexico/ |website=The White House |date=March 4, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} According to the administration, the goal was to reduce the U.S. trade deficit and encourage stronger Canadian border enforcement, particularly regarding illegal immigration and fentanyl trafficking.{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Declares National Emergency to Increase Our Competitive Edge |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-declares-national-emergency-to-increase-our-competitive-edge-protect-our-sovereignty-and-strengthen-our-national-and-economic-security/ |website=The White House |date=April 2, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} Supporters of the policy also cited high Canadian tariffs on U.S. agricultural goods—such as tariffs of up to 240% on dairy and 150% on poultry and eggs—as evidence of a trade imbalance.

In response, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced 25% tariffs on $30 billion worth of U.S. goods, with an additional $125 billion in tariffs planned for the following weeks.{{cite web |title=Canada announces robust tariff package in response to unjustified U.S. tariffs |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/03/canada-announces-robust-tariff-package-in-response-to-unjustified-us-tariffs.html |website=Department of Finance Canada |date=March 4, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} Trudeau criticized the U.S. tariffs as unjustified and economically damaging, encouraging Canadians to support domestic products and services.{{cite web |title=Statement by Prime Minister Trudeau on U.S. Tariffs Against Canada |url=https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2025/03/03/statement-prime-minister-trudeau-on-unjustified-us-tariffs-against-canada |website=Prime Minister of Canada |date=March 3, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} On March 6, Trump delayed tariffs on goods compliant with the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)—accounting for approximately 38 percent of imports from Canada and 50 percent of imports from Mexico.{{Cite web |last=Najjar |first=Farah |date=March 6, 2025 |title='Cool head': How Mexico's Claudia Sheinbaum got Trump to halt some tariffs |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/6/cool-head-how-mexicos-claudia-sheinbaum-is-handling-trump-and-tariffs |access-date=March 17, 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} Although the exemption was expected to end on April 2, the U.S. said it would continue indefinitely.{{Cite news |last1=Green |first1=Emily |last2=Ljunggren |first2=David |date=April 2, 2025 |title=Canada, Mexico not subject to new global rates as fentanyl tariff still in place |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-mexico-not-subject-new-global-rates-while-fentanyl-border-order-place-2025-04-02/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250402233704/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canada-mexico-not-subject-new-global-rates-while-fentanyl-border-order-place-2025-04-02/ |archive-date=April 2, 2025 |access-date=April 2, 2025 |work=Reuters}}

{{Further|Foreign policy of the second Donald Trump administration#Expansionism}}

President Trump has referred to Canada as a "state" and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as the "Governor" since meeting with Trudeau at Mar-a-Lago in late November 2024.{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgx1ezpx52o | title=Trump takes jab at 'governor' Trudeau }} In a January press conference, Trump said he was considering annexing Canada by economic force.{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6tU1PPQbKg | title=Donald Trump vows to take Panama Canal and Greenland | website=YouTube }} Trump has threatened and paused tariffs on Canadian goods repeatedly since taking office, and suggested Canada could avoid tariffs by becoming the 51st U.S. state, a notion he has reiterated on multiple occasions. Initially dismissed as jest, these comments have since been taken seriously by Canadian officials. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau expressed concerns that Trump's annexation ambitions might be driven by a desire to access Canada's mineral resources, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding Canadian sovereignty.{{Cite web |last=Taylor-Vaisey |first=Nick |date=February 7, 2025 |title=Trump's annexation fixation is no joke, Trudeau warns |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/07/canada-trudeau-trump-51-state-00203156 |access-date=March 5, 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Timotija |first=Filip |date=December 18, 2024 |title=Trump: Canada becoming 51st state 'great idea' |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/5045963-donald-trump-canada-51st-state/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250302073033/https://thehill.com/policy/international/5045963-donald-trump-canada-51st-state/ |archive-date=March 2, 2025 |access-date=March 5, 2025 |work=The Hill |language=en-US}} In additional, Trump mentioned in official diplomatic communication that he wants to challenge the Treaty of 1908 that established the Canada–United States border.{{cite web |title=Donald Trump hints at possible revision of US-Canada border demarcation |url=https://www.business-standard.com/world-news/donald-trump-hints-at-possible-revision-of-us-canada-border-demarcation-125030900053_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=March 13, 2025}}

While meeting with Trudeau’s successor Mark Carney on May 6, 2025, he suggested that annexation would improve healthcare services and lower taxes paid by Canadians and allow them to be protected by the United States Armed Forces, while also politically unifying North America, but acknowledged that “it takes two to tango” and said in his meeting with Carney that it wouldn't be discussed unless brought up by Carney,{{Cite web |last=Leary |first=Vipal Monga and Alex |title=Carney, Meeting Trump, Says Canada Isn’t for Sale |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/americas/canada-mark-carney-trump-visit-d88f4c0c?mod=livecoverage_web |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}} though he didn't rule out the possibility of Canada being part of the United States in the future, but only if it were feasible and mutually beneficial.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=-23bNwA4K3DdEDXq&v=f_ggYP-VO2s&feature=youtu.be |title=President Trump Participates in a Bilateral Meeting with the Prime Minister of Canada, May 6, 2025 |date=2025-05-06 |last=The White House |access-date=2025-05-08 |via=YouTube}} The status concerning the issue of Canada becoming the 51st state were reiterated by U.S. ambassador Pete Hoekstra in an interview with the National Post on May 8, 2025. He explained that the issue was settled and wouldn't be mentioned further, and though it would occasionally be brought by Trump himself, it would only be addressed as an issue if Carney decided to discuss it as such.{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=oYdQnJtUuNDOyDsw&v=23xO5eFRhoA&feature=youtu.be |title=Trump's 51st state comments are 'behind us,' says U.S. ambassador |date=2025-05-08 |last=National Post |access-date=2025-05-08 |via=YouTube}}

In 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump's foreign policy, characterized by protectionist measures and strained alliances, led Canada to reassess its defense partnerships. In response to trade disputes and perceived threats to sovereignty, Prime Minister Mark Carney initiated discussions with the European Union to reduce reliance on U.S. military equipment. These talks included exploring the procurement of European-made fighter jets, such as Sweden's Saab Gripen, with proposals for domestic assembly in Canada. Defense Minister Bill Blair was tasked with reviewing the existing contract for 88 American F-35 fighter jets, considering alternatives that could bolster Canada's domestic defense industry and diversify its international partnerships. This strategic pivot reflects Canada's broader effort to assert autonomy and strengthen ties with European allies amid uncertainties in traditional North American defense relationships.{{Cite web |date=March 19, 2025 |title=Canada in talks with the EU to reduce US defense reliance: AP source |url=https://apnews.com/article/canada-defense-european-union-trump-f35-b2ced39c577c8dff6d3718007440db5c |access-date=March 25, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

{{Main|Chile–United States relations}}

During Trump's second administration, U.S. foreign policy in Latin America is focused on countering China's influence in the region, particularly in the context of strategic trade infrastructure. A notable example is the emphasis placed on strengthening ties with Chile, specifically through potential investments in the modernization of the Port of San Antonio in Valparaíso. This initiative was framed as a strategic counterbalance to the Chinese-financed megaproject at the Port of Chancay in Peru.{{cite web |title=Así es el megapuerto de Chancay en Perú que podría poner en aprietos a Chile: el 60% pertenece a China |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/servicios/explicado/2024/11/14/asi-es-el-megapuerto-de-chancay-en-peru-que-podria-poner-en-aprietos-a-chile-el-60-pertece-a-china.shtml |publisher=Biobío |access-date=January 17, 2025 |date=November 14, 2024}} U.S. investors, facilitated by the Development Finance Corporation, were set to visit Chile to assess opportunities for technological and infrastructural development. Meanwhile, reports suggested that the Trump administration considered imposing tariffs of up to 60% on goods exported from the Chancay port, reflecting its broader strategy to support allies like Chile in the face of China's expanding footprint in Latin America. These developments occurred amidst high-level diplomatic engagements between Chilean and U.S. officials, underscoring shared interests in enhancing Pacific trade networks.{{cite web |title=Afirman que EE.UU. fijó su atención en puerto de San Antonio ante estrategia china en Perú |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/eeuu/2024/11/18/afirman-que-ee-uu-fijo-su-atencion-en-puerto-de-san-antonio-ante-estrategia-china-en-peru.shtml |publisher=Biobío |access-date=January 17, 2025 |language=es |date=November 18, 2024}}

Trump appointed Brandon Judd as the United States ambassador to Chile.{{cite news|url=https://elpais.com/chile/2024-12-06/trump-nombra-como-embajador-en-chile-a-un-exmiembro-de-la-patrulla-fronteriza.html|title=Trump appoints former Border Patrol member as ambassador to Chile|access-date=December 7, 2024|last=Agouborde|first=María Victoria|date=December 6, 2024|website=El País Chile|language=es-CL}}{{Cite web|title=The real reason behind the appointment of the new U.S. ambassador to Chile|url=https://interferencia.cl/articulos/la-verdadera-razon-detras-del-nombramiento-del-nuevo-embajador-de-eeuu-en-chile|publisher=Interferencia|date=December 9, 2024|access-date=January 17, 2025|language=es-CL}} Judd was a member of the United States Border Patrol, serving as president of the National Border Patrol Council union,{{Cite web|url=https://docs.house.gov/meetings/GO/GO06/20131120/101515/HHRG-113-GO06-Bio-JuddB-20131120.pdf|title=Brandon Judd|access-date=December 5, 2024 |publisher=U.S. House of Representatives}} and is a supporter of building the border wall.{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/biden-suckered-border-battle-cant-win|title=Biden got suckered into border battle he can't win|access-date=December 7, 2024|last=Judd|first=Brandon|date=February 27, 2024|publisher=Fox News|language=en-US}} In 2025, Chile has an illegal immigration crisis.{{cite news |title=Boric aborda en la ONU el impacto de la crisis venezolana: "Chile no está en condiciones de recibir más migración" |url=https://elpais.com/chile/2024-09-24/boric-advierte-ante-la-onu-sobre-el-impacto-de-la-crisis-en-venezuela-chile-no-esta-en-condiciones-de-recibir-mas-migracion.html |publisher=El País |access-date=January 17, 2025 |language=es |date=September 25, 2024}}

{{Main|Colombia–United States relations}}

In January 2025, a dispute arose between Colombia and the United States after Colombian president Gustavo Petro refused to allow two unannounced U.S. military aircraft carrying deported Colombian nationals to land. Each flight seeking to land was carrying approximately 80 Colombian deportees. Previously, scheduled commercial airlines were used routinely to deliver deported Columbian nationals to Colombia and with arrangements and preparations in advance. In response, President Trump imposed emergency 25% tariffs on all Colombian imports, implemented travel bans and visa revocations for Colombian government officials, and implemented enhanced customs and border protection inspections for all Colombian nationals and cargo from Colombia. According to CNN, this was the first instance of "Trump using economic pressure to force other nations to fall in line with his mass deportation plans since he took office."{{cite news |title=Trump issuing 'emergency 25% tariffs' against Colombia after country turned back deportation flights |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/26/politics/colombia-tariffs-trump-deportation-flights/index.html |work=CNN |date=January 26, 2025 |access-date=January 26, 2025 }}{{cite news |title=Trump announces retaliatory measures after Colombia blocks military deportation flights from U.S. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/colombia-turns-away-deportation-flights-rcna189335 |work=NBC News |date=January 26, 2025 |access-date=January 26, 2025 }} Trump said he would double the tariffs to 50% in one week if Petro did not reverse his decision.{{Cite news |last1=Glatsky |first1=Genevieve |last2=Romero |first2=Simon |date=January 26, 2025 |title=Trump Hits Colombia With Tariffs in Feud Over Military Deportation Flights |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/26/world/americas/colombia-us-deportation-flights.html |access-date=January 26, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The government did not go ahead with these plans after Colombia agreed to accept deported migrants without restrictions.{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2025 |title=Colombia backs down on deportation flights after Trump tariffs threat |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c20p36e62gyo |access-date=January 27, 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Diplomats from both countries reached a deal which has seen Colombia send its own air force planes to collect the migrants, a process that Petro said ensured they were treated "with dignity" and without being handcuffed.{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2025 |title=Colombian air force plane carrying deportees from US lands |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgly1we7gx4o |access-date=January 30, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |last=Timotija |first=Filip |date=January 28, 2025 |title=Colombia president welcomes 'compatriots' returned from US: 'The migrant is not a criminal' |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/5110287-colombia-president-gustavo-petro-compatriots-returned/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129200902/https://thehill.com/policy/international/5110287-colombia-president-gustavo-petro-compatriots-returned/ |archive-date=January 29, 2025 |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=The Hill |language=en-US |url-status=live }} The U.S. government did make concessions to Colombia by agreeing not to handcuff and photograph the deportees, and dispatching Homeland Security staffers, instead of military officers, as flight escorts.{{Cite news |last=Pahwa |first=Nitish |date=January 28, 2025 |title=Trump Isn't Going to Like the Fallout From His Fight With Colombia |url=https://slate.com/business/2025/01/trump-colombia-tariffs-trade-war-inflation-expensive.html |access-date=January 30, 2025 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}

{{Main|Cuba–United States relations}}

In one of his first acts of his second administration, President Trump reinstated Cuba as a state sponsors of terrorism, reversing an action made by President Biden in the weeks prior in exchange for political prisoners. He also restored a list of "restricted entities" established during his first administration. President Miguel Díaz-Canel referred to the moves as "an act of arrogance and disregard for truth."{{cite news |title=Biden administration removes Cuba from state sponsors of terrorism list |first=Carmen |last=Sesin |work=NBC News |date=January 14, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2025 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/biden-administration-cuba-state-sponsor-terrorism-designation-rcna187661}}{{cite news |title=Trump quickly puts Cuba back on the list of state sponsors of terrorism |first=Eric |last=Bazail-Eimil |work=Politico |date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2025 |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/01/20/donald-trump-inauguration-day-news-updates-analysis/a-quick-reversal-on-cuba-00199531}}

Later in January 2025, Trump announced he would use the Guantanamo Bay detention camp as a holding facility for up to 30,000 criminal migrants amidst his administration's efforts of mass deportation across the United States. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth specified that the facility would be run by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and will be used as "temporary transit" in order to "humanely move illegals...back to the countries where they came from in a proper process."{{cite news |title=Trump says the U.S. will send the 'worst criminal illegal aliens' to Guantánamo Bay |first=Sacha |last=Pfeiffer |work=NPR |date=January 30, 2025 |access-date=January 31, 2025 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/30/g-s1-45454/trump-says-u-s-will-send-worst-criminal-illegal-aliens-to-guantanamo-bay}} Flights carrying migrants to Guantanamo began on February 4, with the first consisting of 10 suspected members of Tren de Aragua out of El Paso, Texas.{{cite news |title=1st migrant flight lands at Guantanamo Bay, carrying 'worst of the worst' |first1=Matt |last1=Seyler |first2=Luis |last2=Martinez |first3=Stacey |last3=Dec |work=ABC News |date=February 4, 2025 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/1st-migrant-flight-heads-guantanamo-bay-carrying-worst/story?id=118456073}}

{{Main|Mexico–United States relations#Second Trump administration|2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico}}

File:Secretary Rubio Holds a U.S.-Mexico Interagency Meeting (54354072557).jpg, February 27, 2025]]

On March 4, 2025, the United States imposed 25% tariffs on Mexican goods. Part of these tariffs are lifted for a month on March 6 after a telephone conversation between Trump and Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum.{{cite news |title=Can Latin America Find Consensus in the Age of Trump? |first=Catherine |last=Osborn |work=Foreign Policy |date=March 6, 2025 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/03/06/mexico-tariffs-oas-election-aid-trump-latin-america/}} Although the exemption was expected to end on April 2, the U.S. said it would continue indefinitely.

Trump said the tariffs are intended to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with Mexico, force the country to secure its border with the U.S. against illegal immigration and the smuggling of fentanyl, and encourage domestic manufacturing in the United States.{{Cite news |last=Kaye |first=Danielle |date=February 1, 2025 |title=Here's What to Know About Trump's Tariffs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/01/business/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203162720/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/01/business/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china.html |archive-date=February 3, 2025 |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The opioid epidemic in the United States is largely fueled by drugs smuggled from Mexico.{{Cite web |last1=Devlin |first1=Kayleen |last2=Ma |first2=Yi |date=March 4, 2025 |title=How does fentanyl get into the US? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg93nn1e6go |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}} In 2021 and 2022, during the worst years of the opioid epidemic, over 100,000 people in the U.S. died annually from drug overdoses.{{Cite web |author=Felbab-Brown |first=Vanda |date=February 17, 2025 |title=The New War on Drugs |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/canada/new-war-drugs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226170429/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/canada/new-war-drugs |archive-date=February 26, 2025 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |website=Foreign Affairs}}

Trump launched a process to designate Mexican drug cartels and other criminal organizations as foreign terrorist organizations. He also threatened U.S. military intervention against cartels in Mexico. During the first months of 2025, Mexico stepped up its fight against narcotraffic and immigration following Trump's statements on the subject. In particular, Mexico handed over 29 major cartel prisoners to US authorities in February 2025.

{{Main|Panama–United States relations}}

On March 4, 2025, President Donald Trump reiterated his intention to reassert U.S. control over the Panama Canal, alleging that Panama had violated the longstanding neutrality agreement governing its operation.

In response, Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino dismissed the remarks as false and offensive to Panama’s sovereignty.

On the same day, Hong Kong-based CK Hutchison Holdings announced plans to sell its operational rights to the Balboa and Cristóbal ports, located at either end of the Panama Canal, to a consortium led by the American investment firm BlackRock.

{{Main| United States–Venezuela relations#Second presidency of Donald Trump}}

On March 3, 2025, the Trump administration gave Chevron Corporation 30 days to halt its activities in Venezuela. While the company produces 1/4 of the country's oil, Foreign Policy estimates that its departure from Venezuela will result in a 10% drop in GDP over the next 5 years.

{{Main|United States foreign policy toward the People's Republic of China}}

{{See also|China–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)|One-China policy|Taiwan–United States relations|China–United States trade war}}

File:The White House - 54371663219.jpg, announced that TSMC is set to invest in the U.S.]]

Just before Trump's second inauguration, Vice President Vance and ally Elon Musk each held separate meetings with China's vice president Han Zheng, who was in Washington attending the event as China's president Xi Jinping's special representative.{{Cite news |last=Wang |first=Orange |date=January 20, 2025 |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3295419/china-vice-president-han-meets-vance-musk-ahead-trump-inauguration |title=Han and Vance strike positive tone for US-China ties ahead of Trump inauguration |newspaper=South China Morning Post |access-date=January 20, 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120045309/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3295419/china-vice-president-han-meets-vance-musk-ahead-trump-inauguration |archive-date=January 20, 2025 }} Han's presence at the event was seen by commentators as representative of Xi's interest in strengthening China–United States relations under Trump's tenure.{{Cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Simone |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Who is Han Zheng, the senior Chinese official attending Trump's inauguration? |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/19/china/han-zheng-trump-inauguration-intl-hnk/index.html |agency=CNN |access-date=January 20, 2025}}{{cite news |last=Bodeen |first=Christopher |date=January 20, 2025 |url=https://apnews.com/article/han-zheng-trump-inauguration-china-vice-president-5bb18d5049683d6624a9e1d4ee028104 |title=Vice President Han Zheng, China's representative at Trump's inauguration, is a trusted adviser to Xi |publisher=AP News |access-date=January 20, 2025}}

China has supported Trump's efforts to end the war in Ukraine.{{cite news |title=What China fears most about Trump's turn toward Russia |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/19/china/xi-jinping-putin-trump-ukraine-peace-talks-intl-hnk/index.html |work=CNN |date=February 19, 2025}}{{cite news |title=Ukraine war briefing: China lauds Trump's Russia peace talks |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/21/ukraine-war-briefing-china-lauds-trumps-russia-peace-talks |work=The Guardian |date=February 21, 2025}}

During his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump advocated for a stringent stance against China, proposing tariffs as high as 60% on Chinese goods.{{Cite web |last=Picciotto |first=Rebecca |date=February 4, 2024 |title=Trump floats 'more than' 60% tariffs on Chinese imports |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/04/trump-floats-more-than-60percent-tariffs-on-chinese-imports.html?msockid=15dbbda415e565740bcba9bb14c064d8 |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=CNBC |language=en}} However, upon assuming office, he implemented a more modest 10% tariff on Chinese imports, while imposing tariffs on goods from traditional allies such as Canada and Mexico.{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2025 |title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Imposes Tariffs on Imports from Canada, Mexico and China |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-imposes-tariffs-on-imports-from-canada-mexico-and-china/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=The White House |language=en-US}} Critics argue that this approach has inadvertently facilitated China's expanding influence in Europe and the Global South. By alienating key U.S. allies through aggressive trade policies, the administration has created opportunities for China to strengthen its economic and diplomatic ties in these regions, potentially at the expense of U.S. strategic interests.{{Cite web |title=The EU Squeezed Between the US and China |url=https://thediplomat.com/2025/03/the-eu-squeezed-between-the-us-and-china/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}

In early 2025, the China–United States trade war escalated, with a series of increasing tariffs leading to the US imposing a 145% tariff on Chinese goods and China imposing a 125% tariff on American goods.{{Cite web |last=Gan |first=Nectar |date=April 11, 2025 |title=Xi says China 'not afraid' as Beijing raises tariffs on US goods to 125% in latest escalation of trade war {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/11/business/china-xi-jinping-first-comment-trade-war-us-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=April 11, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}} Trump said the tariffs are intended to pressure China to do more to stop the flow of fentanyl into the US.{{cite news |title=Can Trump's tariffs break China's grip on manufacturing? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdxqeg51y36o |work=BBc News |date=March 5, 2025}}

File:US timeline. Opioid deaths.jpg.]]

Under the directive published by the U.S. State Department in 2025, the Chinese leader should be referred to as “General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party”, rather than “President of China” reflecting the supremacy of the CCP over China.{{cite news |title=VOA Exclusive: State Department guidance distinguishes CCP from Chinese people |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/voa-exclusive-state-department-guidance-distinguishes-ccp-from-chinese-people/7996193.html |work=Voice of America |author=Nike Ching |date=March 3, 2025 |access-date=March 3, 2025}}

In February 2025, the US State Department website was changed to state that China was trying to "subvert" international organizations and install Chinese Communist Party members in leadership positions. A spokesperson of the Foreign Ministry of China responded that these changes were inaccurate and that they "deplore" the changes.{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/us-state-department-tweaks-online-fact-sheet-on-china/7982577.html | title=US State Department tweaks online fact sheet on China }}

On February 26, 2025, China accused Taiwan of using its semiconductor sector to gain political favor from the United States. U.S. President Donald Trump criticized Taiwan for its dominance in the U.S. semiconductor industry. Taiwan's government responded by emphasizing its commitment to preserving its position as a leader in semiconductor technology.{{cite news |title= China says Taiwan seeks to give away chip industry to US |date=February 27, 2025 |work=Reuters |url= https://www.reuters.com/technology/china-says-taiwan-seeks-give-away-chip-industry-us-2025-02-26/|access-date=February 27, 2025}}

In March 2025, foreign ministers from Japan, China, and South Korea convened in Tokyo to enhance regional cooperation amid escalating global uncertainty. U.S. President Donald Trump's foreign policy, characterized by unilateralism and protectionist trade measures, has strained traditional alliances and prompted East Asian nations to seek closer collaboration among themselves. The meeting addressed shared challenges such as demographic decline, environmental concerns, and economic coordination. However, significant divisions persist, particularly regarding China's support for Russia and North Korea, and its broader regional assertiveness.{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Tim |date=March 22, 2025 |title=Japan, China, South Korea meet at geopolitical 'turning point in history' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-china-south-korea-meet-geopolitical-turning-point-history-2025-03-22/ |website=Reuters}}

On April 2, 2025, Trump announced a "reciprocal tariff" of 32% on Taiwanese goods,{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2025 |title=Trump announces 32% tariff on imports from Taiwan – Focus Taiwan |url=https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202504030001 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=Focus Taiwan – CNA English News |language=en-US}} but excluded semiconductor products, the island's primary exports.{{cite news |last1=Tobin |first1=Meaghan |title=Trump's Tariffs Don't Apply to Chips, but Taiwan Remains Wary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/03/business/trump-tariffs-taiwan-chips.html |access-date=April 9, 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=April 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406111431/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/03/business/trump-tariffs-taiwan-chips.html |archive-date=April 6, 2025 |language=en}} Trump had previously criticized Taiwan for gaining an unfair dominance in the semiconductor industry and not spending enough on its own defense.

{{Main|Japan–United States relations}}

File:Ishiba with Trump in the Oval Office February 2025 4.jpg, February 2025]]

Trump in March 2025 lamented that Japan is making "a fortune with [the United States] economically" while the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty requires the United States to "protect" Japan, but Japan does not have to "protect" the United States, so Trump "asked who makes these deals?"{{cite news |last1=Murakami |first1=Sakura |title=Trump Criticizes Security Treaty With Japan as Unequal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-07/trump-criticizes-security-treaty-with-japan-as-uneven |access-date=March 14, 2025 |work=Bloomberg News |date=March 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250308021307/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-07/trump-criticizes-security-treaty-with-japan-as-uneven |archive-date=March 8, 2025}} Also that month, Trump said that he "called the leaders of Japan to say you can't continue to reduce and break down your currency ... it's unfair ... And the way you solve it very easily is with tariffs."{{cite news |last1=Kihara |first1=Leika |last2=Yamazaki |first2=Makiko |title=Trump says Japan, China cannot keep reducing value of their currencies |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/currencies/trump-says-japan-china-cannot-keep-reducing-value-their-currencies-2025-03-03/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |work=Reuters |date=March 4, 2025}}

{{Main|South Korea–United States relations}}

File:Secretary Rubio Meets with Japanese and Republic of Korea Foreign Ministers (54329405775).jpg and Secretary of State Marco Rubio.]]

Trump in March 2025 said, without providing evidence, that "South Korea's average tariff [on the United States] is four times higher" than the United States' average tariff on South Korea, while also highlighting that the United States "give so much help militarily and in so many other ways to South Korea".{{cite news |last1=Ahn |first1=Sung-mi |title=Fact-checking Trump's tariff claim about South Korea. What are his real motives? |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10437772 |access-date=March 14, 2025 |work=The Korean Herald |date=March 10, 2025}}

{{Main|India–United States relations#Modi–Trump relationship (2025–present)}}

File:President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the White House.jpg, February 2025]]

Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi have pledged to deepen the U.S.-India partnership.{{cite news |title=VOA Mandarin: China courts India as Trump, Modi vow to deepen ties |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/voa-mandarin-china-courts-india-as-trump-modi-vow-to-deepen-ties-/7969940.html |work=Voice of America |date=February 10, 2025}} On February 13, 2025, Modi became the fourth world leader to visit Donald Trump at the White House. During the meeting, Modi praised the MAGA movement and said that "Borrowing an expression from the US, our vision for a developed India is to 'Make India Great Again', or MIGA. When America and India work together, when it's MAGA plus MIGA, it becomes mega – a mega partnership for prosperity."{{cite news |title=Key takeaways from Donald Trump's meeting with India's Narendra Modi |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/14/key-takeaways-from-donald-trumps-meeting-with-indias-narendra-modi |work=Al Jazeera |date=February 14, 2025}}

India rejected Trump's offer to mediate India–China tensions.{{cite news |title=Donald Trump ruffles feathers with mediation offer to ease India-China tension |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/donald-trump-ruffles-feathers-with-offer-to-help-ties-between-india-and-china/article69220597.ece |work=The Hindu |date=February 15, 2025}}

File:Paris Hosted a Trilateral Meeting Between Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Emmanuel Macron and Donald Trump, 7 December 2024 - 2.jpg and Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the reopening of Notre-Dame on December 7, 2024.]]

File:Meeting between Ursula von der Leyen & J. D. Vance during the AI Action Summit, Paris, France - 2025.jpg, Kaja Kallas and JD Vance at the AI Action Summit in Paris on February 11, 2025]]

During his election campaign, Trump said that European allies "treat us actually worse than our so-called enemies". He added, "We protect them and then they screw us on trade. We're not going to let it happen anymore". He vowed to impose tariffs on trade partners including those in Europe, which economists said could spark trade wars.{{cite news |last=Butts |first=Dylan |date=September 26, 2024 |title=Not just China, Trump 2.0 could spell trouble for U.S. allies as he doubles down on tariff talk |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/26/not-just-china-trump-2point0-could-spell-trouble-for-us-allies-as-he-doubles-down-on-tariff-talk-.html |publisher=CNBC}}

Trump said he would not defend NATO allies in Europe if they did not meet the alliance's target of spending 2% of GDP on defense, and instead he would "encourage" Russia to "do whatever the hell they want".{{cite news|last=Baker|first=Peter|title=Favoring Foes Over Friends, Trump Threatens to Upend International Order|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/us/politics/trump-nato.html|work=The New York Times|date=February 11, 2024|access-date=February 11, 2024|issn=1553-8095|language=en |archive-date=February 20, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220135129/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/11/us/politics/trump-nato.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}} {{subscription required}}{{cite news |last1=Ibssa |first1=Lalee |last2=Kim |first2=Soo Rin |date=February 11, 2024 |title=Trump says he'd 'encourage' Russia 'to do whatever the hell they want' if a NATO country didn't spend enough on defense |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-russia-nato-defense-funds/story?id=107136736 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211222726/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-russia-nato-defense-funds/story?id=107136736 |archive-date=February 11, 2024 |access-date=February 12, 2024 |publisher=ABC News}}{{cite news|last1=Hayden|first1=Jones|last2=Ward|first2=Myah|last3=Cienski|first3=Jan|title=Trump says he would 'encourage' Russia to attack NATO allies who don't pay up|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-says-he-would-encourage-russia-to-attack-nato-members-that-dont-pay-enough/|access-date=February 12, 2024|work=Politico.eu|date=February 11, 2024|archive-date=February 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211124317/https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-says-he-would-encourage-russia-to-attack-nato-members-that-dont-pay-enough/|url-status=live}}

On February 2, 2025, Russian President Vladimir Putin supported Trump and ridiculed European leaders, whom he calls "minnows" ({{langx|ru|мелюзга|italic=yes}}), stating the following:{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9dkmvm|title=Putin: Europe elites will be "at Trump's feet wagging their tails" (video)|publisher=CGTN Europe|language=en|date=February 2, 2025|accessdate=February 20, 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://meduza.io/news/2025/02/02/vse-oni-vstanut-u-nogi-hozyaina-i-budut-nezhno-pomahivat-hvostikom-putin-ob-otnosheniyah-evropeyskih-liderov-s-trampom|title=«Все они встанут у ноги хозяина и будут нежно помахивать хвостиком». Путин — об отношениях европейских лидеров с Трампом|publisher=Meduza|language=ru|date=February 2, 2025|accessdate=February 20, 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-putin-tramp-lidery-evropy/33300343.html|title=«Ніжно помахуватимуть хвостиком» – Путін поділився уявленнями про стосунки Трампа з лідерами Європи|work=Радіо Свобода |publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|language=uk|date=February 2, 2025|accessdate=February 20, 2025 |last1=Свобода |first1=Радіо }}

{{blockquote|text=

Trump, with his character, with his persistence, he'll put things in order there pretty quickly. And all of them, you'll see, it will happen quickly, all of them will stand at the feet of their master and wave their tails gently. Everything will fall into place.

|multiline=yes

|author=Vladimir Putin, 2 February 2025

}}

On February 14, 2025, U.S. Vice President JD Vance addressed the Munich Security Conference, asserting that Europe's primary threats are internal, citing perceived erosions in free speech and democratic values. He criticized European leaders for suppressing dissenting opinions and ignoring public concerns on issues like immigration. Vance highlighted incidents such as the annulment of Romania's presidential election due to alleged foreign interference and legal actions against individuals in the UK and Sweden for expressing conservative views as evidence of this trend. He also challenged Germany's political isolation of the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, advocating for greater political inclusivity. European officials, including German Defence Minister Boris Pistorius, rebuffed Vance's remarks, deeming them unacceptable and misaligned with the conference's focus on external security threats like Russia and China. The speech intensified transatlantic tensions, prompting discussions among European leaders about reducing reliance on U.S. support.{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2025 |title=JD Vance attacks Europe over free speech and migration |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ceve3wl21x1o |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}

During the 2020s, there was a significant shift in European defense policy, particularly accelerating in 2025 due to geopolitical policy shifts during Donald Trump's second presidency. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte announced during the 61st Munich Security Conference that alliance members would need to increase their military spending to "considerably more than 3 percent" of their national GDP. This statement came in response to calls from the Trump administration for members to reach 5% of GDP in defense expenditure.{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2025 |title=Rutte: NATO spending target will be 'considerably more than 3 percent' |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/mark-rutte-nato-defense-spending-target-considerably-more-3-percent-munich-security-conference/ |access-date=February 20, 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}} On March 2, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer hosted the 2025 London Summit on Ukraine with 18 world leaders, in order to coordinate support for Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The summit followed a meeting between Zelenskyy and Trump at the White House in Washington on February 28, 2025.{{cite news |title=Ukraine summit 'once in a generation' moment for European security, says Starmer |agency=AP|work=Agence France-Presse |date=March 2, 2025 |publisher=Le Monde |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/03/02/zelensky-joins-european-leaders-at-key-ukraine-summit-in-london_6738729_4.html |access-date=March 2, 2025 }} On March 4, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen proposed ReArm Europe, a five-point plan to boost defense spending by up to €800 billion, including €150 billion in loans to EU member states. This came a day after Trump halted all military aid to Ukraine.{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-defence-plans-could-mobilise-800-billion-euros-von-der-leyen-says-2025-03-04/|title=EU proposes borrowing 150 billion euros in big rearmament push|date=March 4, 2025|first=Jan|last=Strupczewski|first2=Andrew|last2=Gray|publisher=Reuters|access-date=March 4, 2025}}

{{Main|Denmark–United States relations}}

In January 2025, President Trump stated that he wished to buy Greenland from Denmark, or, take Greenland by force for national security purposes.

During his March 4 address to Congress, Trump vowed the United States would gain control over Greenland "one way or another."{{cite web | url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-greenland-speech-us-take-control-2039714 | title=Donald Trump Plans To Take Control of Greenland 'One Way or Another' | website=Newsweek }} A subsequent public opinion poll showed that 85% of Greenlanders were opposed to joining the US.{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gpgqqzqymo | title=Denmark vs the US: What Greenland really wants | date=February 3, 2025 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwy3y8l8nwlo | title=Trump wants to take Greenland: Four ways this saga could go }} Also in March 2025, amid rocketing wholesale egg prices in the United States due to bird flu reducing egg supply, the Trump administration asked the Danish Egg Association to check how many eggs could they export to the United States.{{cite news |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Stine |last2=Gronholt-Pedersen |first2=Jacob |last3=Fletcher |first3=Philippa |title=How many eggs can you send? U.S. asks countries to help lower soaring prices |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/how-many-eggs-can-you-send-us-asks-countries-help-lower-soaring-prices-2025-03-14/ |access-date=March 16, 2025 |work=Reuters |date=March 14, 2025}}

In a first for a sitting American vice president, JD Vance in March 2025 visited Greenland.{{cite news |last1=Sanger |first1=David |title=Visiting Greenland, Vance Finds the Weather and the Reception Chilly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/28/us/politics/greenland-jd-vance-usha.html |access-date=March 29, 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=March 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250328212436/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/28/us/politics/greenland-jd-vance-usha.html |archive-date=March 28, 2025}} There, Vance said regarding Trump: "We can't just ignore the president's desires" for the United States to acquire Greenland, while warning that Greenland faced the "encroachment of powerful countries" China and Russia "as they expand their ambitions".{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Benedict |title=Vance tells Greenlanders: Your country is cold as 's---', and China's coming for you |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2025/03/28/jd-vance-greenland-usha-vance/ |access-date=March 29, 2025 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=March 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250329001256/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/news/2025/03/28/jd-vance-greenland-usha-vance/ |archive-date=March 29, 2025}} In a "message to Denmark", Vance declared, "you have not done a good job", accusing Denmark of having "underinvested in the security architecture" and "people of Greenland".

On May 6, it was reported by the Wall Street Journal that director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard ordered the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency to increase intelligence gathering activities in Greenland, focusing on the Greenland independence movement, public interest toward mineral extraction on the island, sympathetic sentiment towards the United States.{{Cite web |last=Ward |first=Katherine Long and Alexander |title=Exclusive {{!}} U.S. Orders Intelligence Agencies to Step Up Spying on Greenland |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/greenland-spying-us-intelligence-809c4ef2 |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}

On May 9, CNN reported that the administration was considering moving military operational jurisdiction of Greenland from the United States European Command to the United States Northern Command.{{Cite web |last=Bertrand |first=Katie Bo Lillis, Natasha |date=2025-05-09 |title=Pentagon considers shifting Greenland to US Northern Command, sparking concerns over Trump’s ambitions for the territory {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/09/politics/pentagon-greenland-northern-command |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=CNN |language=en}} On the same day, Reuters reported that a Compact of Free Association primarily being considered to incorporate the island in to the United States’ sphere of influence, which would prospectively be proposed to the government of Greenland, though other options were also being considered.{{Cite news |last=Slattery |first=Gram |date=May 9, 2025 |title=Exclusive: US weighs special status for Greenland as quest for island intensifies |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-weighs-special-status-greenland-quest-island-intensifies-2025-05-09/ |url-status=live |work=Reuters}}

{{Main|France–United States relations#Second Trump presidency 2025–present}}

File:President Donald J. Trump holds a bilateral meeting with French President Emmanuel Macron (54350966064).jpg, February 2025]]

A month after the election, Trump traveled to Paris to attend the reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris on December 7, five years after it was severely damaged by a fire. It was his first foreign trip as president-elect since his second electoral victory. He met with a number of world leaders ahead of the ceremony, including French president Emmanuel Macron, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and Prince William of the United Kingdom.{{cite news |language=fr |url=https://www.frontieresmedia.fr/international/notre-dame-donald-trump-assistera-ceremonie-ouverture |title=Notre-Dame : Trump présent à la cérémonie de réouverture, " un choc d'espérance " pour Emmanuel Macron |last=Bauer |first=Lino |date=December 3, 2024 |magazine=Frontières |access-date=December 3, 2024 |archive-date=December 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204155750/https://www.frontieresmedia.fr/international/notre-dame-donald-trump-assistera-ceremonie-ouverture |url-status=live}}

{{Main|Germany–United States relations}}

In February 2025, Vice President JD Vance visited the leader of the far-right German political party Alternative for Germany and criticized the approach of mainstream parties towards it.{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/germany-munich-vance-free-speech-election-33e720b820e61db9d5e478e63b4a4dc7 | title=US Vice President JD Vance meets German far-right leader as he criticizes 'firewalls' in Europe | website=Associated Press News | date=February 14, 2025 }}

In March 2025, presumptive German Chancellor Friedrich Merz proposed a significant increase in defense spending in Germany,{{cite news |title=Germany's Merz promises to do 'whatever it takes' on defence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c981w25y5wpo |work=BBC |date=March 5, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305114752/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c981w25y5wpo |archive-date=March 5, 2025 |url-status=live}} justifying his policy by the "rapidly changing situation", especially after the clash between Trump and Zelenskyy in the White House.{{cite news |title=German MPs approve €500bn spending boost to counter 'Putin's war of aggression' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/18/german-mps-approve-500bn-spending-boost-to-counter-putin-war-of-aggression |work=The Guardian |date=March 18, 2025}} German lawmakers approved an amendment to the Basic Law,{{cite news |title=German lawmakers approve huge defense and infrastructure spending |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/18/g-s1-54475/germany-defense-spending-merz-debt-brake-parliament |work=NPR |date=March 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318191516/https://www.npr.org/2025/03/18/g-s1-54475/germany-defense-spending-merz-debt-brake-parliament |archive-date=March 18, 2025 |url-status=live}} allowing Merz's government to implement the most massive rearmament in Germany since World War II.{{cite news |title=Germany's parliament backs incoming leader's plans for huge boost in defense spending, but can he deliver? |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/germany-defense-spending-friedrich-merz-trump-pressure-nato-ukraine-russia-war/ |work=CBS News |date=March 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322042519/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/germany-defense-spending-friedrich-merz-trump-pressure-nato-ukraine-russia-war/ |archive-date=March 22, 2025 |url-status=live}}

{{Main|Ireland–United States relations}}

File:President Donald Trump with Taoiseach Micheál Martin.jpg, March 2025]]

In March 2025, Trump said that past American leaders "didn't have a clue what was happening and all of a sudden Ireland has our pharmaceutical companies", and "the United States shouldn't have let it happen"; the high number of American pharmaceutical companies based in Ireland were due to Irish tax policies.{{cite news |last1=Superville |first1=Darlene |title=Trump says Ireland cheats the US as its leader joins him to celebrate St. Patrick's Day |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-martin-ireland-shamrock-st-patrick-c6f9439734699fbb8342e2179201408d |access-date=March 14, 2025 |work=Associated Press |date=March 13, 2025}}

{{Main|Italy–United States relations}}

File:President Donald Trump holds a bilateral meeting with Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of Italy (5446029292).jpg, April 2025]]

In April 2025, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni visited the White House for talks with Trump, focusing on strengthening U.S.–Italy relations, trade, and broader transatlantic cooperation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/18/world/europe/meloni-trump-tariffs-italy.html|title=Meloni and Trump: Oval Office Meeting Cements Special Rapport}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/press-review/20250418-the-trump-whisperer-papers-react-to-trump-s-meeting-with-meloni|title=The Trump whisperer': Papers react to Trump's meeting with Meloni}} The meeting highlighted the alignment between the two leaders on a range of political issues.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/17/giorgia-meloni-trump-meeting|title=Giorgia Meloni whispers soothing words to Trump on 'western nationalism'}} Meloni, the only European leader to attend Trump's January 2025 inauguration,{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/meloni-only-eu-leader-invited-to-trumps-inauguration/|title=Meloni only EU leader invited to Trump's inauguration}} sought to position herself as a key interlocutor between the United States and the European Union, though her close alignment with Trump drew concern from some European officials.{{Cite web|url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2025-04-17/meloni-visita-a-trump-en-un-viaje-envenenado-que-pone-a-prueba-su-perfil-de-mediadora.html|title=Meloni visita a Trump en un viaje envenenado que pone a prueba su perfil de mediadora}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/25/trump-pope-funeral-diplomacy|title=Pope's funeral a diplomatic minefield as Trump sets fire to US alliances}}

{{Main|Norway–United States relations}}

File:President Donald Trump poses for a photo with Prime Minister Gahr Store of Norway (54475967533).jpg, April 2025]]

In April 2025, Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre and Finance Minister Jens Stoltenberg visited Trump at the White House to discuss the war in Ukraine, trade relations, and Arctic cooperation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/past-events/president-trump-participates-in-a-bilateral-meeting-with-the-prime-minister-of-norway-apr-24-2025/|title=President Trump Participates in a Bilateral Meeting with the Prime Minister of Norway}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/04/24/trump-presidency-news/|title=Ukraine-Russia war is largely the focus as Trump hosts Norwegian officials}}

{{Main|Poland–United States relations}}

File:President Donald Trump meets with Polish President Andrzej Duda (54348192606).jpg, February 2025]]

On February 22, 2025, Polish president Andrzej Duda met with Donald Trump as the first European head of state during Trump's 2nd term.{{Cite web |last=Tilles |first=Daniel |date=February 22, 2025 |title=Poland's President Duda meets Trump on sidelines of CPAC |url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/02/22/polands-president-duda-meets-trump-on-sidelines-of-cpac/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=Notes From Poland |language=en-US}} On February 28 during briefing in the Oval Office Trump stated: "I am very committed to Poland. I think Poland has really risen to the occasion and done a great job for NATO. As you know, they paid more than they had to. They are one of the best groups of people I have ever met".{{Cite web |last=mp |date=March 1, 2025 |title=President Trump: "I Am Very Committed to Poland" |url=https://polanddaily24.com/president-trump-i-am-very-committed-to-poland/global-politics/52467 |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=PolandDaily24.com |language=en-US}}

{{Main|Portugal–United States relations}}

On March 14, 2025, Portugal's Defense Minister Nuno Melo stated that the country may opt for European jets over U.S. F-35s, citing concerns over President Donald Trump's unpredictable NATO stance and perceived pro-Russia shift.{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/portugal-wary-trumps-nato-policy-pick-fighter-jets-2025-03-14/ | title=Portugal wary of Trump's NATO policy in pick of fighter jets | work=Reuters | date=March 14, 2025 }}

{{Main|United Kingdom–United States relations}}

File:Starmer-Trump bilateral 2025-02-27-17-54.jpg, February 2025]]

In November 2024, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer offered his congratulations to Trump on a phone call after he won the 2024 US presidential election, along with other world leaders, saying "I look forward to working with you in the years ahead. I know that the UK-US special relationship will continue to prosper on both sides of the Atlantic for years to come."{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2024 |title=Keir Starmer congratulates Donald Trump in first call after US election |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cz0m9d2dng1o |access-date=November 27, 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}

Trump held a meeting with Starmer at the White House in February 2025, where Trump accepted King Charles III's request for Trump to go on a state visit to the UK.{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2025 |title=Key takeaways from Keir Starmer's talks with Donald Trump |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgee7rl24ro |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=Starmer secured wins for UK at Trump meeting - here's how |url=https://news.sky.com/story/keir-starmer-was-an-unlikely-war-footing-leader-but-he-is-finding-a-way-13318429 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}} Starmer acknowledged Trump's historical ties and affection for the UK, saying that "The United Kingdom and United States will work together to ensure the success of both our countries and deliver for people on both sides of the Atlantic."{{cite press release |title=PM statement ahead of President Trump's Inauguration: 19 January 2025 |date=January 19, 2025 |publisher=Crown |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-statement-ahead-of-president-trumps-inauguration-19-january-2025 |access-date=January 22, 2025}}

{{further|Russia–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)|Ukraine–United States relations#Second Trump presidency (2025–present)|Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine}}

File:Russo-Ukrainian War January 20 2025.png

In January 2025, the Russo-Ukrainian War remains a protracted and attritional conflict, with frontlines largely static despite ongoing offensives. Russia maintains operational momentum, making incremental gains in the Donbas and southern Ukraine, but faces heavy losses in manpower and equipment. Ukraine, while resilient, faces growing logistical challenges, relying on dwindling Western military aid and precision strikes to counter Russian assaults. The war has evolved into high-intensity trench warfare, marked by drone technology, artillery duels, and attritional urban combat.{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-january-2-2025 |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Institute for the Study of War |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-january-24-2025 |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Institute for the Study of War |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Five war scenarios: What to expect on frontlines in 2025 and prospects for talks with Russia |url=https://newsukraine.rbc.ua/analytics/five-war-scenarios-what-to-expect-on-frontlines-1734936369.html |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=RBC-Ukraine |language=en}}{{Cite news |title=Infographic: The Countries Sending the Most Aid to Ukraine |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/28489/ukrainian-military-humanitarian-and-financial-aid-donors/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250304012444/https://www.statista.com/chart/28489/ukrainian-military-humanitarian-and-financial-aid-donors/ |archive-date=March 4, 2025 |access-date=March 6, 2025 |work=Statista Daily Data |language=en-US}}{{Cite report |url=https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/03/consequences-of-the-war-in-ukraine-the-economic-fallout.html |title=Consequences of the War in Ukraine: The Economic Fallout |last=Jenkins |first=Brian Michael |date=March 7, 2023 |language=en}}

There is a growing number of desertions in both the Ukrainian and Russian armed forces.{{cite news |title=50,000 Russian Troops Have Deserted |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2025/03/08/50000-russian-troops-have-deserted/ |work=Forbes |date=March 8, 2025}}{{cite news |title=Desertion threatens to starve Ukraine's forces at a crucial time in its war with Russia |url=https://apnews.com/article/deserters-awol-ukraine-russia-war-def676562552d42bc5d593363c9e5ea0 |work=AP News |date=November 29, 2024}} Ukraine's economy continues to function, sustained by foreign financial aid, while Russia's wartime economy remains stable despite international sanctions. Morale remains high among Ukrainian forces, though exhaustion is evident, while reports suggest growing Russian discontent among mobilized troops. The global impact of the war intensifies, with European nations increasing defense spending and China, Iran, and North Korea providing indirect support to Russia. With NATO stockpiles under strain and U.S. policy uncertain under the new Trump administration, the war's trajectory remains unclear. The Biden administration's policy of sustained military aid has ended, raising concerns over potential negotiations that could favor Moscow and shift the balance of power in Europe.

File:Secretary Rubio Attends Talks Between U.S. VP and Ukrainian President (54327775555).jpg

On the Russo-Ukrainian War, Trump vowed that even before he was inaugurated, he would negotiate an end to the war in a day.{{cite news |title=Trump promises to 'settle' war in Ukraine if elected |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-trump-promises-to-settle-war-in-ukraine-if-elected |work=PBS Newshour |date=September 11, 2024}} He also vowed to stop the "endless flow of American treasure to Ukraine", and make Europeans reimburse the U.S. the cost of rebuilding its old stockpiles.{{cite news |last1=Colvin |first1=Jill |date=November 12, 2023 |title=Trump's plans if he returns to the White House include deportation raids, tariffs and mass firings |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-policies-agenda-election-2024-second-term-d656d8f08629a8da14a65c4075545e0f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210193036/https://apnews.com/article/trump-policies-agenda-election-2024-second-term-d656d8f08629a8da14a65c4075545e0f |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |access-date=December 10, 2023 |publisher=Associated Press}} However, critics have pointed out that most of the money set aside for Ukraine actually goes to American companies, factories and workers who make weapons and military equipment.{{cite news |last1=Stengle |first1=Jamie |last2=Boak |first2=Josh |date=February 20, 2024 |title=Biden wants people to know most of the money he's seeking for Ukraine would be spent in the US |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-ukraine-johnson-factories-aid-62cbb83a184fd14b1573e25a73475767 |access-date=December 9, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en}}{{cite web |last1=Masters |first1=Jonathan |last2=Merrow |first2=Will |date=September 27, 2024 |title=How Much U.S. Aid Is Going to Ukraine? |url=https://www.cfr.org/article/how-much-us-aid-going-ukraine |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |format=}}{{cite web |title=Fact Sheet: US Assistance to Ukraine |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/fact-sheet-us-assistance-ukraine |publisher=Institute for the Study of War}}

Retired lieutenant general Keith Kellogg and Frederick H. Fleitz, who both served in Trump's National Security Council staff, had presented Trump with a detailed peace plan to end Russia's war in Ukraine. The plan aims to force the two sides into peace talks and a ceasefire based on the current frontlines. If Ukraine refused to enter peace talks, weapons supplies would be stopped; if Russia refused peace talks, weapons supplies to Ukraine would be increased.{{cite news |last1=Slattery |first1=Gram |last2=Lewis |first2=Simon |date=June 25, 2024 |title=Exclusive-Trump handed plan to halt US military aid to Kyiv unless it talks peace with Moscow |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-reviews-plan-halt-us-military-aid-ukraine-unless-it-negotiates-peace-with-2024-06-25/ |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240627051959/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-reviews-plan-halt-us-military-aid-ukraine-unless-it-negotiates-peace-with-2024-06-25/ |archive-date=June 27, 2024 |access-date=August 18, 2024 |publisher=Reuters}}

Following his victory, Trump warned that he would impose high tariffs and further sanctions on Russia if Vladimir Putin did not make a "deal" to end the war against Ukraine.{{cite news |title=Trump Tells Putin to Make Ukraine Deal 'Now' or Face Tougher Sanctions |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/01/22/trump-tells-putin-to-make-ukraine-deal-now-or-face-tougher-sanctions-a87707 |work=The Moscow Times |date=January 22, 2025}} Trump said he was "not looking to hurt Russia" and had "always had a very good relationship with President Putin," for whom he has expressed admiration.

File:250212-D-PM193-1432 (54323604544).jpg

Trump's presidency marked a reversal of Biden's policy towards Ukraine and the Russian invasion. On February 12, 2025, at the first meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group after Trump was inaugurated, new US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth said a return to Ukraine's pre-2014 borders was "an unrealistic objective" and that attempting to regain all territory "will only prolong the war". He said that Ukraine must have "robust security guarantees", but that the "United States does not believe that NATO membership for Ukraine is a realistic outcome of a negotiated settlement". The US expects Europe to provide more financial and military assistance for Ukraine, while the US concentrates on its own security. Hegseth said that no US troops would be deployed as peacekeepers to Ukraine.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/12/world/europe/ukraine-war-hegseth-nato.html |title=Hegseth Says Return to Ukraine's Prewar Borders Is 'Unrealistic' |last=Erlanger |first=Steven |newspaper=New York Times |url-access=subscription |date=February 12, 2025 |access-date=February 12, 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250212151840/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/12/world/europe/ukraine-war-hegseth-nato.html |archive-date=February 12, 2025}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/12/us-no-longer-primarily-focused-on-europes-security-says-pete-hegseth |title=US no longer 'primarily focused' on Europe's security, says Pete Hegseth |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 12, 2025 |access-date=February 12, 2025}}

Later that day Trump said he held a "highly productive phone call" with Russian President Putin agreed to "have our respective teams start negotiations immediately". They also agreed to visit each other's countries.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/12/trump-putin-ukraine-ceasefireg |title=Trump says he has spoken to Putin and agreed to negotiate Ukraine ceasefire |last1=Roth |first1=Andrew |last2=Sabbagh |first2=Dan |last3=Sauer |first3=Pjotr |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 12, 2025 |access-date=February 12, 2025}} Trump also held a phone call with president Zelenskyy, who said: "Together with the US, we are charting our next steps to stop Russian aggression and ensure a lasting, reliable peace".

Ukraine and its European allies were alarmed by Trump unilaterally opening negotiations with Putin and apparently giving concessions to Russia.{{cite news |title=Europeans warn US against Ukraine deal 'behind our backs' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europeans-seek-ukraine-talks-role-after-trump-calls-putin-2025-02-13/ |work=Reuters |date=February 13, 2025}} Zelenskyy said that Ukraine would not accept an agreement made without it, while Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha said: "Nothing can be discussed on Ukraine without Ukraine". John Bolton, Donald Trump's national security adviser during his first presidency, said: "Trump has effectively surrendered to Putin before the negotiations have even begun ... The positions that Defense Secretary Hegseth announced ... constitute terms of a settlement that could have been written in the Kremlin".{{cite news |title=John Bolton denounces Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin peace talks |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/5142615-john-bolton-donald-trump-vladimir-putin-ukraine-talks/ |work=The Hill |date=February 13, 2025}}

The following day, Hegseth seemed to backtrack on his remarks and said that "everything is on the table" for negotiations.{{cite news |title=NATO membership for Ukraine not off the table, US official says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/nato-membership-ukraine-not-off-table-us-official-says-2025-02-13/ |work=Reuters |date=February 14, 2025}} On February 16, Marco Rubio stated that Ukraine and Europe would be part of any "real negotiations" to end the war.{{cite news |title=Rubio says "we have a long ways to go" before talks on ending Russia-Ukraine war |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/marco-rubio-russia-ukraine-peace-talks-face-the-nation/ |work=CBS News |date=February 17, 2025}} Trump said on the same day that Ukrainian President Zelenskyy "will be involved" in peace negotiations.{{cite news |title=US Secretary of State Marco Rubio says Ukraine and Europe will be part of 'real' peace talks |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/02/17/marco-rubio-says-ukraine-europe-will-be-part-of-real-peace-talks |work=Euronews |date=February 17, 2025}}

File:Secretary Rubio Holds a Meeting with Saudi Arabia and Russia (54334316072).jpg

On February 18, 2025, American and Russian delegations, headed by Marco Rubio and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, respectively, met in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to develop a framework for further negotiations on ending Russia's war in Ukraine. Rubio was accompanied by U.S. National Security Advisor Michael Waltz and Special Envoy Steve Witkoff.{{cite news |title=Russia and US agree to work toward ending Ukraine war in a remarkable diplomatic shift |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-riyadh-talks-trump-putin-rubio-0c3beebfef5839e9d509ff58239a6bc5 |work=AP News |date=February 18, 2025}} Ukraine was not invited to the talks in Saudi Arabia.{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2025 |title=U.S., Russia agree to "begin working on a path" to end Ukraine war, in meeting in Saudi Arabia with no Ukrainians - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-russia-meeting-improving-relations-ukraine-war/ |access-date=February 19, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}

According to Rubio, Trump wanted to know if Russia is serious about ending the war, and "the only way is to test them, to basically engage them and say, 'Okay, are you serious about ending the war? And if so, what are your demands? Are your public demands and your private demands different?'"{{cite news |title= Trump tells Putin, Zelenskyy to 'get together' to end war – DW – 02/22/2025|url=https://www.dw.com/en/trump-tells-putin-zelenskyy-to-get-together-to-end-war/a-71695121 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=February 22, 2025}}

On February 27, 2025, Trump extended a series of sanctions against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine for one year.{{cite news |title=Trump extends sanctions against Russia for year over invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3965214-trump-extends-sanctions-against-russia-for-year-over-invasion-of-ukraine.html |work=Ukrinform |date=February 27, 2025}}

It was reported on February 17, 2025, that the Trump administration had asked for the US to be given ownership of half of Ukraine's mineral and oil resources, as "payment" for US support.{{cite news |title=Zelenskyy tells aides to reject U.S. pitch for 50% of Ukraine's rare earth minerals |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/zelenskyy-tells-aides-reject-trump-pitch-ukraine-mineral-reserves-rcna192426 |work=NBC News |date=February 17, 2025}} Several days earlier, Trump had said:

"They [Ukraine] may make a deal. They may not make a deal. They may be Russian someday, or they may not be Russian someday. But I want this money back".{{cite news |title=Revealed: Trump's confidential plan to put Ukraine in a stranglehold |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/02/17/revealed-trump-confidential-plan-ukraine-stranglehold/?sfnsn=mo&msockid=0f8b3b04e04b64000e402e86e135654b |work=The Telegraph |date=17 February 2025}}

General terms and conditions of the agreement:{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/22/world/europe/ukraine-trump-minerals.html|title=U.S. Pressing Tough Demands in Revised Deal for Ukraine's Minerals|newspaper=The New York Times|language=uk|date=February 22, 2025|accessdate=February 22, 2025}}

• Ukraine has to give up 50% of its revenues from natural resources, including minerals, gas, oil, as well as revenues from ports, power plants and other infrastructure. The revenues should be directed to a fund in which the United States has 100% ownership. Ukraine should make contributions to the fund until it reaches $500 billion. The United States will have the right to receive revenues even from territories that Ukraine will liberate from Russian occupation in the future.
• The agreement does not provide any security guarantees for Ukraine and military support for Ukraine, and aims only to return the non-refundable aid that Ukraine received from the United States during the Russian invasion. At the same time, the US has the right to reinvest part of the proceeds in Ukraine's post-war reconstruction if it is profitable for the US.

The Ukrainians did not sign the agreement. Although Zelenskyy had offered the US a stake in Ukraine's resources for continued support, he reportedly rejected the proposal.{{cite news |title=US presented Ukraine with a document to access its minerals but offered almost nothing in return |url=https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-us-zelenskyy-agreement-trump-minerals-4d5eefcc44c9f17f330db98d81720b29 |work=Associated Press |date=February 17, 2025}} Zelenskyy said he was prepared to work on a "serious document" if it contained security guarantees, but said he could not "sell Ukraine away". According to The Telegraph, "Trump's demands would amount to a higher share of Ukrainian GDP than reparations imposed on Germany at the Versailles Treaty". On February 20, national security adviser Mike Waltz said that "Trump is obviously very frustrated" with Zelenskyy for not being "willing to take this opportunity that we have offered" with the minerals deal.{{cite news |title=The Ukraine minerals deal is a perfect metaphor for Trump's foreign policy |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/21/politics/trump-ukraine-mineral-deal-analysis/index.html |work=CNN |first1=Stephen |last1=Collinson |date=February 21, 2025}}

On February 23, 2025, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy at a press conference at the forum "Ukraine. Year 2025" forum, thanked the United States for its assistance and appreciated Trump's interest in the investment agreement, but expressed doubts about its benefits for Ukraine and its content:

First, let's look at the figure [$500 billion]. I know that Ukraine received $100 billion [from the US]. And this is a fact. That's why I'm not going to recognize $500 billion, no matter what anyone says. With all due respect to my partners, I am standing firm because this is the true situation and we [Ukrainians] are absolutely right. Secondly, I am not ready to fix even $100 billion [in the agreement], because we should not recognize the grant [non-refundable aid] as a debt. Whether Trump likes it or not... A grant is not a debt.{{cite web|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-zelenskyy-ssha-ukrayina-dopomoha/33324982.html|title=«Не маємо визнавати гранти як борги»: Зеленський щодо допомоги США|work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|language=uk|date=2025-02-23|accessdate=2025-02-23}}{{cite web|url=https://suspilne.media/955279-zelenskij-dae-preskonferenciu-naperedodni-tretih-rokovin-vijni-golovni-zaavi/|title=Зеленський дав пресконференцію напередодні третіх роковин повномасштабної війни. Головні заяви|publisher=Suspilne|language=uk|date=2025-02-23|accessdate=2025-02-23}}

The agreement was scheduled to be signed at 1pm (UTC−5) February 28, 2025, during a meeting at the White House, but after Trump and Vance got in a heated exchange with Zelensky on live television, the agreement was canceled.{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/f41c5483-63ab-494f-9d37-62453c7199d7|title=Trump and Zelenskyy's Oval Office meltdown will fill Putin with glee|publisher=Financial Times|language=en|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=February 28, 2025}}

American and European politicians point out that Trump lost the most lucrative deal of his life, which promised to bring the United States hundreds of billions of dollars, Zelenskyy lost a strategic security partner, and only Putin was the winner in this situation.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c625ex282zzt|title=Live Reporting|publisher=BBC News|language=en|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=February 28, 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/scoop-gop-ukraine-supporters-alarmed-after-explosive-trump-zelenskyy-meeting|title=SCOOP: GOP Ukraine supporters alarmed after explosive Trump, Zelenskyy meeting|publisher=Fox News|language=en|date=February 28, 2025|accessdate=February 28, 2025}}

On February 18, 2025, following the Riyadh meeting and Ukraine's rejection of the resources agreement, Trump seemingly blamed Ukraine for the Russian invasion. He said "You should have never started it. You could have made a deal".{{cite news |title=Zelenskyy hits back at Trump's comments, says Ukraine is not for sale |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/zelenskyy-trump-putin-war-ukraine-russia-started-rcna192765 |work=NBC News |date=February 19, 2025}}{{cite news |title=Fact-checking Trump claims about war in Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9814k2jlxko |work=BBC News |date=February 19, 2025}} He said that Ukraine should have new presidential elections, falsely claiming that president Zelenskyy's approval ratings were only 4%. This echoed Kremlin claims that the Ukrainian leader was illegitimate. Zelenskyy replied that Trump was living in a Russian "disinformation bubble".{{cite news |title=Zelenskyy says Trump is living in a Russian 'disinformation bubble' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/19/ukraine-zelenskyy-says-trump-living-in-russian-disinformation-bubble |work=The Guardian |date=February 19, 2025}} Recent polls found that 57% of Ukrainians trusted Zelenskyy. The head of Ukraine's digital affairs ministry argued that Zelenskyy's ratings were actually 4–5% higher than Trump's. Ukraine's constitution forbids elections during martial law; all parties in Ukraine's parliament want to put off elections until after the war; and polls show that few Ukrainians want an election in the midst of an invasion.

On February 19, 2025, Trump wrote on social media that Zelenskyy was a "Dictator without Elections".{{cite news |last1=Yilek |first1=Caitlin |title=Trump calls Zelenskyy a "dictator" after blaming Ukraine for Russia's invasion |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-zelenskyy-dictator-russia-ukraine-war/ |access-date=February 22, 2025 |work=CBS News |date=February 19, 2025}} Vice-president Vance warned Zelenskyy not to be "badmouthing" Trump.{{cite news |title=Trump tells 'dictator' Zelenskiy to move fast or lose Ukraine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/zelenskiy-says-trump-is-disinformation-bubble-ukraine-2025-02-19/ |work=Reuters |date=February 20, 2025}} On February 21, Trump said that Zelenskyy had been negotiating "with no cards" regarding the Russia-Ukraine war "for three years, and nothing got done", so Trump said of Zelenskyy: "I don't think he's very important to be at meetings" regarding the Russia-Ukraine war.{{cite news |last1=Marquez |first1=Alexandra |title=Trump says he's 'sick' of how Zelenskyy has handled Ukraine's war with Russia: 'He has no cards' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-says-sick-zelenskyy-handled-ukraines-war-russia-no-cards-rcna193189 |access-date=February 22, 2025 |work=NBC News |date=February 22, 2025}}

Trump's February 19 comments were criticized by many US allies. British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said that Zelenskyy is Ukraine's "democratically elected leader" and it is "perfectly reasonable" for Ukraine to "suspend elections during wartime as the UK did during World War Two".{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/clyrnjrjrr5o | title=Ukraine Russia war: Starmer backs Zelensky after Trump calls him 'dictator' |work=BBC News |date=February 19, 2025}} French President Emmanuel Macron said that Zelenskyy is Ukraine's "democratically elected leader." The French president added that this was "not the case for Vladimir Putin, who has been killing his opponents and manipulating his elections for a long time."{{cite web | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/20/macron-supports-zelensky-and-plans-to-urge-trump-against-being-weak-with-putin_6738394_4.html | title=Macron defends Zelensky, says he'll urge Trump against being 'weak' with Putin| website=Le Monde|date=February 20, 2025}} German Chancellor Olaf Scholz called Trump's comments "false and dangerous". Australia's Defence Minister Richard Marles replied that "the aggressor here is Russia". UN spokesperson Stephane Dujarric further pointed out that Trump's comments were incorrect. Several of Trump's fellow Republicans in Congress also disagreed that Zelenskyy was a dictator or that Ukraine bore responsibility for Russia's invasion. Another Trump ally, Reform UK leader Nigel Farage, disagreed with Trump's statements.{{cite news |title=Ukrainian leader not a dictator, says Farage |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0mw0r4xm0jo |work=BBC News |date=February 20, 2025}}

On February 21, Trump said that Russia attacked Ukraine, but blamed Zelenskyy and Biden for failing to prevent that.{{cite news |title=Donald Trump announces second round of Ukraine peace talks with Russian diplomats |url=https://www.euronews.com/2025/02/22/donald-trump-announces-second-round-of-ukraine-peace-talks-with-russian-diplomats |work=Euronews |date=February 22, 2025}} He further said that Zelenskyy and Putin should negotiate to prevent further killings of young soldiers and the deaths of "millions" of people.{{cite news |title=In reversal, Trump says Russia attacked Ukraine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-expects-ukraine-sign-critical-minerals-deal-soon-2025-02-21/ |work=Reuters |date=February 22, 2025}}

{{main|2025 Trump–Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting}}

File:President Trump and Ukrainian President Zelenskyy in Oval Office, Feb. 28, 2025.webm hold a bilateral meeting in the Oval Office, February 28, 2025]]

On February 28, 2025, Trump and Zelenskyy held a highly contentious, televised bilateral meeting in the Oval Office.{{Cite web |title=Live updates: Trump and Vance call Zelenskyy 'disrespectful' in Oval Office meeting when pushed for US security commitment |url=https://apnews.com/live/donald-trump-latest-news-2-28-2025 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}} The meeting abruptly ended without a clear resolution and without the expected signing of an agreement concerning Ukraine's rare earth minerals.{{Cite web |last1=Cone |first1=Allen |last2=Godfrey |first2=Paul |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Trump breaks off mineral talks with Ukraine, calls Zelensky 'disrespectful' in shouting match |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2025/02/28/Trump-Zelensky-hold-key-meeting/5021740746442 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=United Press International |language=en}}{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |last2=Varenikova |first2=Maria |last3=Méheut |first3=Constant |date=February 28, 2025 |title=The U.S.-Ukraine Mineral Deal Is Now In Peril: What We Know |url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/ukraine-mineral-deal-trump.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 1, 2025 |work=The New York Times}} Trump and Vance repeatedly criticized, made accusations, and raised their voices at Zelenskyy during the televised meeting. The incident marked the first time in U.S. history that a sitting president verbally attacked a visiting head of state on camera in such a manner.{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Tempers flare before Zelensky abruptly departs the White House without signing a minerals deal. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/02/28/us/trump-news/trump-zelensky-ukraine-russia-putin?smid=url-share |access-date=March 1, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Zeleny |first2=Jeff |last3=Maher |first3=Kit |last4=Collins |first4=Kaitlan |author-link4=Kaitlan Collins |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Trump, Vance castigate Zelensky in tense Oval Office meeting |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/28/politics/trump-zelensky-vance-oval-office/index.html |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}}

Leading up to the meeting, there were tensions between the Trump administration, which wanted Ukraine to make concessions to Russia in order to swiftly end the war, and Zelenskyy's government, which distrusted Russia's commitment to abide by its agreements without U.S. security guarantee of Ukraine.{{Cite web |title=Trump's Zelensky outburst a culmination of weeks of frustration |website=Radio New Zealand |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/543429/trump-s-zelensky-outburst-a-culmination-of-weeks-of-frustration}}{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2025 |title=Trump officials slam Zelenskyy, as Western leaders rally around Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/1/trump-officials-slam-zelenskyy-as-western-leaders-rally-around-ukraine |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=Al Jazeera}}{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Trump calls for 'immediate' ceasefire between Ukraine and Russia, but doubts Zelenskyy wants peace |url=https://www.theintelligencer.net/news/top-headlines/2025/02/trump-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-between-ukraine-and-russia-but-doubts-zelenskyy-wants-peace/ |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=The Intelligencer |language=en-US}}

The meeting was widely characterized by its confrontational and antagonistic tone, drawing significant criticism from the media and the international community. Nearly all U.S. allies, along with other global figures, swiftly voiced their support for Zelenskyy following the confrontation,{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2025 |title='Free world needs a new leader': Europe defends Zelenskyy after Trump attack |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/volodymyr-zelenskyy-donald-trump-jd-vance-oval-office-white-house-us-ukraine-war-russia/ |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |date=March 1, 2025 |title=European leaders rally behind Zelensky after explosive exchange with Trump |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/03/01/european-leaders-rally-behind-ukraine-after-trump-zelensky-white-house-clash_6738699_4.html |access-date=March 1, 2025 |work=Le Monde |language=en |agency=Agence France-Presse}} with many issuing statements that appeared to rebuke Trump's confrontational approach.{{Cite web |last=Haltiwanger |first=John |date=March 6, 2025 |title=Trump's Angry Meeting With Zelensky Prompts Reactions Worldwide |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/02/28/trump-zelensky-white-house-meeting-ukraine-global-reaction/ |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}} In contrast, Russian officials praised the outcome of the meeting and directed criticism toward Zelenskyy.{{Cite web |last=Ewing |first=Giselle Ruhiyyih |date=February 28, 2025 |title='The insolent pig finally got a proper slap': Russia celebrates Trump's Zelenskyy takedown |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/02/28/russia-reaction-trump-zelenskyy-meeting-00002741 |access-date=February 28, 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en}} In the U.S., reactions were divided along partisan lines – members of Trump's party, the Republican Party, largely commended his conduct, while members of the Democratic Party widely condemned it.{{Cite web |last1=McArthur |first1=Tom |last2=Lukiv |first2=Jaroslav |date=March 1, 2025 |title=Donald Trump accuses Zelensky of 'gambling with World War Three' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9dejydynngo |access-date=March 1, 2025 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=Democrats dismayed, Republicans applaud after White House says Trump kicked out Zelenskyy |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/democrats-decry-republicans-applaud-trumps-confrontation-zelenskyy/story?id=119305519 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=ABC News |language=en}} The meeting ended with Zelenskyy being asked to leave and a severance of negotiations.{{Cite magazine |last=Bennett |first=Brian |date=February 28, 2025 |title=Trump Cuts Off Talks With Zelensky After Heated Meeting |url=https://time.com/7262883/trump-zelensky-meeting/ |access-date=March 1, 2025 |magazine=TIME}} Three days after the meeting, the Trump administration suspended all military aid to Ukraine.{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/04/us-military-aid-ukraine-pause-trump-zelenskyy-updates | title=US suspends all military aid to Ukraine in wake of Trump-Zelenskyy row | work=The Guardian | last1=Roth | first1=Andrew | last2=Holmes | first2=Oliver }}

On March 3, 2025, following the contentious February 28 meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President Donald Trump ordered an indefinite pause on all U.S. military aid to Ukraine, citing dissatisfaction with Zelenskyy's commitment to peace negotiations with Russia. The decision impacts over $1 billion in arms and ammunition that had been slated for delivery to Ukraine. The White House stated that the pause was necessary to ensure that U.S. assistance was "contributing to a solution" rather than prolonging the conflict.{{Cite web |last1=Rucker |first1=Karah |last2=Duenez |first2=Diane |last3=Larsen |first3=Jake |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Trump orders pause of US military aid to Ukraine amid frustration with Zelenskyy |url=https://san.com/cc/trump-expresses-frustration-with-zelenskyy-suggests-support-may-wane/ |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=Straight Arrow News |language=en-US}} Critics argue it weakens Ukraine's defense, emboldens Russia, strains U.S. alliances, and worsens the humanitarian crisis.{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=Trump's halt on military aid will hurt Ukraine's defenses. But it may not be fatal |url=https://apnews.com/article/us-military-aid-halt-ukraine-explainer-123551e5d86b49fdaa977eae685d32a8 |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

On March 3, 2025, an anonymous but reportedly credible U.S. official claimed that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth ordered a pause on offensive cyberoperations against Russia by U.S. Cyber Command, scaling back efforts to counter digital threats from a key adversary. The decision, according to the U.S. official, does not impact cyberoperations by the CIA or the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency but follows other Trump administration rollbacks on cyber-related efforts at the FBI and other agencies.{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Hegseth orders suspension of Pentagon's offensive cyberoperations against Russia |url=https://apnews.com/article/cyber-command-russia-putin-trump-hegseth-c46ef1396e3980071cab81c27e0c0236 |access-date=March 5, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}} However, the Pentagon has since denied these claims, stating that no such order was given:

{{blockquote|text=TO BE CLEAR: @SecDef has neither canceled nor delayed any cyber operations directed against malicious Russian targets and there has been no stand-down order whatsoever from that priority.|author=U.S. Department of Defense Rapid Response|source=[https://x.com/DODResponse/status/1896960589605609627 X]}}

In response to the support and aid suspension, Zelenskyy expressed regret over the White House meeting, calling it "regrettable" and stating that it "did not go the way it was supposed to." He reaffirmed Ukraine's willingness to negotiate for peace and emphasized his desire for "constructive cooperation" with the United States. Zelenskyy also reiterated that Ukraine remains ready to sign a minerals deal with the U.S. "at any time and in any convenient format." The proposed deal would allocate half of all revenues from Ukraine's natural resources to a joint investment fund with the U.S., which Zelenskyy hoped would strengthen security guarantees and economic support for Ukraine.{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=Ukraine's Zelenskyy calls Oval Office spat with Trump 'regrettable' and is ready to work for peace |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-trump-zelenskyy-military-aid-2ce8b167f0ba948b2b606381192de71d |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

On March 5, 2025, the U.S. paused intelligence-sharing with Ukraine, increasing pressure on President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to negotiate peace with Russia. CIA Director John Ratcliffe suggested the move was temporary, stating, "the pause I think will go away." The decision, following a halt in U.S. military aid, sparked criticism, warning it would cost Ukrainian lives.{{Cite web |last=Landay |first=Jonathan |last2=Banco |first2=Erin |date=March 5, 2025 |title=US cuts intelligence for Ukraine, adding pressure for peace deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-cuts-off-intelligence-sharing-with-ukraine-ft-reports-2025-03-05/}}

File:Secretary Rubio and U.S. NSA Waltz meet with Ukrainian and Saudi Arabian Counterparts (54380933927).jpgOn March 11, 2025, Ukraine agreed to a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire with Russia, pending Moscow's acceptance. The announcement followed negotiations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where U.S. and Ukrainian officials reaffirmed their commitment to diplomacy. As part of the agreement, the Trump administration lifted its suspension of military aid and intelligence sharing with Ukraine. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio expressed hope that Russia would accept the ceasefire, stating, "The ball is now in their court." Ukrainian officials stressed the need for security guarantees to prevent future Russian invasions, warning that a temporary truce could allow Russia to reinforce its military position. Russian forces continue to occupy nearly one-fifth of Ukraine's territory.{{Cite web |last=Doornbos |first=Caitlin |date=March 11, 2025 |title=Ukraine agrees to US-proposed cease-fire with Russia as Washington lifts intelligence hold |url=https://nypost.com/2025/03/11/us-news/ukraine-agrees-to-us-proposed-ceasefire-as-washington-lifts-intelligence-hold/ |access-date=March 11, 2025 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2025 |title=US resumes military aid and intelligence sharing as Ukraine says it is open to a 30-day ceasefire |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-zelenskyy-us-saudi-arabia-ca9630cdccb0a8b904a77d6e134690b6 |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

In mid-March 2025, Russian President Vladimir Putin claimed a ceasefire would favor Ukraine and demanded Ukrainian forces in Kursk to surrender or die,{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Vladimir Putin sets out conditions for Ukraine ceasefire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp8l00l4rejo |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}} then rejected an unconditional ceasefire after a call with President Trump, stalling negotiations.{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2025 |title=Donald Trump says US had productive talks with Putin over Ukraine war |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce34g2e75zno |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}

In March 2025, the United States brokered a limited ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine, pausing strikes on Black Sea and energy infrastructure for 30 days starting March 18. Framed by the Trump administration as a pragmatic step to reduce escalation, critics argue the deal benefits Putin by protecting his oil refineries from Ukrainian drone attacks at a moment when those strikes are doing real damage, unlike Russia's Black Sea position, which is already lost, or its winter energy attacks, which are no longer relevant. Analysts believe Putin is using the pause to buy time, betting that the United States will gradually offer him more and more concessions. He likely sees Ukraine's Biden-era stockpiles running low and expects Trump will not replenish them at the same level, weakening Ukraine's long-term ability to fight.{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Things to know about the limited ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine brokered by the US |url=https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-russia-us-limited-ceasefire-4f1d4a835c52e8a37716ea21b32ccb0b |access-date=March 29, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

On April 24, 2025, Trump criticized Russia's missile and drone attack on Kyiv and Putin's determination to continue the war, posting on social media: "Not necessary, and very bad timing. Vladimir, STOP! 5000 soldiers a week are dying. Lets get the Peace Deal DONE!"{{cite news |title='Vladimir, STOP!' Trump says to Putin after deadliest Russian strike on Kyiv in months |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/russia-launches-massive-deadly-strike-kyiv-ukrainian-authorities/story?id=121113739 |work=ABC News |date=April 24, 2025}}

{{Main|Egypt–United States relations}}

File:Secretary Rubio Meets with Egyptian Foreign Minister (54319543896).jpg on February 10, 2025]]

In February 2025, Donald Trump proposed that the United States take over the Gaza Strip after relocating all Palestinians to Egypt and Jordan. He threatens Egypt with cutting off American aid if the country refuses his plan. In March 2025, Egypt proposed its own plan to rebuild the Gaza Strip, involving the United Nations and the Palestinian Authority. The Egyptian plan is rejected by the Trump administration.{{Cite web |last=Haltiwanger |first=John |date=March 6, 2025 |title=Who Will Rule Over Gaza After the War? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/03/06/gaza-war-reconstruction-plans-trump-egypt-arab-lapid/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}

{{Main|Iran–United States relations#Second Trump administration 2025–present|2025 US–Iran negotiations}}

By early 2025, Iran's regional influence significantly declined, after setbacks among its proxies and allies. Its proxies—Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Houthis—suffered major setbacks following the October 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel and the subsequent conflicts. The collapse of Bashar al-Assad's regime in Syria critically disrupted Iranian supply routes, severely impacting Hamas and Hezbollah.{{Cite web |last=Haltiwanger |first=John |date=March 6, 2025 |title=How Weakened Is Iran, Actually? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/01/22/iran-weakened-trump-israel-hezbollah-hamas-nuclear/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}} Russia, Iran's key ally, struggled to provide support as its prolonged war in Ukraine drained resources, further weakening the regional influence of the Iran-led axis.{{Cite web |title=New Russia-Iran Treaty Reveals the Limits of Their Partnership |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/politika/2025/01/russia-iran-strategic-agreement?lang=en |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |language=en}}

During Trump's first term (2017–2021), the U.S. withdrew from the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and imposed maximum-pressure sanctions, severely restricting Iran's oil exports and financial access. His administration sought to renegotiate the deal to impose stricter limits on Iran's nuclear program and curb its funding of regional proxies but failed to reach a new agreement.{{Cite web |title=President Donald J. Trump is Ending United States Participation in an Unacceptable Iran Deal – The White House |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-ending-united-states-participation-unacceptable-iran-deal/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov}} Under Biden (2021–2025), Iran's economy remained strained, though sanctions enforcement fluctuated. By early 2025, inflation soared, the currency collapsed, and domestic unrest intensified as Iran faced economic isolation while advancing its nuclear program.{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/iran-s-economy-minister-impeached-amid-rising-inflation-falling-currency/ar-AA1A5iAj?ocid=BingNewsVerp |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=www.msn.com}}

Iran's uniquely weakened position now presents a rare opportunity for the United States to reshape the region. During his first term, Trump abandoned the JCPOA in hopes of forging a tougher deal that would impose stricter limits on Iran's nuclear program and its proxy funding—a move that ultimately failed. Many analysts argue that had the original deal remained intact, it could have paved the way for regional stability and a structured U.S. withdrawal, reducing America's long-term military footprint.{{Cite web |last=Schumann |first=Anna |date=May 11, 2020 |title=A worthless withdrawal: Two years since President Trump abandoned the JCPOA |url=https://armscontrolcenter.org/a-worthless-withdrawal-two-years-since-president-trump-abandoned-the-jcpoa/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=September 9, 2024 |title=JCPOA: Understanding the Iran Nuclear Deal - The Asian Politico |url=https://theasianpolitico.com/2024/09/09/jcpoa-understanding-the-iran-nuclear-deal/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |language=en-US}} Now, with his second term just beginning, the stakes are high. If decisive steps are taken to secure a new comprehensive agreement, Iran's ambitions could be reined in, fostering stability and paving the way for an orderly exit of American forces. Conversely, without such bold action, there is a significant risk that U.S. troops could remain entrenched in the Middle East for decades to come.{{Cite web |last=Panikoff |first=Jonathan |date=March 6, 2025 |title=Will Trump Strike Iran or Strike a Deal? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/01/13/trump-iran-houthis-uae-saudi-diplomacy-nuclear-deal-maximum-pressure/ |access-date=March 6, 2025 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en-US}}

Elon Musk met with Iran's UN Ambassador, Saeid Iravani, on November 11, 2024.{{cite news |date=November 16, 2024 |title=Iranian official met with Musk in a possible step to ease tensions with Trump |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-musk-iran-united-states-c51088cb0ef284d2c5657408cd74c4e5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127031109/https://apnews.com/article/trump-musk-iran-united-states-c51088cb0ef284d2c5657408cd74c4e5 |archive-date=November 27, 2024 |access-date=November 16, 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en |quote=Iran's U.N. Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani met with Musk — a Trump ally named this week to advise his administration on ways to cut the federal government — on Monday in New York, according to a U.S. official briefed on the meeting by a foreign colleague.}}{{cite news |date=November 14, 2024 |title=Musk met with Iran's U.N. ambassador, Iranian officials say |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2024/nov/14/musk-met-with-irans-un-ambassador-iranian-official/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126201614/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2024/nov/14/musk-met-with-irans-un-ambassador-iranian-official/ |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |access-date=November 15, 2024 |website=The Spokesman-Review}} And in January 2025 Elon Musk reportedly helped Italy's prime minister Giorgia Meloni secure the release of Italian citizen Cecila Sala from an Iranian prison.{{cite news |last1=Fassihi |first1=Farnaz |last2=Bubola |first2=Emma |last3=Wong |first3=Edward |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Musk Said to Have Intervened to Help Free Italian Jailed in Iran |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/15/world/middleeast/musk-italy-iran-prisoner-exchange.html |work=The New York Times}}

In February 2025, President Donald Trump signed a National Security Presidential Memorandum{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2025 |title=Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Restores Maximum Pressure on Iran |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-restores-maximum-pressure-on-iran/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=The White House |language=en-US}} reinstating the "maximum pressure" campaign against Iran, aiming to compel Tehran to negotiate a new nuclear agreement while preventing its development of nuclear weapons and countering its regional influence. The memorandum mandates heightened economic sanctions targeting Iran's oil exports, with the objective of reducing them to zero, and directs the revocation of existing sanctions waivers. Trump stated he would rather make a deal than take military action against Iran,{{cite news |date=February 17, 2025 |title=Netanyahu seeks to draw Trump into future attack on Iranian nuclear sites |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/17/benjamin-netanyahu-israel-donald-trump-us-iran-nuclear-programme |work=The Guardian}} framing the pressure campaign as a means to force diplomacy. This policy has led to significant economic challenges within Iran, including a sharp currency depreciation and political instability, as evidenced by the resignation of key officials such as Vice President Mohammad Javad Zarif and the impeachment of Economy Minister Abdolnaser Hemmati.{{Cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Iran's vice-president and most prominent reformist resigns |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/03/iran-vice-president-reformist-resigns-mohammad-javad-zarif |access-date=March 3, 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} While proponents argue that these measures are necessary to curb Iran's nuclear ambitions and support for militant groups, critics contend that the campaign exacerbates humanitarian issues and regional tensions without effectively altering Iran's strategic behavior.

File:The White House - 54436540212.jpg

In March 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump confirmed that he sent a letter to Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, urging negotiations for a new nuclear agreement to replace the 2015 deal from which he withdrew in 2018. Emphasizing a preference for diplomacy, Trump warned of potential military action should negotiations fail.{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2025 |title=Trump says he sent a letter to Iran's supreme leader over country's advancing nuclear program |url=https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-trump-letter-khamenei-f78aeb869d146978b6d377184e236ef9 |access-date=March 7, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Crane |first=Emily |date=March 7, 2025 |title=Trump says he's pushing to negotiate nuclear deal with Iran |url=https://nypost.com/2025/03/07/us-news/trump-says-hes-pushing-to-negotiate-nuclear-deal-with-iran/ |access-date=March 7, 2025 |language=en-US}} Iran officially responded to Trump's letter via Oman on March 26, rejecting direct talks under pressure but leaving the door open to indirect negotiations.{{Cite web |title=Iran responds to Trump letter on nuclear talks, state media reports |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/27/iran-responds-to-trump-letter-on-restarting-nuclear-talks-state-media |access-date=March 29, 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}} Days later the U.S. deployed four B-2 Spirit stealth bombers to Diego Garcia—over 20% of the total B-2 fleet. Though officially aimed at deterring Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen, some analysts suggest the scale and capabilities of the deployment point to preparations for a potential strike on hardened Iranian nuclear targets like Fordow or Natanz, possibly in coordination with Israel.{{Cite web |last=Filseth |first=Trevor |date=March 28, 2025 |title=Diego Garcia Buildup: Is America Preparing to Attack Iran? |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/diego-garcia-buildup-is-america-preparing-to-attack-iran |access-date=March 29, 2025 |website=The National Interest |language=en-US}} On March 30, President Trump escalated pressure by threatening bombing “the likes of which [Iran has] never seen” and warning of secondary tariffs. The deployment and rhetoric are widely seen as part of a calculated pressure campaign to force Tehran back to the table, as Iran's uranium enrichment levels continue to exceed the limits set by the original 2015 accord.{{Cite web |last=Chiacu |first=Doina |last2=Ljunggren |first2=David |date=March 30, 2025 |title=Trump threatens bombing if Iran does not make nuclear deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/trump-says-there-will-be-bombing-if-iran-does-not-make-nuclear-deal-2025-03-30/ |website=reuters}}

On April 25, 2025, Trump said he would not let Netanyahu drag him into a war with Iran and was interested in meeting with Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, but threatened a joint Israeli-US military operation to thwart Iran's nuclear program if diplomacy failed.{{cite news |title=Trump: Israel won't drag us into war with Iran, but we'll lead the pack if no deal made |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-israel-wont-drag-us-into-war-with-iran-but-well-lead-the-pack-if-no-deal-made/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=April 25, 2025}}

On March 15, 2025, the U.S. launched airstrikes on Houthi targets in Yemen to counter attacks on Red Sea shipping. President Trump stated the strikes aimed to restore navigation freedom and deter further aggression. The Houthi-run health ministry reported 31 deaths and over 100 injuries. The Iran-backed group vowed to continue targeting vessels until Israel lifted its Gaza blockade. Trump warned of further action, urging Iran to withdraw support.{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2025 |title=US launches wave of air strikes on Yemen's Houthis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c05mvr3j3yro |access-date=March 19, 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}

In March 2025, the Trump administration accidentally included The Atlantic editor Jeffrey Goldberg in a Signal group chat discussing classified military plans to strike Houthi targets in Yemen. The chat involved top officials including Vice President JD Vance and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth. The leak, dubbed “Signalgate,” sparked bipartisan outrage and serious concerns over national security and operational discipline. President Trump dismissed the incident as a minor error, but critics called it a major intelligence failure.{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Jeffrey |date=March 24, 2025 |title=The Trump Administration Accidentally Texted Me Its War Plans |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2025/03/trump-administration-accidentally-texted-me-its-war-plans/682151/ |access-date=March 29, 2025 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}

{{Main|Israel–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)|Palestine–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)}}

File:President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.jpg, February 2025]]

Israeli-American billionaire Miriam Adelson supported Trump in the 2024 United States presidential election.{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2024 |title=Trump meets with GOP megadonor Miriam Adelson |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/trump-meets-with-gop-megadonor-miriam-adelson/ar-BB1i7lHp |access-date=February 22, 2024 |website=Politico}} Adelson sought support from candidate Trump for Israel's annexation of the West Bank, pledging more than $100 million to Trump's campaign in exchange for U.S. recognition of Israel's sovereignty over the region.{{cite news |last=Slyomovics |first=Nettanel |date=June 3, 2024 |title=Trump Is Desperate for Miriam Adelson's Cash. Her Condition: West Bank Annexation |url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-06-03/ty-article/.premium/trump-is-desperate-for-cash-but-donors-have-conditions/0000018f-df3a-db29-a3ef-ff3a27530000 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240823012916/https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/2024-06-03/ty-article/.premium/trump-is-desperate-for-cash-but-donors-have-conditions/0000018f-df3a-db29-a3ef-ff3a27530000 |archive-date=August 23, 2024 |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=Haaretz}}

In January 2025, the Times of Israel reported that Adelson gave Trump's campaign at least $100 million in October 2024.{{cite news |last=Cramer |first=Philissa |date=January 21, 2025 |title=Pro-Israel megadonor Miriam Adelson takes center stage at Trump's inauguration |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pro-israel-megadonor-miriam-adelson-takes-center-stage-at-trumps-inauguration/ |access-date=March 20, 2025 |website=Times of Israel}}

In his first term, Trump was considered one of the most pro-Israel presidents of the United States.{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-most-pro-jewish-pro-israel-president-history-opinion-1532332 |title=Donald Trump Is the Most Pro-Jewish, Pro-Israel President in History |last=Epshteyn |first=Boris |date=September 16, 2020 |magazine=Newsweek |access-date=November 17, 2024 |archive-date=December 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211055856/https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-most-pro-jewish-pro-israel-president-history-opinion-1532332 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bkssfmkz1e |title=Trump's top nine pro-Israel moves worth remembering |last=Hoffman |first=Maayan |date=November 6, 2024 |website=Ynet |access-date=November 17, 2024}} During his 2024 presidential campaign, Trump urged Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to end the war in Gaza within two months and opened the door to attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities.{{cite news|title=Trump gives Netanyahu two months to end the war in Gaza and opens the door to attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities|url=https://www.abc.es/internacional/trump-dos-meses-netanyahu-acabar-guerra-gaza-20241106171112-nt.html|publisher=ABC|date=November 6, 2024|access-date=November 6, 2024|archive-date=November 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121014636/https://www.abc.es/internacional/trump-dos-meses-netanyahu-acabar-guerra-gaza-20241106171112-nt.html|url-status=live}} Trump warned Hamas that they would have "all hell to pay" if the war did not end before he took office in January.{{cite news |title=Trump appears to threaten Hamas with 'all hell to pay' over hostages |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62757dd55no |access-date=December 4, 2024 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}} Following the election, Trump spoke with Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas for the first time since 2017.{{cite news|last=Stallings|first=Mason Letteau|title=Trump Announces Readiness to End Gaza War in Call With Abbas|url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/trump-announces-readiness-to-end-gaza-war-in-call-with-abbas/|work=American Conservative|date=November 8, 2024}} During their phone call, Trump expressed his desire to quickly end the war in Gaza.{{cite news|last=Ravid|first=Barak|title=Trump tells Palestinian president he wants to end Gaza war|url=https://www.axios.com/2024/11/08/trump-abbas-call-end-gaza-war|work=Axios|date=November 8, 2024|archive-date=December 4, 2024|access-date=November 15, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204202322/https://www.axios.com/2024/11/08/trump-abbas-call-end-gaza-war|url-status=live}}

Trump's son-in-law and former White House senior advisor Jared Kushner is expected to play a key role in the future United States' Middle East policy as an outside presidential adviser. Being pro-Israel and having ties with several Arab leaders, Kushner previously helped to broker the Abraham Accords during Trump's first presidency.{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/kushner-said-expected-to-play-key-role-in-trumps-mideast-policy |title=Kushner said expected to play key role in Trump's Mideast policy |date=November 16, 2024 |newspaper=The Times of Israel |access-date=November 17, 2024}} Most of Trump's advisors and appointees are considered staunch supporters of the Jewish state,{{cite news |url=https://www.thejc.com/lets-talk/analysis/will-trumps-new-cabinet-be-good-for-israel-letss3ci |title=Will Trump's new cabinet be good for Israel? |last=Langsam Braunstein |first=Melissa |date=November 12, 2024 |newspaper=The Jewish Chronicle |access-date=November 17, 2024 |archive-date=November 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128102105/https://www.thejc.com/lets-talk/analysis/will-trumps-new-cabinet-be-good-for-israel-letss3ci |url-status=live}}{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/news/674101/trump-cabinet-israel-rubio-huckabee-jewish |title=Your complete guide to Trump's Jewish advisers and pro-Israel cabinet |last=Kornbluh |first=Jacob |date=November 13, 2024 |newspaper=The Forward |access-date=November 17, 2024 |archive-date=December 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203220418/https://forward.com/news/674101/trump-cabinet-israel-rubio-huckabee-jewish/ |url-status=live}} including Pete Hegseth, Mike Huckabee, Robert F. Kennedy Jr.,{{cite news |title=Robert F. Kennedy Jr hailed for 'single greatest defense of Israel': 'Worth three minutes of your time' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/us-news/robert-f-kennedy-jr-hailed-for-single-greatest-defense-of-israel-worth-three-minutes-of-your-time-101702960343411.html |work=The Hindustan Times |date=December 19, 2023}} John Ratcliffe, Marco Rubio, Elise Stefanik, and Michael Waltz.{{cite news |url=https://forward.com/opinion/674533/trump-rubio-huckabee-stefanik-israel |title=Trump's first picks are die-hard Israel supporters, mocking the pro-Palestinian protest vote |last=Eshman |first=Rob |date=November 13, 2024 |newspaper=The Forward |access-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-date=December 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207074331/https://forward.com/opinion/674533/trump-rubio-huckabee-stefanik-israel |url-status=live}} Lebanese-American businessman Massad Boulos, who was appointed as a senior advisor on Arab and Middle Eastern Affairs and has ties with Lebanese politicians, is viewed as an intermediary between Trump and Arab leaders.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/10/world/middleeast/trump-palestinians-abbas-gaza-war.html |title=Palestinians Try to Sway Trump, Reaching Out to Tiffany Trump's Relative |last1=Hasgon |first1=Adam |last2=Homans |first2=Charles |date=November 10, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 6, 2024}} While Special Envoy for the Middle East Steve Witkoff is expected to deal with Israel, Boulos will help in negotiations with the Arab world.{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-says-lebanese-american-in-law-will-be-senior-aide-on-arab-and-mideast-affairs |title=Trump says Lebanese-American in-law will be senior aide on Arab and Mideast affairs |last=Magid |first=Jacob |date=December 1, 2024 |newspaper=The Times of Israel |access-date=December 6, 2024 |archive-date=December 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207153412/https://www.timesofisrael.com/trump-says-lebanese-american-in-law-will-be-senior-aide-on-arab-and-mideast-affairs/ |url-status=live}}

File:Gaza Ceasefire January 20 2025.png

Days before the inauguration of the administration, a ceasefire agreement was reached between Israel and Hamas.{{cite news|title=US says Gaza ceasefire to start as planned despite 'loose end'|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-hamas-ceasefire-accord-followed-by-airstrikes-gaza-residents-say-2025-01-16/|publisher=Reuters|date=January 16, 2025|access-date=January 17, 2025}} Trump and Biden both claimed credit for the ceasefire deal, with the former describing it as "EPIC".{{cite news|last1=Lee|first1=Matthew|last2=Madhani|first2=Aamer|last3=Knickmeyer|first3=Ellen|title=Trump and Biden both claim credit for Gaza ceasefire deal|url=https://apnews.com/article/gaza-ceasefire-trump-biden-israel-hamas-0e6c324ba0e3e9413bafe740fdefebc6|publisher=Associated Press|date=January 15, 2025}} Several media sources, including Haaretz and The Times of Israel, credited Trump and Witkoff as responsible.{{cite news|last=Dettmer|first=Jamie|title=Trump was 'the closer' on Gaza cease-fire deal|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-was-the-closer-on-the-gaza-deal/|work=Politico|date=January 17, 2025}}{{cite news|last=Harb|first=Ali|title=Trump's role in Gaza ceasefire fuels Arab American anger with Biden|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/17/trumps-role-in-gaza-ceasefire-fuels-arab-american-anger-with-biden|publisher=Al Jazeera English|date=January 17, 2025}}

In early February 2025, after talks with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, President Trump announced that the U.S. would “take over” and “own” the Gaza Strip, suggesting the forced relocation of Palestinians and its redevelopment. Donald Trump's Gaza Strip proposal sparked international backlash, with the UN condemning it as ethnic cleansing, Arab nations rejecting it over regional stability concerns, and human rights groups calling it a war crime. Netanyahu praised the plan.{{cite news |title=Israel tells army to prepare plans for Palestinians to voluntarily leave Gaza |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/06/israel-tells-army-to-prepare-plan-for-palestinians-to-voluntarily-leave-gaza |work=The Guardian |date=February 6, 2025}} Amid mounting pressure, Trump later stated that the U.S. would not enforce the takeover but would recommend it as a solution.{{Cite web |title=Trump says US will 'take over' and 'own' Gaza in redevelopment plan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/5/trump-says-us-will-take-over-and-own-gaza-in-redevelopment-plan |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

In March 2025, Israel, with Trump administration backing, launched airstrikes on Gaza, killing over 400 and ending a ceasefire. The strikes followed a dispute over hostage releases, with Israel demanding Hamas free half of the remaining hostages before extending the truce, while Hamas insisted on continuing negotiations and adhering to the original ceasefire agreement of January 2025.{{Cite news |date=March 3, 2025 |title=Israel stops aid delivery to Gaza until Hamas accepts U.S. ceasefire extension |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/03/03/nx-s1-5314914/israel-stops-aid-delivery-to-gaza-until-hamas-accepts-u-s-ceasefire-extension |access-date=March 19, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2025 |title=Israel resumes strikes in Gaza after 2-month ceasefire, reportedly killing hundreds and promising increased force against Hamas |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-launches-strikes-hamas-netanyahu/ |access-date=March 19, 2025 |website=CBS News |language=en-US}} The White House confirmed Israel consulted Trump beforehand, and Trump warned of severe consequences for Hamas. In response, Yemen's Houthis launched missiles at Israel, which were intercepted, while the U.S. struck Houthi targets in Yemen.{{Cite news |last=SHURAFA |first=WAFAA |last2=FEDERMAN |first2=JOSEF |last3=MAGDY |first3=SAMY |date=March 18, 2025 |title=Netanyahu says Israeli strikes across Gaza that killed hundreds are 'only the beginning' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-israel-launches-deadly-wave-of-airstrikes-across-gaza-killing-at-least-200-after-truce-talks-stall/ |access-date= |work=The Hill |agency=Associated Press }}

{{Main|Jordan–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)}}

File:President Donald J. Trump and King Abdullah II of Jordan.jpg in February 2025]]

In February 2025, Donald Trump proposed that the United States take over the Gaza Strip after relocating all Palestinians to Jordan and Egypt. He threatened to cut off American aid if Jordan refuses his plan.

{{Main|Syria–United States relations#Second Trump administration (2025–present)}}

File:President Donald Trump with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman and President of Syria Ahmed al-Sharaa (2025) (cropped).jpg and Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 14, 2025]]

In the Syrian civil war, the Syrian opposition launched an offensive against the pro-government Syrian Armed Forces in late November 2024, capturing the large cities of Aleppo and Hama. As opposition forces continued to close in on Damascus, President-elect Trump stated on December 7 that the U.S. should stay out of the conflict, stating "THIS IS NOT OUR FIGHT" in a social media post.{{cite news |title=Trump says US should stay out of fighting in Syria as opposition forces gain ground |first=Ellen |last=Knickmeyer |display-authors=etal |publisher=Associated Press |date=December 7, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024 |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-syria-biden-administration-rebels-assad-72015f143aa6b40bb62c09724c71e34f |archive-date=December 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207224114/https://apnews.com/article/trump-syria-biden-administration-rebels-assad-72015f143aa6b40bb62c09724c71e34f |url-status=live}} Rebel groups captured Damascus the next day, December 8, as government forces surrendered and president Bashar al-Assad reportedly fled the country.{{cite news |title=Syrian rebels claim Damascus 'liberated' as Assad regime's defenses crumble |first=Eyad |last=Kourdi |display-authors=etal |publisher=CNN |date=December 8, 2024 |access-date=December 8, 2024 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/07/middleeast/syria-rebels-homs-damascus-assad-intl/index.html |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208013720/https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/07/middleeast/syria-rebels-homs-damascus-assad-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}

On January 30, 2025, the United States Central Command conducted an airstrike, killing senior Hurras al-Din operative Muhammad Salah al-Za'bir, inside Syria.{{cite web |author1=United States Central Command |title=CENTCOM Forces Kill Senior Operative of Terror Group Hurras al-Din, an Al-Qaeda Affiliate |url=https://x.com/CENTCOM/status/1885119568814776513 |website=𝕏 (Formerly Twitter) |publisher=United States Department of Defense |date=January 30, 2025}}

On March 9, 2025, Secretary of State Rubio condemned the massacres of Syrian minorities committed by pro-government fighters during clashes in western Syria in March 2025. He further indicated that "the United States stands with Syria's religious and ethnic minorities, including its Christian, Druze, Alawite, and Kurdish communities" and that the "perpetrators of these massacres against Syria's minority communities" should be held accountable.{{cite news |title=Rubio says Syria must hold accountable 'perpetrators of massacres' |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/rubio-says-syria-must-hold-accountable-perpetrators-of-massacres-/8004267.html |work=VOA News |date=March 9, 2025}}

File:Secretary Rubio Meets with Indo-Pacific Quad Foreign Leaders (54280476688).jpg member countries' foreign ministers; S. Jaishankar, Penny Wong, and Takeshi Iwaya, 2025]]

During his 2024 presidential campaign, Donald Trump emphasized an "America First" foreign policy, advocating for reduced U.S. involvement in international organizations and a reevaluation of global commitments. Building upon his first term's actions—such as withdrawing from the Paris Agreement and the World Health Organization—his second term is expected to further this agenda. Anticipated policies include reassessing NATO obligations, potentially imposing sanctions on the International Criminal Court, and significantly reducing foreign aid through agencies like USAID. These measures reflect a continued focus on national sovereignty and a departure from traditional multilateral engagements.{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2025 |title=President Trump's America First Priorities |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/01/president-trumps-america-first-priorities/ |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}

As one of his first acts as president, Trump withdrew the U.S. from the Paris Agreement and from the World Health Organization.{{cite news |first1=Nate |last1=Perez |first2=Rachel |last2=Waldholz |title=Trump is withdrawing from the Paris Agreement (again), reversing U.S. climate policy |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5266207/trump-paris-agreement-biden-climate-change |publisher=NPR |date=January 21, 2025 |access-date=January 21, 2025 |quote=President Donald Trump is withdrawing the United States from the Paris Agreement}}{{cite news |title=Trump will pull the US out of the World Health Organization again. Here's what it means |url=https://www.euronews.com/health/2025/01/21/trump-will-pull-the-us-out-of-the-world-health-organization-again-heres-what-it-means |website=Euronews |date=January 21, 2025 |access-date=January 21, 2025 |quote=US President Donald Trump began the process of withdrawing the US from the World Health Organization}}

On January 24, 2025, Secretary of State Marco Rubio announced the United States had rejoined the Geneva Consensus Declaration.{{Cite web |title=United States Renewed Membership in the Geneva Consensus Declaration on Promoting Women's Health and Strengthening the Family |url=https://www.state.gov/united-states-renewed-membership-in-the-geneva-consensus-declaration-on-promoting-womens-health-and-strengthening-the-family/ |access-date=January 25, 2025 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}

In January 2025, the Trump administration announced a reduction of over 90% in the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) foreign aid contracts, as part of a broader $60 billion cut to U.S. foreign assistance programs.{{cite news |last=Holland |first=Steve |title=Trump cuts foreign aid programs by $60 billion |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-cuts-foreign-aid-programs-2025-01-12/ |work=Reuters |date=January 12, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} According to administration officials, the cuts were intended to reduce federal expenditures and redirect resources toward domestic priorities.{{cite web |title=Statement from the White House on Foreign Aid Reforms |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/12/foreign-aid-reforms/ |publisher=The White House |date=January 12, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} Supporters argued that the move would help eliminate inefficiencies and reduce the risk of mismanagement in overseas assistance programs.{{cite web |title=Foreign Aid Reform Long Overdue |url=https://www.cato.org/commentary/foreign-aid-reform-long-overdue |publisher=Cato Institute |date=January 14, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}}

Critics, however, raised concerns that the reductions could weaken U.S. diplomatic engagement and global health initiatives.{{cite web |title=Foreign Aid Cuts May Undermine U.S. Influence Abroad |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/foreign-aid-cuts-may-undermine-us-influence-abroad/ |publisher=Brookings Institution |date=January 15, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}} Some analysts noted that reducing foreign assistance might create strategic openings for rival powers such as China to expand their international influence.{{cite news |title=Aid Vacuum Gives China Room to Grow |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/01/20/us-aid-cuts-china-global-influence/ |work=Foreign Policy |date=January 20, 2025 |access-date=April 5, 2025}}

On February 6, 2025, it was announced that Trump would sign an executive order that would sanction the International Criminal Court, that would reportedly accuse the ICC of improperly targeting US and Israeli individuals. It would include both financial sanctions and visa restrictions against an undetermined number of ICC officials and their families that would have assisted the ICC in investigating US citizens of allies.{{Cite web |last=Haake |first=Garrett |date=February 6, 2025 |title=Trump to sign an executive order sanctioning the International Criminal Court |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-executive-order-sanctioning-international-criminal-court-rcna191018 |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}}

File:President Donald Trump meets with the Secretary General of NATO, Mark Rutte, in the Oval Office.jpg on March 13, 2025]]

Trump has repeatedly stated that he, as the president, would not commit to defending NATO member states that are not spending at least 2% of their GDP on defense. Additionally, Vice President-elect JD Vance has stated that in his view NATO is a "welfare client" and that it should be "a real alliance".{{cite news |last=Roeloffs |first=Mary Whitfill |date=November 7, 2024 |title=Trump Has Vowed To Reevaluate NATO And Reshape Global Trade: What He's Said About Foreign Policy |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/11/07/trump-has-vowed-to-reevaluate-nato-and-reshape-global-trade-what-hes-said-about-foreign-policy/ |access-date=November 14, 2024 |website=Forbes|language=en |archive-date=November 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126211553/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2024/11/07/trump-has-vowed-to-reevaluate-nato-and-reshape-global-trade-what-hes-said-about-foreign-policy/ |url-status=live}}

In early 2025, Trump's administration significantly scaled back U.S. involvement with the United Nations, citing concerns about sovereignty, accountability, and alignment with American interests. The administration withdrew from key UN bodies, including the Human Rights Council and the UN climate damage fund, and halted all funding to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), accusing the latter of anti-Israel bias and ties to Hamas.{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2025 |title=Trump announces withdrawal from UN human rights body and halt to funding for Palestinian refugees |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-un-human-rights-palestinian-refugees-israel-05e1d57bbb41df38771d1ab69adb21a3# |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2025 |title=In another climate and money withdrawal, US pulls out of climate damage compensation fund |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-climate-compensation-fund-withdrawal-0a74bfb4c2b82ed2748f890bb5b604e5 |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

Trump further distanced the U.S. from multilateral consensus by rejecting the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on March 11, 2025, arguing they conflicted with U.S. sovereignty. These decisions triggered budget cuts affecting UN humanitarian efforts, notably the UN World Food Program, which subsequently reduced critical aid to Myanmar.{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Dashveenjit |date=March 11, 2025 |title=US abandons UN Sustainable Development Goals: Policy reversal explained |url=https://sustainability-news.net/explainers/us-abandons-un-sustainable-development-goals/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=Sustainability News: The latest news, insights and analysis for business |language=en-GB}}

Additionally, the administration intensified scrutiny of UN humanitarian agencies, demanding disclosures of any ties to communism, socialism, or perceived anti-American ideologies. It also required clarification regarding their involvement in diversity, equity, inclusion, and climate initiatives.{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2025 |title=The Trump administration demands UN agencies disclose any 'anti-American' ties |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/the-trump-administration-demands-un-agencies-disclose-any-anti-american-ties/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=CTVNews |language=en |agency=The Associated Press }}

In a significant shift reflecting Trump's emphasis on sovereignty and bilateral relations, the U.S. voted alongside nations such as North Korea and Syria against a February 24, 2025, UN General Assembly resolution condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine. International criticism intensified, exemplified by Lord Soames of Fletching, who condemned Trump's alignment with Russia and questioned his commitment to traditional alliances.{{Cite news |date=February 24, 2025 |title=U.S. votes against a U.N. resolution urging Russia's withdrawal from Ukraine |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/24/g-s1-50473/un-ukraine-resolution-russia |access-date=March 14, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en |agency=The Associated Press }}

{{See also|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|Foreign trade of the United States}}

{{Main|Mar-a-Lago Accord}}

The term "Mar-a-Lago Accord" refers to an international agreement proposed by Stephen Miran{{cite web |last1=Miran |first1=Stephen |author1-link=Stephen Miran |title=A User's Guide to Restructuring the Global Trading System |url=https://www.hudsonbaycapital.com/documents/FG/hudsonbay/research/638199_A_Users_Guide_to_Restructuring_the_Global_Trading_System.pdf |publisher=Hudson Bay Capital |access-date=April 2, 2025 |language=en-US |format=PDF |date=November 2024}} before joining the Trump administration aimed at devaluing the U.S. dollar to address trade imbalances and enhance American economic competitiveness. Drawing parallels to the 1985 Plaza Accord, which successfully depreciated the dollar through coordinated efforts among major economies, the Mar-a-Lago Accord would envision a similar strategy to bolster U.S. manufacturing by making exports more competitive and reducing the trade deficit. The proposal includes measures such as restructuring U.S. debt by converting foreign-held Treasury securities into ultra-long-term bonds, thereby alleviating immediate fiscal pressures. Additionally, it suggests leveraging tariff policies to negotiate favorable currency valuations with key trading partners. While the concept has gained attention in financial circles, its feasibility remains a subject of debate among economists and policymakers trying to make sense of Trump's decisions.{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/the-mar-a-lago-accord-explained-trump-s-ultimate-plan-to-reshape-the-dollar-and-america-s-debt/ar-AA1zUMQ2?ocid=BingNewsSerp |access-date=March 3, 2025 |website=www.msn.com}}

It has been criticized as "QAnon for tariffs".{{cite news |last1=Karma |first1=Rogé |title=The Wild Trump Theory Making the Rounds on Wall Street |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/economy/archive/2025/03/qanon-tariffs/682144/ |access-date=April 2, 2025 |work=The Atlantic |date=March 24, 2025 |language=en}}

File:President Trump Participates in the Make America Wealthy Again Event (1080p 30fps H264-128kbit AAC).webm" tariffs on April 2, 2025]]

{{excerpt|Tariffs in the second Trump administration|templates=-Donald Trump series|files=0}}

On March 4, 2025, President Trump imposed tariffs on Canada (25% on imports, 10% on energy), Mexico (25% on imports), and China (increased tariffs from 10% to 20%). These measures aimed to pressure these countries to combat the production and distribution of fentanyl, addressing the U.S. opioid crisis. This led to a sharp decline in U.S. stock markets and warnings from retailers about rising consumer prices. In retaliation, Canada imposed 25% tariffs on $155 billion of U.S. goods, China placed 10-15% tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, and Mexico announced forthcoming countermeasures. These actions have escalated global trade tensions, affecting markets and economies worldwide.{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=US tariffs take effect and Mexico, Canada and China retaliate with their own tariffs on the US |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china-643086a6dc7ff716d876b3c83e3255b0 |access-date=March 4, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

{{main|American expansionism under Donald Trump}}

In the lead-up to his second inauguration, Trump proposed plans and ideas that would expand the United States' political influence and territory.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/23/us/politics/trump-greenland-panama-canal.html |title=Trump's Wish to Control Greenland and Panama Canal: Not a Joke This Time |work=The New York Times |last1=Sanger |first1=David E. |last2=Friedman |first2=Lisa |date=December 23, 2024}} The last territory acquired by the United States was in 1947 when the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands were acquired.

{{See also|Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States#Proposals to annex Canada by President Donald Trump}}

Trump has made repeated calls for Canada to become the 51st state of the United States.{{cite web |last1=Weissert |first1=Will |title=Trump's remarks on Canada becoming the 51st state raise a lot of questions |url=https://apnews.com/article/how-canada-could-become-us-state-42360e10ded96c0046fd11eaaf55ab88 |website=AP News |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=February 13, 2025}} He initially raised this concept in a December 2024 summit with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and other Canadian government officials; the officials initially interpreted it as a joke.{{cite web |title=Canadian minister says Trump was joking when he said Canada could become the 51st state |url=https://apnews.com/article/canada-trump-tariffs-trudeau-trade-opposition-border-5d3dbbb4a701bb1676ee588bfbf2396a |website=AP News |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=December 3, 2024}} In January 2025, shortly before taking office, Trump continued this rhetoric, stating that he would use "economic force", but not military force, to annex Canada.{{cite web |last1=Doyle |first1=Katherine |last2=Hillyard |first2=Vaughn |title=Trump suggests he could use military force to acquire Panama Canal and Greenland and 'economic force' to annex Canada |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-suggests-use-military-force-acquire-panama-canal-greenland-econo-rcna186610 |website=NBC News |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=January 8, 2025}}

Trump made repeated allusions to the topic of Canadian annexation throughout his first month in office, and signed an executive order to impose blanket 25 percent tariffs on all Canadian imports. The executive order cited illegal border crossings and the fentanyl crisis as the reasons for the tariffs,{{cite web |last1=Swanson |first1=Ana |last2=Rappeport |first2=Alan |last3=Sanger |first3=David E. |title=Trump Signs Orders Imposing Tariffs on Canada, Mexico and China |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/01/us/politics/canada-mexico-china-trump-tariffs.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=February 16, 2025 |date=February 1, 2025}} though Canada is responsible for about 1.5 percent of illegal migrants and less than one percent of all fentanyl seized at the border.{{cite web |last1=Gore |first1=D'Angelo |title=Fact check: Illegal immigration and fentanyl at the U.S. northern and southwest borders |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/politics-nation/2025/01/28/fact-check-illegal-immigration-fentanyl-us-borders/stories/202501280117 |website=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en}} On Truth Social, Trump shared his disapproval of the U.S. trade deficit with Canada.{{cite web |last1=Inskeep |first1=Steve |title=Trump's words show why he's imposing tariffs. And it's not a goal he campaigned on |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/03/nx-s1-5283963/what-trumps-tariffs-on-canada-mexico-and-china-mean-for-americans |website=NPR |language=en}} When asked by a reporter what Canada could do to avoid the tariffs, he again raised the idea of the U.S. annexing the nation as its 51st state.{{cite web |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |title=Trump doubles down on floating Canada as 51st state amid tariff dispute |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/5123538-trump-canada-51st-state/ |website=The Hill |access-date=February 16, 2025}}

Canada promised more than $150 billion CAD in retaliatory tariffs,{{cite web |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Promit |title=Canada announces retaliatory tariffs on long-time ally |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canadas-trudeau-announces-counter-tariffs-2025-02-02/ |website=Reuters |access-date=February 16, 2025}} and provincial responses included Ontario proposing billions of dollars in tax deferrals and payouts to stem the economic fallout from the blanket tariffs.{{cite web |last1=Rieti |first1=John |title=PCs fire back as Crombie speaks |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/livestory/ontario-pausing-retaliatory-measures-after-trump-and-trudeau-put-tariffs-on-hold-9.6632941 |website=CBC News |access-date=February 16, 2025}} Shortly before they were set to take effect, Trump reached an agreement with Trudeau to temporarily delay his blanket tariffs for 30 days.{{cite web |last1=MacCharles |first1=Tonda |last2=Benzie |first2=Robert |last3=Rubin |first3=Josh |title=Trump tariffs: Trudeau says U.S. tariffs will be paused for 30 days; Ontario halts Starlink cancellation, liquor removal |url=https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/donald-trump-tariffs-canada-responds/article_2b6b2f68-e230-11ef-b18e-f33fde2a2aeb.html |website=Toronto Star |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=February 6, 2025}} Shortly afterward, he made plans to impose steel and aluminum tariffs with significant impacts on Canada.{{cite web |last1=Wile |first1=Rob |last2=Richards |first2=Zoe |last3=Dean |first3=Sarah |title=Trump places 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-signs-order-imposing-25-steel-aluminum-tariffs-rcna191573 |website=NBC News |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=February 10, 2025}}

Afterward, Trump continued to insist that Canada could become the 51st state.{{cite web |title=Donald Trump claims again Canada is 'a good candidate for 51st state' |url=https://www.freep.com/videos/news/2025/02/13/donald-trump-tariffs-canada-good-candidate-for-51st-state/78537306007/ |website=Detroit Free Press}} In an interview preceding Super Bowl LIX, Fox News journalist Bret Baier asked Trump if he was serious about his proposals to make Canada a U.S. state; Trump said that he was indeed serious.{{cite magazine |last1=Colvin |first1=Jill |title=Trump Says He Seriously Wants Canada as 51st State |url=https://time.com/7214321/trump-canada-51st-state-fox-super-bowl-interview/ |magazine=TIME |access-date=February 16, 2025 |language=en |date=February 10, 2025}} Trudeau was caught in a private meeting imploring private-sector leaders to take Trump's annexation threats seriously.{{cite web |title=Justin Trudeau caught on hot mic reportedly saying Trump's talk of making Canada a U.S. state is "a real thing" - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/justin-trudeau-on-hot-mic-reportedly-trump-talk-canada-us-state-a-real-thing/ |website=www.cbsnews.com |access-date=February 16, 2025 |date=February 9, 2025}}

Polling showed that the vast majority of Canadians opposed the idea of joining the U.S.{{cite web |title=Join the U.S.? No way, say most Canadians surveyed. But nearly a quarter may be open to it |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-join-u-s-poll-1.7434317 |website=CBC News |access-date=February 16, 2025}} Canadian flag sales increased in the early months of 2025,{{cite web |title=Canadian flag sales soar amid Trump's rhetoric |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/canadian-flag-sales-soar-amid-003940135.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKKFmfXF9f9HjQEdF1GnSBpYSDXIxcwqHw_0JQtk0aIz9P2cVcvFrWyFFlZSMBSzRsOdFp1MAf7FfjC7RvogzIrO5oyCGx8Tpi_gq5Xi5w_tcd9avkwCsCteHlOpy-Ut-sPRP6ini71rvuQrKFlTnkRkSsDIP26yuxQrE8CYmvmz |website=Yahoo News |language=en-CA |date=February 15, 2025}} and Ontario premier Doug Ford helped popularize a "Canada Is Not For Sale" baseball cap resembling Trump's famous Make America Great Again caps.{{cite web |last1=Gollom |first1=Mark |title=With a 'Not for Sale' hat and Super Bowl ad, Ford's political rivals face challenges against 'Captain Canada' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/doug-ford-captain-canada-tariffs-trump-1.7456440 |website=CBC News |access-date=February 16, 2025}} In February, all 13 Canadian premiers visited Washington, D.C. together to argue for the permanent postponement of the tariff plans.{{cite web |last1=Drenon |first1=Brandon |last2=Murphy |first2=Jessica |title=Canada premiers take diplomatic push against tariffs to White House |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cj91xrp4zyjo |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=February 16, 2025 |date=February 13, 2025}}

{{main|Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland}}

In December 2024, Trump stated a further proposal for the United States to purchase Greenland from Denmark, describing ownership and control of the island as "an absolute necessity" for national security purposes. This builds upon a prior offer from Trump to buy Greenland during his first term, which the Danish Realm refused, causing him to cancel his August 2019 visit to Denmark.{{cite news |last=McCormack |first=Caitlin |date=December 23, 2024 |title=Trump indicates he may be interested in buying Greenland — again |url=https://nypost.com/2024/12/23/us-news/trump-indicates-he-may-be-interested-in-buying-greenland-again/ |access-date=December 24, 2024 |language=en-US}} On January 7, 2025, Trump's son Donald Trump Jr. visited Greenland's capital city Nuuk alongside Charlie Kirk to hand out MAGA hats.{{Cite news |last=Eller |first=Emil |date=January 8, 2025 |title=Trumps søn beskyldte Danmark for racisme: 'Det har han sådan set ret i' |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/trumps-soen-beskyldte-danmark-racisme-det-har-han-saadan-set-ret-i |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117163132/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/politik/trumps-soen-beskyldte-danmark-racisme-det-har-han-saadan-set-ret-i |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 8, 2025 |publisher=DR}} At a press conference the following day, Trump refused to rule out military or economic force to take over Greenland or the Panama Canal.{{cite news |title=Trump ramps up threats to gain control of Greenland and Panama Canal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gzn48jwz2o |access-date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}} However, he did rule out military force in taking over Canada. On January 14, the Trump-affiliated Nelk Boys also visited Nuuk, handing out dollar bills to locals.{{Cite news |last1=Gille |first1=Anna Danielsen |last2=Jørgensen |first2=Nicolai Jørgen |date=January 15, 2025 |title=Jacobs 11-årige søn fik 100 dollar af Trumps YouTube-venner i Nuuk: 'Ikke i orden' |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/jacobs-11-aarige-soen-fik-100-dollar-af-trumps-youtube-venner-i-nuuk-ikke-i-orden |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117161422/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/jacobs-11-aarige-soen-fik-100-dollar-af-trumps-youtube-venner-i-nuuk-ikke-i-orden |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=DR}} On January 16, the CEOs of major Danish companies Novo Nordisk, Vestas and Carlsberg among others were assembled for a crisis meeting in the Ministry of State to discuss the situation.{{Cite news |last=Jørgensen |first=Steen A. |date=January 17, 2025 |title=Politikere har været til nyt hastemøde om Trump og Grønland |url=https://jyllands-posten.dk/politik/ECE17817853/politikere-har-vaeret-til-nyt-hastemoede-om-trump-og-groenland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117155746/https://jyllands-posten.dk/politik/ECE17817853/politikere-har-vaeret-til-nyt-hastemoede-om-trump-og-groenland/ |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |work=Jyllands-Posten}}{{Cite news |last=Mortensen |first=Mikkel Walentin |date=January 17, 2025 |title=Mens verden holder vejret, forbereder danske virksomheder sig på Trumps trusler |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2025-01-16-mens-verden-holder-vejret-forbereder-danske-virksomheder-sig-paa-trumps-trusler |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117160019/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2025-01-16-mens-verden-holder-vejret-forbereder-danske-virksomheder-sig-paa-trumps-trusler |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=TV 2}} On the subsequent day, former chief executive Friis Arne Petersen in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs described the situation as "historically unheard of", while Noa Redington, special adviser to former prime minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt, compared the international pressure on Denmark with that during the 2005 Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy.{{Cite news |last=Hansted |first=Morten |date=January 17, 2025 |title=Danmark i "historisk uhørt" krise: – Alarmtilstanden går kun én vej, og det er op |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2025-01-17-danmark-i-historisk-uhoert-krise-alarmtilstanden-gaar-kun-en-vej-og-det-er-op |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117155039/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2025-01-17-danmark-i-historisk-uhoert-krise-alarmtilstanden-gaar-kun-en-vej-og-det-er-op |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |access-date=January 17, 2025 |publisher=TV 2}}

{{excerpt|Proposed United States acquisition of Greenland|Red, White, and Blueland Act of 2025}}

In March 2025, President Trump renewed calls to annex Greenland, calling it vital to U.S. and global security. Vice President JD Vance, during a visit to the Pituffik Space Base, accused Denmark of underinvesting in Greenland's defense and encouraged a shift toward U.S. partnership. Denmark's foreign minister condemned the administration's tone, while Trump said he preferred diplomacy but would not rule out military action. Greenlandic leaders rejected the annexation effort, formed a coalition government to oppose it, and protests erupted in Copenhagen. U.S. House Democrats introduced a bill to block the use of force, and NATO clarified it would not support any territorial acquisition.{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Steven |date=March 13, 2025 |title=Trump says 'you have to keep NATO strong' — as alliance chief hails prez for 'staggering' boost in military spending |url=https://nypost.com/2025/03/13/us-news/trump-says-you-have-to-keep-nato-strong-as-alliance-chief-hails-prez-for-staggering-boost-in-military-spending/ |access-date=March 14, 2025 |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2025 |title=NATO secretary-general tells Trump he's motivating alliance members to spend more on defense |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-rutte-nato-russia-ukraine-6607c88c1015de0923f9d4b138546364 |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2025 |title=Trump says military force not off the table for Greenland after Denmark fury |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3304456/trump-says-military-force-not-table-greenland-after-denmark-slams-us-tone |access-date=March 30, 2025 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}

In 2024, Trump demanded that Panama return control of the Panama Canal to the United States due to "excessive rates" being charged for American passage.{{Cite news |date=December 23, 2024 |title=Donald Trump threatens to retake control of Panama Canal |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-23/donald-trump-threatens-to-retake-panama-canal/104757424 |access-date=December 24, 2024 |publisher=ABC News |language=en-AU}} The United States previously was in control of the Panama Canal Zone from 1903 until 1999, and has invaded Panama before in 1989.{{Cite magazine |last=History |first=Julie Greene / Made by |date=January 22, 2025 |title=Trump's Talk of the Panama Canal Taps Into Old Myths About U.S. Power |url=https://time.com/7205889/panama-us-myths-trump/ |access-date=January 30, 2025 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2025 |title=Panama, familiar with US intervention, bristles at Trump's comments on canal |url=https://apnews.com/article/panama-canal-trump-us-invasion-19d1a3723ac0c407f49e8b35aebc14f1 |access-date=January 30, 2025 |website=AP News |language=en}}

In March 2025, a consortium led by BlackRock acquired a majority stake in CK Hutchison Holdings' port operations, including the ports of Balboa and Cristobal at the Panama Canal, for $22.8 billion. Trump praised the acquisition, suggesting it marked progress in "reclaiming the Panama Canal."{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2025 |title=Trump says U.S. is 'reclaiming' Panama Canal after investors strike deal to buy Chinese-backed ports |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/trump-china-panama-canal-ports-blackrock-rcna194833 |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}} Panama's government, however, emphasized continued Panamanian sovereignty over the canal and its administration.{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2025 |title=Panama's president responds to Trump saying he will "take back" canal |url=https://www.newsweek.com/panamas-president-responds-trump-saying-he-will-take-back-canal-2017922 |access-date=March 14, 2025 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}

{{main|Potential American ownership of the Gaza Strip}}

In February 2025, Trump said that the United States "will take over Gaza", sending troops "if necessary".{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2025 |title='Deranged' and 'problematic': Bipartisan group of lawmakers bashes Trump's Gaza proposal |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/deranged-problematic-bipartisan-lawmakers-bash-trumps-gaza-proposal-rcna190733 |access-date=February 9, 2025 |website=NBC News |language=en}} During a joint press conference with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Trump proposed that the US government "take over" Gaza, force all two million of its Palestinian residents into neighboring countries, and develop it into a "Riviera of the Middle East".{{Cite news |title=Trump says the U.S. will 'take over' Gaza and relocate its people. What does it mean? |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/05/nx-s1-5287576/trump-gaza-takeover |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en}}{{Cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Treene |first2=Alayna |last3=Zeleny |first3=Jeff |date=February 5, 2025 |title=How Trump arrived at his stunning idea to 'take over' the Gaza Strip {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/05/politics/how-trump-decided-gaza-strip-take-over/index.html |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}} To do so, Trump did not rule out using the American military.{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Kevin |date=February 4, 2025 |title=Trump says US will 'take over' Gaza Strip and doesn't rule out using American troops {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/04/politics/netanyahu-trump-white-house-meeting/index.html |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=CNN |language=en}} António Guterres, Secretrary-General of the UN, criticized the plan, labeling it "ethnic cleansing".{{Cite news |last=Graham-Harrison |first=Emma |date=February 5, 2025 |title=UN chief warns against 'ethnic cleansing' after Trump's Gaza proposal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/05/un-chief-warns-against-ethnic-cleansing-after-donald-trump-gaza-proposal |access-date=February 6, 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} A few days after his comments about taking over Gaza, Trump stated that Israel would hand over Gaza to the US after the fighting was ended and the Gazan population was resettled elsewhere, which would negate the need for US troops in Gaza.{{Cite web |last1=Mackenzie |first1=James |last2=Chiacu |first2=Doina |date=February 6, 2025 |title=Trump says Israel would hand over Gaza after fighting, no US troops needed |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israels-defense-minister-orders-army-prepare-gaza-residents-departure-media-2025-02-06/ |access-date=February 6, 2025 |website=Reuters}} Trump's proposal to resettle Palestinians from Gaza was supported by Netanyahu, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz, Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid, and the majority of the Israeli public.{{cite news |title=Israel's defence minister orders army to prepare for Gaza residents' departure |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/israel-gaza-trump-1.7451944 |work=CBC |date=February 6, 2025}} Trump subsequently said that Palestinians resettled from Gaza as part of this plan would not be allowed to return there.{{Cite news |title=Trump says Palestinians displaced by U.S. proposal would not return; Hamas delays hostage release |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/10/israel-war-gaza-ceasefire-hostages-news-hamas/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=February 10, 2025}}

On February 21, 2025, after opposition from Arab states, Trump said he would "recommend" — but was "not forcing" — his plan for the US takeover of Gaza and the resettlement of the Palestinian population.{{cite news |title=With No Buy-in From Egypt or Jordan, Trump Appears to Back Away From His Gaza Plan |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/21/us/politics/trump-gaza-egypt-jordan.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 21, 2025}}{{cite news |title=Trump says he will 'recommend' rather than force Gaza expulsion plan |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2025/2/21/trump-says-he-will-recommend-rather-than-force-gaza-expulsion-plan |work=Al Jazeera |date=February 21, 2025}}

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• List of international trips made by Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State

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