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Foreign relations of Bahrain

{{Short description|none}}

{{Politics of Bahrain}}Bahrain plays a modest, moderating role in regional politics and adheres to the views of the Arab League on Middle East peace and Palestinian rights. Since achieving independence in 1971, Bahrain has maintained friendly relations with most of its neighbours and with the world community. It generally pursues a policy of close consultation with neighbouring states and works to narrow areas of disagreement.

Bahrain is a member of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), established on May 26, 1981, with five other Persian Gulf states. The country has fully complied with steps taken by the GCC to coordinate economic development and defense and security planning. In December 1994, it concurred with the GCC decision to drop secondary and tertiary boycotts against Israel. In many instances, it has established special bilateral trade agreements.

Bahrain has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.{{Cite book|title=50 Years of Singapore and the United Nations |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4713-03-0 |year=2015 }}access-date=28 March 2024

Bahrain's current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani.{{Cite web|title=Minister of Foreign Affairs|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Ministry/OrganizationalStructure/MinisterofFA/tabid/115/language/en-US/Default.aspx|access-date=2021-10-29|website=www.mofa.gov.bh|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029085207/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Ministry/OrganizationalStructure/MinisterofFA/tabid/115/language/en-US/Default.aspx|url-status=dead}} Its previous foreign minister was Sheikh Khaled bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, a career diplomat. Sheikh Khaled was educated in the United States, as a student he was a member of US President Jimmy Carter's 1980 presidential campaign team. His deputy was Nazar Al Baharna, a politician and business leader, who was appointed in 2006 following the victory of the biggest Shia party Al Wefaq in that year's parliamentary elections. Al Baharna was formerly a leading member of Al Wefaq.{{citation needed|date=July 2009}}

In June 2006, Bahrain was elected head of the United Nations General Assembly, and used the honour to appoint Haya bint Rashid Al Khalifa as the Assembly's president, making her the first Middle East woman and only the third woman in history to take over the post. Sheikha Haya is a leading Bahraini lawyer and women's rights advocate who took over the post at a time of change for the world body. UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said of her, "I met her yesterday and I found her quite impressive. All the member states are determined to work with her and to support her, and I think she's going to bring a new dimension to the work here."{{cite web|url=http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2006/6/9/apworld/20060609085540&sec=apworld|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630171427/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2006%2F6%2F9%2Fapworld%2F20060609085540&sec=apworld|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-06-30|title=Archives|access-date=21 February 2015}} The move follows a series of appointments of women to high-profile positions in the Kingdom (see Women's political rights in Bahrain for further details).

During the Persian Gulf War in 1990–91, Bahrain was part of the coalition that fought to liberate Kuwait. Bahraini, RAF, and USAF pilots flew air strikes in Iraq from the Sheik Isa Air Base, while coalition navies operated out of Manama, the capital. Bahrain was hit by Scud missiles fired from Iraq.[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1295&dat=19910223&id=xJVUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_o8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5691,1330370 "Scud hits Bahrain"] New Sunday Times archive, 23 Feb. 1991 A number of Bahraini students studying in Iraq and Kuwait at the outbreak of hostilities went missing and are presumed the victims of Saddam Hussein's secret police.

After the liberation of Kuwait, Bahrain and the United States strengthened their already good ties by signing a ten-year agreement in October 1991, which granted American forces access to Bahraini facilities and allowed the U.S. to pre-position war material for future crises. In July 1995 the U.S. 5th Fleet was established in the Persian Gulf with its headquarters at NSA Bahrain in Manama. In 2003, U.S. President George W. Bush designated Bahrain as a major non-NATO ally.[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/03/20020315-3.html Presidential Determination on the designation of Bahrain as a major Non-NATO ally],White House archives

Bahrain was an active member of the coalition that fought to remove the Taliban regime from Afghanistan in 2001; the Kingdom provided ships for the naval cordon in the Indian Ocean put in place to intercept fleeing Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters.

File:Bahrain Saudi kings meeting.jpg with the Saudi king Ibn Saud.]]

However, the Kingdom opposed unilateral action against Iraq in 2003, and to the annoyance of Washington in the run up to the war sought to defuse the crisis by offering Saddam Hussein asylum as a way of avoiding war.[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/1425148/Bahrain-offers-exile-as-Egypt-reviles-Saddam.html Bahrain offers exile to Saddam]-The Telegraph, 20 Mar 2003

Bahrain-Iran relations have been strained since the Iranian Revolution and the 1981 discovery of a planned Iran-sponsored coup in Bahrain. Bahraini suspicions of the Iranian role in local unrest in the mid-1990s remain. However, with the decline of Iraq as a regional powerbroker, Bahrain has begun taking steps to improve relations with Iran and increase regional harmony. These efforts have included encouraging Bahrain-Iran trade.{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/iran-bahrain/|title=Iran and Bahrain: Ancient Ambitions, New Tactics|date=2018-03-07|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-29}}

The long-standing territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands and the maritime boundary were resolved in 2001 by a compromise decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

To mark Mahatma Gandhi's birthday on 2 October 2007, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs co-sponsored with the Bahrain Centre for Studies and Research and the Indian Embassy a conference on the relevance of Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy for the Arab world in the 21st Century. The conference, attended by Arab and Indian academics, UN officials and diplomats discussed the Gandhi’s teaching of non-violence, austerity and spiritualism with particular reference to the Arab world today. Among the keynote speakers was leading liberal academic, Dr Abdulla Al Madani, who emphasised Gandhi’s moral vision: "Had he resorted to kidnapping, suicide-bombings, beheadings, or other barbarian means, his memory would not have remained rooted in the world's conscience. Believing that the credibility of one's action lay in setting a personal example, Gandhi began with himself. He quit his legal practice, gave up wearing Western-style clothing, and embraced a humble lifestyle by making his own clothes and living on a simple vegetarian diet. This, of course, differs from the practice of leaders of some Arab resistance movements, who urge their followers to boycott the West while savouring the Western lifestyle, products, and technology."{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Story.asp?Article=195620&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30197|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » Gandhi's ideals 'vital for world'|access-date=21 February 2015}}

Relations with Thailand and the Hakeem al-Araibi incident

{{main|Hakeem al-Araibi}}

Bahrain's foreign relations were put under strain and its human rights record under the spotlight when in November 2018 Bahraini footballer Hakeem al-Araibi, who had been sentenced in absentia by Bahrain to 10 years in prison for vandalising a police station in 2013, was arrested upon arrival in Thailand with his wife for their honeymoon. The footballer, who had been granted refugee status by Australia in 2014, urged the Thailand authorities not to deport him to Bahrain as he had been previously tortured in Bahrain for his political views.{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47113179?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c302m85q5rjt/human-rights&link_location=live-reporting-story|title=Bahraini footballer pleads in court against deportation|access-date=4 February 2019|work=BBC News}}

He was kept in detention in Thailand while the Australian government and many international organisations and individuals lobbied for his release, until it was announced on 11 February 2019 by the Thai Office of the Attorney-General (OAG){{cite news|work=BBC News|date=11 February 2019|access-date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47196696|title=Hakeem al-Araibi: Thailand frees refugee footballer}} that the extradition case against al-Araibi had been dropped by the criminal court at Bahrain's request. No reason was given by the foreign ministry, but the decision was made under Section 21 of the Prosecution Act, which allows for cases to be dropped if not in the public interest, and he would be released and allowed to return to Australia as soon as possible.{{cite news|publisher=SBS News|date=11 February 2019|access-date=11 February 2019|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/we-won-hakeem-al-araibi-set-to-walk-free-after-thai-court-drops-extradition-order|title='We won': Hakeem Al-Araibi set to walk free after Thai court drops extradition order}}

During the media frenzy surrounding the case, the strong links between Bahrain and Thailand were alluded to in the press.

Academics and human rights groups raised the issue of the very close ties between the two countries, both financially and between the two royal families.{{cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/questions-raised-over-thailand-and-bahrain-s-close-ties-as-hakeem-al-araibi-s-detention-continues|first=Maani|last=Truu|title=Questions raised over Thailand and Bahrain's 'close ties' as Hakeem Al-Araibi's detention continues|date=9 February 2019|archive-date=10 February 2019|publisher=SBS News|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210023639/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/questions-raised-over-thailand-and-bahrain-s-close-ties-as-hakeem-al-araibi-s-detention-continues}} According to Dr Aim Sinpeng, an expert in South-East Asian politics at the University of Sydney, the Thai and Bahraini royal families have always had a close relationship and the Bahraini royal family visits Thailand every year. Thai Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Surapong Tovichakchaikul said in 2012 that the relationship between Thailand and Bahrain “was very close and strong” and also disclosed that the Bahrain Prime Minister was a “close personal friend” of former Thai prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra and had “donated roughly $2 million of his own money” to Thailand for flood relief.

The latest new business venture between the two countries is a new 6,700 sq. m. Thai shopping centre in Manama, set to launch in the first half of 2019 and described as an opportunity for Thai small and medium-sized enterprises to reach a huge potential market of Saudi shoppers, said to be the biggest economic centre in Bahrain, with import and exports between the two countries expected to be worth around US$400m annually.{{cite web|url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/exclusive-corruption-press-threats-and-400-million-standing-between-hakeem-and-freedom-518948/page0|date=7 February 2019|title=EXCLUSIVE: Corruption, press-threats and $400 million standing between Hakeem and freedom|first=Con|last=Stamocostas |access-date=10 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210024522/https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/exclusive-corruption-press-threats-and-400-million-standing-between-hakeem-and-freedom-518948/page0|archive-date=10 February 2019|website=FTBL}}{{cite web|url=http://www.thaimartbahrain.com/|website=Thaimart Bahrain|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-date=10 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210024857/http://www.thaimartbahrain.com/|title=GCC, NEW High Potential Market}}

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Bahrain maintains diplomatic relations with:

class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="3" |File:Diplomatic relations of Bahrain.svg

#

!Country

!Date{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US|website=Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505195337/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=15 May 2023}}

1

|{{flag|Kuwait}}

|{{dts|19 August 1971}}

2

|{{flag|United Kingdom}}

|{{dts|21 August 1971}}

3

|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

|{{dts|29 September 1971}}

4

|{{flag|India}}

|{{dts|12 October 1971}}

5

|{{flag|Pakistan}}

|{{dts|14 October 1971}}

6

|{{flag|United States}}

|{{dts|14 October 1971}}

7

|{{flag|Qatar}}

|{{dts|1971}}

8

|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}

|{{dts|1971}}

9

|{{flag|Iraq}}

|{{dts|18 January 1972}}

10

|{{flag|France}}

|{{dts|15 February 1972}}

11

|{{flag|Australia}}

|{{dts|24 April 1972}}

12

|{{flag|Japan}}

|{{dts|2 May 1972}}

13

|{{flag|Netherlands}}

|{{dts|2 May 1972}}

14

|{{flag|Yemen}}

|{{dts|13 May 1972}}

15

|{{flag|Germany}}

|{{dts|17 May 1972}}

16

|{{flag|Lebanon}}

|{{dts|29 May 1972}}

17

|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}}

|{{dts|1 June 1972}}

18

|{{flag|Egypt}}

|{{dts|5 June 1972}}

19

|{{flag|Jordan}}

|{{dts|10 June 1972}}

20

|{{flag|Tunisia}}

|{{dts|25 June 1972}}

21

|{{flag|Somalia}}

|{{dts|29 October 1972}}

22

|{{flag|Spain}}

|{{dts|15 November 1972}}

23

|{{flag|Sudan}}

|{{dts|4 December 1972}}

style="background:#D3D3D3"

|—

|{{flag|Iran}} (severed)

|{{dts|9 December 1972}}

24

|{{flag|Chad}}

|{{dts|10 December 1972}}

25

|{{flag|Canada}}

|{{dts|2 February 1973}}

26

|{{flag|Morocco}}

|{{dts|5 March 1973}}

27

|{{flag|Turkey}}

|{{dts|12 April 1973}}

28

|{{flag|Mauritania}}

|{{dts|30 April 1973}}

29

|{{flag|Greece}}

|{{dts|28 August 1973}}

30

|{{flag|Switzerland}}

|{{dts|12 September 1973}}{{Cite web |title=Aufnahme diplomatischer Beziehungen mit Bahrain, Katar, Oman und der Föderation der arabischen Emirate. Akkreditierung von Herrn Max Casanova als Botschafter in diesen Ländern, mit Sitz in Djeddah |url=https://dodis.ch/35109 |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=dodis.ch |language=de}}

31

|{{flag|Italy}}

|{{dts|16 December 1973}}

32

|{{flag|Guinea}}

|{{dts|5 January 1974}}

33

|{{flag|Sweden}}

|{{dts|25 February 1974}}

34

|{{flag|Argentina}}

|{{dts|18 March 1974}}{{Cite web |title=Declaración Conjunta Estableciendo Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y el Estado de Bahrein |url=https://tratados.cancilleria.gob.ar/busqueda.php?consulta=si&modo=c |access-date=16 May 2023 |language=es}}

35

|{{flag|Ireland}}

|{{dts|18 May 1974}}

36

|{{flag|Bangladesh}}

|{{dts|6 June 1974}}

37

|{{flag|Denmark}}

|{{dts|10 August 1974}}

38

|{{flag|Malta}}

|{{dts|4 November 1974}}

39

|{{flag|Niger}}

|{{dts|11 November 1974}}

40

|{{flag|Malaysia}}

|{{dts|25 November 1974}}

41

|{{flag|Finland}}

|{{dts|23 January 1975}}

42

|{{flag|Syria}}

|{{dts|23 January 1975}}

43

|{{flag|Libya}}

|{{dts|22 February 1975}}

44

|{{flag|Cameroon}}

|{{dts|20 March 1975}}

45

|{{flag|Austria}}

|{{dts|18 May 1975}}

46

|{{flag|Mexico}}

|{{dts|5 August 1975}}{{Cite web |date=13 December 2016 |title=COMISIONES UNIDAS DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES Y RELACIONES EXTERIORES, ASIA-PACíFICO |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_ap/docs/Dictamen_JAMO.pdf |access-date=15 May 2023 |page=7 |language=es}}

47

|{{flag|Gabon}}

|{{dts|8 November 1975}}

48

|{{flag|Mauritius}}

|{{dts|12 February 1976}}

49

|{{flag|Brazil}}

|{{dts|23 February 1976}}

50

|{{flag|South Korea}}

|{{dts|17 April 1976}}

51

|{{flag|Portugal}}

|{{dts|10 July 1976}}

52

|{{flag|Lesotho}}

|{{dts|24 July 1976}}

53

|{{flag|Nepal}}

|{{dts|13 January 1977}}

54

|{{flag|Thailand}}

|{{dts|15 January 1977}}

55

|{{flag|Venezuela}}

|{{dts|31 May 1977}}

56

|{{flag|Mali}}

|{{dts|6 June 1977}}

57

|{{flag|Burundi}}

|{{dts|27 June 1977}}

58

|{{flag|Ghana}}

|{{dts|9 April 1978}}

59

|{{flag|Iceland}}

|{{dts|24 May 1978}}

60

|{{flag|Philippines}}

|{{dts|27 November 1978}}

61

|{{flag|Tanzania}}

|{{dts|1978}}

62

|{{flag|Oman}}

|{{dts|13 June 1979}}

63

|{{flag|Luxembourg}}

|{{dts|14 March 1980}}

64

|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}

|{{dts|3 June 1980}}

65

|{{flag|Belgium}}

|{{dts|2 December 1980}}

66

|{{flag|Senegal}}

|{{dts|13 December 1981}}

67

|{{flag|Cyprus}}

|{{dts|14 January 1982}}{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations: Bahrain |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=73&language=en-US&Country=Republic%20of%20Cyprus |access-date=12 November 2021}}

68

|{{flag|Zambia}}

|{{dts|24 January 1983}}

69

|{{flag|Chile}}

|{{dts|6 February 1983}}

70

|{{flag|Djibouti}}

|{{dts|6 February 1983}}

71

|{{flag|Gambia}}

|{{dts|6 February 1983}}

72

|{{flag|Seychelles}}

|{{dts|4 May 1983}}

73

|{{flag|Algeria}}

|{{dts|19 November 1983}}

74

|{{flag|Indonesia}}

|{{dts|23 July 1984}}

75

|{{flag|New Zealand}}

|{{dts|23 July 1984}}

76

|{{flag|Bulgaria}}

|{{dts|15 October 1984}}

77

|{{flag|Comoros}}

|{{dts|1984}}

78

|{{flag|Singapore}}

|{{dts|30 June 1985}}

79

|{{flag|Haiti}}

|{{dts|15 September 1985}}

80

|{{flag|Maldives}}

|{{dts|24 October 1987}}

81

|{{flag|Brunei}}

|{{dts|24 September 1988}}

—

|{{flag|State of Palestine}}

|{{Dts|3 January 1989}}{{Cite book |title=News Review on West Asia, 20 |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |year=1989 |pages=71}}

82

|{{flag|Burkina Faso}}

|{{dts|25 February 1989}}

83

|{{flag|China}}

|{{dts|18 April 1989}}

84

|{{flag|Colombia}}

|{{dts|18 April 1989}}

85

|{{flag|Panama}}

|{{dts|27 April 1989}}

86

|{{flag|Serbia}}

|{{dts|31 August 1989}}{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Bahrain and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic%20relations%20between%20Bahrain%20and%20...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United%20Nations%20Digital%20Library%20System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=16 May 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}

87

|{{flag|Hungary}}

|{{dts|3 March 1990}}

88

|{{flag|Russia}}

|{{dts|29 September 1990}}

89

|{{flag|Romania}}

|{{dts|10 March 1991}}

90

|{{flag|Poland}}

|{{dts|22 April 1991}}

91

|{{flag|Nicaragua}}

|{{dts|12 August 1991}}

92

|{{flag|Bhutan}}

|{{dts|6 January 1992}}{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?page_id=8824 |access-date=4 May 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan}}

93

|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}

|{{dts|25 February 1992}}

94

|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}

|{{dts|3 May 1992}}

95

|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}

|{{dts|28 May 1992}}

96

|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}

|{{dts|28 May 1992}}

97

|{{flag|Norway}}

|{{dts|27 June 1992}}

98

|{{flag|Sri Lanka}}

|{{dts|27 June 1992}}

99

|{{flag|Ukraine}}

|{{dts|20 July 1992}}

100

|{{flag|Croatia}}

|{{dts|18 January 1993}}

101

|{{flag|Albania}}

|{{dts|10 May 1993}}

102

|{{flag|Georgia}}

|{{dts|10 May 1993}}

103

|{{flag|Czech Republic}}

|{{dts|14 June 1993}}

104

|{{flag|South Africa}}

|{{dts|13 September 1993}}

105

|{{flag|Uganda}}

|{{dts|2 October 1993}}

106

|{{flag|Cuba}}

|{{dts|15 June 1994}}

107

|{{flag|Slovakia}}

|{{dts|22 March 1995}}

108

|{{flag|Vietnam}}

|{{dts|1 April 1995}}

109

|{{flag|Tajikistan}}

|{{dts|20 May 1995}}

110

|{{flag|Uruguay}}

|{{dts|25 May 1995}}

111

|{{flag|Ivory Coast}}

|{{dts|17 June 1995}}

112

|{{flag|Lithuania}}

|{{dts|3 July 1995}}

113

|{{flag|Eritrea}}

|{{dts|2 December 1995}}

114

|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}

|{{Date table sorting|1996|2|9|format=dmy}}{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru}}

115

|{{flag|Slovenia}}

|{{dts|28 February 1996}}

116

|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}

|{{dts|27 June 1996}}

117

|{{flag|Belarus}}

|{{dts|1 July 1996}}

118

|{{flag|North Macedonia}}

|{{dts|11 September 1996}}

119

|{{flag|Armenia}}

|{{dts|15 October 1996}}

120

|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}

|{{dts|6 November 1996}}

121

|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}

|{{dts|27 October 1997}}

122

|{{flag|Mozambique}}

|{{dts|3 November 1997}}

123

|{{flag|Guyana}}

|{{dts|19 November 1997}}

124

|{{flag|Rwanda}}

|{{dts|2 March 1998}}

125

|{{flag|Mongolia}}

|{{dts|16 May 1998}}

126

|{{flag|Malawi}}

|{{dts|9 September 1998}}

127

|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}

|{{dts|9 June 1999}}

128

|{{flag|El Salvador}}

|{{dts|16 June 1999}}

129

|{{flag|Suriname}}

|{{dts|10 November 1999}}

130

|{{flag|Ethiopia}}

|{{dts|28 November 1999}}

—

|{{flag|Holy See}}

|{{dts|12 January 2000}}

131

|{{flag|Latvia}}

|{{dts|27 March 2000}}

132

|{{flag|Ecuador}}

|{{dts|26 June 2000}}

133

|{{flag|Honduras}}

|{{dts|27 June 2000}}

134

|{{flag|North Korea}}

|{{dts|23 May 2001}}

135

|{{flag|Laos}}

|{{dts|15 December 2002}}

136

|{{flag|Moldova}}

|{{dts|7 April 2004}}

137

|{{flag|Estonia}}

|{{dts|27 April 2004}}

138

|{{flag|Cape Verde}}

|{{dts|17 March 2005}}

139

|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}

|{{dts|1 April 2005}}

140

|{{flag|Paraguay}}

|{{dts|6 May 2005}}

141

|{{flag|Eswatini}}

|{{dts|9 September 2005}}

142

|{{flag|Belize}}

|{{dts|14 December 2005}}

143

|{{flag|Costa Rica}}

|{{dts|22 September 2006}}

144

|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}

|{{dts|20 October 2006}}

145

|{{flag|Andorra}}

|{{dts|4 May 2007}}

146

|{{flag|Guatemala}}

|{{dts|21 May 2007}}

147

|{{flag|Dominican Republic}}

|{{dts|22 October 2007}}

148

|{{flag|Barbados}}

|{{dts|12 March 2008}}

149

|{{flag|Cambodia}}

|{{dts|29 June 2009}}

150

|{{flag|Peru}}

|{{dts|22 September 2009}}

151

|{{flag|Montenegro}}

|{{dts|25 September 2009}}

152

|{{flag|Myanmar}}

|{{dts|10 November 2009}}

153

|{{flag|Fiji}}

|{{dts|25 September 2010}}

154

|{{flag|Bahamas}}

|{{dts|25 September 2010}}

155

|{{flag|Kenya}}

|{{dts|25 September 2010}}

156

|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}

|{{dts|28 September 2012}}

157

|{{flag|South Sudan}}

|{{dts|28 September 2012}}

158

|{{flag|Monaco}}

|{{dts|23 September 2013}}

159

|{{flag|Angola}}

|{{dts|26 September 2013}}

—

|{{flag|Kosovo}}

|{{dts|12 March 2014}}

160

|{{flag|Kiribati}}

|{{dts|25 September 2018}}

161

|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

|{{dts|27 September 2018}}

162

|{{flag|Jamaica}}

|{{dts|28 September 2018}}

163

|{{flag|Palau}}

|{{dts|28 September 2018}}

164

|{{flag|San Marino}}

|{{Dts|25 September 2019}}{{Cite web |title=16-17-18-21-22-23-24 settembre 2020 |url=https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/lavori-consiliari/verbali-sedute/documento17120695.html |access-date=3 December 2021 |pages=15–16 |language=it}}

165

|{{flag|Timor-Leste}}

|{{dts|27 September 2019}}{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of Bahrain announces establishment of Diplomatic Relations with Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=11507 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225233422/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=11507 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |access-date=25 December 2021}}

166

|{{flag|Israel}}

|{{dts|18 October 2020}}{{Cite news |date=18 October 2020 |title=Bahrain, Israel sign historic Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic, Peaceful and Friendly Relations |work=Bahrain News Agency |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainIsraelsignhistoricJointCommuniqueontheEstablishmentofDiplomaticPeacefulandFriendlyRelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDkw6yYauU2jBB8j1QMKQ9jQ%3D |access-date=23 April 2025}}{{Cite news |date=2 November 2023 |title=Bahrain says envoy to Israel returned home, Israel says ties stable |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/bahrain-parliament-says-envoy-israel-returned-home-israel-says-ties-stable-2023-11-02/ |access-date=5 November 2023}}

167

|{{flag|Central African Republic}}

|{{dts|24 March 2022}}{{Cite news |date=24 March 2022 |title=Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Central African Republic sign joint statement |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=19457 |website=mofa.gov.bh |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324181833/https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=7824&language=en-US&ItemId=19457 |archive-date=24 March 2022 |url-status=dead}}

168

|{{flag|Sierra Leone}}

|{{dts|8 June 2022}}

169

|{{flag|Tonga}}

|{{dts|19 September 2022}}

170

|{{flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}

|{{dts|21 September 2022}}

171

|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}

|{{dts|21 September 2022}}

172

|{{flag|Togo}}

|{{dts|21 September 2022}}

173

|{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}

|{{dts|21 September 2022}}

174

|{{flag|Dominica}}

|{{dts|23 September 2022}}

175

|{{flag|Madagascar}}

|{{dts|23 September 2022}}

176

|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}

|{{dts|13 December 2022}}

177

|{{flag|Samoa}}

|{{Date table sorting|27 April 2023}}

178

|{{flag|Nauru}}

|{{Date table sorting|7 May 2023}}

179

|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}

|{{dts|1 June 2023}}

180

|{{flag|Grenada}}

|{{dts|19 September 2023}}

181

|{{Flag|Benin}}

|{{dts|22 September 2023}}

182

|{{Flag|Bolivia}}

|{{dts|22 September 2023}}

183

|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}

|{{dts|9 February 2024}}{{Cite web |date=9 February 2024 |title=Bahrain, Vanuatu sign statement on establishing diplomatic relations |url=https://www.bna.bh/en/BahrainVanuatusignstatementonestablishingdiplomaticrelations.aspx?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2bDrPiM6qjorOy%2bWF2dmE%2bT5E%3d |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Bahrain News Agency}}

184

|{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}

|{{dts|24 September 2024}}

185

|{{Flag|Liberia}}

|{{dts|26 September 2024}}

186

|{{Flag|Namibia}}

|{{dts|26 September 2024}}

187

|{{flag|Nigeria}}

|{{dts|9 February 2025}}{{Cite news |date=9 February 2025 |title=Nigeria, Bahrain to strengthen diplomatic ties |url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-bahrain-to-strengthen-diplomatic-ties/ |access-date=10 February 2025}}

Bilateral relations

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
style="width:15%;"| Country

! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began

!Notes

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|{{flag|Armenia}}

* Armenia is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

  • Bahrain is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Tehran, Iran.
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|{{flag|France}}

* Bahrain has an embassy in Paris.

  • France has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|Germany}}

* Bahrain has an embassy in Berlin.

  • Germany has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|India}}

See Bahrain–India relations

India is a close ally of Bahrain, the Kingdom along with its GCC partners are (according to Indian officials) among the most prominent backers of India's bid for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council,'India against Security Council membership without veto', Web India, 29 December 2004 and Bahraini officials have urged India to play a greater role in international affairs. For instance, over concerns about Iran's nuclear programme Bahrain's Crown Prince appealed to India to play an active role in resolving the crisis{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2789056.ece|title=Login|access-date=21 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

Ties between India and Bahrain go back generations, with many of Bahrain's most prominent figures having close connections: poet and constitutionalist Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh grew up in Mumbai, while 17th century Bahraini theologians Sheikh Salih Al-Karzakani and Sheikh Ja`far bin Kamal al-Din were influential figures in the Kingdom of GolkondaJuan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 45 and the development of Shia thought in the sub-continent.

Bahraini politicians have sought to enhance these long standing ties, with Parliamentary Speaker Khalifa Al Dhahrani in 2007 leading a delegation of parliamentarians and business leaders to meet Indian President Pratibha Patil, opposition leader L K Advani, and take part in training and media interviews.{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Story.asp?Article=201397&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30254|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » MPs on goodwill visit to India...|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=1 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101091315/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/story.asp?Article=201397&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30254|url-status=dead}} Politically, it is easier for Bahrain's politicians to seek training and advice from India than it is from the United States or other western alternative.

In December 2007, the Bahrain India Society was launched in Manama to promote ties between the two countries. Headed by the former Minister of Labour Abdulnabi Al Shoala, the Society seeks to take advantage of the development in civil society to actively work to strengthen ties between the two countries, not only business links, but according to the body's opening statement in politics, social affairs, science and culture. India's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs E Ahmed and his Bahraini counterpart Dr Nazar Al Baharna attended the launch.{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Story.asp?Article=202737&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30268|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » New society vows to boost India ties|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=14 October 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014141135/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/Story.asp?Article=202737&Sn=BNEW&IssueID=30268|url-status=dead}}

Bahrain's ruler Sheikh Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa went on a state visit to India in February 2014 and has secured $450 million of bilateral trade and investment between the two nations.{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=371093|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » $450 MILLION DEALS SIGNED|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221171707/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=371093|url-status=dead}}

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|{{flag|Iran}}

See Bahrain–Iran relations

On 12 August 2012, Foreign Minister Sheikh Khalid al-Khalifa announced{{cite web|last=Al Kalifa|first=Khaled|title=Tweet|url=https://twitter.com/khalidalkhalifa/status/234353936021217280|publisher=Twitter|access-date=14 August 2012}} that Bahrain has reinstated its Ambassador to Iran.{{cite news|last=El Gamal|first=Rania|title=Bahrain returns its ambassador to Iran|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48638979|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104063526/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48638979|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2013|access-date=14 August 2012|newspaper=Reuters|date=12 August 2012}}

On 19 July 2015, after Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei voiced support for the oppressed people across the Middle East including Bahrain, the Iranian acting chargé d'affaires Morteza Sanubari was summoned by the Bahraini Foreign Ministry over "flagrant interference". The foreign ministry handed "an official protest memorandum" to the diplomat over "statements made by Ali Khamenei against the kingdom of Bahrain".{{cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/bahrain-summons-iran-diplomat-over-flagrant-interference-181650072.html|title=Bahrain summons Iran diplomat over 'flagrant interference'|website=news.yahoo.com|access-date=29 December 2018}}

On 1 October 2015 (a week after the 2015 Mina stampede), the Bahraini government recalled its ambassador from Tehran and ordered the Iranian acting chargé d'affaires to leave the country within 3 days in response to "continuing interference by Iran in the affairs of the kingdom". This comes when Bahraini authorities in Nuwaidrat (30 September) discovered a large bomb-making factory and seized a large stash of weapons and arrested a number of people suspected of having links with Iran's Revolutionary Guards.{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/bahrain-recalls-ambassador-iran-meddling-151002032510372.html|title=Bahrain recalls ambassador from Iran over 'meddling' - Bahrain News - Al Jazeera|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=29 December 2018}} Bahrain's decision to recall its ambassador comes "in light of continued Iranian meddling in the affairs of the kingdom of Bahrain ... in order to create sectarian strife and to impose hegemony and control.[https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Oct-02/317348-bahrain-withdraws-ambassador-from-iran.ashx Bahrain withdraws ambassador from Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308073117/https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Oct-02/317348-bahrain-withdraws-ambassador-from-iran.ashx |date=2021-03-08 }}. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2015-10-01.[http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-withdraws-ambassador-from-tehran-1.1593728 Bahrain withdraws ambassador from Tehran]. Gulf News. Retrieved 2015-10-01. In response (on 2 October), the Iranian Foreign Ministry retaliated by releasing this statement: "The number two official in Bahrain's embassy in Tehran is persona non grata and Mr. Bassam al-Dossari must leave Iran's territory within 72 hours," the official IRNA news agency quoted a foreign ministry statement as saying late Friday.{{cite web|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Oct-03/317517-iran-expels-bahrain-envoy-state-media.ashx|title=Iran expels Bahrain envoy: state media - News, Middle East - THE DAILY STAR|website=www.dailystar.com.lb|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410214832/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Oct-03/317517-iran-expels-bahrain-envoy-state-media.ashx|url-status=dead}}

On 4 January 2016, Bahrain severed diplomatic ties with Iran, accusing it of interference in Saudi internal affairs after Saudi Arabia executed prominent Shia cleric, Nimr al-Nimr for his involvement in 2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests.{{cite news | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/bahrain-severs-diplomatic-ties-with-iran-1451908884 | title = Bahrain Severs Diplomatic Ties with Iran | newspaper= Wall Street Journal | access-date = 4 January 2016 | author = Ahmed A Omran}} This followed the same decision by the Saudi government, after Iranian protesters set fires in the Saudi Embassy in Tehran.{{cite news | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/01/03/iran-40-arrested-attack-saudi-embassy/78228072/ | title = Saudi Arabia severs ties with Iran |newspaper=USA Today | access-date = 4 January 2016 | author = John Bacon}}

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|{{flag|Iraq}}

See Bahrain–Iraq relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Baghdad.
  • Iraq has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|Israel}}

See Bahrain–Israel relations

Until September 11, 2020, there were no official relations between Bahrain and Israel and the government of Bahrain didn't recognize Israel as a state. However, Israeli citizens were allowed to enter Bahrain with the requirement of a visa.

Unofficial relations began in late 2016 due to tensions with Iran and denounced the Arab League boycott of Israel.

On September 11, 2020, Bahrain and Israel signed a normalization agreement thereby agreeing to recognize each other and establish diplomatic relations.

On November 2, 2023, Bahrain recalled its ambassador to Israel and froze economic ties with them.{{cite news | url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-02/ty-article-live/idf-strikes-in-lebanon-after-missile-launch-hamas-commander-killed-in-idf-airstrike/0000018b-8e75-db7e-af9b-eff7619c0000?liveBlogItemId=1852385809#1852385809 | title=Israel-Hamas War Day 27 | Israeli Army Encircles Gaza City, Blinken to Push for Humanitarian Pause | newspaper=Haaretz }}

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|{{flag|Italy}}

* Bahrain has an embassy in Rome.

  • Italy has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}

Bahrain's first ever royal visit to Kazakhstan was in April 2014, where the King met with the Kazakh president Nursultan Nazarbayev.{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=374924|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » THE WAY FORWARD|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221010423/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=374924|url-status=dead}} The country have signed major deals between the two countries to bolster trade and investments. Bahrain have expressed its support for the Astana Expo 2017 and have encouraged local businessmen and government sectors to take part in the prestigious event.{{cite web|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/LAW_256132.html|title=Bahrain plans major Kazakhstan investment|access-date=21 February 2015}} The Kazakh Government has created the Bahraini-Kazakh Business Council, unveiling plans to sign an agreement on encouraging and protecting investment, avoiding taxation and fiscal evasion.{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=374928|title=Gulf Daily News » Local News » Seize investment opportunities|access-date=21 February 2015}}
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|{{flag|Kosovo}}

13 March 2014On 19 May 2009, Bahrain officially recognised Kosovo as an independent state.{{cite news|url=http://english.bna.bh/?ID=79090|title=Bahrain recognizes Kosovo|date=2009-05-19|publisher=Bahrain News Agency|access-date=2009-05-19|archive-date=2009-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523215817/http://english.bna.bh/?ID=79090|url-status=dead}} On 13 March 2014, Bahrain and Kosovo established diplomatic relations.{{cite news|title=Bahrain, Kosovo establish diplomatic relations|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-kosovo-establish-diplomatic-relations-1.1303715|access-date=13 March 2014|newspaper=Gulf News|date=13 March 2014}}
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|{{flag|Kuwait}}

See Bahrain–Kuwait relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|Malaysia}}

See Bahrain–Malaysia relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.{{cite news|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=240859|title=Embassy to boost Malaysia relations|author=Rebecca Torr|newspaper=Gulf Daily News|date=23 January 2009|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111212857/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=240859|url-status=dead}}
  • Malaysia has an embassy in Manama.{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/bhr_manama/home|title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Manama|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia|access-date=12 January 2014}}
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|{{flag|Pakistan}}

See Bahrain-Pakistan relations

Image:Ships during the exercise Arabian Shark '08.jpg

Bahrain and Pakistan enjoy cordial and deep ties. Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, during a visit to Pakistan, called Pakistan his second home and stated that Bahrain regards Pakistan extremely highly.{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/588092|title=Pakistan attaches high importance to ties with Bahrain: PM|last=APP|date=2 December 2010|website=DAWN.COM|access-date=29 December 2018}} Joint initiatives between Pakistani and Bahraini governments have started to further their bilateral trades, which reached to $250 million in 2007. Pakistani businessmen are eyeing on Bahrain's property market while Bahrain is seeing Pakistan as a good agricultural potential investment country.

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|{{flag|Portugal}}

See Bahrain–Portugal relations

Bahrain was ruled by the Portuguese Empire from 1521 until 1602, when they were expelled by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty.

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|{{flag|Qatar}}

See Bahrain–Qatar relations

Bahrain has an embassy in Qatar.{{cite web | url=http://www.mofa.gov.bh/doha/Home.aspx | title=Doha | publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain | access-date=10 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702055943/http://www.mofa.gov.bh/doha/Home.aspx | archive-date=2014-07-02 | url-status=dead }} Qatar also has an embassy in Bahrain.{{cite web | url=http://qatar.visahq.com/embassy/bahrain/ | title=Qatar Embassy in Bahrain | publisher=Visa HQ | access-date=10 August 2014}} In May 2017, Bahrain cut diplomatic ties with Qatar, and closed its airspace and maritime to Qatar transportations. It has also asked Qataris to leave the country, and Bahrainis to leave to Qatar. Islam Hassan argues that " the small Kingdom has been toeing the Saudi foreign policy for the past couple of years. It seems that their severing of ties with Qatar was mainly an answer to a Saudi call."{{cite news|url= https://www.academia.edu/33408451|title= Qatar Pursues an Independent Foreign Policy that Clashes with the Saudi's Strategic Interests|work=Eurasia Diary|date=8 June 2017|access-date=11 June 2017}}{{cite news|url= https://www.academia.edu/33408486|title= Saudi Diplomatic Offensive on Qatar to Barely Impact Anti-Terror Fight in Region|work=Sputnik International|date=8 June 2017|access-date=11 June 2017}} In April 2023, Bahrain had restored diplomatic ties with Qatar.{{Cite web |title=Bahrain and Qatar Restore Diplomatic Ties |url=https://www.state.gov/bahrain-and-qatar-restore-diplomatic-ties/ |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}

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|{{flag|Russia}}

See Bahrain–Russia relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}

See Bahrain–Saudi Arabia relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Manama.
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|{{flag|South Korea}}

See Bahrain—South Korea relations

On 24 June 2014, the South Korean deputy minister for multilateral and global affairs, Shin Dong-ik, met with ambassador Abdulla Abdullatif Abdullah, the undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain who was on a visit to the Republic of Korea from June 22 through 24. During the meeting, the two sides exchanged ideas on ways to promote the ROK-Bahrain relations and discussed ways to work together in the field of human rights. Dong-ik and Abdullah shared the view that continued high-level exchanges are essential for the improvement of relations between the South Korea and Bahrain.{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/press/pressreleases/index.jsp?menu=m_10_20&sp=%2Fwebmodule%2Fhtsboard%2Ftemplate%2Fread%2Fengreadboard.jsp%3FtypeID%3D12%26boardid%3D302%26seqno%3D313910 |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Press Releases |access-date=2019-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020162320/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/press/pressreleases/index.jsp?menu=m_10_20&sp=%2Fwebmodule%2Fhtsboard%2Ftemplate%2Fread%2Fengreadboard.jsp%3FtypeID%3D12%26boardid%3D302%26seqno%3D313910 |archive-date=2016-10-20 |url-status=dead }}

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|{{flag|Spain}}

See Bahrain–Spain relations

  • Bahrain is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Bahrain from its embassy in Kuwait City, Kuwait.
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|{{flag|Turkey}}

4 December 1973See Bahrain–Turkey relations

Relations between Bahrain and Turkey were officially established on December 4, 1973.[http://www.mofa.gov.bh/MOFA/En/DeplomaticMission/InternationalRelations6.htm Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Kingdom of Bahrain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218074906/http://www.mofa.gov.bh/MOFA/En/DeplomaticMission/InternationalRelations6.htm |date=2009-02-18 }} The relation between these two countries are considered positive, with trade at 78.1 million U.S dollars in 2006. Almost double then the amount then it was 2003.{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-bahrain.en.mfa|title=Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|work=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927030648/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-political-relations-with-bahrain.en.mfa|archive-date=2011-09-27|url-status=dead}} In 2007, trade was at 186 million U.S dollars.{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-bahrain.en.mfa|title=Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|work=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716132143/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-bahrain.en.mfa|archive-date=2016-07-16|url-status=dead}}

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|{{flag|Syria}}

See Bahrain–Syria relations
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|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}

See Bahrain–United Arab Emirates relations

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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}

21 August 1971See Bahrain–United Kingdom relations

Bahrain established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 August 1971.

  • Bahrain maintains an embassy in London.{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=18 September 2018|title=Bahrain|website=Diplomat Magazine|url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/london/en/home/|access-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403183140/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/bahrain/|archive-date=3 April 2025|url-status=live}}
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bahrain through its embassy in Manama.{{cite web|title=British Embassy Manama|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-manama|access-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407110529/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-manama|archive-date=7 April 2025|url-status=live}}

The UK governed Bahrain from 1861 to 1971, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization, as well as the Bahrain–US Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement.{{cite web|author1=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|last2=Falconer|first2=Hamish|author2link=Hamish Falconer|date=6 December 2024|title=UK joins US-Bahrain agreement to build security across the Middle East|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east|access-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206193943/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east|archive-date=6 December 2024|url-status=live}} Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.{{cite web|author=HM Revenue & Customs|date=

27 October 1990|title=Bahrain: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-us-bahrain-agreement-to-build-security-across-the-middle-east|access-date=13 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328113816/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bahrain-tax-treaties|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}} Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.{{cite news|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=22 June 2023|title=Britain launches free trade talks with Gulf countries|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-gulf-countries-2022-06-21/|location=London|website=Reuters|access-date=29 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622015420/https://www.reuters.com/markets/britain-launches-free-trade-talks-with-gulf-countries-2022-06-21/|archive-date=22 June 2022|url-status=live}}

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|{{flag|United States}}

See Bahrain–United States relations

  • Bahrain has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Manama.

See also

References

{{Reflist|33em}}

  • {{CIA World Factbook}}
  • {{StateDept}}

{{Foreign relations of Bahrain}}

{{Foreign relations of Asia}}

{{Bahrain topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations of Bahrain}}