Gidaya

According to Dr. Lapiso Delebo, Gidaya was one of the Islamic states that had developed in the Horn of Africa from the ninth to fourteenth centuries.{{cite book |last1=Dilebo |first1=Lapiso |title=An introduction to Ethiopian history from the Megalithism Age to the Republic, circa 13000 B.C. to 2000 A.D. |date=2003 |publisher=Commercial Printing Enterprise |url=https://emu.tind.io/record/42082?ln=en}} The people of Gidaya were reportedly a sub clan of the Harla people.{{cite book |last1=WONDIMU |first1=ALEMAYEHU |title=A CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE HARARI PEOPLE |publisher=Jimma University |page=1 |url=https://repository.ju.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/803/Edd.%20Ful.%20%20His.%20RES.%207%20Alemayehu%2020099.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421223316/https://repository.ju.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/803/Edd.%20Ful.%20%20His.%20RES.%207%20Alemayehu%2020099.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2021-04-21 }} The earliest mention of Gidaya state is during its conflict with the Makhzumi dynasty in 1266.{{cite book |title=Mahzumi dynasty |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/mahzumi-dynasty}} In the thirteenth century the Arab writer al-Mufaḍḍal mentions the king of Gidaya was named Yûsuf ibn Arsamâyah.{{cite book |last1=Hirsch |first1=Bertrand |title=The port of Zeyla and its hinterland in the Middle Ages |publisher=French Center for Ethiopian Studies |url=https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714}}

In 1285 Walasma dynasty crushed a rebellion led by Gidaya which allied with Shewa to revive the Makhzumi state.{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Tadesse |title=Church and state |publisher=University of London |page=245 |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28644/1/10672804.pdf}} In the fourteenth century it was under the Ifat Sultanate and later the Adal Sultanate with its leader known as the Garad.{{cite book |title=Garad |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/ga-rad-(%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B5)}}

According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the people of Gidaya were part of the army of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during the Ethiopian-Adal war.{{cite book |last1=Tamrat |first1=Taddesse |title=Review: Place Names in Ethiopian History |date=November 1991 |publisher=Journal of Ethiopian Studies |page=120 |jstor=41965996 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41965996}}{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Roland |title=The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 500 B.C. to A.D. 1050 |date=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=170 |isbn=9780521209816 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWjxR61xAe0C&dq=geday+cambridge&pg=PA170}} Ulrich Braukamper suggests that Gidaya may be linked to the Giri clan, which comprises a diverse population of Somali and Oromo descent referenced in the Futuh al Habasha. This group currently resides in the vicinity of Jigjiga, which is believed to be the historical site of the Gidaya state.{{cite book |last1=Braukamper |first1=Ulrich |title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia |year=2002 |publisher=Lit |page=34 |isbn=9783825856717 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&dq=gidaya+hubat&pg=PA34}}

Towns within Gidaya were reportedly surrounded by ramparts by the late sixteenth century.{{cite book |last1=Mercier |first1=Héloïse |title=Writing and rewriting history from Harar to Awsa : a reappraisal of the Taʾrīkh al-mulūk |publisher=Annales d'Éthiopie |page=55 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ethio_0066-2127_2022_num_34_1_1711}} The name Gidaya still exists as a surname in Harar, and according to researcher Mahdi Gadid, Gidaya state was primarily inhabited by Harari people before being assimilated by the Oromo and Somali people.{{cite book |title=Gidaya |publisher=Encyclopedia Aethiopica |url=https://en.sewasew.com/p/gidaya-(%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%AB)}}{{cite book |last1=Ogot |first1=Bethwell |title=Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century |year=1992 |publisher=University of California Press |page=711 |isbn=9780435948115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dj9RRrvYjkC&dq=gidaya+hargaya&pg=PA711}} Historian Merid Wolde Aregay deduced that the Gidaya state language was Harari.{{cite book |last1=Aregay |first1=Merid |title=Political Geography of Ethiopia at the beginning of the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Accademia nazionale dei Lincei |page=624 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bu7QAAAAMAAJ&q=sim+hargay+gedaya}} According to Harari records Gidaya state collapsed due to the Oromo migrations and famine.{{cite book |last1=Trimingham |first1=J. |title=Islam in Ethiopia |date=13 September 2013 |publisher=Routledge |pages=93–94 |isbn=9781136970221 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfrcAAAAQBAJ&dq=jidaya+harar&pg=PA93}}

Aw Gidaya is considered a saint in Harar.{{cite book |last1=Foucher |first1=Emile |title=The Cult Of Muslim Saints In Harar: Religious Dimension |publisher=Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference of Ethiopian Studies |page=8 |url=https://everythingharar.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Cult-of-Muslim-Saints-in-Harar-Religious-Dimension-Foucher.pdf}}

• Jidwaq (clan)

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Category:Cities of the Adal Sultanate

Category:History of Islam in Ethiopia

Category:Islam in Somalia

Category:History of Harar

Category:History of the Somali Region (Ethiopia)