Glossary of climbing terms#on-sight

File:Setaki.JPG

Glossary of climbing terms relates to rock climbing (including aid climbing, lead climbing, bouldering, and competition climbing), mountaineering, and to ice climbing.{{cite web|last1=Bate|first1=Chris|last2=Arthur|first2=Charles|title=A Glossary of Climbing terms: from Abseil to Zawn|url=https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/a_glossary_of_climbing_terms_from_abseil_to_zawn-33|website=UK Climbing|access-date=29 April 2018|language=en|date=8 May 2006|display-authors=etal}}{{cite book|title=Sport Climbing: From Toprope to Redpoint, Techniques for Climbing Success|author=Andrew Bisharat|date=6 October 2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI8TCgAAQBAJ&q=climbing+deadpoint+dyno&pg=PT73 | publisher=Mountaineers Books | isbn=978-1594852701|accessdate=15 August 2023}} ebook: {{isbn|9781594855139}}

The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.

A

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also aid climbing grade.}}

The technical difficulty {{gli|grade|grading}} system for {{gli|aid climbing}} (both for "original" and an adapted version for "new wave"), which goes: A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and up to A6 (for "new wave"). See {{gli|C-grade}}.{{cite web | magazine=Alpinist | url=http://www.alpinist.com/p/climbing_notes/grades | title=Grade Comparison Chart | date=2023 | accessdate=10 March 2023 | archive-date=30 March 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330142513/http://www.alpinist.com/p//climbing_notes/grades | url-status=dead }}}}

{{defn|1=File:Abalakov thread.jpg

A type of {{gli|anchor}} used in {{gli|abseiling}} especially in winter and in {{gli|ice climbing}}.

}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also assisted braking device.}}

A term used to describe a {{gli|progress capture device}} or a {{gli|self-locking device}} such as a Petzl GriGri that immediately locks if the rope travels through it quickly in a specific direction. See {{gli|auto belay}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also rappelling.}}

A technique by which a climber descends via a {{gli|fixed rope}} that is firmly attached to a fixed {{gli|anchor}} point, which is also known as an "abseil station". See {{gli|tat}} and {{gli|cord}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|rack}}.}}

{{defn|An indoor climbing game where climbers take turns creating a route, adding two moves at a time.{{Cite web |title=Training: 16 Climbing Games |first1=Julie |last1=Ellison |first2=JP |last2=Whitehead |work=Climbing |date=28 April 2016 |access-date=20 May 2019 |url= https://www.climbing.com/skills/training-16-climbing-games/ }}}}

{{defn|See {{gli|cord}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also active camming device or ACD}}

Type of {{gli|protection}} that dynamically changes to absorb the shape and strength of a fall; active protection is the opposite of {{gli|passive protection}}. See {{gli|cam}}s and {{gli|friend}}s.}}

{{defn|1=File:Historischer Eispickel mit GFK-Stiel.jpg with {{gli|adze}}]]

A thin blade mounted perpendicular to the handle on an {{gli|ice axe}}; is used for chopping footholds.

}}

{{defn|Type of rock climbing where artificial devices are used to make upward progress (and not just for {{gli|protection}}); opposite of {{gli|free climbing}}. See {{gli|clean aid climbing}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|etrier}}.}}

{{defn|A form of {{gli|mountaineering}} that includes {{gli|ice climbing}}, {{gli|dry-tooling}} and {{gli|rock climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also IFAS grade, and UIAA Scale of Difficulty}}

Part of the {{gli|alpine climbing}} system for {{gli|grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of alpine climbing routes, which goes: F ("facile/easy"), PD ("peu difficile/little difficult"), AD ("assez difficile/fairly hard"), D ("difficile/difficult"), TD ("très difficile/very hard"), and ED ("extrêmement difficile/extremely difficult"); ED then goes ED1, ED2, ED3, .. etc.{{cite book | first1=Gabriele |last1=Mandelli |first2=A |last2=Angriman | date=2016 | title=Scales of Difficulty in Mountaineering | publisher=Central School of Mountaineering, Italy |s2cid=53358088 }} }}

{{defn|An awkward climbing technique where the knee is placed on the hold rather than the foot.{{Cite web |title=Total Body Climbing: Use All Your Body Parts for Smart, Savvy Climbing |first=Heather |last=Weidner |work=Climbing |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=20 May 2019 |url= https://www.climbing.com/skills/total-body-climbing-use-all-your-body-parts-for-smart-savvy-climbing/ }}}}

{{defn|Starting a climb very early in the morning, generally before 5:00{{spaces}}a.m. (and even much earlier); common to {{gli|alpine climbing}} to avoid afternoon rockfalls and melting snow on the route, or to get firmer ice on the glacier travel to and from the route.}}

{{defn|Carrying all your own gear (even for multi-day climbs); also called "light-weight" climbing; opposite of {{gli|expedition style}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Death triangle.png

A dangerous {{gli|anchor}} that is created by connecting a closed loop of webbing between two points of protection.}}

{{defn|An arrangement of one or more pieces of fixed {{gli|protection}} set up to support the weight of a {{gli|belay}}, a {{gli|top rope}}, or an {{gli|abseil}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/news/rock-climbing-terms-definitions/ | title=What's A Redpoint And What Do Other Climbing Terms Mean? Our Climbing Dictionary Has The Answers | date=4 May 2022 | accessdate=3 March 2023 | author=Climbing Staff}} See also {{gli|deadman anchor}}.}}

{{defn|A measure of the ratio of a climber's arm span relative to their height.}}

{{defn|

1. A small ridge-like feature or a sharp outward-facing corner on a steep rock face.}}

{{defn|no=3|A method of {{gli|indoor climbing}} in which one is able to use such a corner as a hold. See also {{gli|dihedral}}.}}

{{term|term=arm bar|content=arm bar {{anchor|armbar}} }}

{{defn|A climbing technique where the climber jams their arm into a crack and locks it into place, to aid their ascent.}}

{{defn|1=File:Deep Water Solo Spot, Algarve Portugal .png

A technique in {{gli|deep-water soloing}} for entering shallower water where the climber needs to avoid deeper hazards in the water; executed properly a {{Convert|30|ft|m|adj=on}} fall can be absorbed in just {{Convert|5|ft|m|adj=off}} of water.{{cite web | website=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/learn-this-deep-water-soloing-101/ | title=Learn This: Deep-Water Soloing 101 | date=18 March 2019 | accessdate=10 May 2023 | first1=R, Bryan | last1=Simon | first2=Seth C. | last2=Hawkins}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Petzl Ascenders (On Rope).jpg

A mechanical device used for ascending a {{gli|fixed rope}}, very common in {{gli|aid climbing}} and {{gli|big wall climbing}}. See {{gli|jumar}}.}}

{{defn|The geographical direction which a particular slope or rock wall faces, e.g. "north aspect".}}

{{defn|A {{gli|belay device}} from Black Diamond (the "Air Traffic Controller") that became a generic term for any {{gli|tuber}} belay device. }}

{{defn|1=File:Australian Rappel.jpg {{ghat|Also angel jumping, deepelling and rap jumping.}}

A type of {{gli|abseiling}} technique performed face first; used for military purposes.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/dangerous-rappel-technique-australian/ | title=Rappellers Threw Themselves Face First Off Cliff With One-Nut Anchor | first=Kevin | last=Corrigan | date=4 September 2022 | accessdate=21 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|A mechanical {{gli|belay device}} on indoor {{gli|climbing wall}}s, which hangs from the top of routes that solo climbers clip into.}}

B

{{defn|A {{gli|grade|grading system}} for {{gli|bouldering}} invented by John Gill, now superseded by the {{gli|V-grade|V-grading system}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Bachar ladder.jpg

A piece of training equipment used to improve {{gli|campus|campusing}} and core body and arm strength; invented by John Bachar.}}

{{defn|A hazardous mistake of clipping the rope into a {{gli|quickdraw}} so the leader's end runs underneath the quickdraw as opposed to over the top of it; if the leader falls, the rope may fold directly over the gate, causing it to open and fail.{{cite web | magazine=Grippped Magazine | url=https://gripped.com/profiles/three-common-lead-climbing-mistakes-to-avoid/ | date=1 March 2021 | accessdate=3 March 2023 | title=Three Common Lead Climbing Mistakes to Avoid}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Rock Climbing - 25285498093.jpg

Stepping on a hold where the outside edge — little toe side — of the shoe touches the rock.

}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|protection}} device consisting of a nut and a movable ball used for very small thin cracks.{{cite web |url=http://www.sierramtnguides.com/demystifying-the-ball-nut/ |title=Demystifying the Ball Nut! |publisher=Sierra Mountain Guides |access-date=10 March 2023|first=Howie |last=Schwartz| date=21 July 2016}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Joshua Tree - Illusion Dweller 1.jpg

When all four points of contact are on a straight axis, the body can swing uncontrollably on this axis. See {{gli|flagging}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|copperhead}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Iker en Margalef.jpg

Where a {{gli|lead climber}} gains a brief upside-down rest by hanging from their wedged feet. See {{gli|chest jam}} and {{gli|knee bar}}.}}

{{term|term=belay|content=belay {{anchor|belaying}} }}

{{defn|To {{gli|protection|protect}} a roped {{gli|lead climbing|lead climber}} from falling by controlling the rope; usually involves a {{gli|belay device}}.}}

{{defn|The person {{gli|belay|belaying}} the {{gli|lead climber}}, also known as a {{gli|second}}.}}

{{defn|A mechanical device used by {{gli|belayer|belayers}} to increase braking force when belaying; can be passive like a {{gli|figure eight|figure eights}} or {{gli|tuber|tubers}}, or a more active {{gli|abd|assisted braking device}} like the Petzl GriGri.}}

{{defn|Glasses that are worn by the {{gli|belayer}} to help them avoid having to look upward, which can cause neck strain.}}

{{defn|1=File:Belayglove.saa.jpeg

Gloves that are worn by the {{gli|belayer}} to protect their skin in the event of sudden rope movement and to aid grip.{{cite web | magazine=Outside | first=Alison | last=Osius | title=Sh*t Climbers Bring These Days | url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-gear/climbing-gear/unnecessary-climbing-gear/ | date=22 August 2022 | accessdate=25 June 2024}}}}

{{defn|The strongest point on a climbing {{gli|harness}}, and the loop to which a {{gli|belay device}} is physically attached.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|climbing command}} from a {{gli|belayer}} to confirm that the friction of {{gli|belay|belaying}} has been removed from a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "{{gli|off belay}}" request.{{cite web | magazine=Outside | url=https://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/climbing/beginners-guide-rock-climbing/ | title=The Noob's Guide to Rock Climbing | first=Chris | last=Brinlee | date=16 March 2016 | accessdate=5 July 2023}}}}

{{defn|A {{gli|climbing command}} from a {{gli|belayer}} to confirm that the friction of {{gli|belay|belaying}} has been (re)applied to a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "{{gli|on belay}}" request.}}

{{defn|1=File:Red Rocks - Steve on The Nightcrawler - 1.jpg

The place from which a {{gli|belayer}} is belaying, sometimes anchored to the ground, or directly to the rock (particularly in a {{gli|hanging belay}} on {{gli|big wall climbing}} routes), or other objects.{{cite web|title=Belay stations – Mountaineering Methodology|url=http://www.mountaineeringmethodology.com/belay-stations/|website=www.mountaineeringmethodology.com|access-date=8 December 2017|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129003729/http://www.mountaineeringmethodology.com/belay-stations/|url-status=dead}}}}

{{defn|A {{gli|crevasse}} that forms on the upper portion of a glacier where the moving section pulls away from the {{gli|headwall}}.

}}

{{defn|Information on how to complete (or protect) a particular climbing route. See {{gli|on-sight}} and {{gli|flash}}.}}

{{defn|In {{gli|sport climbing}}, a move on a climbing route other than the move originally intended by the route setter. In bouldering, a move other than the move usually used on the boulder.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|flash}}.}}

{{defn|A rock-climbing technique for {{gli|overhang|overhangs}} where the feet "pinch-hold" a foothold by one foot pushing down on it while the other foot pulls up on it (i.e. like the pedals on a bicycle).{{cite web | website=FrictinoLabs | url=https://frictionlabs.com/blog/how-it-works-the-bicycle | title=How It Works: The Bicycle | date=2023 | accessdate=5 March 2023 | first=Conor | last=Griffith}}}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also tube chock.}}

A hollow telescopic tubular device manufactured by Trango for use as {{gli|protection}} in {{gli|off-width}} {{gli|crack climbing}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing |url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/learn-this-offwidth-protection-primer/ | first=Pamela | last=Pack | title=Learn This: Offwidth Protection Primer | date=18 April 2016 | accessdate=30 October 2023}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Craig DeMartino on Zodiac on El Capitan.jpg

A long sustained sheer exposed rock climb with at least 6–10 {{gli|pitch}}es (over 300–500 metres), that typically takes over a day (if not many days), and requires the hauling of food, water, sleeping bags, and the use of {{gli|portaledge}}s.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also bivy or bivvy.}}

A crude overnight camp or shelter on a climbing route; on a sheer vertical wall, a {{gli|portaledge}} can be used.}}

{{defn|A lightweight garment or sack offering full-body protection from wind and rain, which is used in a {{gli|bivouac}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also hip belay.}}

Where the {{gli|belayer}} uses their body, and not a mechanical {{gli|belay device}}, to increase braking force when belaying; usually involves wrapping the rope around their waist or hip.{{cite web|url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-hip-belay/ |title=How to Hip Belay|publisher=Climbing.com |access-date=20 April 2023 | date=18 June 2013 | first=Christian | last=Santelices}}}}

{{defn|A {{gli|sport climbing}} technique to get back onto the wall after falling by pulling on the rope to un-weight it, allowing the belayer to {{gli|take|take in}} the {{gli|slack}} quickly; avoids the fallen climber having to return to the ground.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-boink-sport-climbing/ | title=Learn This Critical Skill for Steep Rock: Boinking | first=Pat | last=Bagley | date=2 February 2023 | accessdate=5 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|1=File:A Snow Bollard on Meall Odhar - geograph.org.uk - 774915.jpg

A large block of rock or ice that is used as an {{gli|anchor}} to construct a {{gli|belay}}.

}}

{{defn|A point of {{gli|protection}} permanently installed in a hole drilled into the rock, to which a metal {{gli|bolt hanger}} is attached, with a hole to attach a {{gli|carabiner}} or a {{gli|quickdraw}}; used in {{gli|sport climbing}} and in {{gli|competition climbing}}.}}

{{defn|The deliberate removal of {{gli|bolt|bolts}} from a climb; happens on {{gli|traditional climbing}} routes (e.g. the Indian Face); also featured in the "bolt wars" of the 1980s and 1990s in the US.}}

{{defn|Sequence of {{gli|bolt|bolts}} that are so close together, they can be used by {{gli|aid climbing|aid climbers}} as a ladder.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also hanger.}} A piece of metal that is pre-attached to a {{gli|bolt}} (i.e. before the bolt is screwed in) into which {{gli|quickdraw}}s can be clipped.}}

{{defn|A term to describe a {{gli|bolt}} that has no {{gli|bolt hanger}}; will require a {{gli|rivet hanger}} to be used by a climber.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also bomber.}}

A highly secure {{gli|anchor}}, or a particularly solid handhold or foothold.{{cite web | website=British Mountaineering Council | url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/bomb-proof-belay-stakes-at-pembroke | title=Bomb-proof belay stakes at Pembroke | first=Cath | last=Fitchcroft | date=25 October 2007 | accessdate=1 March 2023}}

}}

{{defn|A type of larger harness to give a climber relief from bearing a constant load via their {{gli|harness|climbing harness}}.}}

{{defn|A type of climbing on large boulders less than {{convert|20|ft|m}} high with only {{gli|crash pad|crash pads}} and {{gli|spotting}} for protection.}}

{{defn|1=File:Crash pad.jpg

A thick foam pad used for protection when {{gli|bouldering}}; also called a crash pad.}}

{{defn|A technique in {{gli|aid climbing}} where a new placement is tested by using the {{gli|lead climber}}'s bodyweight.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-climb-a-big-wall/ | title=Everything You Need to Know for Your First Big Wall | first=Mark | last=Synott | date=23 February 2022 | accessdate=16 May 2023}}}}

{{defn|A knot that makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle of a rope.{{Cite web |title=Bowline on a bight | access-date=July 4, 2020 |url= https://www.animatedknots.com/bowline-on-a-bight-knot}}}}

{{defn|See {{gli|stemming}}.}}

{{defn|The practice of climbing on buildings, which is often illegal.}}

{{defn|1=File:Big Buttress, East Face, Sarclet - geograph.org.uk - 911727.jpg

A prominent rock feature that juts out from the rock face or from the mountain.

}}

C

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also clean aid climbing grade.}}

The technical difficulty {{gli|grade|grading}} system for {{gli|aid climbing}} that is "clean" (i.e. no {{gli|rock hammer|hammered}} {{gli|piton}}s or {{gli|bolt}}s), which goes: C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5; also has an {{gli|a-grade|A-grade}} equivalent of the "original" aid grades for "new wave".}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spring-loaded camming device}} (SLCD), also known as "friends", used as {{gli|protection}} in {{gli|traditional climbing}}.}}

{{defn|A brand of {{gli|spring-loaded camming device}} (SLCD), manufactured by Black Diamond Equipment.}}

{{defn|1=File:Bouldering at Lizard's Mouth in santa barbara, ca.jpg

Ascending a route without using the feet; is done on overhanging routes or on a {{gli|campus board}}. See {{gli|paddling}}.}}

{{defn|A piece of training equipment used to build finger strength and strong arm lock-offs.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also twist-lock carabiner, bent-gate carabiner.}}

An aluminum loop with a spring-loaded gate used to attach various load-bearing climbing devices together.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing carrot bolt.jpg {{ghat|Also bash-in.}}

An Australian term for a metal hex-headed machine bolt that functions like a {{gli|bolt}} but with no fixed {{gli|bolt hanger}}; climbers attach to the carrot bolt by using a version of a {{gli|rivet hanger}} or by attaching a removable bolt hanger plate.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | date=12 July 2023 | accessdate=8 November 2023 | first=Ryan | last=Siacci | url=https://www.climbing.com/places/the-carrot-bolt-an-australian-icon/ | title=Many a visitor has left our shores with crappy dacks (a quaint piece of slang meaning basically what you'd expect) after an exciting episode with this Aussie icon.}}}}

{{defn|Gymnastic magnesium carbonate chalk that is used to reduce moisture, improve friction, and mark holds.}}

{{defn|1=File:Klimmen pofzak.jpg

A hand-sized holder for climbing {{gli|chalk}} that is carried on a chalk belt or clipped to a {{gli|harness}}.

}}

{{defn|Type of {{gli|harness}} that also covers the upper body to help prevent a rotation in any fall; particularly used when the climber is carrying a heavy pack, or is climbing in an area with crevasses.}}

{{term|term=chest jam|content=chest jam {{anchor|chestjam}} }}

{{defn|Jamming the torso into a wide crack, especially to allow the climber to rest.}}

{{defn|Term in {{gli|big wall climbing}} and {{gli|aid climbing}} to refer to a {{gli|bolt}} placed to reduce the risk of a difficult section.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | url=https://gripped.com/routes/the-boot-flake-on-the-nose-on-el-cap-is-gone__trashed-2/ | title=The Boot Flake on The Nose on El Cap is Gone, April Foola | date=2 April 2020 | accessdate=25 May 2023}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Reed's Creek - Tied off Chicken Head.JPG

Knob or horn of rock narrowed at the base .}}

{{term|term=chicken wing|content=chicken wing {{anchor|chickenwing}} }}

{{defn|A {{gli|crack}} climbing technique where a hand is placed on one side of the crack and the shoulder on the other.{{Cite web |title=Don't Just Wing It: 6 Crucial Wide-Crack Techniques |first=Matt |last=Kuehl |magazine=Climbing |date=18 December 2015 |access-date=20 May 2019 |url= https://www.climbing.com/skills/dont-just-wing-it/}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Agamemnon (20600608644).jpg

Rock-climbing technique for climbing a rock cleft with mostly parallel vertical sides, large enough to fit the climber's body. See {{gli|stemming}}.}}

{{defn|Improving a climbing hold by chipping the rock — is considered unethical and poor practice in climbing.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also chockstone.}}

A stone wedged in a crack that can be threaded to create a point of {{gli|protection}} in {{gli|traditional climbing}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/gear/the-nut-chronicles/ | title=Before "the Nut" There Was "the Pebble"… and It Was Sketchy | date=27 April 2022 | accessdate=12 September 2023 | first1=Jeff | last1=Achey}}}}

{{defn|British term for a {{gli|traditional climbing}} route with very poor {{gli|protection}} where any fall could be fatal. See {{gli|x|X}}.}}

{{defn|Loose or "rotten" rock that makes for unpleasant, difficult, or dangerous climbing; useful for {{gli|dry-tooling}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|grade}}.}}

{{defn|no=1|To remove (or strip) {{gli|protection}} equipment from a climbing route.}}

{{defn|no=2|A route that is free of loose vegetation and rocks; vigorous cleaning can be {{gli|chipping}}}}

{{defn|no=3|To complete a climb without falling or resting on the rope. See {{gli|redpoint}}.}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|aid climbing}} where only removable {{gli|traditional climbing}} {{gli|protection}} is allowed, and no {{gli|rock hammer|hammered-in}} {{gli|bolt}}s or {{gli|piton}}s. See {{gli|C-grade}}.}}

{{defn|A broad movement that extended from the earlier {{gli|free climbing}} movement, which advocated minimizing any form of climbing that permanently impacted the natural rock surface, such as the use of {{gli|bolt}}s or {{gli|piton}}s in {{gli|sport climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing.nuttool.JPG

A device for removing jammed protection equipment, especially {{gli|nut|nuts}}, from a {{gli|route}}.

}}

{{defn|A region with numerous {{gli|climbing route}}s. See {{gli|crag}}}}

{{defn|A short phrase used for communication and instructions between a {{gli|lead climber}} and a {{gli|belayer}}. See {{gli|take}}.}}

{{defn|A specialized {{gli|indoor climbing}} center; usually just called a "climbing centre" in the UK.}}

{{defn|From german (Klettergipfel) a formation that can only be ascended by climbing.{{citation|editor-surname1=Der Sächsische Bergsteigerbund|title=Sächsische Kletterregeln : Vollständige Fassung|contribution=5.1 Klettergipfel|date=1 September 2009|language=German|url=http://www.bergsteigerbund.de/klettern_saechsische_kletterregeln.html|format=Webdokument|access-date=16 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910091422/http://www.bergsteigerbund.de/klettern_saechsische_kletterregeln.html|archive-date=10 September 2011|url-status=dead}}}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|See {{gli|dynamic rope}} and {{gli|static rope}}}}

General term for the wide range of specialized ropes that are used in all forms of climbing.}}

{{defn|A path by which a climber reaches the top of a mountain, a rock face or obstacle, or an ice-covered face or obstacle.}}

{{defn|1=File:Five Ten Anasazi Verde.jpg

Footwear designed specifically for rock climbing that fits tightly and with sticky rubber soles for grip.}}

{{defn|Artificial rock face that is typically housed indoors; is also used for {{gli|competition climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also clipping in.}}

The process of attaching the rope to {{gli|protection}} (usually via a {{gli|carabiner}}), to {{gli|belay}} devices, or to other {{gli|anchor|anchors}}. See {{gli|tie in}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|stick clip}}.}}

{{defn|A type of climbing held on {{gli|climbing wall}}s for mostly professional or Olympic climbers, split into the disciplines of {{gli|lead climbing}} (on a bolted {{gli|sport climbing}} route), {{gli|bouldering}} and {{gli|speed climbing}}. A fourth discipline of "combined" add the three together. See {{gli|ifsc|IFSC}}.{{cite web | website=British Mountaineering Council | url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/a-brief-history-of-competition-climbing | title=A brief history of competition climbing | first=Toby | last=Dunne | date=17 August 2021 | accessdate=10 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|A type of ice climbing held on {{gli|climbing wall}}s for mostly professional ice climbers, split into the disciplines of ice {{gli|lead climbing}} (on a bolted {{gli|sport climbing}} dry-wall route), and ice {{gli|speed climbing}} on an iced route. See also {{gli|uiaa|UIAA}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Copperheads.jpg {{ghat|Also head.}}

A small nut on a loop of wire with a head made of metal (often copper), soft enough to deform during placement, which is often with a {{gli|rock hammer|hammer}}; commonly used in {{gli|aid climbing}} as a point of placement, remaining fixed in-situ after placement.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also cordage, accessory cord}}

A short piece of thin climbing rope used for various purposes in climbing, including for creating {{gli|abseiling|abseil stations}}. See {{gli|tat}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/gear/a-beginners-guide-to-climbing-ropes/ | title=Your Complete Guide to Rock Climbing Ropes | first=Stephen | last=Potter | date=25 July 2022 | accessdate=21 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|A lock or toggle used to fasten cords with gloved hands. Used on most mountaineering gear.}}

{{defn|1=File:Cordelette at belay anchor.jpg

A loop of narrow (e.g. 5-7 millimetre) accessory perlon cord that is used to tie into multiple {{gli|anchor}} points.}}

{{defn|An inside corner of rock, the opposite of an {{gli|arête}} (UK). See {{gli|dihedral}}.}}

{{defn|To ascend by wedging body parts into natural cracks in the rock. See {{gli|jamming}}, {{gli|chimney}}, and {{gli|off-width}}.}}

{{defn|An expanse of continuous rock that contains a number of rock {{gli|climbing route}}s (e.g. Clogwyn Du'r Arddu).}}

{{defn|1=File:Mointain Boot with Crampons.jpg

A pair of metal frames with spikes that can be attached to boots to increase grip on snow and ice. See {{gli|front pointing}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|bouldering mat}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|ground fall}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:BW 2012-08-26 Anna Stoehr AUS 0601.JPG

A hold which is only just big enough to be grasped with the tips of the fingers.}}

{{defn|The most difficult portion of a climb; often the grade is defined by the difficulty of the crux.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/news/the-crux/ | title=The Crux | first=Steve | last=Quinn | date=13 August 2008 | accessdate=24 December 2022}}}}

{{defn|When a climber's feet swing away from the rock on overhanging terrain and they hang by their hands.}}

D

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also dry-tool climbing grade.}}

Where {{gli|mixed climbing}} routes are completed in fully dry conditions (i.e. no ice or snow), the "M" suffix of the {{gli|M-grade}} is swapped for a "D".}}

{{defn|A term in {{gli|bouldering}} for touching the ground, {{gli|crash pad}}, spotter, or hold from other {{gli|route}}.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | title=Do Ethical Dabs in Bouldering Exist? | first=Noah | last=Walker | date=21 July 2021 | accessdate=5 March 2023 | url=https://gripped.com/profiles/do-ethical-dabs-in-bouldering-exist/}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Daisychainclimbing.JPG

A special-purpose type of {{gli|sling}} with multiple sewn or tied loops, used in {{gli|aid climbing|aid}} and {{gli|big wall climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing World Championships 2018 Lead Final Garnbret 03.jpg

When a climber hangs limp, such that their weight is held by arm ligament tension rather than by muscles.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also snow anchor and T-slot}} An object which lies horizontally, buried in the snow, serving as an {{gli|anchor}} for an attached {{gli|fixed rope}}.{{Cite book|title=Mountaineering : the freedom of the hills|year=2017|publisher=Mountaineers Books |isbn=9781680510034|oclc=978286879}}}}

{{defn|A controlled {{gli|dynamic motion}} in which the hold is grabbed with one hand at the apex of upward motion of the body, while one or both feet and the other hand maintain contact with the rock.{{Cite web |title=Climbing Movement: 17. The DeadPoint |work=Climbing Tech Tips |date=20 August 2017 |access-date=20 May 2019 |url=https://climbingtechtips.com/instructional-climbing-videos/climbing-movement/the-deadpoint/ |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920014845/https://climbingtechtips.com/instructional-climbing-videos/climbing-movement/the-deadpoint/ |url-status=dead }} See {{gli|dyno|dynos}}.}}

{{defn|The ground below a climbing route (i.e they fell to the ground and "hit the deck"). See {{gli|ground fall}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also psicobloc.}} File:Natalija Gros in Kamenjak, Croatia, 2009 photo Jure Breceljnik.jpg

{{gli|Free solo climbing}} on an overhanging route over a body of water to absorb any fall.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also rappel device.}}

A mechanical device that enables a controlled descent on a {{gli|fixed rope}}; {{gli|belay device|belay devices}} can be descenders.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also dex.}}

A drug to treat high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).{{cite web |author1=Cymerman, A |author2=Rock, PB |title=Medical Problems in High Mountain Environments. A Handbook for Medical Officers |publisher=US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report |id=USARIEM-TN94-2 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7976 |access-date=2009-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423042510/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7976 |archive-date=2009-04-23 |url-status=usurped }}

}}

{{defn|To have a complete understanding of a particular climbing move or sequence of moves on a route.}}

{{defn|A drug used to inhibit the onset of altitude sickness; otherwise known as acetazolamide.}}

{{defn|1=File:Red Rocks - Climbing the Fox - 1.jpg

An open book-shaped {{gli|corner}} formed at the intersection of two flat rock faces; the opposite of an {{gli|arête}}.}}

{{defn|Italian for "shortest link", is the most direct route to the summit of a mountain up the fall line (e.g. the Brandler-Hasse Direttissima on the Cima Grande, Dolomites); origin of the term is often attributed to Emilio Comici who said: "I wish some day to make a route, and from the summit let fall a drop of water, and this is where my route will have gone".{{cite web | url=https://gripped.com/news/film-emilio-comici-angel-of-the-dolomites/ | title=Film: Emilio Comici – Angel of the Dolomites | date=8 July 2015 | magazine=Gripped Magazine | accessdate=25 August 2023}}}}

{{defn|A new variation of an existing rock climbing route that avoids detours taken before the main line is reached due to their greater difficulty (e.g. Suprême Jumbo Love as a direct start to Jumbo Love).}}

{{defn|A climber who lives modestly and often itinerantly, to maximize the amount of time climbing. Practitioners included Jan and Herb Conn and Fred Beckey (from the film: Dirtbag: The Legend of Fred Beckey).{{Cite web|title=DIRTBAG: THE LEGEND OF FRED BECKEY Screening|url=https://www.mountaineers.org/locations-lodges/seattle-program-center/events/dirtbag-the-movie|access-date=2021-02-07|website=The Mountaineers|language=en}}}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also half ropes.}} File:Hebrides climbing - The Raven.jpg

In {{gli|lead climbing}} where two thinner ropes are used instead of a single rope to manage {{gli|drag|rope drag}}. Compare {{gli|twin ropes}}.}}

{{defn|To descend by climbing downward (rather than by {{gli|abseiling}} or {{gli|lower-off|lowering off}}), after completing a climb, or {{gli|bail}}ing.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also rope drag.}}

Friction from the rope running over the rock and through the lower {{gli|protection}}. See {{gli|slack}} and {{gli|double ropes}}.{{cite journal|last1=Ellison|first1=Julie|title=Extension Basics|journal=Climbing|date=11 January 2013|url=http://www.climbing.com/skills/extension-basics/|access-date=9 December 2016}}{{cite web|title=Preventing Rope Drag|url=http://www.climbingtechniques.org/preventing-rope-drag.html|website=ClimbingTechniques.org|access-date=9 December 2016}}{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-lead-climb/ | title=A Beginner's Guide to Lead Climbing | first=Stephen | last=Potter | date=23 August 2022 | accessdate=24 December 2022}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Red Rocks - Piton at Great Red Book Rock.jpg

A type of {{gli|anchor}} used in soft rock instead of {{gli|bolt|bolts}} that uses a "baby angle" ({{gli|piton}}) {{gli|rock hammer|hammered}} into a drilled hole, which some think is better in soft rock than bolts that can crack the rock.{{cite web|title=Drilling Bolts? Do Not Do This! |url=https://www.mountainproject.com/forum/topic/105890815/drilling-bolts-do-not-do-this|website=Mountain Project|access-date=15 December 2017}}{{cite web|title=Drilled Pitons in the desert| url=https://www.mountainproject.com/forum/topic/105950741/drilled-pitons-in-the-desert|website=Mountain Project|access-date=15 December 2017}}

}}

{{defn|A {{gli|deadpoint}} where one arm crosses over the other to reach a hold that is above and to the side.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also egyptian.}}

An advanced rock-climbing technique where the knee is dropped downwards to twist the hips—and the centre of gravity—closer to the rock face, thus increasing the amount of upward reach and torque available to the climber; the unique stresses on the knee can lead to serious injuries.}}

{{defn|1=File:Ice climbing Ecrins 2014 2.jpg

Using {{gli|ice climbing}} tools such as {{gli|crampons}} and {{gli|ice axe|ice axes}}, on bare rock. See {{gli|Mixed climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also DTS.}}

Type of {{gli|dry-tooling}} with additional restrictions and particularly a prohibition on {{gli|yaniro}} moves.}}

{{defn|A classical non-mechanical {{gli|abseiling}} technique where the {{gli|fixed rope}} is wrapped around the body.}}

{{defn|An elastic {{gli|climbing rope}} that softens falls to some extent and absorbs the energy of heavy loads. Compare {{gli|static rope}}.}}

{{defn|In rock climbing, a dynamic jump or leap to grab an out-of-reach hold; failure to grab the hold will usually result in a {{gli|fall}}. See also {{gli|paddling}} and {{gli|campusing}}.}}

E

{{defn|Part of the British adjectival grading system that is used to rank the level of risk (a separate grade is given for technical difficulty) of {{gli|traditional climbing}} routes, and which goes E1, E2, E3, ... to E11 (an additional metric is used for technical difficulty).}}

{{defn|A technique of using the edge of a {{gli|climbing shoe}} on a narrow foothold; in the absence of footholds, {{gli|smearing}} is used.}}

{{defn|1=File:Janja Garnbret, World Championships, 17 09 2016 Paris.jpg

See {{gli|Drop knee}}.}}

{{defn|The same position as {{gli|bridging}} or {{gli|chimneying}}, but with one leg in front and one behind the body.}}

{{defn|A mountain whose elevation exceeds 8,000 meters (26,247 ft) a.s.l, of which there are only 14 in the world.}}

{{defn|no=1 | A {{gli|bouldering}} move, or series of moves, where certain holds are placed "off bounds".}}

{{defn|no=2 | A British climbing term for a route that does not take the most obvious or direct line, and instead 'eliminates' the use of other features to create its line (e.g. not allowing the climber to use a nearby crack in making their ascent).}}

{{defn|See {{gli|sewing-machine leg}}.}}

{{defn|A mountaineering term to describe linking-up several individual climbs to create a larger undertaking.}}

{{defn|1=File:PetzlScorpioShockAbsorber.jpg {{ghat|Also shock absorber.}}

A piece of {{gli|protection}} equipment used in {{gli|via ferrata}} climbing to absorb the energy of the arrest of any fall. See {{gli|lanyard}}.}}

{{defn|An otherwise ordinary climb that turned into a major struggle.}}

{{defn|An acronym for Equalised, Redundant, No Extension, Strong, and Timely, in building {{gli|anchor|anchors}}. See {{gli|serene|SERENE}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Tatryhakowka.jpg

A short ladder made of {{gli|webbing}} that is used for {{gli|aid climbing}}.{{cite book|first=Harvey|last=Frommer|title=The Sports Junkie's Book of Trivia, Terms, and Lingo: What They Are, Where They Came From, and How They're Used|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf0lAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA308|year=2005|publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing|isbn=978-1-4616-2603-9|page=308}}}}

{{defn|A flat overhand used to join a pair of ropes for retrievable {{gli|abseil|abseils}}; considered dubious in America.}}

{{defn|Using teams of support people (e.g. support climbers, sherpas, and/or equipment porters, etc.), and equipment (e.g. {{gli|fixed rope}}, base camps, etc.) in helping the lead climbers reach the eventual summit; opposite of {{gli|alpine style}}.}}

{{defn|The level of empty space below or around a climber who is not in a secure position.}}

F

{{defn|Any climbing on vertical rock using finger holds, {{gli|edge|edges}}, and {{gli|smearing|smears}}, as opposed to {{gli|crack climbing}}.}}

{{defn|Ratio of the height (h) a climber falls to the rope length (l) available to absorb the energy of a fall.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also false summit}}

A peak that appears to be the pinnacle of the mountain but upon reaching, it turns out the summit is higher (and further ahead).}}

{{defn|1=File:2016 UIAA Ice Climbing World Tour Cheongsong - 59.jpg

{{ghat|Also figure of four and figure-four move and yaniro}}

An advanced climbing technique in which the climber hooks a leg over the opposite arm (which needs to be in a good handhold), and then pushes down with this leg to achieve a greater vertical reach; more common in {{gli|mixed climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also figure of nine and figure-nine move}}

A variation of the {{gli|figure-four}} move where the "same-side" leg is used instead of the "opposite" leg.}}

{{defn|1=File:Abseilachter mit Seil.JPG

A {{gli|belay device}} or {{gli|descender}} that is shaped like the number eight.

}}

{{defn|1=File:Achterknoten2.JPG

A knot commonly used to {{gli|tie in}} a climber's {{gli|harness}} to the climbing rope.

}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also finger lock.}}

A type of {{gli|jamming|jam}} using the fingers in a crack.}}

{{defn|Training equipment used to build finger strength. See also {{gli|hangboard}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also FA.}}

The first successful ascent of a new {{gli|route}} by any means, including {{gli|aid climbing}} (i.e. not via {{gli|free climbing}}).}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also FFA.}}

The {{gli|first ascent}} of a new {{gli|route}} without {{gli|aid climbing|aid}}, following the {{gli|free climbing}} criteria of a {{gli|redpoint}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also FFFA.}}

The first female to complete a free ascent of a route that has already had an FFA.}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|jamming|jam}} using the hand.}}

{{defn|1=File:Žumarování.JPG

A rope that hangs from a fixed attachment point; commonly used for {{gli|abseil|abseiling}} (going down) or for {{gli|jumar|jumaring}} (going up).}}

{{defn|A rock-climbing technique where a leg is held in a position to maintain balance, rather than to support weight, often to prevent a {{gli|barn-door}}. There are three types of flagging:

;normal flag : Flagging foot stays on the same side (e.g. flagging right foot to the right side of the body).

;reverse inside-flag : Flagging foot is crossed in front of the foot that is on a foothold.

;reverse outside-flag : Flagging foot is crossed behind the foot that is on a foothold.

}}

{{defn|A thin slab of rock detached from the main face offering a hold, although it may become detached.}}

{{defn|To ascend a route on the first attempt, but having obtained {{gli|beta}}; with no beta, it is an {{gli|on-sight}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Fontainebleau grade.}}

The French {{gli|grade}} system for {{gli|bouldering}}, which goes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, .... , to 9A; with the American {{gli|v-grade|V-grade}} system, is the most common worldwide boulder-grading system. Font grades are often confused with {{gli|French grade}}s.}}

{{term|term=foot jam|content=foot jam {{anchor|footjam}} }}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also heel-to-toe jam.}}

A technique of {{gli|jamming}} the foot into a large crack by twisting so that the heel and toes touch the sides.}}

{{defn|The tearing of skin and flesh due to friction with sharp or rough surfaces. }}

{{defn|A mountain summit that exceeds {{convert|14000|ft|m}}, particularly one in the contiguous United States.}}

{{defn|{{gli|Free solo climbing}} but with a BASE jumping parachute as a backup in the event of a fall.}}

{{defn|Climbing without artificial {{gli|aid climbing|aids}} other than for {{gli|protection}}; can be done as {{gli|sport climbing}} or {{gli|traditional climbing}}.}}

{{term|term=free solo climbing|content=free solo climbing {{anchor|free soloing}} }}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also free soloing.}}File: Michael Reardon - free soloing in Joshua Tree.jpg

Climbing without any type of {{gli|aid climbing|aid}} or any form of climbing {{gli|protection}}.}}

{{defn|The use of very basic {{gli|aid climbing}} techniques (i.e. {{gli|A-grade|A0-graded}} aid techniques such as pulling on climbing protection) to bypass a short section that is not easily climbable, particularly used in {{gli|big wall climbing}}.{{cite web | title=What is French free climbing | website=Climber | url=https://www.climbernews.com/what-is-french-free-climbing/ | date=12 April 2021 | accessdate=5 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Sport climbing grade, and Plaisir grade}}

The French {{gli|grade}} system for {{gli|sport climbing}}, which goes: 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, .... , to 9c; with the American {{gli|yosemite decimal system|YDS}} system, is the most common sport climbing grading system. French grades are often confused with {{gli|font}} grades.}}

{{defn|Moving off for the second hold without being established on the start holds, thus using the floor as a foothold. In most {{gli|competition climbing}}, including {{gli|IFSC}} events, starting a climb in this manner invalidates the attempt.{{cite web |url=https://cdn.ifsc-climbing.org/images/World_Competitions/2021_IFSC_Rules_v165.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508042833/https://cdn.ifsc-climbing.org/images/World_Competitions/2021_IFSC_Rules_v165.pdf|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 8, 2021|title= 2021 Rules |access-date=2021-12-04 |author= IFSC 2021 Rules Commission}}}}

{{defn|An exercise used to develop lock-off strength consisting of pull-ups that stop with the elbows locked at angles between 20 and 160 degrees.}}

{{defn|Delicate and easily broken rock, or ice, often dangerously so.}}

{{defn|A rock-climbing technique relying solely on the friction between the sloped rock and the sole of the {{gli|climbing shoe|shoe}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing gear - Wild Country Friends - 06.jpg

The name of Wild Country's {{gli|spring-loaded camming device}} (SLCD) {{gli|protection}}, and a generic name for SLCDs.}}

{{defn|An {{gli|ice climbing}} technique that uses the frontmost-spikes of the {{gli|crampons}} to ascend iced routes.}}

{{defn|1=File:Ice Climbing Fruit Boots.jpg

Type of lightweight shoe used in {{gli|mixed climbing}} and {{gli|ice climbing}} that have in-built {{gli|crampons}}.}}

G

{{defn|Mountaineering clothing equipment that is worn over the boots and lower leg to give added protection and waterproofing.}}

{{defn|A climbing grip using one hand with the thumb down and elbow out, like a reverse {{gli|side pull}}. The grip maintains friction against a hold by pressing outward toward the elbow. Named for Gaston Rébuffat.}}

{{defn|The unwelcome action of the gate on a {{gli|carabiner}} opening during a fall.}}

{{defn|A rock-pinnacle or isolated rock-tower encountered along a ridge; often at the intersection of ridges.}}

{{defn|A modified {{gli|Dulfersitz}} {{gli|rappel}} using the hip and downhill arm for friction — less complex, but less friction and control.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|belay device|belay plate device}} for belaying a second from above that has auto-blocking; made by Kong. See also {{gli|sticht plate|Sticht plate}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Glissading 0125 (3938801127).jpg

A voluntary act of sliding down a steep slope of snow using an {{gli|ice axe}} for control.}}

{{defn|Classifications intended as an objective measure of the technical difficulty of a climbing route (including rock, ice, bouldering, mixed, and aid). The most widely used {{gli|lead climbing}}} grading systems are the {{gli|French grade|French sport climbing grades}}, and the American {{gli|yosemite decimal system|Yosemite Decimal System}}; for {{gli|bouldering}}, it is the {{gli|font}} grade and the {{gli|v-grade|V-grade}} systems.}}

{{defn|The {{gli|first free ascent}} (FFA) by a {{gli|lead climber}} of a new {{gli|climbing route}} that sets a new grade level (e.g. the first-ever {{climbing grade|9b}} grade milestone was Chris Sharma's FFA of Jumbo Love in 2008).}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also greenpointing.}}

Ascending a {{gli|sport climbing}} route but only using {{gli|traditional climbing}} protection (e.g. Principle Hope). See {{gli|redpoint}}.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | url=https://gripped.com/profiles/redpoint-pinkpoint-and-headpoint-what-do-they-mean/ | title=Redpoint, Pinkpoint, and Headpoint – What Do They Mean? | first=Aaron | last=Pardy | date=5 November 2022 | accessdate=21 December 2022}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Belaying grigri.jpg

A {{gli|belay device}} invented and manufactured by Petzl; also used in rope solo climbing.}}

{{defn|Accidentally going off-route {{gli|lead climbing|leading}} into a harder route; from the notorious climb Gronk in Avon Gorge.}}

{{defn|{{ghat|Also decking.}}

Where a {{gli|lead climber}} falls and hits the ground, either because their {{gli|protection}} failed (e.g. {{gli|zipper fall}}), the {{gli|runout}} was too great, or the {{gli|belayer}} failed to arrest or hold the rope.}}

H

{{defn|See {{gli|double ropes}}.}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|jamming|jam}} using the hand in a crack.}}

{{defn|{{gli|traverse|Traversing}} without any definitive footholds, i.e. no {{gli|edging}}, {{gli|smearing}} or {{gli|heelhooking}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Concet Climbing Solution Hangboard .jpg

A training device to increase the climber's arm and finger strength. See {{gli|campus board}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/hangboarding-easier-or-harder/ | title=Hangboarding For Everyone | date=6 October 2022 | accessdate=10 March 2023 | first=Kevin | last=Corrigan}}}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also hangdogging.}}

To hang on the rope, or a piece of {{gli|protection}}, after falling, and then start reclimbing without returning to the ground.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | title=How to Hangdog Sport Climbing | date=21 July 2022 | accessdate=3 March 2023 | first=Laz | last=Haas | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-hangdog-sport-climbing/}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Pou Anaiak el niño 8b - panoramio.jpg

Where the {{gli|belay station}} of the {{gli|belayer}} is suspended from the ground and tied to the wall via a fixed {{gli|anchor}} point; used in {{gli|big wall|big wall climbing}} and {{gli|multi-pitch climbing}}.}}

{{defn|Type of {{gli|crampons|crampon}} attachment to the back of the heel used in {{gli|mixed climbing}} to perform a {{gli|heel hook}}.{{cite web | magazine=Rock & Ice | url=https://www.rockandice.com/opinion/is-mixed-climbing-legitimate/ | title=Is Mixed Climbing Legitimate? | first=Ryan | last=Nelson | date=27 February 2012 | accessdate=30 April 2023 | archive-date=30 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430121105/https://www.rockandice.com/opinion/is-mixed-climbing-legitimate/ | url-status=dead }}}}

{{term|term=high-altitude cerebral edema|content=high-altitude cerebral edema {{anchor|HACE}} }}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also HACE.}}

A severe and often fatal form of altitude sickness caused by physical exertion without sufficient oxygen.}}

{{term|term=high-altitude pulmonary edema|content=high-altitude pulmonary edema {{anchor|HAPE}} }}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also HAPE.}}

A severe form of altitude sickness caused by physical exertion without sufficient oxygen.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also climbing harness.}}

A sewn nylon webbing load-bearing device that is worn around the climber's waist and thighs, and to which the climbing rope, and other load-bearing climbing devices, can be attached.}}

{{defn|1=File:Haul bag.jpg

A large hard-wearing bag for supplies and equipment that can be dragged up multi-pitch or {{gli|big wall}} routes.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also headpointing.}}

{{gli|Top-roping}} a {{gli|traditional climbing}} route before {{gli|clean|lead climbing}} it to practice the moves. See {{gli|redpoint}}.}}

{{defn|A region at the top of a cliff or rock face that steepens dramatically.}}

{{term|term=heel hook|content=heel hook {{anchor|heelhook}} }}

{{defn|1=File:Emily Harrington sends Golden Gate (5.13 VI) in El Capitan - 04.jpg

Using the back of the heel to apply pressure on a {{gli|hold}} for balance or for leverage.{{cite web |title=Intermediate Moves |url=http://www.climbingtechniques.org/intermediate-moves.html |website=ClimbingTechniques.org |access-date=13 March 2019 |language=en}}

}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also heel-toe cam.}}

A combination of a {{gli|toe hook}} and {{gli|heel hook}} to hold the body onto the climbing route.}}

{{defn|A short {{gli|runner}} made of 5- to 8-mm {{gli|cord}} tied in to a loop. Commonly used for self-belay during {{gli|rappel}}, escaping a {{gli|belay}}, and in {{gli|crevasse}} rescue.{{Cite book|title=Mountaineering : the freedom of the hills|year=2017|publisher=Mountaineers Books |isbn=9781680510034|oclc=978286879}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing gear - Black Diamond Hexes - 08.jpg

A {{gli|protection|protective device}} consisting of an eccentric hexagonal {{gli|nut}} attached to a wire loop.}}

{{defn|1=File:Hampi bouldering - 08.jpg

A {{gli|boulder problem}} over circa {{convert|5-10|m|ft|adj=on}} high, where falling is dangerous.}}

{{defn|A method of {{gli|belay|belaying}}, whereby the rope friction is increased by passing the rope around the hip of the belayer.}}

{{defn|A place to temporarily cling, grip, jam, press, or stand in the process of climbing a route. See {{gli|volume hold}}.}}

{{defn|A round-ended {{gli|carabiner}} for use with a {{gli|Munter hitch}} (from German for the hitch; Halbmastwurfsicherung).}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also fifi hook and cam hook.}}

A mechanical piece of climbing equipment used in {{gli|aid climbing}}. See also {{gli|skyhook}}.}}

{{defn| A round hold consisting of a pocket in the rock with a positive lip, varying in size from a single finger (a "mono") to body-sized. The term comes from Hueco Tanks that is notable for huecos, the Spanish term for a "hole".}}

{{defn|See {{gli|V-grade}}.}}

I

{{defn|1=File:Matériel d'escalade - studio WMCH - pioche Petzel.jpg

A multi-purpose tool used in {{gli|alpine climbing}} that is a combination of an ice pick, {{gli|adze}}, and pointed stick.}}

{{defn|Ascending iced routes (e.g. waterfalls, and couloirs), with specialized equipment. See {{gli|mixed climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Ice Hammer K7NS1013.jpg

A lightweight {{gli|ice axe}} with a hammer and pick head on a short handle, and no spike. See also {{gli|rock hammer}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:EishakenSchrauben.JPG

A long, wide, serrated {{gli|piton}} that can be used for weak {{gli|protection}} on ice.}}

{{defn|Modern {{gli|protection}} device in {{gli|ice climbing}}, with the tubular ice screw as the strongest.{{cite web | url=http://www.blackdiamondequipment.com/en_CA/ice-climbing-protection/express-ice-screw-BD4902100000ALL1.html | title=Best Ice Climbing tools | Black Diamond Ice Axes | Black Diamond® Climbing Gear }}}}

{{defn|A specialized elaboration of the modern {{gli|ice axe}} that is used in modern advanced {{gli|ice climbing}}.}}

{{defn|Acronym for the international body that organises and regulates {{gli|competition climbing}}. See {{gli|uiaa|UIAA}}.}}

{{defn|Rock climbing that takes place on artificial {{gli|climbing wall}}s that are set up inside buildings.}}

{{defn|Denotes {{gli|protection}} that is installed on the route (e.g. "there is a {{gli|piton}} and {{gli|sling}} "in-situ" at the {{gli|crux}}").}}

{{defn|In {{gli|competition climbing}}, an area where competitiors are kept to prevent them getting {{gli|beta}} on the upcoming routes.{{cite web | website=International Federation of Sport Climbing | url=https://www.ifsc-climbing.org/index.php/world-competition/rules | title=IFSC RULES 2023 | date=April 2023 | accessdate=2 April 2023}}}}

J

{{defn|1=File:Coyne Crack 5.11+ - Supercrack Buttress - Indian Creek.jpg

Wedging a body part into a crack, including {{gli|finger jam}}, {{gli|foot jam}}, {{gli|hand jam}}, and {{gli|chest jam}}.}}

{{defn|A very small foothold, large enough for the big toe, relying heavily on friction to support the weight.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|bucket}}.}}

{{defn|A type of mechanical {{gli|ascender}}, and the generic term for ascending a {{gli|fixed rope}} using a mechanical ascender.}}

K

{{defn|See {{gli|carabiner}}.}}

{{defn|An alternative to the {{gli|prusik|Prusik knot}}, useful when the climber is short of cord but has plenty of webbing.}}

{{term|knee bar|content=knee bar {{anchor|kneebar}} }}

{{defn|1=File:Hueco Tanks - Schwerer Gustav - V11.webm

Wedging a knee against a hold in such a way as to allow the other limbs to be released and rested.{{cite web|last1=Buys|first1=Jordan|title=Use your knees!|url=http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=3154|magazine=UKClimbing|date=15 November 2010 |access-date=12 December 2016}}

}}

{{defn|See {{gli|Egyptian}}.}}

{{term|knee pad | content=knee pad {{anchor|knee pad}} }}

{{defn|An artificial pad that is worn on the lower thigh to protect a climber when performing a {{gli|knee bar}}; initially controversial as they raised technical standards, but came to be accepted like climbing shoes.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | date=31 December 2020 | accessdate=25 June 2024 | first=Noah | last=Walker | title=Grading: Adam Ondra and Alex Megos on Ethics and Kneepads | url=https://gripped.com/news/rock/grading-ondra-and-megos-on-ethics-and-kneepads/}}{{cite web | url=https://adamondra.com/updates/climbing-ethics | title=Climbing Ethics | author=Adam Ondra | website=AdamOndra.com | accessdate=1 January 2022 | date=8 January 2021}}

}}

L

{{defn|1=File:Negotiating crevasse.JPG

Lightweight rigid aluminum ladders are used in {{gli|expedition style}} mountaineering to cross crevasses or on difficult sections as a form of {{gli|aid climbing}} support (this can also be done with flexible {{gli|bachar ladder}}s). See also {{gli|aider}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:ViaFerrataLanyardPetzlScorpio.jpg

A Y-shaped piece of {{gli|protection}} equipment used in {{gli|via ferrata}} climbing that attaches the {{gli|harness}} to the fixed steel cables. Lanyards often attach to {{gli|energy absorber}}s given the higher {{gli|fall factor}} of via ferrata climbing.}}

{{defn|1=File:Clifton, Tasmania - Matchless - 1.jpg

Climbing an edge by {{gli|side pull|side-pulling}} with both hands and using opposing friction for the feet.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also leading.}}

A form of climbing in which a {{gli|lead climber}} clips their {{gli|belay}} rope into {{gli|protection}} equipment as they ascend.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also leader.}}

The individual ascending the route in {{gli|lead climbing}}; the other person is the {{gli|belayer}}.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|lead climber}} fall while {{gli|lead climbing}}; will be at least twice the distance to the last piece of {{gli|protection}}.}}

{{defn|A technique used to climb {{gli|off-width}} cracks pioneered in the late 1970s by Randy Leavitt and Tony Yaniro that uses alternating hand-fist stacks and leg-calf locks; helpful for resting, and when placing {{gli|protection}}.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | url=https://gripped.com/news/leavittation-how-to-climb-offwidth-cracks/ | title=Leavittation: How To Climb Offwidth Cracks | accessdate=6 March 2023| date=8 May 2013}}}}

{{defn|A liquid form of {{gli|climbing chalk}} but with a longer hold time.}}

{{defn|In {{gli|lead climbing}}, the segment of the rope between the {{gli|lead climber}} and the {{gli|belayer}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing World Championships 2018 Lead Semi Klingler (BT0A1022).jpg

A climber holding a fixed position with one bent arm, usually while clipping or reaching for another hold with their other arm, or resting. Contrast with {{gli|dead hang}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|Egyptian}}.}}

{{defn|When a {{gli|lead climber}} is lowered down the route by the {{gli|belayer}} holding their weight on the {{gli|belay device}}.}}

{{defn|In competition bouldering, a marked hold somewhere between the start and zone. It is either worth some number of points (less than the zone) or used as a tiebreaker.}}

M

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also mixed climbing grades.}}

Part of the {{gli|mixed climbing}} system for {{gli|grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of mixed climbing routes, which goes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and up to M14. See also {{gli|D-grade}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Rat rock 2 020.jpg

Moving onto a shelf of rock by pressing down on it with the palms until the climber can stand on the "mantel" (i.e. the same action as leaving from the side of a pool).{{cite web |title=Climbing Techniques and Moves {{!}} REI Expert Advice |url=https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/climbing-techniques.html |website=REI |access-date=13 March 2019}}

}}

{{defn|A type of climbing that involves using {{gli|ice climbing}} tools on iced-up or snow-covered rock surfaces; mixed climbing techniques are used in {{gli|dry-tooling}} and in {{gli|alpine climbing}}.}}

File:Mono hold.jpeg

{{defn|A climbing hold, typically a {{gli|pocket}} or a {{gli|hueco}}, which only has enough room for one finger.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|simul climbing}}.}}

{{defn|A climb that has more than one {{gli|pitch}}; a {{gli|big wall}} route involves so many pitches, it takes over a day.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Italian hitch or friction hitch.}}

A simple hitch used for {{gli|belay|belaying}} without a mechanical {{gli|belay device}}.

}}

N

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also NCCS}} {{ghat|Also commitment grade}}

A North American grading system used mainly in {{gli|big wall climbing}} and {{gli|alpine climbing}}; goes from I, II, III ... to VII.}}

{{defn|Permanent granular ice formed by repeated freeze-thaw cycles.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|A-grade}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:No hands rest.jpg

An entirely leg-supported resting position during climbing that does not require hands on the rock.

}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also voie normale}} {{ghat|Also Normalweg}}

The easiest and most frequently used route for ascending and descending a climb.{{cite book | title=The Mountain Encyclopedia: An A to Z Compendium of Over 2,250 Terms, Concepts, Ideas, and People | first1=Frederic | last1=Hartemann | first2=Robert | last2=Hauptman | publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing | date=2005-06-15 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifs2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA158| isbn=9781461703310}}}}

{{defn|A mountain or rock formation that protrudes through an ice field.

}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing gear - Assorted nuts - 10.jpg

A metal wedge attached to a wire loop that is inserted into cracks for {{gli|protection}}. See {{gli|hexcentric}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also nut tool.}}

See {{gli|cleaning tool}}.}}

O

{{defn|American {{gli|climbing command}} when requesting that the {{gli|belayer}} remove {{gli|belay}} equipment from the climbing rope (e.g. when cleaning top {{gli|protection}} from a lead route). Replied to with "{{gli|belay off}}".}}

{{defn|1=File:Creeks Giving - Climbing in Indian Creek, Utah - 23.jpg

A crack that is too wide for effective hand or foot {{gli|jamming|jams}} but is not as large as a {{gli|chimney}}. See {{gli|big bro}}.}}

{{defn|American {{gli|climbing command}} when they are ready to be {{gli|belay|belayed}}. Replied to with "{{gli|belay on}}".}}

{{term|on-sight |content=on-sight {{anchor|onsight}} }}

{{defn|To ascend a route on the first attempt, with no prior {{gli|beta}}; with beta, it is a {{gli|flash}}.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | url=https://gripped.com/profiles/onsight-and-flash-what-do-they-mean/ | first=Aaron | last=Pardy | date=2 November 2022 | accessdate=24 December 2022 | title=Onsight and Flash – What Do They Mean?}}}}

{{defn|An inside angle in the rock. See also {{gli|dihedral}}.}}

{{defn|A route that was {{gli|bolt}}ed by someone (e.g. they bought and installed the bolts) but who was unsuccessful in {{gli|redpoint}}ing it, and it is now considered to be "open" to any climber to try; sometimes the original bolter will leave colored tape on the first bolt(s) to note the route is "not open".{{cite web | magazine=Climbing |url=https://www.climbing.com/people/crusty-corner-the-red-tag-dilemma/ | title=Ah Yes: The Red-Tag / Open Project Dilemma | date=26 June 2019 | accessdate=15 September 2023 | first=Matt | last=Samet}}}}

{{defn|A section of rock or ice that is angled beyond the vertical. See {{gli|roof}}.}}

P

{{defn|A multi-move {{gli|dyno}} where the climber must move quickly through a sequence of intermediate hand holds (neither of which can hold the climber for any period), with their arms mimicking a paddling action and their feet usually in mid-air, before getting to a secure position. See also {{gli|campusing}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-master-climbing-dynos/ | title=Uncoordinated? Here are Three Drills to Improve Your Dynamic Movement | first=Josh | last=Larson | date=14 December 2021 | accessdate=25 April 2023}} }}

{{defn|Type of {{gli|protection}} that remains static during a fall; opposite of {{gli|active protection}}. See {{gli|nut}}s and {{gli|hexcentric}}s.}}

{{defn|To systematically attain every peak of a designated class of summits (e.g. eight-thousanders), sometimes under prescribed conditions (e.g. in winter), and/or in a prescribed climbing style (e.g. no supplementary oxygen).}}

{{defn|A {{gli|piton}}.}}

{{defn|no=1|Swinging on a taut anchored rope to reach the next hold in a {{gli|traverse|pendulum traverse}}.}}

{{defn|no=2|A swing experienced during a fall caused by the last piece of {{gli|protection}} being far to one side.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|quickdraw}} but made from a steel cable with steel {{gli|carabiner}}s that is permanently fixed to the {{gli|bolt}}; longer wearing than aluminum quickdraws, and climbers do not need to retrieve them after a climb.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also PAS.}}

An adjustable attachment point from a climber to a fixed {{gli|anchor}}, give them flexibility to perform other tasks.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also snow picket.}} File:Firnanker.JPG

A long, tubular rod driven into the snow to provide a makeshift {{gli|anchor}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also pinch.}}

A hold, which must be "pinched" between the fingers to use it.}}

{{defn|{{gli|Lead climbing}} where the {{gli|protection}} (e.g. {{gli|quickdraw}}s) are pre-installed. See also {{gli|greenpoint}} and {{gli|redpoint}}.}}

{{defn|The climbing route between two {{gli|belay}} points with a "full pitch" being the length of the rope, circa {{convert|50|m|ft}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Profilhaken.jpg {{ghat|Also angle, beak, bong, knifeblade, lost arrow.}}

A flat or angled metal blade of steel for {{gli|protection}} that incorporates a clipping hole for a {{gli|carabiner}} or a ring in its body that is {{gli|rock hammer|hammered}} into cracks; comes in a wide range of designs and types for different crack types and widths; common in {{gli|aid climbing}}, {{gli|big wall climbing}}, and {{gli|alpine climbing}}. See also {{gli|rurp|RURP}}.}}

{{defn|A clip-on string fastened to a {{gli|piton}} when inserting or removing, so as to avoid loss.}}

{{defn|An aggressive step pattern for descending on hard or steep-angle snow.}}

{{defn|1=File:Poop Tube Waste System.webp

A PVC tube-shaped container for carrying out human feces during multi-day or {{gli|big wall climbing|big wall}} climbs.}}

{{defn|1=File:Lying on the portaledge.jpg

A lightweight foldaway tent platform used in {{gli|big wall climbing}} to create a rest point on a sheer rock face.}}

{{term|term=positive |content=positive {{anchor|positive hold}} }}

{{defn|A {{gli|hold}} or part of a hold with a surface facing upwards, or away from the direction it is pulled, facilitating use. A positive hold is the opposite of a {{gli|sloper}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Whittaker wheeze.}}

Forcefully exhaling to facilitate O₂/CO₂ exchange at altitude.}}

{{term|term=problem |content=problem {{anchor|bouldering problem|boulder problem}} }}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also bouldering problem or boulder problem.}}

Used in {{gli|bouldering}} to describe the sequence of moves to be overcome.}}

{{defn|1=File:Petzl Micro Traxion Self-Locking.jpg {{ghat|Also PCD.}}

A mechanical climbing device that allows the rope to move through it in only one direction, examples being the Petzl Micro Traxion or the Camp Lift; PCDs are used in many climbing tasks including gear hauling, belaying, top rope solo climbing and in simul-climbing.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-toprope-solo/ | title=Top-rope soloing: How Josh Wharton Climbs Multi-pitches Faster and With Less Energy | date=25 August 2022 | accessdate=5 March 2023 | first=Josh | last=Wharton}}{{cite web | website=GearJunkie | url=https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/rope-solo-rock-climbing-how-to | title=Rope Solo Rock Climbing: Understanding How It's Done | first=Christian | last=Black | date=3 February 2022 | accessdate=3 March 2023}} See also {{gli|Self-locking device}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also projecting.}}

An attempt over time to climb a new (worldwide or personal) {{gli|route}} or boulder {{gli|problem}} as a "project".}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also pro.}} {{ghat|Also gear.}} File:Climber with equipment.jpg

Equipment for arresting {{gli|lead climber}} falls, or to create {{gli|anchor|anchors}} for {{gli|abseil}}s or {{gli|belay}}s. Examples are {{gli|passive protection|passive}} ({{gli|bolt}}s, {{gli|copperhead}}s, {{gli|hexcentric}}s, {{gli|ice screw}}s, {{gli|nut}}s, {{gli|quickdraw}}s, and {{gli|skyhook}}s), and {{gli|active protection|active}} ({{gli|cam}}s, {{gli|friend}}s, {{gli|tricam}}s).}}

{{defn|A knot used for ascending a {{gli|fixed rope}}, named after Austrian Karl Prusik, who developed this knot in 1931.}}

{{defn|1=File:20030830중앙119구조단 산악계곡구조 훈련23.jpg {{ghat|Also climbing pulley.}}

The lightweight mechanical pully that has wide application in climbing including big wall climbing (especially gear hauling) and crevasse rescue and in tyrolean traverseing.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also pumped.}}

The accumulation of metabolic waste products in the forearm(s) so that holding a basic grip becomes impossible.}}

Q

File:Klettern Expressset.jpg

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also draw, and extender.}}

A piece of climbing {{gli|protection}} that is used to attach a running rope to an {{gli|anchor}} or a {{gli|bolt}}. See {{gli|permadraw}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also maillon and maillon rapide.}}

A screw-type oval-shaped stainless steel {{gli|carabiner}} which is smaller than the normal carabiner.}}

R

{{defn|1=File:Trad rack.jpg

File:Braking bar.jpg

File:Whaletail Descender Bare.jpg}}

{{defn|no=1|Name given to the collective set of {{gli|protection}} equipment carried by a {{gli|lead climber}} up a climb.}}

{{defn|no=2|A type of heavy-duty "all-weather" {{gli|descender}} known as an "abseil rack" or a "rappel rack", consisting of metal bars on a U-shaped chassis, which is frequently used in caving. An alternative heavier device is a "whaletail" (also "whale tail") which is a machined block often used by rescuers.{{cite book| title=Vertical | first=Al | last=Warild | chapter=Chapter 6: Descent| page=96 | url=https://www.cavediggers.com/files/vertical/6descent.pdf |access-date=2 July 2024 | date=1994 | edition=3rd | isbn=978-0958925372 | publisher=National Speleological Society}} }}

{{defn|See {{gli|abseil}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|grade}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also rebelay.}}

Secondary or intermediate fixed {{gli|anchor|anchor point(s)}} along the length of a {{gli|fixed rope}} (i.e. in addition to the main {{gli|anchor|anchor}} at the top of the fixed rope) that is used to avoid edges that could increase rope wear.{{cite web | website=VDiff Climbing | url=https://www.vdiffclimbing.com/big-wall-fixing-pitches/ | title=How To Climb a Big Wall – Fixing Pitches | date=2024 | accessdate=10 May 2024 | first=Neil |last=Chelton}}}}

{{defn|The replacement of older {{gli|bolt|bolts}} on an existing bolted {{gli|sport climbing}} route.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also redpointing.}}

{{gli|free climbing|Free climbing}} a route by {{gli|lead climbing|leading}} it after having failed it or practiced it beforehand (e.g. by {{gli|hangdog|hangdogging}}, {{gli|headpoint}}ing, or {{gli|top rope climbing|top roping}}). A route climbed on the first-ever attempt (and no practice), it is an {{gli|onsight}} or a {{gli|flash}}. See {{gli|first free ascent}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also RB.}}

A removable {{gli|protection}} {{gli|bolt}}, similar in concept to a sliding {{gli|nut}}, but shaped to fit into a drilled hole; popular in {{gli|aid climbing}}.}}

{{defn|An energy-saving mountaineering technique where the unweighted (uphill) leg is rested between each forward step, by "locking" the knee of the rear leg.}}

{{defn|The addition of {{gli|bolt|bolts}} to a route that has already been ascended using {{gli|traditional climbing}} {{gli|protection}}. The technique is controversial, with ethical debate on the issues of improving climber safety versus protecting the integrity of the original traditional climbing challenge.{{cite web | website=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/news/opinion-not-reto-bolting-is-irresponsible-a-doctor-sounds-off/ | title=Opinion: Not Retro-Bolting Is Irresponsible. A Doctor Sounds Off. | date=26 October 2022 | accessdate=1 March 2023 | first=Sam | last=Miller}}{{cite web | website=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/places/32-climbing-experiences-inform-bolting-decisions/ | title=Should We Really Retro-bolt That Dangerous Classic? | date=18 July 2023 | accessdate=12 September 2023 | first=Steve| last=Bordeau}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Mountain climbing equipment in Mirabad - Nishapur 01.JPG {{ghat|Also rigging board and bat plate.}}

A light metal plate with several holes that can be used as a multi-anchor device that several items can be attached to at a {{gli|belay station}}, notable versions include the Petzl PAW.}}

{{defn|Term to denote when a piece of {{gli|protection}} failed and "ripped-out" of the rock. See {{gli|zipper fall}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Aid Climbing Rivet Hanger.jpg {{ghat|Also plate hanger, wire hanger, or cinch hanger.}}

A piece of {{gli|aid climbing}} equipment used by the {{gli|lead climber}} to attach to {{gli|bolt runner}} rivets in the rock. See also {{gli|carrot bolt}}.}}

{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also wall hammer.}} A lightweight hammer with a short handle used for inserting {{gli|piton}}s, {{gli|bolt}}s, and {{gli|copperhead}}s in {{gli|aid climbing}} and {{gli|big wall climbing}}. See also {{gli|ice hammer}}.}}

{{defn|A rock-climbing technique where the body weight is transferred (or "rocked-over") to the raised up-hill leg to reach a higher hold.}}

{{defn|To clip into the first piece of {{gli|protection}} from the ground by swinging a loop of rope so that it is caught by a pre-placed {{gli|carabiner}}.{{cite web | magazine=Rock & Ice | date=30 October 2017 | accessdate=10 March 2023 | first=Magnus | last=Midtbø | url=https://www.rockandice.com/videos/skills/rodeo-clip-climbing-rope-skills/ | title=How to Rodeo Clip – Climbing Rope Skills | archive-date=11 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311010058/https://www.rockandice.com/videos/skills/rodeo-clip-climbing-rope-skills/ | url-status=dead }}}}

{{defn|1=File:Elizabeth Furnace - Furnass 12a - 8.jpg

An {{gli|overhang}} that is so steep, it becomes horizontal.

}}

{{defn|Specialist lightweight but hardwearing bag for carrying a {{gli|climbing rope}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|drag}}.}}

{{defn|Jumping a full rope-length from the top of a rock face with the rope attached to a fixed {{gli|anchor}} like a bungee cord.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|simul climbing}}.}}

{{defn|A move in which the crossing arm goes behind the other arm and is so far extended that the body is forced to twist until it ends up facing away from the rock. It was introduced by {{ill|Antoine Le Menestrel|fr}} to climb a route in Buoux called La rose et le vampire {{climbing grade|8b}} in 1985.{{cite web | magazine=Gripped Magazine | accessdate=10 March 2023 | url=https://gripped.com/profiles/watch-anna-stohr-do-the-rose-move-on-the-famous-rose-route/ | title=Watch Anna Stohr do the Rose Move on the Famous Rose Route | date=22 November 2018}}}}

{{defn|See {{gli|climbing route}}.}}

{{defn|A small {{gli|protection}} {{gli|nut}} on a wire for tiny cracks with marginal holding power; named after Roland Pauligk.}}

{{defn|no=1|In the US, a {{gli|sling}} is made from nylon-blend materials, used by climbers for a multitude of purposes.}}

{{defn|no=2|In the UK, any item of {{gli|protection}} placed by the {{gli|lead climber}} to reduce the length of a fall.}}

{{defn|1=File:Fotothek df ps 0002300 Sport ^ Klettersport.jpg

In a term in {{gli|lead climbing}} for the distance between points of good {{gli|protection}}; in the grading of climbs, routes with long runouts have higher adjectival "{{gli|E-grade|E}}" grade (British system), or an {{gli|r/x|R/X }}or even {{gli|X}} suffix ({{gli|yosemite decimal system|American system}}). See {{gli|ground fall}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:RURP by Tom Frost.jpg

A miniature, postage stamp-sized chrome-moly square {{gli|piton}}, tied to a wire or rope and {{gli|rock hammer|hammered}} into cracks; created by Yvon Chouinard in 1960 for extreme {{gli|aid climbing}} routes in Yosemite; acronym for realized ultimate reality piton.{{cite web | magazine=Alpinist | url=http://www.alpinist.com/doc/ALP52/tool-users-realized-ultimate-reality-piton | title=Tool Users: Realized Ultimate Reality Piton | date=6 November 2015 | first=Anders | last=Ax | accessdate=10 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|A suffix used in the {{gli|yosemite decimal system}} for {{gli|traditional climbing}} routes that have poor possibilities for {{gli|protection}} where any fall could be serious (e.g. Master's Edge). See {{gli|X}}.}}

S

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also deep-water soloing grades.}}

Part of the {{gli|deep-water soloing}} system for {{gli|grade|grading}} the objective danger difficulty of DWS climbing routes, which goes: S0, S1, S2, and S3. See also {{gli|x|X}}.}}

{{defn|A high pass between two peaks, larger than a {{gli|col}}.}}

{{defn|A rock climb with a much lower official climbing {{gli|grade}} than probably deserved; sometimes due to a "trick-move" at the {{gli|crux}} that once learned, does make the route easier; or due to overly conservative grading.}}

{{defn|A type of climbing somewhere between hiking and graded rock climbing; involves climbing the easiest {{gli|grades}}.}}

{{defn|no=1|Shock absorbing sling designed to reduce peak loads in a climbing system. Very commonly used for winter / ice climbing. Made of a nylon {{gli|webbing}} structure consisting of one large loop sewn in multiple places to make a shorter length.}}

{{defn|no=2|A British term for a large {{gli|whipper}} fall.}}

{{defn|Small, loose rocks, at the base of a cliff or slope; distinguished from {{gli|talus}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also foot chip, chip, or micro.}}

A small climbing {{gli|hold}} screwed onto the wall on a {{gli|climbing wall}}.

}}

{{defn|1=File:Creeks Giving - Climbing in Indian Creek, Utah - 3.jpg

A climber who follows the {{gli|lead climber}}; often acts as the {{gli|belayer}}.}}

{{defn|Using the pick of an {{gli|ice axe}} to arrest a fall, or to control a {{gli|glissade}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also self-belaying.}}

The act of using a mechanical device for {{gli|belaying}} in {{gli|solo climbing}}. See {{gli|self-locking device}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also SLD.}} File:Wren Industries Silent Partner.jpg

A device used in {{gli|solo climbing}}, and particularly rope solo climbing, to automatically arrest falls. Examples include Wren's Silent Partner. See also {{gli|progress capture device}}. Compare {{gli|automatic belay}}.}}

{{defn|Actions taken by a climber(s) to execute their own rescue or recovery from a difficult or dangerous situation.}}

{{defn|To {{gli|free climbing|free climb}} a {{gli|route}}, via an {{gli|on-sight}}, {{gli|flash}}, or {{gli|redpoint}}.}}

{{defn|A large tower of ice on the surface of a glacier; falling seracs are a serious hazard to mountaineers.}}

{{defn|Acronym for building {{gli|anchor|anchors}}; stands for Strong, Equalised, Redundant, Efficient, No Extension. See also {{gli|ERNEST}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also scissor leg, Elvis legs, or disco knee.}}

The involuntary vibration of the leg due to fatigue and/or panic and stress.}}

{{defn|A rock climbing move to quickly switch hands on a {{gli|hold}} that can only fit one hand at a time.}}

{{defn|The end of the rope that is attached to the {{gli|lead climber}}, to denote the more serious activity they are undertaking compared to the {{gli|belayer}}.}}

{{defn|An advanced {{gli|big wall}} climbing technique where the {{gli|lead climber}} fixes the rope at an anchor to allow the {{gli|second}} to ascend using {{gli|jumar}}s, while the leader climber then continues to ascend in a rope solo climbing fashion; unlike {{gli|simul climbing}}, neither is {{gli|belay}}ing the other.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/short-fixing/ | title=Short-Fixing | date=4 April 2012 | accessdate=10 March 2023 | first=Russ | last=Facante}}{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/advanced-techniques-simul-climbing-and-short-fixing/ | title=Advanced Climbing Techniques: Simul-Climbing and Short-Fixing | date=23 December 2022 | accessdate=10 March 2023 | first=Miranda | last=Oakley}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Bouldering in Coopers Rock - 02.jpg

A vertical {{gli|hold}} that needs to be gripped with a sideways pull towards the body.

}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also running belay.}}

An advanced technique in which two climbers move simultaneously upward, with the {{gli|lead climbing|leader}} placing {{gli|protection}} that the {{gli|second}} removes as they advance. A {{gli|protection capture device (PCD)}} may also be used.}}

{{defn|The use of a single rope where one or both ends of the rope are attached to fixed {{gli|anchor}} points. See {{gli|fixed rope}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also sit down start or SDS}} File:Bouldering at Tom Riach - 06.jpg

{{gli|Bouldering}} term for a route that must be started from a seated position on the ground with hands and feet on prescribed holds; acronyms are SS (sit-start), SDS (sit-down-start), or assis (french); concept invented by John Yablonski.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/people/bouldering-sit-start-john-yablonski/ | first=Victor | last=Copeland | date=15 October 2022 | accessdate=13 August 2023 | title=The Weird Origins Of Bouldering's Sit Start}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Skyhook.jpg

A metal {{gli|hook}} inserted on a horizontal {{gli|hold}} for {{gli|protection}} in {{gli|traditional climbing}}, or in {{gli|aid climbing}}.}}

{{defn|A low-angle — significantly less than vertical — rock face that requires {{gli|slab climbing}} techniques.}}

{{defn|A type of climbing on {{gli|slab}}s that usually emphasizes balance, footwork, and {{gli|smearing}}.}}

{{defn|In {{gli|lead climbing}} and in {{gli|top rope climbing}}, it is the amount of additional rope that the {{gli|belayer}} has allowed; slack increases the distance of any fall before the {{gli|protection}} begins to hold the rope, but is needed to reduce {{gli|rope drag}} or {{gli|aid climbing|aid}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-lead-climb/ | title=A Beginner's Guide to Lead Climbing | first=Stephen | last=Potter | date=23 August 2022 | accessdate=18 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|A closed loop of {{gli|webbing}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:BW 2012-08-26 Rustam Gelmanov RUS 0749.JPG

A {{gli|hold}} where the surface slopes down toward the ground, with very little {{gli|positive}} surface or lip.}}

{{defn|To make use of friction on the sole of the {{gli|climbing shoe}} in the absence of good footholds.

}}

{{defn|A type of tubular {{gli|ice screw}} that is inserted by hammering with an {{gli|ice hammer}}.}}

{{defn|A temporary shelter constructed by digging out snow to form a cave.}}

{{defn|1=File:SnowFlukeA.JPG

An angled aluminum plate attached to a cable or rope that is buried into the snow to create a {{gli|deadman anchor}}.}}

{{defn|When the climber is alone (with no {{gli|second}}); if also without {{gli|protection}} is {{gli|free solo climbing}}. See rope solo climbing.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|competition climbing}} discipline where competitors race in pairs up a standardized {{gli|climbing wall}}.}}

{{defn|In {{gli|indoor climbing}}, a {{gli|hold}} that is not secure and spins in place when weight is applied.}}

{{defn|1=File:Crack climbing in Indian Creek, Utah.jpg

A crack with perfectly parallel sides, often in an otherwise blank face.}}

{{defn|A style of {{gli|lead climbing}} where the {{gli|protection}} is via pre-placed fixed {{gli|bolt}}s; opposite of {{gli|traditional climbing}}. Confusingly, {{gli|competition climbing}} (which includes bolted lead climbing, but also free solo bouldering and top-roped speed climbing) is sometimes called "sport climbing".}}

{{defn|People standing beneath a {{gli|lead climber}} or {{gli|bouldering}} climber ready to absorb the energy of a {{gli|ground fall}}.}}

{{defn|A type of hand position where the fingers and thumb are opposed in a tiny crack.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also SLCD}}

A type of active {{gli|protection}} device used in {{gli|crack climbing}}. See {{gli|cam}}.}}

{{defn|A non-elastic {{gli|climbing rope}} used for {{gli|abseiling}} or {{gli|jumar|jumaring}} (as a {{gli|fixed rope}}), but not {{gli|lead climbing}}. Compare {{gli|dynamic rope}}.}}

{{defn|A technique in {{gli|mixed climbing}} and {{gli|dry-tooling}} where the ice axe is inverted and the blade wedged into a crack above the climber's head, who then pulls down on the handle of the axe to gain upward momentum. See also {{gli|undercling pull}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/tech-tip-ice-stein-pulling/ | title=Ice Climbing Skills: The Stein Pull | date=2 February 2004 | accessdate=30 April 2023 | first=Sean | last=Issac }}}}

{{defn|1=File:Red River Gorge - Long Wall - Rock Wars 1a.jpg

Technique for climbing opposing corners by pushing in opposite directions with the feet and hands. See {{gli|chimneying}}.}}

{{defn|Scooping steps out of snow or ice with the adze of an {{gli|ice axe}}.}}

{{defn|Scooping and stamping steps out of soft snow with the feet.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|belay device}} consisting of a flat plate with a pair of slots, named after the inventor Fritz Sticht. See also {{gli|gigi|GiGi}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Use of stick clip.jpg

A long pole with a {{gli|quickdraw}} that can be clipped into the first {{gli|bolt}} of a route from the ground.}}

{{defn|no=1|A wedge-shaped {{gli|nut}} made by Black Diamond.}}

{{defn|no=2|A knot used to prevent the end of a rope from running through—and detaching from—a piece of {{gli|gear}}.}}

{{defn|Sure-footedness is the ability when hiking or mountain climbing, to negotiate difficult or rough terrain safely.Soanes, Catherine and Stevenson, Angus (ed.) (2005). Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd Ed., revised, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, p. 1775. {{ISBN|978-0-19-861057-1}}.}}

T

{{defn |Term to describe pieces of {{gli|webbing}} or {{gli|cord}} left on a climb (e.g. "I found some old tat") often as part of an irretrievable {{gli|anchor}} point that was part of an {{gli|abseiling|abseil station}}.{{cite web | website=British Mountaineering Council | url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/tech-skills-abseil-stations | title=Tech skills: abseil stations | first=Dan | last=Middleton | date=2 June 2008 | accessdate=21 March 2023}}}}

{{defn |1={{ghat|Also take-in.}}

The act of taking the {{gli|slack}} out of a rope; also a {{gli|climbing command}} by a {{gli|lead climber}} to the {{gli|belayer}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Brenay.jpg

An area of large rock fragments on a mountainside where the rocks are stable and not loose like {{gli|scree}}.}}{{Term|talon hook}}{{Defn|A type of three-pronged climbing hook used for securing the climber to a horizontal edge in the rock face. Each prong contains a curved hook of differing widths for securing onto respective edge sizes when aid climbing.}}

{{defn |1=File:USMC-110201-M-4150N-256.jpg

Adhesive tape that is wrapped around the fingers and hands to protect the skin; particularly useful in {{gli|crack climbing}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|grade}}.}}

{{defn|A route that is representative of the hardest climbs in an area at a particular {{gli|grade}} (e.g. Action Directe for {{gli|grade}} 9a).}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also tying in.}}

To physically attach the {{gli|harness}} to the climbing rope, usually via a {{gli|figure-eight knot}}. See {{gli|clip in}}.}}

{{defn|A {{gli|runner}} created by "threading" a {{gli|sling}} around a jammed block or through a hole in the rock.}}

{{term|term=toe hook |content= toe hook {{anchor|toehook}} }}

{{defn|1=File:015 zehnte stadtmeisterschaft im Klettern in Munich.JPG

Act of pressing the upper side of the toes under a {{gli|hold}} to pull the climber inwards; used on {{gli|overhang}}s.

}}

{{defn|The graphical representation – drawing or photograph – of a climbing route, with the main obstacles marked.}}

{{defn|1=File:Starr 071222-0266 Salsola tragus.jpg {{ghat|Also top roping}}

To {{gli|belay}} from a fixed {{gli|anchor}} point above the climb; if the climber falls, they just hang. See {{gli|hangdog}}ging.}}

{{defn|To complete a {{gli|route}} by ascending over the top of the climb to safety.}}

{{defn|A technique in {{gli|mixed climbing}} and {{gli|dry-tooling}} where the ice axe is wedged into a crack and twisted to generate torque to aid upward momentum. See also {{gli|undercling pull}} and {{gli|stein pull}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|feet follow}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing in Yosemite Valley - 01.jpg {{ghat|Also trad climbing or simply trad.}}

A style of {{gli|lead climbing}} where {{gli|protection}} is placed as the {{gli|lead climber}} ascends; opposite of {{gli|sport climbing}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also haul line.}} A {{gli|big wall climbing}} technique where the {{gli|lead climber}} carries an additional static rope (in addition to their dynamic climbing rope) that hangs (or "trails") behind them as they ascend; the trail rope enables the belayer to pass equipment to the leader during the ascent, and for the leader to haul up equipment as the belayer ascends.{{cite book | title=Big Wall Climbing: Elite Technique | date=2005 | publisher=Mountaineers Books | edition=1st | isbn=978-0898867480 | first=Jared| last=Ogden | chapter=Chapter1: Big Wall Climbing Procedures| pages=94–140}}}}

{{defn|1=File:Peter Stocker in Yosemite.jpg

1. A section of a {{gli|route}} that requires progress in a horizontal direction.}}

{{defn|no=2|A Tyrolean traverse is crossing a chasm using a {{gli|fixed rope}} anchored at both ends.}}

{{defn|no=3|A pendulum traverse is swinging across a wall suspended from a rope anchored above the climber.}}

{{defn|no=4|A tension traverse is a static version of a pendulum traverse where rope tension is used to control movement.}}

{{defn|1=File:Tricam 7 placed.jpg

A simple {{gli|camming}} {{gli|protection}} device that has no moving parts (e.g. it is {{gli|passive protection}}).}}

{{defn|1=File:Tuber mix.jpg

A type of {{gli|belay device}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Climbing at Kalymnos Island - 23.jpg

1. A limestone rib formation that protrudes from the wall which climbers can pinch-grip.

}}

{{defn|no=2|A plastic bolted-on {{gli|bouldering}} hold to replicate such a formation on an {{gli|climbing wall}}.}}

{{defn|In {{gli|lead climbing}}, using two ropes that are even thinner than {{gli|double ropes}}, both of which need to be {{gli|clip in|clipped in}} at each point of {{gli|protection}}; sometimes used in long {{gli|alpine climbing}} routes with major {{gli|abseiling}} descents.}}

{{defn|A climbing move where the hips "twist" perpendicular to the wall, the inside arm is "locked" on an upper hold, the outside arm holds the body against the wall, and the feet press down to propel the body higher.}}

U

{{defn|Acronym for the international governance body for mountaineering and other types of climbing; UIAA also regulates {{gli|competition ice climbing}}. See also {{gli|ifsc|IFSC}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also UIAA scale.}}

The {{gli|UIAA}} grade system for rock climbing, which goes: ... VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, .... , to XII; is less common than the {{gli|French grade}} system or the American {{gli|yosemite decimal system|YDS grade}} system, but still used in Germany and parts of Eastern Europe.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|Alpine-grade}}.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also undercut.}}

A downward {{gli|hold}} which is gripped with the palm of the hand facing upwards.}}

{{defn|After a {{gli|stein pull}} is completed, the undercling pull is a {{gli|mixed climbing}} technique for continuing to use the hold to gain upward momentum by using the hold to pull into the rock; requires a lot more energy than a stein pull.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|undercling}}.}}

V

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Hueco scale.}}

A {{gli|grade|grading system}} for {{gli|bouldering}} {{gli|problem|problems}} invented by John Sherman, which goes: V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, ... , to V17. The V-scale and the French {{gli|font}} scale are the most common boulder grading systems in use worldwide.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also Abalakov thread.}}

A type of {{gli|abseiling}} point used especially in winter and in {{gli|ice climbing}}.}}

{{defn|A thin coating of ice that forms over rocks when rainfall or melting snow freezes, which is hard to climb on as there is insufficient depth for {{gli|crampons}} to have penetration. See also {{gli|clear ice}} and {{gli|glaze ice}}.}}

{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also Klettersteig.}}

File:Climber on fixed rope route Piz Mitgel 2.jpg

An alpine {{gli|route}} where {{gli|protection}} is from permanent steel {{gli|fixed ropes}} or chains, with progression aided by artificial steel steps or ladders; commonly found in the Dolomites. See also {{gli|lanyard}} and {{gli|energy absorber}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Mascarenas megan 1854.JPG

A large, hollow, bolted-on {{gli|hold}}, for indoor {{gli|climbing wall}}s; it may itself contain individual holds}}

W

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also ice climbing grades.}}

Part of the {{gli|ice climbing}} system for {{gli|grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of ice climbing routes, which goes: WI1, WI2, WI3, WI4, WI5, WI6, and up to WI13. See also {{gli|M-grade}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Schlauchband.JPG

A hollow and flat nylon strip mainly used to make {{gli|sling|slings}}.

}}

{{defn|A piece of {{gli|webbing}} with eyes sewn into the ends which can be used in place of a {{gli|cordelette}}.}}

{{defn|Any time a rope sustains the weight of the climber, e.g. "weighting the rope". This can happen during a minor fall, a {{gli|whipper}} (long fall), or simply by resting while hanging on the {{gli|belay}} rope. See also {{gli|hangdog|hangdogging}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Rock Climbing in Iran.jpg

A large fall by a {{gli|lead climber}} as they were well beyond the last piece of {{gli|protection}}. See {{gli|screamer}}.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/videos/the-sick-6-weekend-whippers-with-big-scary-falls-hey-no-one-said-the-weekend-was-over/ | title=Enjoy These Sick 6 Weekend Whippers On a Monday, Just Because | date=2019 | accessdate=24 December 2022}}}}

{{defn|{{gli|clean|Cleaning}} a rock climbing route with a wire brush before an attempt; has ethical issues due to rock damage and possible {{gli|chipping}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|dialled}}.}}

{{defn|See {{gli|nut|nuts}}.}}

X

{{defn|A suffix used in the {{gli|Yosemite decimal system}} for highlighting {{gli|traditional climbing}} routes that have poor or even no possibilities for {{gli|protection}}, where any fall could be fatal (e.g. Indian Face and Gaia). See {{gli|r/x|R/X}} and {{gli|chop route}}.}}

Y

{{defn|French term for a {{gli|figure-four}} move which came from American climber Tony Yaniro's use of it on Chouca {{climbing grade|8a+}}.{{cite web | website=PlanetMountain | title=Eline & Marc Le Menestrel: Chouca and Buoux, yesterday, today and tomorrow | date=31 March 2020 | accessdate=1 May 2023 | url=https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/interviews/eline-marc-le-menestrel-chouca-buoux-yesterday-today-tomorrow.html}}}}

{{defn|A {{gli|free climbing}} term pre-{{gli|redpoint}}ing, where a falling {{gli|lead climber}} returns to the ground to restart, but leaves their rope clipped into the {{gli|protection}} — in redpointing, the rope is pulled free from all protection before re-starting the climb.

}}

{{defn|American system for {{gli|grade|grading}} walks, hikes, and climbs; the rock climbing (5.x) goes: 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, 5.10d, 5.11a, .... , 5.14a, 5.14b, 5.14c, 5.14d, 5.15a, etc., and with the {{gli|French grade}} system, is the most widely used grading system worldwide for {{gli|sport climbing}}.}}

Z

{{defn|While {{gli|lead climbing}}, {{gli|clipping in|clipping into}} {{gli|protection}} with a segment of rope from beneath the previous piece of protection, resulting in {{gli|rope drag}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Z-pulley.jpg

A system of rope, anchors, and {{gli|pulley}}s; is typically used to extricate a climber after falling into a {{gli|crevasse}}.}}

{{defn|1=File:Zawn at Trwynbychan - geograph.org.uk - 4181311.jpg

In Britain, a deep, narrow inlet in a sea cliff that is filled by the sea at high tide.}}

{{defn|1={{ghat|Also gear rip-out.}}

A {{gli|traditional climbing}} {{gli|ground fall}} where all the {{gli|protection}} gear fails in sequence (i.e. opens like a "zip").{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/videos/weekend-whipper-gear-ripping-trad-climbing-fall/#_pay-wall | title=Weekend Whipper: First-time Traditional Climbing Leader Rips-Out 3 (out of 4) Pieces | date=2 April 2022 | accessdate=1 March 2023}}}}

{{defn|1=File:2022-08-12 European Championships 2022 – Sport Climbing Women's Boulder by Sandro Halank–075.jpg

In competition bouldering, a hold roughly halfway up that counts towards scoring; formerly (up to 2017) "bonus hold".}}

References

External links

[https://www.climbing.com/news/rock-climbing-terms-definitions/ What’s A Redpoint And What Do Other Climbing Terms Mean? Our Climbing Dictionary Has The Answers], Climbing (May 2022)
[https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/a_glossary_of_climbing_terms_from_abseil_to_zawn-33 UK Climbing (UK) Glossary of Terms from Abseil to Zawn], UK Climbing Magazine (May 2006)
[https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/rock-climbing-glossary.html Rock Climbing Glossary], REI Co-Op (April 2023)
[https://www.thecrag.com/en/article/glossary Glossary of climbing terms], theCrag (2023)

Climbing terms

Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists

Category:Climbing and mountaineering-related lists