Google Tensor#G3

{{About-distinguish|the system-on-chip|Tensor Processing Unit|TensorFlow|Tenor (website)}}

{{Infobox CPU

| hide_subheadings = yes

| image = Google Tensor GS101.svg

| image_size = 150px

| alt = Illustration of a blue system-on-chip adorned with the Google favicon

| caption = Illustration of the first-generation Tensor chip

| produced-start = {{start date and age|2021|10|05}}

| produced-end =

| designfirm = Google

| manuf1 = Samsung

| application = Pixel

| gpu = Mali

| co-processor = Titan

| successor =

}}

Google Tensor is a series of ARM64-based system-on-chip (SoC) processors designed by Google for its Pixel devices. It was originally conceptualized in 2016, following the introduction of the first Pixel smartphone, though actual developmental work did not enter full swing until 2020. The first-generation Tensor chip debuted on the Pixel 6 smartphone series in 2021, and was succeeded by the Tensor G2 chip in 2022, G3 in 2023 and G4 in 2024. Tensor has been generally well received by critics.

Development

= Background =

Development on a Google-designed system-on-chip (SoC) first began in April 2016, after the introduction of the company's first Pixel smartphone, although Google CEO Sundar Pichai and hardware chief Rick Osterloh agreed it would likely take an extended period of time before the product was ready. The next year, the company's hardware division assembled a team of 76 semiconductor researchers specializing in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), which has since increased in size, to work on the chip. Beginning in 2017, Google began to include custom-designed co-processors in its Pixel smartphones, namely the Pixel Visual Core on the Pixel 2 and Pixel 3 series and the Pixel Neural Core on the Pixel 4 series.

By April 2020, the company had made "significant progress" toward a custom ARM-based processor for its Pixel and Chromebook devices, codenamed "Whitechapel". At Google parent company Alphabet Inc.'s quarterly earnings investor call that October, Pichai expressed excitement at the company's "deeper investments" in hardware, which some interpreted as an allusion to Whitechapel. The Neural Core was not included on the Pixel 5, which was released in 2020; Google explained that the phone's Snapdragon 765G SoC already achieved the camera performance the company had been aiming for. In April 2021, 9to5Google reported that Whitechapel would power Google's next Pixel smartphones. Google was also in talks to acquire Nuvia prior to its acquisition by Qualcomm in 2021.

Google officially unveiled the chip, named Tensor, in August, as part of a preview of its Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro smartphones. Previous Pixel smartphones had used Qualcomm Snapdragon chips, with 2021's Pixel 5a being the final Pixel phone to do so. Pichai later obliquely noted that the development of Tensor and the Pixel 6 resulted in more off-the-shelf solutions for Pixel phones released in 2020 and early 2021. In September 2022, The Verge reported that a Tensor-powered successor to the Pixelbook laptop with a planned 2023 release had been canceled due to cost-cutting measures.

= Design =

"Tensor" is a reference to Google's TensorFlow and Tensor Processing Unit technologies, and the chip is developed by the Google Silicon team housed within the company's hardware division, led by vice president and general manager Phil Carmack alongside senior director Monika Gupta, in conjunction with the Google Research division.

Tensor's microarchitecture consists of two large cores, two medium cores, and four small cores; this arrangement is unusual for octa-core SoCs, which typically only have one large core. Carmack explained that this was so Tensor could remain efficient at intense workloads by running both large cores simultaneously at a low frequency to manage the various co-processors. Osterloh has stated that Tensor's performance is difficult to quantify using synthetic benchmarks, but should instead be characterized by the many ML capabilities it enables, such as advanced speech recognition, real-time language translation, the ability to unblur photographs, and HDR-like frame-by-frame processing for videos.

Models

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" \| ! style="width:15em;" \| Original ! style="width:15em;" \| G2 ! style="width:15em;" \| G3 ! style="width:15em;" \| G4
rowspan="5" style="width:7em;" \| SoC ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Launch date \| {{start date\|2021\|10\|19}} \| {{start date\|2022\|10\|06}} \| {{start date\|2023\|10\|04}} \| {{start date\|2024\|08\|22}}{{cite web \| url=https://www.gsmarena.com/google_unveils_compact_pixel_9_pro_and_big_pixel_9_pro_xl_-news-64103.php \| title=Google introduces compact Pixel 9 Pro and Pixel 9 Pro XL }}
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Model number \| GS101 (S5P9845) \| GS201 (S5P9855) \| GS301 (S5P9865)[https://www.techinsights.com/ko/node/53747 TechInsights Report] \| GS401 (S5P9875){{cite web \|website=PhoneDB \|url=https://phonedb.net/index.php?m=processor&id=993&c=samsung_google_tensor_g4_gs401_s5p9875__zuma_pro \|title=Samsung Google Tensor G4 GS401 S5P9875 Zuma Pro}}
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Codename \| Whitechapel \| Cloudripper \| Zuma[https://android.googlesource.com/device/google/zuma/+/refs/tags/android-14.0.0_r11 Zuma - Android Open Source Project] \| Zuma Pro \|[https://www.androidauthority.com/exclusive-tensor-g4-small-upgrade-3466398/ Google Pixel 9’s Tensor G4 is the smallest upgrade to the series so far]
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Fabrication \| 5 nm LPE \| 5 nm \| 4 nm \| 4 nm{{cite web \| url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-tensor-g4-explained-3466184/ \| title=Google Tensor G4 explained: Everything you need to know about the Pixel 9 processor \| date=August 22, 2024 }}
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Manufacturer \| colspan="4" \| Samsung
rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" \| CPU ! scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| ISA \| colspan="2" \| ARMv8.2-A \| ARMv9 \| ARMv9.2-A
scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| Bit width \| colspan="4" \| 64-bit
scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| μarch \| Octa-core: 2× 2.8 GHz Cortex-X1 2× 2.25 GHz Cortex-A76 4× 1.8 GHz Cortex-A55 \| Octa-core: 2× 2.85 GHz Cortex-X1 2× 2.35 GHz Cortex-A78 4× 1.8 GHz Cortex-A55 \| Nona-core: 1× 2.91 GHz Cortex-X3 4× 2.37 GHz Cortex-A715 4× 1.7 GHz Cortex-A510 \| Octa-core: 1× 3.1 GHz Cortex-X4 3× 2.6 GHz Cortex-A720 4× 1.92 GHz Cortex-A520
scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| Security \| colspan="4" \| TrustZone (Trusty OS)
rowspan="3" style="width:7em;" \| GPU ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| μarch \| Mali-G78 MP20 \| Mali-G710 MP7 \| colspan="2" \| Mali-G715 MP7{{Cite X post \|number=1799097967884083393 \|user=Kurnalsalts \|title=Tensor Gen3 Dieshot \|date=8 June 2024}}
scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| Frequency \| 848 MHz \| 848{{nbs}}MHz \| 890 MHz \| 940 MHz
scope=row" style="width:10em;" \| Performance (FP32) \| 1085.4 GFLOPs{{cite web \| url=https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102849/latest/ \| title=Documentation – Arm Developer }} \| 759.8 GFLOPs \| 1594.8 GFLOPs \| 1684.4 GFLOPs
rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" \| RAM ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Type \| colspan="2" \| LPDDR5 \| colspan="2" \| LPDDR5X
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Bus width \| colspan="4" \| 4× 16-bit (quad-channel){{Cite X post \|number=1792171201076551747 \|user=Kurnalsalts \|title=Google Tensor G1 with Tensor G2 Dieshot \|date=19 May 2024}}
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Speed \| colspan="2" \| 3200 MHz \| colspan="2" \| 4266 MHz{{cite web \| url=https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Google+Pixel+9+Pro+XL+Chip+ID/176196 \| title=Google Pixel 9 Pro XL Chip ID \| date=August 29, 2024 }}
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Bandwidth \| colspan="2" \| 51.2 GB/s \| colspan="2" \| 68.2 GB/s
style="width:7em;" \| Storage ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Type \| colspan="4" \| UFS 3.1{{Cite web \|last=Triggs \|first=Robert \|title=The entire Google Pixel 9 series has UFS 3.1 storage, but does it even matter? \|url=https://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-9-ufs-storage-3473676/ \|website=androidauthority\|date=August 22, 2024 }}
style="width:7em;" \| ISP ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| NPU \| 1st Gen Edge TPU (Abrolhos) @ 1066 MHz \| 2nd Gen Edge TPU (Janeiro) @ 1066 MHz \| colspan="2" \| 3rd Gen Edge TPU (Rio) @ 1119 MHz
rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" \| Wireless ! scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Modem \| Exynos 5123b (external) \| Exynos 5300g{{Cite web \|last=Schoon \|first=Ben \|title=Google Tensor G2: How has the signal strength and speed improved on Pixel 7? \|url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/google-pixel-7-tensor-g2-signal-modem/ \|website=9to5Google}} \| Exynos 5300i \| Exynos 5400c (external)
rowspan="2" style="width:10em;" \| Wi-Fi \| colspan="2" \| Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E \| colspan="2" \| Wi-Fi 7
colspan="2" \| Bluetooth 5.2 \| colspan="2" \| Bluetooth 5.3
scope="row" style="width:10em;" \| Navigation \| colspan="4" \| Dual-band GNSS

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! colspan="2" |

! style="width:15em;" | Original

! style="width:15em;" | G2

! style="width:15em;" | G3

! style="width:15em;" | G4

rowspan="5" style="width:7em;" | SoC

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Launch date

| {{start date|2021|10|19}}

| {{start date|2022|10|06}}

| {{start date|2023|10|04}}

| {{start date|2024|08|22}}{{cite web | url=https://www.gsmarena.com/google_unveils_compact_pixel_9_pro_and_big_pixel_9_pro_xl_-news-64103.php | title=Google introduces compact Pixel 9 Pro and Pixel 9 Pro XL }}

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Model number

| GS101 (S5P9845)

| GS201 (S5P9855)

| GS301 (S5P9865)[https://www.techinsights.com/ko/node/53747 TechInsights Report]

| GS401 (S5P9875){{cite web |website=PhoneDB |url=https://phonedb.net/index.php?m=processor&id=993&c=samsung_google_tensor_g4_gs401_s5p9875__zuma_pro |title=Samsung Google Tensor G4 GS401 S5P9875 Zuma Pro}}

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Codename

| Whitechapel

| Cloudripper

| Zuma[https://android.googlesource.com/device/google/zuma/+/refs/tags/android-14.0.0_r11 Zuma - Android Open Source Project]

| Zuma Pro |[https://www.androidauthority.com/exclusive-tensor-g4-small-upgrade-3466398/ Google Pixel 9’s Tensor G4 is the smallest upgrade to the series so far]

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Fabrication

| 5 nm LPE

| 5 nm

| 4 nm

| 4 nm{{cite web | url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-tensor-g4-explained-3466184/ | title=Google Tensor G4 explained: Everything you need to know about the Pixel 9 processor | date=August 22, 2024 }}

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Manufacturer

| colspan="4" | Samsung

rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" | CPU

! scope=row" style="width:10em;" | ISA

| colspan="2" | ARMv8.2-A

| ARMv9

| ARMv9.2-A

scope=row" style="width:10em;" | Bit width

| colspan="4" | 64-bit

scope=row" style="width:10em;" | μarch

| Octa-core:
2× 2.8 GHz Cortex-X1
2× 2.25 GHz Cortex-A76
4× 1.8 GHz Cortex-A55

| Octa-core:
2× 2.85 GHz Cortex-X1
2× 2.35 GHz Cortex-A78
4× 1.8 GHz Cortex-A55

| Nona-core:
1× 2.91 GHz Cortex-X3
4× 2.37 GHz Cortex-A715
4× 1.7 GHz Cortex-A510

| Octa-core:
1× 3.1 GHz Cortex-X4
3× 2.6 GHz Cortex-A720
4× 1.92 GHz Cortex-A520

scope=row" style="width:10em;" | Security

| colspan="4" | TrustZone (Trusty OS)

rowspan="3" style="width:7em;" | GPU

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | μarch

| Mali-G78 MP20

| Mali-G710 MP7

| colspan="2" | Mali-G715 MP7{{Cite X post |number=1799097967884083393 |user=Kurnalsalts |title=Tensor Gen3 Dieshot |date=8 June 2024}}

scope=row" style="width:10em;" | Frequency

| 848 MHz

| 848{{nbs}}MHz

| 890 MHz

| 940 MHz

scope=row" style="width:10em;" | Performance (FP32)

| 1085.4 GFLOPs{{cite web | url=https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102849/latest/ | title=Documentation – Arm Developer }}

| 759.8 GFLOPs

| 1594.8 GFLOPs

| 1684.4 GFLOPs

rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" | RAM

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Type

| colspan="2" | LPDDR5

| colspan="2" | LPDDR5X

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Bus width

| colspan="4" | 4× 16-bit (quad-channel){{Cite X post |number=1792171201076551747 |user=Kurnalsalts |title=Google Tensor G1 with Tensor G2 Dieshot |date=19 May 2024}}

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Speed

| colspan="2" | 3200 MHz

| colspan="2" | 4266 MHz{{cite web | url=https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/Google+Pixel+9+Pro+XL+Chip+ID/176196 | title=Google Pixel 9 Pro XL Chip ID | date=August 29, 2024 }}

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Bandwidth

| colspan="2" | 51.2 GB/s

| colspan="2" | 68.2 GB/s

style="width:7em;" | Storage

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Type

| colspan="4" | UFS 3.1{{Cite web |last=Triggs |first=Robert |title=The entire Google Pixel 9 series has UFS 3.1 storage, but does it even matter? |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/pixel-9-ufs-storage-3473676/ |website=androidauthority|date=August 22, 2024 }}

style="width:7em;" | ISP

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | NPU

| 1st Gen Edge TPU
(Abrolhos) @ 1066 MHz

| 2nd Gen Edge TPU
(Janeiro) @ 1066 MHz

| colspan="2" | 3rd Gen Edge TPU
(Rio) @ 1119 MHz

rowspan="4" style="width:7em;" | Wireless

! scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Modem

| Exynos 5123b
(external)

| Exynos 5300g{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |title=Google Tensor G2: How has the signal strength and speed improved on Pixel 7? |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/12/09/google-pixel-7-tensor-g2-signal-modem/ |website=9to5Google}}

| Exynos 5300i

| Exynos 5400c
(external)

rowspan="2" style="width:10em;" | Wi-Fi

| colspan="2" | Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E

| colspan="2" | Wi-Fi 7

colspan="2" | Bluetooth 5.2

| colspan="2" | Bluetooth 5.3

scope="row" style="width:10em;" | Navigation

| colspan="4" | Dual-band GNSS

= Original =

The first-generation Tensor chip debuted on the Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro, which were officially announced in October 2021 at the Pixel Fall Launch event. It was later reused for the Pixel 6a, a mid-range variant of the Pixel 6 series which was announced in July 2022. Despite being marketed as developed by Google, close-up examinations revealed that the chip contains numerous similarities with Samsung's Exynos series.

= G2 =

A second-generation Tensor chip was in development by October 2021, codenamed "Cloudripper". At the annual Google I/O keynote in July 2022, Google announced that the chip would debut on the Pixel 7 and Pixel 7 Pro smartphones, which were officially announced on October 6 at the annual Made by Google event. The chip is marketed as "Google Tensor G2". The chip was also used to power the Pixel 7a, Pixel Fold foldable smartphone, and Pixel Tablet which was unveiled in May 2023 during the annual I/O keynote.

= G3 =

Samsung had begun testing Tensor G3 by August 2022, codenamed "Zuma". Announced in October 2023, the chip was used to power the Pixel 8a, Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro.

= G4 =

Codename: "Zuma Pro". Devices: Pixel 9, Pixel 9a, Pixel 9 Pro, Pixel 9 Pro XL and Pixel 9 Pro Fold.

= Future =

The Information reported in July 2023 that Google had initiated development on Tensor G5, codenamed "Laguna", which was to be designed fully in-house, manufactured by TSMC instead of Samsung, and built on TSMC's 3 nm process.

Reception

At launch, Tensor was well received. Philip Michaels of Tom's Guide praised the Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro's Tensor-powered features and video enhancements, as did Marques Brownlee and Wired{{'s}} Julian Chokkattu. Chokkattu's colleague Lily Hay Newman also highlighted the chip's security capabilities, declaring them Tensor's strongest selling point. Jacon Krol of CNN Underscored wrote that Tensor delivered "some of the most fluid and fastest performance" on a smartphone, though Android Authority{{'s}} Jimmy Westenberg was ambivalent. Ryne Hager of Android Police thought the chip's performance was acceptable to the everyday user, but was disappointed that Google did not offer more years of Android updates given it was no longer bound by Qualcomm's contractual terms. TechRadar reviewer James Peckham commended Tensor as a "standout feature", though his colleague David Lumb described the chip's performance as "strong but not class-leading".

References

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{{Cite web |last=Wilde |first=Damien |date=October 11, 2022 |title=Tensor G2 confirmed as 5nm processor, not 4nm as expected |url=https://9to5google.com/2022/10/11/tensor-g2-5nm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011100929/https://9to5google.com/2022/10/11/tensor-g2-5nm/ |archive-date=October 11, 2022 |access-date=October 13, 2022 |website=9to5Google}}

{{Cite web |last=Hardawar |first=Devindra |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Google's Tensor G3 chip is focused on speeding up AI for the Pixel 8 phones |url=https://www.engadget.com/google-tensor-g3-soc-pixel-8-pro-143052356.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004155443/https://www.engadget.com/google-tensor-g3-soc-pixel-8-pro-143052356.html |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Engadget}}

{{Cite web |last1=Vonau |first1=Manuel |last2=Hager |first2=Ryne |date=October 18, 2022 |title=Google Tensor G2: All the details on the Pixel 7's custom chipset |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/google-tensor-g2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018111418/https://www.androidpolice.com/google-tensor-g2/ |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |access-date=December 14, 2022 |website=Android Police}}

{{Cite web |last=Sarwar |first=Nadeem |date=September 6, 2022 |title=The Pixel 6a should be an amazing $450 gaming phone, but it isn't |url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/google-pixel-6a-gaming-test-heating-throttling-issues/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906110412/https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/google-pixel-6a-gaming-test-heating-throttling-issues/ |archive-date=September 6, 2022 |access-date=October 3, 2022 |website=Digital Trends}}

{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Chris |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Google Pixel 7 review: Sleek but samey sequel |url=https://www.techadvisor.com/article/1351748/google-pixel-7-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012170021/https://www.techadvisor.com/article/1351748/google-pixel-7-review.html |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |access-date=January 5, 2024 |website=Tech Advisor}}

{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Hands-on: Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro are Google's most promising phones yet, but it all depends on Tensor G3 |url=https://9to5google.com/2023/10/04/google-pixel-8-hands-on/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005104840/https://9to5google.com/2023/10/04/google-pixel-8-hands-on/ |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |access-date=October 6, 2023 |website=9to5Google}}

{{Cite web |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Google introduces phone-shaped housing for its AI tech |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/04/google_pixel_ai/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006001707/https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/04/google_pixel_ai/ |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=The Register}}

{{Cite web |first=Thomas |last=Claburn |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Google reveals Pixel 7 phones with 1.7 Stadias of security fixes promised |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/06/made_by_google_pixel_phones/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006211212/https://www.theregister.com/2022/10/06/made_by_google_pixel_phones/ |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |website=The Register}}

{{Cite web |last1=Vonau |first1=Manuel |last2=Winkelman |first2=Steven |date=October 24, 2023 |title=Google Tensor G3: The complete guide to the Pixel 8's custom chip |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/google-tensor-g3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029111503/https://www.androidpolice.com/google-tensor-g3/ |archive-date=October 29, 2023 |access-date=November 13, 2023 |website=Android Police}}

{{Cite web |last1=Kleidermacher |first1=Dave |last2=Seed |first2=Jesse |last3=Barbello |first3=Brandon |last4=Somogyi |first4=Stephan |date=October 27, 2021 |title=Pixel 6: Setting a new standard for mobile security |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028163511/https://security.googleblog.com/2021/10/pixel-6-setting-new-standard-for-mobile.html |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |access-date=October 28, 2021 |publisher=Google Online Security Blog}}

{{Cite web |last=Conway |first=Adam |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Google Tensor G2 on the Pixel 7 series picks up where the original Tensor left off |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/google-tensor-g2-changes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006172603/https://www.xda-developers.com/google-tensor-g2-changes/ |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |access-date=October 7, 2022 |website=XDA Developers}}

{{Cite web |title=Pixel 8 Technical Specs |url=https://store.google.com/product/pixel_8_specs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004180425/https://store.google.com/product/pixel_8_specs?hl=en-US |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |access-date=October 4, 2023 |publisher=Google Store}}

{{Cite web |title=Pixel 8 Pro Technical Specs |url=https://store.google.com/product/pixel_8_pro_specs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004180347/https://store.google.com/product/pixel_8_pro_specs?hl=en-US |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |access-date=October 4, 2023 |publisher=Google Store}}

{{Cite web |last=Spadafora |first=Anthony |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Pixel 8 and Pixel 8 Pro just got a huge upgrade that beats iPhone 15 Pro |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/opinion/pixel-8-and-pixel-8-pro-just-got-a-huge-upgrade-that-beats-iphone-15-pro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005233804/https://www.tomsguide.com/opinion/pixel-8-and-pixel-8-pro-just-got-a-huge-upgrade-that-beats-iphone-15-pro |archive-date=October 5, 2023 |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Tom's Guide}}

{{Cite magazine |last=Akhtar |first=Iyaz |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Google Pixel 8 vs. Pixel 8 Pro: What's the Difference? |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/google-pixel-8-vs-pixel-8-pro-whats-the-difference |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006003555/https://www.pcmag.com/news/google-pixel-8-vs-pixel-8-pro-whats-the-difference |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |access-date=October 6, 2023 |magazine=PCMag}}

{{cite web |title=Google Pixel 6 Pro vs. Samsung Galaxy S21: Which One Wins At 5G? |url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/google-pixel-6-pro-vs-samsung-galaxy-s21-which-one-wins-at-5g |website=PCMAG |date=November 16, 2021 |access-date=22 August 2024 |language=en}}

{{Cite web |title=Pixel 6 Tech Specs |url=https://store.google.com/product/pixel_6_specs |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019202148/https://store.google.com/product/pixel_6_specs?hl=en-US |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=October 19, 2021 |publisher=Google Store}}

{{Cite web |title=Pixel 6 Pro Tech Specs |url=https://store.google.com/product/pixel_6_pro_specs |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022045700/https://store.google.com/product/pixel_6_pro_specs?hl=en-US |archive-date=October 22, 2021 |access-date=October 19, 2021 |publisher=Google Store}}

{{Cite web |title=Google Pixel 7 Tech Specs |url=https://store.google.com/product/pixel_7_specs |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007190735/https://store.google.com/product/pixel_7_specs?hl=en-US |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |access-date=October 7, 2022 |publisher=Google Store}}

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{{cite web |last1=Ijaz |first1=Ezza |title=Pixel 9 Comes With A New Exynos 5400 Modem From Samsung, Here's Why It Is A Big Deal For The Entire Lineup |url=https://wccftech.com/pixel-9-exynos-new-modem/ |website=Wccftech |access-date=22 August 2024 |date=15 August 2024}}

{{Cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |last2=Lawler |first2=Richard |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Google just announced its Pixel 6 event on October 19th |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/5/22691850/google-pixel-6-event-2021-fall-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005164546/https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/5/22691850/google-pixel-6-event-2021-fall-announcement |archive-date=October 5, 2021 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |website=The Verge}}

{{Cite web |last=Rutherford |first=Sam |date=October 19, 2021 |title=The Pixel 6 Is the Google Flagship We've Been Waiting For |url=https://gizmodo.com/the-pixel-6-is-the-google-flagship-weve-been-waiting-fo-1847889979 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019170558/https://gizmodo.com/the-pixel-6-is-the-google-flagship-weve-been-waiting-fo-1847889979 |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=Gizmodo}}

{{Cite web |last=Amadeo |first=Ron |date=May 11, 2022 |title=The Pixel 6a is official, and it's set to dominate the mid-range market |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/05/the-pixel-6a-is-official-and-its-set-to-dominate-the-mid-range-market/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511190908/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/05/the-pixel-6a-is-official-and-its-set-to-dominate-the-mid-range-market/ |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |access-date=August 6, 2022 |website=Ars Technica}}

{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=November 3, 2021 |title=Google Tensor deep dive shows the Pixel 6 chip's Exynos roots, 'beastly' but hindered GPU, more |url=https://9to5google.com/2021/11/03/google-tensor-exynos-tests-deep-dive/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103165634/https://9to5google.com/2021/11/03/google-tensor-exynos-tests-deep-dive/ |archive-date=November 3, 2021 |access-date=November 9, 2021 |website=9to5Google}}

{{Cite web |last=Frumunsanu |first=Andrei |date=November 2, 2021 |title=Google's Tensor inside of Pixel 6, Pixel 6 Pro: A Look into Performance & Efficiency |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17032/tensor-soc-performance-efficiency/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102135233/https://www.anandtech.com/show/17032/tensor-soc-performance-efficiency/ |archive-date=November 2, 2021 |access-date=November 9, 2021 |website=AnandTech}}

{{cite web |last1=Wegner |first1=Stacy |last2=Yang |first2=Daniel |last3=Trandafir |first3=Radu |last4=Jani |first4=Aakash |title=Google Pixel 6 Pro Teardown |url=https://www.techinsights.com/blog/teardown/google-pixel-6-pro-teardown |website=TechInsights |access-date=25 June 2024 |ref=TechInsights |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319030921/https://www.techinsights.com/blog/teardown/google-pixel-6-pro-teardown |archive-date=19 March 2024 |url-status=live}}

{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Babu |date=October 29, 2021 |title=Google is reportedly already working on a new Tensor chip for the Pixel 6 successor |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/google-reportedly-already-working-new-tensor-chip-pixel-6-successor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175505/https://www.androidcentral.com/google-reportedly-already-working-new-tensor-chip-pixel-6-successor |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |access-date=October 30, 2021 |website=Android Central}}

{{Cite web |last=Bursztynsky |first=Jessica |date=May 11, 2022 |title=Google announces its first smartwatch, a new budget phone and more |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/11/google-pixel-watch-pixel-7-pixel-6a-announced.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512024712/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/11/google-pixel-watch-pixel-7-pixel-6a-announced.html |archive-date=May 12, 2022 |access-date=May 12, 2022 |publisher=CNBC}}

{{Cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Mitchell |last2=Roth |first2=Emma |date=September 6, 2022 |title=Google announces October 6th event to launch the Pixel Watch and Pixel 7 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/6/23339303/pixel-7-pro-pixel-watch-made-by-google-hardware-event-october-6th |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907004346/https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/6/23339303/pixel-7-pro-pixel-watch-made-by-google-hardware-event-october-6th |archive-date=September 7, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2022 |website=The Verge}}

{{Cite web |last=Elias |first=Jennifer |date=April 18, 2023 |title=Google to launch its first foldable phone, the 'Pixel Fold,' in June |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/18/google-pixel-fold-release-date.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418204735/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/18/google-pixel-fold-release-date.html |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |access-date=April 21, 2023 |publisher=CNBC}}

{{Cite web |last=Conway |first=Adam |date=October 13, 2022 |title=The Google Pixel 7 and Pixel 7 Pro are the first Android phones to only support 64-bit apps |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/google-pixel-7-64-bit-only-apps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013191159/https://www.xda-developers.com/google-pixel-7-64-bit-only-apps/ |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |access-date=October 15, 2022 |website=XDA Developers}}

{{Cite magazine |last=Chokkattu |first=Julian |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Google's Pixel 8 and Pixel Watch 2 Have Arrived. Here's What's New |url=https://www.wired.com/story/google-october-2023-hardware-event-pixel-8-pixel-8-pro-pixel-watch-2/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004171430/https://www.wired.com/story/google-october-2023-hardware-event-pixel-8-pixel-8-pro-pixel-watch-2/ |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |access-date=October 4, 2023 |magazine=Wired}}

{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jesse |date=July 7, 2023 |title=Google's first truly custom chip for Pixel devices won't arrive until 2025 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/6/23786156/google-pixel-custom-chip-manufacturing-tensor-2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706202556/https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/6/23786156/google-pixel-custom-chip-manufacturing-tensor-2025 |archive-date=July 6, 2023 |access-date=July 11, 2023 |website=The Verge}}

{{Cite web |last=Ma |first=Wayne |date=July 6, 2023 |title=Inside Google's Efforts to Develop Custom Chip for Pixel |url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/inside-googles-efforts-to-develop-custom-chip-for-pixel |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706130958/https://www.theinformation.com/articles/inside-googles-efforts-to-develop-custom-chip-for-pixel |archive-date=July 6, 2023 |access-date=July 11, 2023 |website=The Information}}

{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Jordan |date=October 19, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 Pro review: The best flagship phone value |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/google-pixel-6-pro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019173607/https://www.tomsguide.com/reviews/google-pixel-6-pro |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=Tom's Guide}}

{{cite AV media |last=Brownlee |first=Marques |author-link=Marques Brownlee |date=October 27, 2021 |title=Pixel 6/6 Pro Review: Almost Incredible! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hvjBi4PKWA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027223418/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hvjBi4PKWA |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |access-date=October 28, 2021 |via=YouTube}}

{{Cite magazine |last=Chokkattu |first=Julian |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Review: Google Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro |url=https://www.wired.com/review/google-pixel-6-and-pixel-6-pro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025161115/https://www.wired.com/review/google-pixel-6-and-pixel-6-pro/ |archive-date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=October 28, 2021 |magazine=Wired}}

{{Cite magazine |last=Newman |first=Lily Hay |date=October 27, 2022 |title=The Pixel 6 Tensor Chip's Best Upgrade Isn't Speed. It's Security |url=https://www.wired.com/story/google-pixel-6-tensor-chip-security/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027200730/https://www.wired.com/story/google-pixel-6-tensor-chip-security/ |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |access-date=August 9, 2022 |magazine=Wired}}

{{Cite web |last=Krol |first=Jacob |date=October 27, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro review: The best Android phones you can buy |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/27/cnn-underscored/google-pixel-6-pixel-6-pro-review/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171344/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/27/cnn-underscored/google-pixel-6-pixel-6-pro-review/index.html |archive-date=October 28, 2021 |access-date=October 28, 2021 |publisher=CNN Underscored}}

{{Cite web |last=Westenberg |first=Jimmy |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 review: Worth every penny |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/google-pixel-6-review-3042252/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019170518/https://www.androidauthority.com/google-pixel-6-review-3042252/ |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=Android Authority}}

{{Cite web |last=Hager |first=Ryne |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 Pro review: Fake it till you make it |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/google-pixel-6-pro-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025164324/https://www.androidpolice.com/google-pixel-6-pro-review/ |archive-date=October 25, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=Android Police}}

{{Cite web |last=Peckham |first=James |date=October 25, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 Pro review |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/google-pixel-6-pro-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026001557/https://www.techradar.com/reviews/google-pixel-6-pro-review |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=TechRadar}}

{{Cite web |last=Lumb |first=David |date=October 19, 2021 |title=Google Pixel 6 review |url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/google-pixel-6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019170738/https://www.techradar.com/reviews/google-pixel-6 |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2022 |website=TechRadar}}

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Category:ARM-based systems on chips

Category:Computer-related introductions in 2021

Category:Google hardware