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Governor-General of the Philippines#Under New Spain

{{short description|Title of government executive in colonial Philippines}}

{{cleanup|date=June 2013|reason=Governors-general numbering should be double-checked. Dates may be incorrect}}

{{Use Philippine English|date=February 2023}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}

{{Infobox official post

| post = Governor-General

| body = the Philippines

| insignia = {{Image array

| image1 = Lesser Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1700-1868 and 1834-1930) Pillars of Hercules Variant.svg

| image2 = Coat of arms of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg

| image4 = Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg

| image5 = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg

}}

| insigniasize =

| insigniacaption =

| image =

| imagesize =

| imagecaption =

| style =

| residence = Fort San Pedro (1565–1572)
Palacio del Gobernador (1572–1863)
Malacañang Palace (1863–1945)
Mansion House (1942–1945)

| appointer = {{flagicon image|Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg|size=23px}} Viceroy of New Spain
{{flagicon image|Estandarte real de España, Casa de Borbón (1761-1931).svg|size=23px}} Monarch of Spain
{{flagicon image|Royal standard of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg|size=23px}} Monarch of Great Britain
{{flagicon image|Flag of the President of the United States (1916–1945).svg|size=23px}} President of the United States
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Japanese Emperor.svg|size=23px}} Emperor of Japan

| appointer_qualified =

| precursor = Various,
the barangay system

| formation = April 27, 1565

| first = Miguel López de Legazpi
{{small|(under Spain)}}
Dawsonne Drake
{{small|(under Great Britain)}}
Wesley Merritt
{{small|(under the United States)}}
Masaharu Homma
{{small|(under Japan)}}

| last = Diego de los Ríos
{{small|(under Spain)}}
Dawsonne Drake
{{small|(under Great Britain)}}
Frank Murphy
{{small|(under the United States)}}
Tomoyuki Yamashita
{{small|(under Japan)}}

| abolished = October 6, 1945

| succession =

| salary =

| incumbent =

| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|es|Gobernador y Capitán General de Filipinas}}
{{lang|fil|Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas}}
{{lang|ja|フィリピン総督}}}}

}}

The governor-general of the Philippines ({{langx|tl|Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas}}; {{langx|es|Gobernador General de Filipinas}}; {{Langx|ja|フィリピン総督|translit=Firipin sōtoku}}) was the title of the government executive during the colonial period of the Philippines, first by the Spanish in Mexico City and later Madrid as "Captain General"– {{langx|es|Capitán General de Filipinas}}, {{langx|fil|Kapitan Heneral ng Pilipinas}}) from 1565–1898 and the United States (1898–1946), and briefly by Great Britain (1762–1764) and Japan (1942–1945). They were also the representative of the executive of the ruling power.

On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence from American control. The governor-general was replaced by an elected Filipino president of the Philippine Commonwealth, as the chief executive of the Philippines, taking over many of the duties of the governor-general. The former American governor-general then became known as the high commissioner to the Philippines.

From 1565 to 1898, the Philippines was under Spanish rule. From 1565 to 1821, the governor and captain-general was appointed by the viceroy of New Spain upon recommendation of the Spanish Cortes and governed on behalf of the monarch of Spain to govern the Captaincy General of the Philippines. When there was a vacancy (e.g. death, or during the transitional period between governors), the Real Audiencia in Manila appointed a temporary governor from among its members.

After Mexico won its independence in 1821, the country was no longer under the Viceroyalty of New Spain (present-day Mexico) and administrative affairs formerly handled by New Spain were transferred to Madrid and placed directly under the Spanish Crown.

Under New Spain (1565–1764)

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

! width="200px" |Viceroy of New Spain

! Monarch

rowspan="6" |1

| rowspan="6" |100px

| rowspan="6" |Miguel López de Legazpi
{{small|(1502–1572)}}

| rowspan="6" |April 27,
1565

| rowspan="6" |August 20,
1572

|Francisco Ceinos
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1564–1566)}}

| rowspan="20" |Philip II
{{small|(1554–1598)}}

Gastón de Peralta
3rd Marquess of Falces
{{small|(1566–1567)}}
Alonso Muñoz and
Luis Carrillo
{{small|(1567–1568)}}
Alonso Muñoz
{{small|(1568)}}
Francisco Ceinos
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1564–1566)}}
style="height:55px;"

| rowspan="4" |Martín Enríquez de Almanza
{{small|(1568–1580)}}

2

|100px

|Guido de Lavezaris
{{small|(1512–1581)}}

|August 20,
1572

|August 25,
1575

3

|100px

|Francisco de Sande
{{small|(1540–1602)}}

|August 25,
1575

|April
1580

style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |4

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa
{{small|(died 1583)}}

| rowspan="2" |April
1580

| rowspan="2" |March 10,
1583

rowspan="2" |Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza
5th Count of Coruña
{{small|(1580–1583)}}
style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |5

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Diego Ronquillo
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

| rowspan="2" |March 10,
1583

| rowspan="2" |May 16,
1584

rowspan="2" |Luis de Villanueva y Zapata
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1583–1584)}}
style="height:55px;"

| rowspan="4" |6

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Santiago de Vera
{{small|(died 1606)}}

| rowspan="4" |May 16,
1584

| rowspan="4" |May
1590

Pedro Moya de Contreras
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1584–1585)}}
Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga
1st Marquess of Villamanrique
{{small|(1585–1590)}}
style="height:55px;"

| rowspan="4" |Luis de Velasco
1st Marquess of Salinas
{{small|(1590–1595)}}

7

|100px

|Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas
{{small|(1519–1593)}}

|June 1,
1590

|October 25,
1593

8

|100px

|Pedro de Rojas
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

|October
1593

|December 3,
1593

style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="3" |9

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
{{small|(1567/1568–1603)}}

| rowspan="3" |December 3,
1593

| rowspan="3" |July 14,
1596

rowspan="4" |Gaspar de Zúñiga
5th Count of Monterrey
{{small|(1595–1603)}}
rowspan="14" |Philip III
{{small|(1598–1621)}}
10

|100px

|Francisco de Tello de Guzmán
{{small|(1532–1603)}}

|July 14,
1596

|May
1602

style="height:55px;"

| rowspan="2" |11

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Pedro Bravo de Acuña
{{small|(died 1606)}}

| rowspan="2" |May
1602

| rowspan="2" |June 24,
1606

rowspan="2" |Juan de Mendoza y Luna
3rd Marquess of Montesclaros
{{small|(1603–1607)}}
style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |12

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Cristóbal Téllez Almazán
{{small|Real Audiencia
(died 1612)}}

| rowspan="2" |June 24,
1606

| rowspan="2" |June 15,
1608

rowspan="3" |Luis de Velasco
1st Marquess of Salinas
{{small|(1607–1611)}}
13

|100px

|Rodrigo de Vivero
{{small|Acting Governor-General
(1564–1636)}}

|June 15,
1608

|April
1609

style="height:39px;"

| rowspan="4" |14

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Juan de Silva
{{small|(died 1616)}}

| rowspan="4" |April
1609

| rowspan="4" |April 19,
1616

García Guerra
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1611–1612)}}
Pedro Otárola
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1612)}}
style="height:39px;"

| rowspan="3" |Diego Fernández de Córdoba
1st Marquess of Guadalcázar
{{small|(1612–1621)}}

15

|100px

|Andrés de Alcaraz
{{small|Real Audiencia}}

|April 19,
1616

|July 3,
1618

style="height:34px;"

| rowspan="4" |16

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Alonso Fajardo de Tenza
{{small|(died 1624)}}

| rowspan="4" |July 3,
1618

| rowspan="4" |July
1624

style="height:34px;"

| rowspan="2" |Paz de Valecillo
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1621)}}

rowspan="23" |Philip IV
{{small|(1621–1665)}}
style="height:34px;"

| rowspan="2" |Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
1st Marquess of Gélves
{{small|(1621–1624)}}

style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |17

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Jeronimo de Silva
{{small|Real Audiencia}}

| rowspan="2" |July
1624

| rowspan="2" |June
1625

rowspan="6" |Rodrigo Pacheco
3rd Marquess of Cerralvo
{{small|(1624–1635)}}
18

|100px

|Fernándo de Silva
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}}

|June
1625

|June 29,
1626

19

|100px

|Juan Niño de Tabora
{{small|(died 1632)}}

|June 29,
1626

|July 22,
1632

20

|100px

|Lorenzo de Olaso
{{small|Real Audiencia}}

|July 22,
1632

|1633

21

|100px

|Juan Cerezo de Salamanca
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

|August 29,
1633

|June 25,
1635

style="height:25px;"

| rowspan="5" |22

| rowspan="5" |100px

| rowspan="5" |Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
{{small|(1587–1660)}}

| rowspan="5" |June 25,
1635

| rowspan="5" |August 11,
1644

Lope Díez de Armendáriz
1st Marquess of Cadreita
{{small|(1635–1640)}}
Diego López Pacheco
7th Duke of Escalona
{{small|(1640–1642)}}
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
{{small|Bishop of Puebla
(1642)}}
style="height:25px;"

| rowspan="2" |García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
2nd Count of Salvatierra
{{small|(1642–1648)}}

rowspan="4" |23

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Diego Fajardo Chacón

| rowspan="4" |August 11,
1644

| rowspan="4" |July 25,
1653

Marcos de Torres y Rueda
{{small|Bishop of Yucatan
(1648–1649)}}
Matías de Peralta
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1649–1650)}}
style="height:39px;"

| rowspan="2" |Luis Enríquez de Guzmán
9th Count of Alba de Liste
{{small|(1650–1653)}}

rowspan="3" |24

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Sabiniano Manrique de Lara
{{small|(1606–1679)}}

| rowspan="3" |July 25,
1653

| rowspan="3" |September 8,
1663

Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
8th Duke of Alburquerque
{{small|(1653–1660)}}
rowspan="2" |Juan Francisco Leiva y de la Cerda
5th Marquess of Adrada
{{small|(1660–1664)}}
style="height:52px;"

| rowspan="4" |25

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Diego de Salcedo

| rowspan="4" |September 8,
1663

| rowspan="4" |September 28,
1668

Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
{{small|Bishop of Puebla
(1664)}}
style="height:52px;"

| rowspan="4" |Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo
2nd Marquess of Mancera
{{small|(1664–1673)}}

style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="15" |Charles II
{{small|(1665–1700)}}

26

|100px

|Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz
{{small|Acting Governor-General
(died 1669)}}

|September 28,
1668

|September 24,
1669

style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |27

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Manuel de León

| rowspan="2" |September 24,
1669

| rowspan="2" |September 21,
1677

rowspan="4" |Payo Enríquez de Rivera
{{small|Bishop of Puebla and Archbishop of Mexico
(1673–1680)}}
28

|100px

|Francisco Coloma y Maceda
{{small|Real Audiencia
(1617–1677)}}

|April 11,
1677

|September 25,
1677

29

|100px

|Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla
{{small|Real Audiencia}}

|September 21,
1677

|September 28,
1678

style="height:79px;"

| rowspan="2" |30

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Juan de Vargas Hurtado

| rowspan="2" |September 28,
1678

| rowspan="2" |August 24,
1684

rowspan="2" |Tomás de la Cerda
3rd Marquess of la Laguna de Camero Viejo
{{small|(1680–1686)}}
style="height:32px;"

| rowspan="3" |31

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Gabriel de Curucealegui y Arriola

| rowspan="3" |August 24,
1684

| rowspan="3" |April
1689

Melchor Portocarrero
3rd Count of Monclova
{{small|(1686–1688)}}
style="height:32px;"

| rowspan="3" |Gaspar de la Cerda
8th Count of Galve
{{small|(1688–1696)}}

32

|100px

|Alonso de Abella Fuertes
{{small|Real Audiencia}}

|April
1689

|July
1690

style="height:39px;"

| rowspan="5" |33

| rowspan="5" |100px

| rowspan="5" |Fausto Cruzat y Góngora
{{small|(died 1702)}}

| rowspan="5" |July 25,
1690

| rowspan="5" |December 8,
1701

Juan Ortega y Montañés
{{small|Bishop of Durango, Bishop of Guatemala, Bishop of Michoacán and Archbishop of Mexico
(1696)}}
style="height:29px;"

| rowspan="2" |José Sarmiento de Valladares
1st Duke of Atrisco
{{small|(1696–1701)}}

rowspan="12" |Philip V
{{small|(1700–1724)}}
style="height:39px;"

| rowspan="2" |Juan Ortega y Montañés
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1701–1702)}}

rowspan="2" |34

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri

| rowspan="2" |December 8,
1701

| rowspan="2" |August 25,
1709

rowspan="2" |Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
1st Duke of Alburquerque
{{small|(1702–1710)}}
style="height:52px;"

| rowspan="2" |35

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Martín de Ursúa' y Arismendi
[1st Count of Lizárraga]
{{small|(1653–1715)}}

| rowspan="2" |August 25,
1709

| rowspan="2" |February 4,
1715

rowspan="2" |Fernando de Alencastre
1st Duke of Linares
{{small|(1710–1716)}}
style="height:52px;"

| rowspan="2" |36

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |José Torralba
{{small|Real Audiencia
(1653–1726)}}

| rowspan="2" |February 4,
1715

| rowspan="2" |August 9,
1717

rowspan="4" |Baltasar de Zúñiga
1st Duke of Arión
{{small|(1716–1722)}}
37

|100px

|Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda
{{small|(died 1719)}}

|August 9,
1717

|October 11,
1719

38

|100px

|Francisco de la Cuesta
{{small|Archbishop of Manila
Acting Governor-General
(1661–1724)}}

|October 11,
1719

|August 6,
1721

style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="4" |39

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Toribio de Cossío

| rowspan="4" |August 6,
1721

| rowspan="4" |August 14,
1729

style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="4" |Juan de Acuña
1st Marquess of Casa Fuerte
{{small|(1722–1734)}}

Louis I
{{small|(1724)}}
style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="8" |Philip V
{{small|(1724–1746)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |40

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Fernándo Valdés Tamón

| rowspan="2" |August 14,
1729

| rowspan="2" |July
1739

rowspan="2" |Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1734–1740)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="4" |41

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Gaspar de la Torre y Ayala
{{small|(died 1745)}}

| rowspan="4" |July
1739

| rowspan="4" |September 21,
1745

Pedro de Castro
1st Duke of la Conquista
{{small|(1740–1741)}}
Pedro Malo de Villavicencio
{{small|President of the Audiencia
(1741–1742)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |Pedro Cebrián
5th Count of Fuenclara
{{small|(1742–1746)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |42

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Juan de Arechederra
{{small|Bishop-elect of Nueva Segovia
Acting Governor-General
(1681–1751)}}

| rowspan="2" |September 21,
1745

| rowspan="2" |July 20,
1750

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="3" |Juan Francisco de Güemes y Horcasitas
1st Count of Revillagigedo
{{small|(1746–1755)}}

| rowspan="5" |Ferdinand VI
{{small|(1746–1759)}}

43

|100px

|Francisco José de Ovando
1st Marquess of Brindisi
{{small|(1693–1755)}}

|July 20,
1750

|July 26,
1754

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |44

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban
{{small|(1699–1759)}}

| rowspan="2" |July 26,
1754

| rowspan="2" |May 31,
1759

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="3" |Agustín de Ahumada
2nd Marquess of Amarillas
{{small|(1755–1760)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="5" |45

| rowspan="5" |100px

| rowspan="5" |Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta
{{small|Bishop of Cebu
Acting Governor-General
(1701–1771)}}

| rowspan="5" |June
1759

| rowspan="5" |May 31,
1761

style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="5" |Charles III
{{small|(1759–1788)}}

Francisco Antonio de Echávarri
{{small|Dean of the Audiencia
(1760)}}
Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
{{small|(1760)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |Joaquín de Montserrat
1st Marquess of Cruillas
{{small|(1760–1766)}}

46

|100px

|Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra
{{small|Archbishop of Manila
Acting Governor-General
(1708–1764)}}

|July
1761

|October 6,
1762

British occupation of Manila (1762–1764)

{{main|British occupation of Manila}}

After the Spanish defeat at the Battle of Manila in 1762, the Philippines was briefly governed simultaneously by two Governors-General, one of the Spanish Empire and one of the British Empire.

Great Britain shortly occupied Manila and the naval port of Cavite as part of the Seven Years' War, while the Spanish Governor-General set up a provisional government in Bacolor, Pampanga to continue administering the rest of the archipelago.

= British governor-general =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

!Secretary of State for the Southern Department

!Prime Minister

! Monarch

rowspan="3" |46a

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Dawsonne Drake
{{small|(1724–1784)}}

| rowspan="3" |November 2,
1762

| rowspan="3" |May 31,
1764

|The Earl of Egremont

{{small|(1710–1763)}}

| rowspan="2" |The Earl of Bute

{{small|(1713–1792)}}

| rowspan="3" |George III
{{small|(1760–1820)}}

rowspan="2" |The Earl of Halifax

{{small|(1716–1771)}}

George Grenville

{{small|(1712–1770)}}

= Spanish governor-general =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

!Secretary of State for Indies

! width="200px" |Viceroy of New Spain

!First Secretary of State

! Monarch

rowspan="2" |47

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Simón de Anda y Salazar
{{small|(1709–1776)}}

| rowspan="2" |October 6,
1762

| rowspan="2" |February 10,
1764

| rowspan="2" |Julián Arriaga y Ribera {{small|(1754–1776)}}

| rowspan="2" |Joaquín de Montserrat
1st Marquess of Cruillas
{{small|(1760–1766)}}

|Ricardo Wall {{small|(1754–1763)}}

| rowspan="2" |Charles III
{{small|(1759–1788)}}

Jerónimo Grimaldi {{small|(1763–1777)}}

Under New Spain (1764–1821)

After the British returned Manila to the Spanish in 1764, the Spanish Governor-General Francisco Javier de la Torre resumed administration of the Philippines under the authority of the Viceroy of New Spain in modern-day Mexico (New Spain) as part of the Spanish Empire.

The Philippines, along with the rest of the Spanish Empire, became part of the First French Empire in 1808 after Napoleon overthrew Ferdinand VII and installed Joseph Bonaparte as king until his abdication in 1813, as part of a disastrous consequence of Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign, the Peninsular Wars, particularly the Battle of Vitoria, and of forming the Sixth Coalition.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

! width="200px" |Viceroy of New Spain

! Monarch

48

|100px

|Francisco Javier de la Torre
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

|March 17,
1764

|July 6,
1765

| rowspan="2" |Joaquín de Montserrat
1st Marquess of Cruillas
{{small|(1760–1766)}}

| rowspan="17" |Charles III
{{small|(1759–1788)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |49

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez
{{small|(1700–1773)}}

| rowspan="2" |July 6,
1765

| rowspan="2" |July
1770

rowspan="2" |Carlos Francisco de Croix
1st Marquess of Croix
{{small|(1766–1771)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |(47)

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Simón de Anda y Salazar
{{small|(1709–1776)}}

| rowspan="2" |July
1770

| rowspan="2" |October 30,
1776

rowspan="3" |Antonio María de Bucareli
{{small|(1771–1779)}}
50

|100px

|Pedro Sarrió
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

|October 30,
1776

|July
1778

style="height:63px;"

| rowspan="9" |51

| rowspan="9" |100px

| rowspan="9" |José Basco y Vargas
{{small|(1733–1805)}}

| rowspan="9" |July
1778

| rowspan="9" |September 22,
1787

Francisco Romá y Rosell
{{small|Regent of the Audiencia
(1779)}}
Martín de Mayorga
{{small|Captain General of Guatemala
(1779–1783)}}
Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo
{{small|Captain General of Guatemala
(1783–1784)}}
Vicente de Herrera y Rivero
{{small|Regent of the Audiencia
(1784–1785)}}
Bernardo de Gálvez
1st Count of Gálvez
{{small|(1785–1786)}}
Eusebio Sánchez Pareja
{{small|Regent of the Audiencia
(1786–1787)}}
Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1787)}}
style="height:63px;"

| rowspan="4" |Manuel Antonio Flórez
{{small|(1787–1789)}}

(50)

|100px

|Pedro Sarrió
{{small|Acting Governor-General}}

|September 22,
1787

|July 1,
1788

rowspan="3" |51

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Félix Berenguer de Marquina
{{small|(1733–1826)}}

| rowspan="3" |July 1,
1788

| rowspan="3" |September 1,
1793

rowspan="8" |Charles IV
{{small|(1788–1808)}}
rowspan="2" |Juan Vicente de Güemes
2nd Count of Revillagigedo
{{small|(1789–1794)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="5" |52

| rowspan="5" |100px

| rowspan="5" |Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León
{{small|(1737–1806)}}

| rowspan="5" |September 1,
1793

| rowspan="5" |August 7,
1806

Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca
1st Marquess of Branciforte
{{small|(1794–1798)}}
Miguel José de Azanza
1st Duke of Santa Fe
{{small|(1798–1800)}}
Félix Berenguer de Marquina
{{small|(1800–1803)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="4" |José de Iturrigaray
{{small|(1803–1808)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="5" |53

| rowspan="5" |100px

| rowspan="5" |Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
{{small|Acting Governor-General
(1766–1823)}}

| rowspan="5" |August 7,
1806

| rowspan="5" |March 4,
1810

Ferdinand VII
{{small|(1808)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="8" |Joseph Bonaparte
{{small|(1808–1813)}}

Pedro de Garibay
{{small|(1808–1809)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
{{small|Archbishop of Mexico
(1809–1810)}}

rowspan="4" |54

| rowspan="4" |100px

| rowspan="4" |Manuel González de Aguilar

| rowspan="4" |March 4,
1810

| rowspan="4" |September 4,
1813

Pedro Catani
{{small|(1810)}}
Francisco Javier Venegas
1st Marquess of Reunión and New Spain
{{small|(1810–1813)}}
style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="3" |Félix María Calleja del Rey
1st Count of Calderón
{{small|(1813–1816)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="3" |55

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia

| rowspan="3" |September 4,
1813

| rowspan="3" |December 10,
1816

style="height:26px;"

| rowspan="5" |Ferdinand VII
{{small|(1813–1833)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="2" |Juan Ruiz de Apodaca
1st Count of Venadito
{{small|(1816–1821)}}

style="height:53px;"

| rowspan="3" |(53)

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
{{small|Acting Governor-General
(1766–1823)}}

| rowspan="3" |December 10,
1816

| rowspan="3" |September 15,
1821

Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo
{{small|(1821)}}
Juan O'Donojú
{{small|(1821)}}

Direct Spanish control (1821–1899)

After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Spanish Crown.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!No.

!Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

!Minister of OverseasDepending ministry of the Spanish colonies

!Monarch

rowspan="3" |(53)

| rowspan="4" |150x150px

| rowspan="4" |Mariano Fernández de Folgueras

Acting Governor-General (1766–1823)

| rowspan="4" |September 16,

1821

| rowspan="4" |October 30,

1822

|Ramón López-Pelegrín {{Small|(1821–1822)}}As Secretary of State of the Overseas Governance

| rowspan="10" |Ferdinand VII

(1813–1833)

Manuel de la Bodega Mollinedo {{Small|(1822)}}
Diego Clemencín {{Small|(1822)}}
| rowspan="2" |José Manuel de Vadillo {{Small|(1822–1823)}}
rowspan="3" |54

| rowspan="4" |134x134px

| rowspan="4" |Juan Antonio Martínez

| rowspan="4" |October 30,

1822

| rowspan="4" |October 14,

1825

Pedro Urquinaona {{Small|(1823)}}
Francisco de Paula Ossorio y Vargas {{Small|(1823) Interim}}
| rowspan="7" |No minister
55

|150x150px

|Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca

(1776–1846)

|October 14,

1825

|December 23,

1830

style="height:67px;"

| rowspan="2" |56

| rowspan="2" |134x134px

| rowspan="2" |Pasqual Enrile y Alcedo

(1772–1836)

| rowspan="2" |December 23,

1830

| rowspan="2" |March 1,

1835

rowspan="50" |Isabella II

(1833–1868)

57

|150x150px

|Gabriel de Torres

|March 1,

1835

|April 23,

1835

58

|106x106px

|Joaquín de Crame

Acting Governor-General

|April 23,

1835

|September 9,

1835

59

| rowspan="2" |150x150px

| rowspan="2" |Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona

Acting Governor-General

| rowspan="2" |September 9,

1835

| rowspan="2" |August 27,

1837

| rowspan="6" |Depending on the Minister of the Navy
60

|125x125px

|Andrés García Camba

(1793–1861)

|August 27,

1837

|December 29,

1838

61

|150x150px

|Luis Lardizábal

|December 29,

1838

|February 14,

1841

62

|180x180px

|Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri

(1788–1851)

|February 14,

1841

|June 17,

1843

63

|150x150px

|Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre

|June 17,

1843

|July 16,

1844

64

| rowspan="2" |142x142px

| rowspan="2" |Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa

1st Count of Manila

(1795–1851)

| rowspan="2" |July 16,

1844

| rowspan="2" |December 26,

1849

| rowspan="3" |No minister
65

|150x150px

|Antonio María Blanco

Acting Governor-General

|December 26,

1849

|July 29,

1850

| rowspan="5" |152x152px

| rowspan="5" |Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo, Marquis of La Solana

(1803–1857)

| rowspan="5" |July 29,

1850

| rowspan="5" |December 20,

1853

rowspan="3" |66

|Juan Bravo Murillo {{Small|(1851–1852)}}Depending of the President of the Council of Ministers as an additional affair.

Federico Roncali, Count of Alcoy {{Small|(1852–1853)}}
Francisco Lersundi {{Small|(1853)}}
| rowspan="2" |Luis José Sartorius, Count of San Luis {{Small|(1853–1854)}}
67

|136x136px

|Ramón Montero y Blandino

Acting Governor-General

|December 20,

1853

|February 2,

1854

68

|137x137px

|Manuel Pavía y Lacy

1st Marquess of Novaliches

(1814–1896)

|February 2,

1854

|October 28,

1854

| rowspan="3" |Depending on the Minister of State

(67)

|136x136px

|Ramón Montero y Blandino

Acting Governor-General

|October 28,

1854

|November 20,

1854

rowspan="3" |69

| rowspan="3" |144x144px

| rowspan="3" |Manuel Crespo y Cebrían

(1793–1868)

| rowspan="3" |November 20,

1854

| rowspan="3" |December 5,

1856

No minister
Depending on the Minister of Development
(67)

|136x136px

|Ramón Montero y Blandino

Acting Governor-General

|December 5,

1856

|March 9,

1857

| rowspan="2" |Depending on the Minister of State

| rowspan="3" |128x128px

| rowspan="3" |Fernando de Norzagaray y Escudero

(1808–1860)

| rowspan="3" |March 9,

1857

| rowspan="3" |January 12,

1860

70

|Francisco Javier de Istúriz {{Small|(1858) Also prime minister}}

| rowspan="6" |Leopoldo O'Donnell {{Small|(1858–1863) Also prime minister}}
71

|128x128px

|Ramón María Solano y Llanderal

|January 12,

1860

|August 29,

1860

72

|150x150px

|Juan Herrera Dávila

Acting Governor-General

|August 29,

1860

|February 2,

1861

73

|103x103px

|José Lémery e Ibarrola

(1811–1886)

|February 2,

1861

|July 7,

1862

74

|150x150px

|Salvador Valdés

Acting Governor-General

|July 7,

1862

|July 9,

1862

| rowspan="8" |141x141px

| rowspan="8" |Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham

(1815–1915)

| rowspan="8" |July 9,

1862

| rowspan="8" |March 24,

1865

rowspan="6" |75

|Manuel Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores {{Small|(1863)}}

José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana {{Small|(1863) Interim}}
Francisco Permanyer Tuyets {{Small|(1863)}}
José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana {{Small|(1863–1864) Interim}}
Alejandro de Castro y Casal {{Small|(1864)}}
Diego López Ballesteros {{Small|(1864)}}
| rowspan="3" |Manuel Seijas Lozano {{Small|(1864–1865)}}
76

|150x150px

|Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez

Acting Governor-General

|March 24,

1865

|April 25,

1865

| rowspan="3" |184x184px

| rowspan="3" |Juan de Lara e Irigoyen

| rowspan="3" |April 25,

1865

| rowspan="3" |July 13,

1866

rowspan="2" |77

|Antonio Cánovas del Castillo {{Small|(1865–1866)}}

rowspan="5" |Alejandro de Castro Casal {{Small|(1866–1867)}}
78

|142x142px

|José Laureano de Sanz y Posse

Acting Governor-General

(1819–1898)

|July 13,

1866

|September 21,

1866

79

|106x106px

|Antonio Osorio y Mallén

(1808-1881)

Acting Governor-General

|September 21,

1866

|September 27,

1866

(76)

|150x150px

|Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez

|September 27,

1866

|October 26,

1866

style="height:66px;"

| rowspan="5" |80

| rowspan="6" |132x132px

| rowspan="6" |José de la Gándara y Navarro

(1820–1885)

| rowspan="6" |October 26,

1866

| rowspan="6" |June 7,

1869

Carlos Marfori y Callejas {{Small|(1867–1868)}}
Tomás Rodríguez Rubí {{Small|(1868)}}
José Nacarino Bravo {{Small|(1868)}}
Adelardo López de Ayala {{Small|(1868–1869)}}

| rowspan="7" |Francisco Serrano

1st Duke of la Torre

Regent

(1868–1870)

| rowspan="3" |Juan Bautista Topete {{Small|(1869) Interim}}
(81)

|150x150px

|Manuel Maldonado

Acting Governor-General

|June 7,

1869

|June 23,

1869

style="height:62px;"

| rowspan="4" |82

| rowspan="5" |125x125px

| rowspan="5" |Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada

(1809–1879)

| rowspan="5" |June 23,

1869

| rowspan="5" |April 4,

1871

Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez {{Small|(1869–1870)}}
Segismundo Moret {{Small|(1870)}}
rowspan="3" |Adelardo López de Ayala {{Small|(1870–1871)}}
| rowspan="11" |Amadeo I

(1870–1873)

| rowspan="8" |140x140px

| rowspan="8" |Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez

(1820–1883)

| rowspan="8" |April 4,

1871

| rowspan="8" |January 8,

1873

rowspan="6" |83

|Tomás Mosquera {{Small|(1871)}}

Víctor Balaguer {{Small|(1871)}}
Juan Bautista Topete {{Small|(1871–1872)}}
Cristóbal Martín de Herrera {{Small|(1872)}}
Adelardo López de Ayala {{Small|(1872)}}
Eduardo Gasset y Artime {{Small|(1872)}}
| rowspan="3" |Tomás Mosquera {{Small|(1872–1873)}}
(84)

|150x150px

|Manuel MacCrohon

Acting Governor-General

|January 8,

1873

|January 24,

1873

style="height:59px;"

| rowspan="8" |85

| rowspan="9" |118x118px

| rowspan="9" |Juan Alaminos y Vivar

(1813–1899)

| rowspan="9" |January 24,

1873

| rowspan="9" |March 17,

1874

Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso {{Small|(1873)}}

| rowspan="2" |Estanislao Figueras

President

(1873)

rowspan="2" |José Cristóbal Sorní y Grau {{Small|(1873)}}
rowspan="2" |Francesc Pi i Margall

President

(1873)

Francisco Suñer {{Small|(1873)}}
Eduardo Palanca {{Small|(1873)}}

|Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso

President

(1873)

Santiago Soler y Pla {{Small|(1873–1874)}}

|Emilio Castelar

President

(1873–1874)

style="height:59px;"

|Víctor Balaguer {{Small|(1874)}}

| rowspan="4" |Francisco Serrano

President

(1874)

| rowspan="3" |Antonio Romero Ortiz {{Small|(1874)}}
86

|150x150px

|Manuel Blanco Valderrama

Acting Governor-General

|March 17,

1874

|June 18,

1874

style="height:74px;"

| rowspan="2" |87

| rowspan="3" |149x149px

| rowspan="3" |José Malcampo

3rd Marquess of San Rafael

(1828–1880)

| rowspan="3" |June 18,

1874

| rowspan="3" |February 28,

1877

Adelardo López de Ayala {{Small|(1874–1877)}}

| rowspan="19" |Alfonso XII

(1874–1885)

| rowspan="2" |Cristóbal Martín de Herrera {{Small|(1877–1878)}}
| rowspan="6" |127x127px

| rowspan="6" |Domingo Moriones y Murillo

(1823–1881)

| rowspan="6" |February 28,

1877

| rowspan="6" |March 20,

1880

rowspan="4" |88

|José Elduayen Gorriti {{Small|(1878–1879)}}

Manuel Orovio Echagüe {{Small|(1879) Interim}}
Salvador Albacete {{Small|(1879)}}
José Elduayen Gorriti {{Small|(1879–1880)}}
| rowspan="4" |Cayetano Sánchez Bustillo {{Small|(1880–1881)}}
89

|126x126px

|Rafael Rodríguez Arias

Acting Governor-General

(1819–1898)

|March 20,

1880

|April 15,

1880

| rowspan="4" |150x150px

| rowspan="4" |Fernando Primo de Rivera

1st Marquess of Estella

(1831–1921)

| rowspan="4" |April 15,

1880

| rowspan="4" |March 10,

1883

rowspan="2" |90
Fernando León y Castillo {{Small|(1881–1883)}}
| rowspan="3" |Gaspar Núñez de Arce {{Small|(1883)}}
(91)

|106x106px

|Emilio Molíns

Acting Governor-General

(1824–1889)

|March 10,

1883

|April 7,

1883

| rowspan="3" |137x137px

| rowspan="3" |Joaquín Jovellar y Soler

(1819–1892)

| rowspan="3" |April 7,

1883

| rowspan="3" |April 1,

1885

92

|Estanislao Suárez Inclán {{Small|(1883–1884)}}

| rowspan="3" |Manuel Aguirre de Tejada {{Small|(1884–1885)}}
(91)

|106x106px

|Emilio Molíns

Acting Governor-General

(1824–1889)

|April 1,

1885

|April 4,

1885

style="height:72px;"

| rowspan="2" |92

| rowspan="4" |143x143px

| rowspan="4" |Emilio Terrero y Perinat

(1827–1890)

| rowspan="4" |April 4,

1885

| rowspan="4" |April 25,

1888

rowspan="2" |German Gamazo {{Small|(1885–1886)}}

|Maria Christina

Regent

(1885–1886)

| rowspan="25" |Alfonso XIII

(1886–1931)

style="height:72px;"

|

| rowspan="4" |Víctor Balaguer {{Small|(1886–1888)}}

93

|143x143px

|Antonio Moltó y Díaz Berrio

Acting Governor-General

|April 25,

1888

|June 4,

1888

94

|106x106px

|Federico Lobatón y Prieto

Acting Governor-General

|June 4,

1888

|June 5,

1888

| rowspan="4" |131x131px

| rowspan="4" |Valeriano Weyler

1st Marquess of Tenerife

(1838–1930)

| rowspan="4" |June 5,

1888

| rowspan="4" |November 17,

1891

rowspan="2" |95

|Trinitario Ruiz Capdepón {{Small|(1888)}}

Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez {{Small|(1888–1890)}}
| rowspan="2" |Antonio María Fabié {{Small|(1890–1891)}}
| rowspan="3" |158x158px

| rowspan="3" |Eulogio Despujol y Dusay

1st Count of Caspe

(1834–1907)

| rowspan="3" |November 17,

1891

| rowspan="3" |March 1,

1893

96

|Francisco Romero Robledo {{Small|(1891–1892)}}

| rowspan="3" |Antonio Maura {{Small|(1892–1894)}}
97

|127x127px

|Federico Ochando

Acting Governor-General

(1848–1929)

|March 1,

1893

|May 4,

1893

| rowspan="4" |146x146px

| rowspan="4" |Ramón Blanco

1st Marquess of Peña Plata

(1833–1906)

| rowspan="4" |May 4,

1893

| rowspan="4" |December 13,

1896

rowspan="3" |98

|Manuel Becerra y Bermúdez {{Small|(1894–1895)}}

Buenaventura Abárzuza Ferrer {{Small|(1894–1895)}}
rowspan="4" |Tomás Castellano Villarroya {{Small|(1895–1897)}}
99

|125x125px

|Camilo Garcia de Polavieja

1st Marquess of Polavieja

Acting Governor-General

(1838–1914)

|December 13,

1896

|April 15,

1897

100

|106x106px

|José de Lachambre

Acting Governor-General

(1846–1903)

|April 15,

1897

|April 23,

1897

(90)

| rowspan="2" |150x150px

| rowspan="2" |Fernando Primo de Rivera

1st Marquess of Estella

(1831–1921)

| rowspan="2" |April 23,

1897

| rowspan="2" |April 11,

1898

| rowspan="2" |Segismundo Moret {{Small|(1897–1898)}}
101

| rowspan="2" |122x122px

| rowspan="2" |Basilio Augustín{{Harvnb|Peterson|2007|p=11}}.

(1840–1910)

| rowspan="2" |April 11,

1898

| rowspan="2" |July 24,

1898

| rowspan="4" |Vicente Romero Girón {{Small|(1898)}}
102

|120x120px

|Fermín Jáudenes

Acting Governor-General

(1836–1915)

|July 24,

1898

|August 13,

1898

103

|164x164px

|Francisco Rizzo

Acting Governor-General

(1831–1910)

|August 13,

1898

|September 18,

1898

104

|141x141px

|Diego de los Ríos

Acting Governor-General

(1850–1911)

|September 18,

1898

|June 3,

1899

United States Military Government (1898–1902)

{{See also|United States Military Government of the Philippine Islands}}

The city of Manila was captured by American expeditionary forces on August 13, 1898.David P. Barrows; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/i304885?refreqid=excelsior%3A55964178634969ab58a248baa7a9e4a3 The Governor-General of the Philippines under Spain and the United States]; [https://www.jstor.org/journal/amerhistrevi?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8f41a022ef5b50cea6959ca47b99d19 The American Historical Review] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/i304885?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8f41a022ef5b50cea6959ca47b99d19 Vol. 21, No. 2] (Jan. 1916), pp. 288–311 ([https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1835051.pdf PDF]) On August 14, 1898, the terms of the Spanish capitulation were signed. From this date, American government in the Philippines begins. General Wesley Merritt, in accordance with the instructions of the United States President, issued a proclamation announcing the establishment of United States military rule.

During the transition period, executive authority in all civil affairs in the Philippine government was exercised by the military governor.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

!Secretary of WarResponsible to the Bureau of Insular Affairs regarding the Philippines after the April 11, 1899 ratification of the 1898 Treaty of Paris.

! President

1

|100px

|Wesley Merritt
{{small|(1836–1910)}}

|August 14,
1898{{cite book |last=Halstead |first=Murat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIQcwt7g2wkC |title=The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico |year=1898 |page=[http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=58428&pageno=116 116]}}

|August 30,
1898{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8V |title=The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-85109-951-1 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8V3vZxOmHssC&pg=PA457 457]}}

| rowspan="2" |Russell A. Alger {{small|(1897–1899)}}

| rowspan="5" |William McKinley
{{small|(1897–1901)}}

2

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Elwell Stephen Otis
{{small|(1838–1909)}}

| rowspan="2" |August 30,
1898

| rowspan="2" |May 5,
1900

| rowspan="4" |Elihu Root {{small|(1899–1904)}}
3

|100px

|Arthur MacArthur Jr.{{cite book |last=Pershing |first=John J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a74_JIbehzsC |title=My Life Before the World War, 1860--1917: A Memoir |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-8131-4199-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=a74_JIbehzsC&dq=%225+May+1900%22&pg=PA547 547]}}
{{small|(1845–1912)}}

|May 5,
1900

|July 4,
1901

style="height:76px;"

| rowspan="2" |4

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Adna Chaffee{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Charles Burke |title=The Philippines to the End of the Commission Government: A Study in Tropical Democracy |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company |year=1917 |location=Indianapolis |pages=509}}
{{small|(1842–1914)}}

| rowspan="2" |July 4,
1901

| rowspan="2" |July 4,
1902

Theodore Roosevelt
{{small|(1901–1909)}}

Insular Government (1901–1935)

{{See also|Insular Government of the Philippine Islands}}

On July 4, 1901, executive authority over the islands was transferred to the president of the Second Philippine Commission who had the title of Civil Governor, a position appointed by the President of the United States and approved by the United States Senate. For the first year, a Military Governor, Adna Chaffee, ruled parts of the country still resisting the American rule, concurrent with Civil Governor, William Howard Taft.{{Cite book |last=Elliot |first=Charles Burke |title=The Philippines to the End of the Commission Government: A Study in Tropical Democracy |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company |year=1917 |location=Indianapolis |pages=4}} Disagreements between the two were not uncommon.Tanner (1901), p. 383 The following year, on July 4, 1902, Taft became the sole executive authority. Chaffee remained commander of the Philippine Division until September 30, 1902.{{cite book|author=Philippine Academy of Social Sciences|title=Philippine social sciences and humanities review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6qVHAQAAIAAJ|year=1967|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6qVHAQAAIAAJ&q=%22adna+Chaffee+relinquished+his+post%22 40]}}

After his retirement as Civil Governor, Governor Taft was appointed Secretary of War and he secured for his successor the adoption by CongressAct of Congress of February 6, 1905, entitled: "An Act To amend an Act approved July first, nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An Act temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes," and to amend an Act approved March eighth, nineteen hundred and two, entitled "An Act temporarily to provide revenue for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes" and to amend an Act March second, nineteen hundred and three, entitled "An Act to establish a standard of value and to provide for a coinage system in the Philippine Islands," and to provide for the more efficient administration of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes." Section 8 thereof provided that "the civil governor of the Philippine Islands shall hereafter be known as the governor-general of the Philippine Islands. of the title Governor-General of the Philippine Islands thereby "reviving the high designation used during the last period of Spanish rule and placing the office on a parity of dignity with that of other colonial empires of first importance". The term "insular" (from insula, the Latin word for island)[https://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en/la/island "Island – from English to Latin"]. Google Translate. Retrieved on August 7, 2013. refers to U.S. island territories that are not incorporated into either a state or a federal district. All insular areas were under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Insular Affairs, a division of the US War Department.[http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes.cfm "Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925044541/http://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes.cfm |date=September 25, 2012 }}. U.S. Department of the Interior.[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insular "Insular"]. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved on August 7, 2013.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

!Secretary of War

! President

style="height:65px;"

| rowspan="2" |1

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |William Howard Taft
{{small|(1857–1930)}}

| rowspan="2" |July 4,
1901

| rowspan="2" |February 1,
1904

| rowspan="2" |Elihu Root {{small|(1899–1904)}}

|William McKinley
{{small|(1897–1901)}}

style="height:65px;"

| rowspan="5" |Theodore Roosevelt
{{small|(1901–1909)}}

2

|100px

|Luke Edward Wright
{{small|(1846–1922)}}

|February 1,
1904

|November 3,
1905

| rowspan="3" |William Howard Taft{{small|(1904–1908)}}

3

|100px

|Henry Clay Ide
{{small|(1844–1921)}}

|November 3,
1905

|September 19,
1906

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |James Francis Smith
{{small|(1859–1928)}}

| rowspan="3" |September 20,
1906

| rowspan="3" |November 11,
1909

style="height:74px;"

| rowspan="2" |4

|Luke Edward Wright {{small|(1908–1909)}}

style="height:74px;"

| rowspan="2" |Jacob M. Dickinson {{small|(1909–1911)}}

| rowspan="3" |William Howard Taft
{{small|(1909–1913)}}

style="height:70px;"

| rowspan="3" |5

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |William Cameron Forbes
{{small|(1870–1959)}}

| rowspan="3" |November 11,
1909

| rowspan="3" |September 1,
1913

Henry L. Stimson {{small|(1911–1913)}}
rowspan="3" |Lindley Miller Garrison {{small|(1913–1916)}}

| rowspan="4" |Woodrow Wilson
{{small|(1913–1921)}}

–

|100px

|Newton W. Gilbert
{{small|(1862–1939)
Acting Governor-General}}

|September 1,
1913

|October 6,
1913

style="height:68px;"

| rowspan="3" |6

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Francis Burton Harrison
{{small|(1873–1957)}}

| rowspan="3" |October 6,
1913

| rowspan="3" |March 5,
1921

Newton D. Baker {{small|(1916–1921)}}
rowspan="4" |John W. Weeks {{small|(1921–1925)}}

| rowspan="3" |Warren G. Harding
{{small|(1921–1923)}}

–

|100px

|Charles Yeater
{{small|(1861–1943)
Acting Governor-General}}

|March 5,
1921

|October 14,
1921

style="height:68px;"

| rowspan="3" |7

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Leonard Wood
{{small|(1860–1927)}}

| rowspan="3" |October 14,
1921

| rowspan="3" |August 7,
1927

rowspan="5" |Calvin Coolidge
{{small|(1923–1929)}}
rowspan="4" |Dwight F. Davis {{small|(1925–1929)}}
–

|100px

|Eugene Allen Gilmore
{{small|(1871–1953)
Acting Governor-General}}

|August 7,
1927

|December 27,
1927

style="height:72px;"

|8

|100px

|Henry L. Stimson
{{small|(1867–1950)}}

|December 27,
1927

|February 23,
1929

–

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Eugene Allen Gilmore
{{small|(1871–1953)
Acting Governor-General}}

| rowspan="2" |February 23,
1929

| rowspan="2" |July 8,
1929

| rowspan="3" |James W. Good {{small|(1929)}}

| rowspan="6" |Herbert Hoover
{{small|(1929–1933)}}

| rowspan="3" |100px

| rowspan="3" |Dwight F. Davis
{{small|(1879–1945)}}

| rowspan="3" |July 8,
1929

| rowspan="3" |January 9,
1932

rowspan="2" |9
rowspan="3" |Patrick J. Hurley {{small|(1929–1933)}}
–

|100px

|George C. Butte
{{small|(1877–1940)
Acting Governor-General}}

|January 9,
1932

|February 29,
1932

style="height:69px;"

| rowspan="2" |10

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Theodore Roosevelt Jr.
{{small|(1886–1944)}}

| rowspan="2" |February 29,
1932

| rowspan="2" |July 15,
1933

rowspan="2" |George Dern {{small|(1933–1936)}}

| rowspan="2" |Franklin D. Roosevelt
{{small|(1933–1945)}}

11

|100px

|Frank Murphy
{{small|(1890–1949)}}

|July 15,
1933

|November 14,
1935

High Commissioner to the Philippines (1935–42 and 1945–46)

{{See also|High Commissioner to the Philippines}}

On November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was inaugurated as a transitional government to prepare the country for independence. The office of President of the Philippine Commonwealth replaced the Governor-General as the country's chief executive. The Governor-General became the High Commissioner of the Philippines with Frank Murphy, the last governor-general, as the first high commissioner. The High Commissioner exercised no executive power but rather represented the colonial power, the United States Government, in the Philippines. The high commissioner moved from Malacañang Palace to the newly built High Commissioner's Residence, now the Embassy of the United States in Manila.

After the Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, the last High Commissioner, Paul McNutt, became the first United States Ambassador to the Philippines.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

! President

1

|100px

|Frank Murphy
{{small|(1890–1949)}}

|November 14,
1935

|December 31,
1936

| rowspan="6" |Franklin D. Roosevelt
{{small|(1933–1945)}}

–

|100px

|J. Weldon Jones
{{small|(1896–1982)
Acting High Commissioner}}

|December 31,
1936

|April 26,
1937

2

|100px

|Paul V. McNutt
{{small|(1891–1955)}}

|April 26,
1937

|July 12,
1939

–

|100px

|J. Weldon Jones
{{small|(1896–1982)
Acting High Commissioner}}

|July 12,
1939

|October 28,
1939

3

|100px

|Francis Bowes Sayre Sr.
{{small|(1885–1972)}}

|October 28,
1939

|October 12,
1942

style="height:65px;"

| rowspan="2" |4

| rowspan="2" |100px

| rowspan="2" |Harold L. Ickes
{{small|(1874–1952)}}

| rowspan="2" |October 12,
1942

| rowspan="2" |September 14,
1945

rowspan="2" |Harry S. Truman
{{small|(1945–1953)}}
5

|100px

|Paul V. McNutt
{{small|(1891–1955)}}

|September 14,
1945

|July 4,
1946

Japanese military governors (1942–45)

In December 1941, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded by Imperial Japan as part of World War II. The next year, the Japanese sent a military governor to control the country during the wartime period, followed by the formal establishment of the puppet Second Philippine Republic under Jose P. Laurel.Cahoon (2000)

On September 2, 1945, the position of Governor-General of the Philippines was abolished. The Philippines' independence from the United States was proclaimed by the Treaty of Manila on July 4, 1946, installing Manuel Roxas as the fifth President of the Philippines and ushering in the Third Philippine Republic.

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

! Emperor

1

|100px

|Masaharu Homma
{{small|(1887–1946)}}

|January 3,
1942

|June 8,
1942

| rowspan="4" |Hirohito
{{small|(1926–1989)}}

2

|100px

|Shizuichi Tanaka
{{small|(1887–1945)}}

|June 8,
1942

|May 28,
1943

3

|100px

|Shigenori Kuroda
{{small|(1887–1952)}}

|May 28,
1943

|September 26,
1944

4

|100px

|Tomoyuki Yamashita
{{small|(1885–1946)}}

|September 26,
1944

|September 2,
1945

Vice-governors of the Philippines

On October 29, 1901, the position of Vice-Governor was created. The Vice-Governor was appointed by the President of the United States to act as the Governor-General (known at that time as the Civil Governor) in case of illness or temporary absence.{{Cite book |title=Annual Report of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1901 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=64}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
No.

! Portrait

! width="200px" |Name

! width="100px" |Tenure start

! width="100px" |Tenure end

1

|100px

|Luke Edward Wright
{{small|(1846–1922)}}

|October 29,
1901

|January 31,
1904

2

|100px

|Henry Clay Ide
{{small|(1844–1921)}}

|February 1,
1904

|March 30,
1906

3

|100px

|William Cameron Forbes
{{small|(1870–1959)}}

|July 31,
1908

|November 10,
1909

4

|100px

|Newton W. Gilbert
{{small|(1862–1939)}}

|February 14,
1910

|November 30,
1913

5

|100px

|Henderson S. Martin

|December 1,
1913

|June 28,
1917

6

|100px

|Charles Yeater
{{small|(1861–1943)}}
{{Cite book |title=Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War (1917–1919): Zone of the Interior, Volume 3, Part 1 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1949 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=229}}

|June 29,
1917

|January 25,
1922

7

|100px

|Eugene Allen Gilmore
{{small|(1871–1953)}}
{{Cite book |title=Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, War Department, 1922 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1922 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=2}}

|January 26,
1922

|June 20,
1930

–

|100px

|Nicholas Roosevelt
{{small|(1893–1982)
Ad interim}}
{{Cite book |title=Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Herbert Hoover: 1930 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1976}}

|July 29,
1930

|September 24,
1930

8

|100px

|George C. Butte
{{small|(1877–1940)}}
{{Cite book |title=Annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands, 1930 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1932 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=65}}

|December 31,
1930

|June 30,
1932

9

|100px

|John H. Holliday
{{Cite book |title=Annual Report of the Governor General of the Philippine Islands 1932 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1934 |location=Washington |pages=99}}

|August 13,
1932

|September 1,
1933

10

|100px

|Joseph R. Hayden
{{small|(1887–1945)}}
{{Cite book |title=Annual Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs 1934 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1934 |location=Washington, D.C. |page=6}}

|November 7,
1933

|November 15,
1935

Timelines

= 1750–1800 =

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id:None value:gray(0.3)

id:ESP value:yelloworange legend:Spanish

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from:1750 till:1750 text:"Archbishop Juan Arrechederra (acting)" color:ESP

from:1750 till:1754 text:"Francisco José de Ovando y Solis, 1st Marquis of Ovando" color:ESP

from:1754 till:1759 text:"Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban" color:ESP

from:1759 till:1761 text:"Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta" color:ESP

from:1761 till:1762 text:"Archbishop Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra (acting)" color:ESP

from:1762 till:1764 text:"Simón de Anda y Salazar (Provisional Government)" color:ESP

from:1762 till:1764 text:"Dawsonne Drake" color:GBR

from:1764 till:1765 text:"Francisco Javier de la Torre" color:ESP

from:1765 till:1770 text:"José Antonio Raón y Gutiérrez" color:ESP

from:1770 till:1776 text:"Simón de Anda y Salazar" color:ESP

from:1776 till:1778 text:"Pedro Sarrió" color:ESP

from:1778 till:1787 text:"José Basco y Vargas" color:ESP

from:1787 till:1788 text:"Pedro Sarrió" color:ESP

from:1788 till:1793 text:"Félix Berenguer de Marquina" color:ESP

from:1793 till:1799 text:"Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León" color:ESP

= 1800–50 =

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id:None value:gray(0.3)

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from:01/01/1800 till:08/07/1806 text:"Rafael María de Aguilar y Ponce de León" color:ESP

from:08/07/1806 till:03/04/1810 text:"Mariano Fernández de Folgueras" color:ESP

from:03/04/1810 till:09/14/1813 text:"Manuel González de Aguilar" color:ESP

from:09/04/1813 till:09/09/1816 text:"José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia" color:ESP

from:09/09/1816 till:10/30/1822 text:"Mariano Fernández de Folgueras" color:ESP

from:10/30/1822 till:10/15/1825 text:"Juan Antonio Martínez" color:ESP

from:10/15/1825 till:12/23/1830 text:"Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca" color:ESP

from:12/23/1830 till:03/01/1835 text:"Pascual Enrile y Alcedo" color:ESP

from:03/01/1835 till:04/23/1835 text:"Gabriel de Torres" color:ESP

from:04/23/1835 till:09/08/1835 text:"Joaquín de Crámer" color:ESP

from:09/08/1835 till:08/27/1837 text:"Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona" color:ESP

from:08/27/1837 till:12/29/1838 text:"Andrés García Camba" color:ESP

from:12/29/1838 till:02/14/1841 text:"Luis Lardizábal" color:ESP

from:02/14/1841 till:06/17/1843 text:"Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri" color:ESP

from:06/17/1843 till:07/16/1844 text:"Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre" color:ESP

from:07/16/1844 till:12/26/1849 text:"Narciso Clavería y Zaldua" color:ESP

from:12/26/1849 till:12/31/1849 text:"Antonio María Blanco" color:ESP

= 1850–98 =

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id:None value:gray(0.3)

id:ESP value:yelloworange legend:Spanish

id:MIL value:green legend:American_(military)

id:linemark value:gray(0.8)

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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

barset:PM

from:01/01/1850 till:07/29/1850 text:"Antonio María Blanco" color:ESP

from:07/29/1850 till:12/20/1853 text:"Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía" color:ESP

from:12/20/1853 till:02/02/1854 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP

from:02/02/1854 till:10/28/1854 text:"Manuel Pavía y Lacy" color:ESP

from:10/28/1854 till:11/20/1854 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP

from:11/20/1854 till:12/05/1856 text:"Manuel Crespo y Cebrían" color:ESP

from:12/05/1856 till:03/09/1857 text:"Ramón Montero y Blandino" color:ESP

from:03/09/1857 till:01/12/1860 text:"Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero" color:ESP

from:01/12/1860 till:08/29/1860 text:"Ramón María Solano y Llanderal" color:ESP

from:08/29/1860 till:02/02/1861 text:"Juan Herrera Dávila" color:ESP

from:02/02/1861 till:07/07/1862 text:"José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González" color:ESP

from:07/07/1862 till:07/09/1862 text:"Salvador Valdés" color:ESP

from:07/09/1862 till:03/24/1865 text:"Rafael de Echague y Bermingham" color:ESP

from:03/24/1865 till:04/25/1865 text:"Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez" color:ESP

from:04/25/1865 till:07/13/1866 text:"Juan de Lara e Irigoyen" color:ESP

from:07/13/1866 till:09/21/1866 text:"José Laureano de Sanz y Posse" color:ESP

from:09/21/1866 till:09/27/1866 text:"Juan Antonio Osorio" color:ESP

from:09/27/1866 till:10/26/1866 text:"Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez" color:ESP

from:10/26/1866 till:06/07/1869 text:"José de la Gándara y Navarro" color:ESP

from:06/07/1869 till:06/23/1869 text:"Manuel Maldonado" color:ESP

from:06/23/1869 till:04/04/1871 text:"Cárlos María de la Torre y Nava Cerrada" color:ESP

from:04/04/1871 till:01/08/1873 text:"Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez" color:ESP

from:01/08/1873 till:01/24/1873 text:"Manuel MacCrohon" color:ESP

from:01/24/1873 till:03/17/1874 text:"Juan Alminos y de Vivar" color:ESP

from:03/17/1874 till:06/18/1874 text:"Manuel Blanco Valderrama" color:ESP

from:06/18/1874 till:02/28/1877 text:"José Malcampo y Monje" color:ESP

from:02/28/1877 till:03/20/1880 text:"Domingo Moriones y Murillo" color:ESP

from:03/20/1880 till:04/15/1880 text:"Rafael Rodríguez Arias" color:ESP

from:04/15/1880 till:03/10/1883 text:"Fernando Primo de Rivera" color:ESP

from:03/10/1883 till:04/07/1883 text:"Emilio Molíns" color:ESP

from:04/07/1883 till:04/01/1885 text:"Joaquín Jovellar" color:ESP

from:04/01/1885 till:04/04/1885 text:"Emilio Molíns" color:ESP

from:04/04/1885 till:04/10/1888 text:"Emilio Terrero y Perinat" color:ESP

from:04/25/1888 till:06/04/1888 text:"Antonio Moltó" color:ESP

from:06/04/1888 till:06/05/1888 text:"Federico Lobatón" color:ESP

from:06/05/1888 till:11/17/1891 text:"Valeriano Weyler" color:ESP

from:11/17/1891 till:03/01/1893 text:"Eulogio Despujol" color:ESP

from:03/01/1893 till:05/04/1893 text:"Federico Ochando" color:ESP

from:05/04/1893 till:12/13/1896 text:"Ramón Blanco" color:ESP

from:12/13/1896 till:04/15/1897 text:"Camilo Polavieja" color:ESP

from:04/15/1897 till:04/23/1897 text:"José de Lachambre" color:ESP

from:04/23/1897 till:04/11/1898 text:"Fernando Primo de Rivera" color:ESP

from:04/11/1898 till:07/24/1898 text:"Basilio Augustín" color:ESP

from:07/24/1898 till:08/13/1898 text:"Fermín Jáudenes" color:esp

= 1898–1946 =

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width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

bar:Rizzo from:08/13/1898 till:09/01/1898 text:"Francisco Rizzo" color:ESP

bar:Ríos from:09/01/1898 till:12/10/1898 text:"Diego de los Ríos" color:ESP

bar:Merritt from:08/14/1898 till:08/28/1898 text:"Wesley Merritt" color:MIL

bar:Otis from:08/28/1898 till:05/05/1900 text:"Otis" color:MIL

bar:MacArthur from:05/25/1900 till:07/04/1901 text:"MacArthur" color:MIL

bar:Chaffee from:07/04/1901 till:07/04/1902 text:"Chaffee" color:MIL

bar:Taft from:07/04/1902 till:12/23/1903 text:"Taft" color:REP

bar:Wright from:02/01/1904 till:04/01/1906 text:"Wright" color:REP

bar:Ide from:03/30/1906 till:09/01/1906 text:"Ide" color:REP

bar:Smith from:09/01/1906 till:11/11/1909 text:"Smith" color:REP

bar:Forbes from:11/11/1909 till:09/01/1913 text:"Forbes" color:REP

bar:Gilbert from:09/01/1913 till:10/06/1913 text:"Gilbert" color:REP

bar:Harrison from:10/06/1913 till:03/05/1921 text:"Harrison" color:DEM

bar:Yeater from:03/05/1921 till:10/14/1921 text:"Yeater" color:DEM

bar:Wood from:10/14/1921 till:08/07/1927 text:"Wood" color:REP

bar:Gilmore from:08/07/1927 till:12/27/1927 text:" " color:REP

bar:Stimson from:12/27/1927 till:02/23/1929 text:"Stimson" color:REP

bar:Gilmore from:02/23/1929 till:07/08/1929 text:"Gilmore" color:REP

bar:Davis from:07/08/1929 till:01/09/1932 text:"Davis" color:REP

bar:Butte from:01/09/1932 till:02/29/1932 text:"Butte" color:REP

bar:Roosevelt from:02/29/1932 till:07/15/1933 text:"Roosevelt" color:REP

bar:Murphy from:07/15/1933 till:12/31/1936 text:"Murphy" color:DEM

bar:Jones from:12/31/1936 till:02/27/1937 text:"Jones" color:DEM

bar:McNutt from:02/27/1937 till:12/31/1939 text:"McNutt" color:DEM

bar:Sayre from:12/31/1939 till:01/03/1942 text:"Sayre" color:DEM

bar:Homma from:01/03/1942 till:06/08/1942 text:"Homma" color:JPN

bar:Tanaka from:06/08/1942 till:05/28/1943 text:"Tanaka" color:JPN

bar:Karoda from:05/28/1943 till:07/26/1944 text:"Kuroda" color:JPN

bar:Yamashita from:07/26/1944 till:08/17/1945 text:"Yamashita" color:JPN

bar:McNutt from:08/17/1945 till:07/04/1946 text:"McNutt" color:DEM

See also

{{Portal|Philippines|Spain|United States}}

Notes

{{reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Governors-General of the Philippines}}

References

  • [http://www.zamboanga.com/html/Spanish_governors_of_the_philippines.htm Governors of the Philippines]
  • {{wikicite | ref=refCahoon2000 | reference=Cahoon, Ben (2000). [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Philippines.htm "Philippines"]. World's Statesmen.}}
  • {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Peterson2007}} |reference=Don Peterson (2007-2nd Qtr), [http://www.theipps.info/governors.pdf 1898: Five Philippine Governors-General Serve Rapid Fire Terms], Philippine Philatelic Journal.}}
  • {{wikicite | ref=refTanner1901 | reference=Tanner, Dr. J.M. (1901–11). [https://books.google.com/books?id=INURAAAAYAAJ Improvement Era Vol. 5 No. 1]. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.}}
  • {{wikicite | ref=refElliot1917 | reference=Elliott, Charles Burke (1917). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ydp6RAAACAAJ The Philippines: To the End of the Commission Government, a Study in Tropical Democracy]. The Bobbs-Merrill Company.}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal|last=Barrows|first=David P.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1835051|title=The Governor General of the Philippines Under Spain and the United States|journal=The American Historical Review|year=1916|volume=21|issue=2|pages=288–311|publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association|doi=10.2307/1835051 |jstor=1835051 }}
  • {{cite book | last=Barrows | first=D.P. | title=A History of the Philippines | publisher=DigiCat | year=2022 | isbn=978-93-5462-590-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AgxzEAAAQBAJ }}

{{Governors-General of the Philippines}}

{{Head offices of state and government of the Philippines}}

{{Southeast Asian leaders}}

{{Lists of US Governors}}

01

Category:Captaincy General of the Philippines

Category:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands

*

Category:Defunct government positions in the Philippines

Category:People of American colonial Philippines

Category:1565 establishments in the Philippines