Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6.

D1, D2 and D3 are subclades of D4.

D1 is a basal branch of D4 that is widespread and diverse in the Americas.

Subclades D4b1, D4e1, and D4h are found both in Asia and in the Americas and are thus of special interest for the settlement of the Americas.

D2, which occurs with high frequency in some arctic and subarctic populations (especially Aleuts), is a subclade of D4e1 parallel to D4e1a and D4e1c, so it properly should be termed D4e1b.

D3, which has been found mainly in some Siberian populations and in Inuit of Canada and Greenland,{{cite journal | last1 = Helgason | first1 = Agnar | last2 = Palsson | first2 = Gisli | last3 = Sloth Pedersen | first3 = Henning | display-authors = etal | year = 2006 | title = MtDNA Variation in Inuit Populations of Greenland and Canada: Migration History and Population Structure | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 130| issue = 1| pages = 123–134| doi = 10.1002/ajpa.20313 | pmid=16353217}} is a branch of D4b1c.

D4 (3010, 8414, 14668): The subclade D4 is the most frequently occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia, such as Japanese,{{cite journal | last1 = Maruyama | first1 = Sayaka | last2 = Minaguchi | first2 = Kiyoshi | last3 = Saitou | first3 = Naruya | year = 2003 | title = Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population | journal = Int J Legal Med | volume = 117 | issue = 4| pages = 218–225 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2 | pmid = 12845447 | s2cid = 1224295 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Umetsu | first1 = Kazuo | last2 = Tanaka | first2 = Masashi | last3 = Yuasa | first3 = Isao | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations | journal = Electrophoresis | volume = 26 | issue = 1| pages = 91–98 | doi = 10.1002/elps.200406129 | pmid = 15624129 | s2cid = 44989190 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Asari | first1 = M | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population | journal = Leg Med | volume = 9| issue = 5| pages = 237–240| doi = 10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007 | pmid = 17467322 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Zheng | first1 = H-X | last2 = Yan | first2 = S | last3 = Qin | first3 = Z-D | last4 = Wang | first4 = Y | last5 = Tan | first5 = J-Z | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 10| page = e25835 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0025835 | pmid=21998705 | pmc=3188578| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...625835Z | doi-access = free }} Okinawans, Koreans,{{cite journal | pmid = 17058303 | doi=10.1002/elps.200600151 | volume=27 | issue=22 | title=East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis | journal=Electrophoresis | pages=4408–18 | last1 = Lee | first1 = HY | last2 = Yoo | first2 = JE | last3 = Park | first3 = MJ | last4 = Chung | first4 = U | last5 = Kim | first5 = CY | last6 = Shin | first6 = KJ| year=2006 | s2cid=28252456 }} northern Han Chinese (e.g. from Lanzhou{{cite journal |last1=Yao |first1=Hongbin |last2=Wang |first2=Mengge |last3=Zou |first3=Xing |last4=Li |first4=Yingxiang |last5=Yang |first5=Xiaomin |last6=Li |first6=Ailin |last7=Yeh |first7=Hui-Yuan |last8=Wang |first8=Peixin |last9=Wang |first9=Zheng |last10=Bai |first10=Jingya |last11=Guo |first11=Jianxin |last12=Chen |first12=Jinwen |last13=Ding |first13=Xiao |last14=Zhang |first14=Yan |last15=Lin |first15=Baoquan |last16=Wang |first16=Chuan-Chao |last17=He |first17=Guanglin |title=New insights into the fine-scale history of western–eastern admixture of the northwestern Chinese population in the Hexi Corridor via genome-wide genetic legacy |journal=Molecular Genetics and Genomics |date=May 2021 |volume=296 |issue=3 |pages=631–651 |doi=10.1007/s00438-021-01767-0 |pmid=33650010 |s2cid=232091731 }}), and some Mongolic- or Tungusic-speaking populations of the Hulunbuir region, such as Barghuts in Hulun Buir Aimak, Mongols and Evenks in New Barag Left Banner, and Oroqens in Oroqen Autonomous Banner.{{cite journal | last1 = Kong | first1 = Qing-Peng | last2 = Yao | first2 = Yong-Gang | last3 = Liu | first3 = Mu | display-authors = etal | year = 2003 | title = Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China | journal = Hum Genet | volume = 113 | issue = 5| pages = 391–405 | doi = 10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7 | pmid=12938036| s2cid = 6370358 }} D4 is also the most common haplogroup among the Oroks of Sakhalin, the Buryats and Khamnigans of the Buryat Republic, the Kalmyks of the Kalmyk Republic, the Telenghits and Kazakhs of the Altai Republic,{{cite journal | last1 = Derenko | first1 = M | last2 = Malyarchuk | first2 = B | last3 = Denisova | first3 = G | last4 = Perkova | first4 = M | last5 = Rogalla | first5 = U | display-authors = etal | year = 2012 | title = Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 2| page = e32179 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0032179 | pmid=22363811 | pmc=3283723| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...732179D | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | last1 = Derenko | first1 = Miroslava | last2 = Malyarchuk | first2 = Boris | last3 = Grzybowski | first3 = Tomasz | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations | journal = Am. J. Hum. Genet. | volume = 81 | issue = 5| pages = 1025–1041 | doi = 10.1086/522933 | pmid=17924343 | pmc=2265662}} and the Kyrgyz of Kyzylsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture.{{cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Yuxin |last2=Xia |first2=Zhiyu |last3=Cui |first3=Wei |last4=Chen |first4=Chong |last5=Jin |first5=Xiaoye |last6=Zhu |first6=Bofeng |title=Joint Genetic Analyses of Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Molecular Markers for a Population from Northwest China |journal=Genes |date=2020-05-18 |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=564 |doi=10.3390/genes11050564 |pmid=32443545 |pmc=7290686 |doi-access=free }} It also predominates among published samples of Paleo-Indians and individuals whose remains have been recovered from Chertovy Vorota Cave. Spread also all over China, the Himalayas, Central Asia, Siberia, and indigenous peoples of the Americas, with some cases observed in Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, and Europe.{{cite journal |last1=Malhi |first1=Ripan S. |last2=Breece |first2=Katherine E. |last3=Shook |first3=Beth A. Schultz |last4=Kaestle |first4=Frederika A. |last5=Chatters |first5=James C. |last6=Hackenberger |first6=Steven |last7=Smith |first7=David Glenn |title=Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America |journal=Human Biology |date=2004 |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=33–54 |id={{Project MUSE|53387}} |doi=10.1353/hub.2004.0023 |pmid=15222679 |s2cid=22878409 |url=https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cotsfac/394 |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |last1=Malhi |first1=Ripan S. |last2=Mortensen |first2=Holly M. |last3=Eshleman |first3=Jason A. |last4=Kemp |first4=Brian M. |last5=Lorenz |first5=Joseph G. |last6=Kaestle |first6=Frederika A. |last7=Johnson |first7=John R. |last8=Gorodezky |first8=Clara |last9=Smith |first9=David Glenn |title=Native American mtDNA prehistory in the American Southwest |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=February 2003 |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=108–124 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.10138 |pmid=12541329 |hdl=2027.42/34277 |hdl-access=free }}{{cite journal | last1 = Wen | first1 = Bo | last2 = Li | first2 = Hui | last3 = Gao | first3 = Song | display-authors = etal | year = 2005 | title = Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 22 | issue = 3| pages = 725–734 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msi055 | pmid = 15548747 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = Catherine | last2 = Soares | first2 = Pedro | last3 = Mormina | first3 = Maru | display-authors = etal | year = 2006 | title = Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 23 | issue = 12| pages = 2480–2491 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msl124 | pmid=16982817| doi-access = free | url = http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/40038/1/Phylogeography%20and%20ethnogenesis%20of%20aboriginal%20Southeast%20Asians.pdf }}{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Catherine |last2=Soares |first2=Pedro |last3=Mormina |first3=Maru |last4=Macaulay |first4=Vincent |last5=Clarke |first5=Dougie |last6=Blumbach |first6=Petya B. |last7=Vizuete-Forster |first7=Matthieu |last8=Forster |first8=Peter |last9=Bulbeck |first9=David |last10=Oppenheimer |first10=Stephen |last11=Richards |first11=Martin |title=A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=January 2007 |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=29–43 |doi=10.1086/510412 |pmid=17160892 |pmc=1876738 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Kaewsutthi | first1 = Supannee | last2 = Phasukkijwatana | first2 = Nopasak | last3 = Joyjinda | first3 = Yutthana | display-authors = etal | date = Jul 2011 | title = Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy | journal = Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci | volume = 52 | issue = 7| pages = 4742–8 | doi = 10.1167/iovs.10-5816 | pmid = 21398275 | doi-access = }}{{cite journal | last1 = Volodko | first1 = Natalia V. | last2 = Starikovskaya | first2 = Elena B. | last3 = Mazunin | first3 = Ilya O. | display-authors = etal | year = 2008 | title = Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Arctic Siberians, with Particular Reference to the Evolutionary History of Beringia and Pleistocenic Peopling of the Americas | journal = The American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 82 | issue = 5| pages = 1084–1100 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.019 | pmid = 18452887 | pmc = 2427195 }} Khattak and Kheshgi in Peshawar Valley, Pakistan{{cite journal |last1=Zubair |first1=Muhammad |last2=Hemphill |first2=Brian E. |last3=Schurr |first3=Theodore G. |last4=Tariq |first4=Muhammad |last5=Ilyas |first5=Muhammad |last6=Ahmad |first6=Habib |title=Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Khattak and Kheshgi of the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan |journal=Genetica |date=August 2020 |volume=148 |issue=3–4 |pages=195–206 |doi=10.1007/s10709-020-00095-2 |pmid=32607672 |s2cid=220287795 }}

• D4* - China, Mongol from Heilongjiang and Hebei,Guang‐Lin He, Meng‐Ge Wang, Xing Zou, Hui‐Yuan Yeh, Chang‐Hui Liu, Chao Liu, Gang Chen, and Chuan‐Chao Wang. Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity[J]. J Syst Evol, 2023, 61(1): 230-250. doi: 10.1111/jse.12827 Korea, Japan, Thailand (Lisu from Mae Hong Son Province), USA, Russia, Georgia, Iraq, Turkey, Greece

{{anchor|D1}}

• D1 – America
• D1a – Colombia
• D1a1 – Brazil (Surui, Gavião)
• D1a2 – Guaraní
• D1b – United States (Hispanic), Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
• D1c – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
• D1d
• D1d1 – United States (Hispanic), Mexican
• D1d2 – Mexican
• D1e – Brazil (Karitiana, Zoró)
• D1f – Colombia (incl. Coreguaje), Ecuador (Amerindian Kichwas from the Amazonian provinces of Pastaza, Orellana, and Napo), Peru, Mexican, USA
• D1f1 – Venezuela, Brazil (Karitiana), Tiriyó, Waiwai, Katuena
• D1f2 – Colombia
• D1f3 – Mexico, USA (Native American)
• D1g – Southern Cone of South America
• D1g1
• D1g1a
• D1g1b
• D1g2
• D1g2a
• D1g3
• D1g4
• D1g5
• D1g6
• D1h
• D1h1 – Mexican
• D1h2 – Mexican
• D1i – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
• D1i1 – Mexican
• D1i2 – Mexican
• D1j – Southern Cone of South America (incl. the Gran Chaco in Argentina)
• D1j1
• D1j1a
• D1j1a1 – Argentina
• D1j1a2
• D1k – Peru, Mexican, United States (Hispanic)
• D1m – Mexican
• D1n – United States (Hispanic), Mexico
• D1r – Peru
• D1u
• D1u1 – Peru

{{anchor|D4a}}

• D4a – China,{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Yu-Chun |last2=Ye |first2=Wei-Jian |last3=Jiang |first3=Chuan-Gui |last4=Zeng |first4=Zhen |last5=Tian |first5=Jiao-Yang |last6=Yang |first6=Li-Qin |last7=Liu |first7=Kai-Jun |last8=Kong |first8=Qing-Peng |title=River Valleys Shaped the Maternal Genetic Landscape of Han Chinese |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=2019-08-01 |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=1643–1652 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msz072 |pmid=31112995 }} Mongol from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, Northern Thailand (Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province and Lamphun Province, Phuan from Phrae Province),{{cite journal |last1=Kutanan |first1=Wibhu |last2=Kampuansai |first2=Jatupol |last3=Srikummool |first3=Metawee |last4=Kangwanpong |first4=Daoroong |last5=Ghirotto |first5=Silvia |last6=Brunelli |first6=Andrea |last7=Stoneking |first7=Mark |title=Complete mitochondrial genomes of Thai and Lao populations indicate an ancient origin of Austroasiatic groups and demic diffusion in the spread of Tai–Kadai languages |journal=Human Genetics |date=January 2017 |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=85–98 |doi=10.1007/s00439-016-1742-y |pmid=27837350 |pmc=5214972 }} Laos (Lao from Luang Prabang), Japan, Korea, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (Tajik from Ferghana),{{cite journal |last1=Ségurel |first1=Laure |last2=Martínez-Cruz |first2=Begoña |last3=Quintana-Murci |first3=Lluis |last4=Balaresque |first4=Patricia |last5=Georges |first5=Myriam |last6=Hegay |first6=Tatiana |last7=Aldashev |first7=Almaz |last8=Nasyrova |first8=Firuza |last9=Jobling |first9=Mark A. |last10=Heyer |first10=Evelyne |last11=Vitalis |first11=Renaud |title=Sex-Specific Genetic Structure and Social Organization in Central Asia: Insights from a Multi-Locus Study |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=26 September 2008 |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=e1000200 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000200 |pmid=18818760 |pmc=2535577 |doi-access=free }} Pakistan (Saraiki),{{cite journal |last1=Hayat |first1=Sikandar |last2=Akhtar |first2=Tanveer |last3=Siddiqi |first3=Muhammad Hassan |last4=Rakha |first4=Allah |last5=Haider |first5=Naeem |last6=Tayyab |first6=Muhammad |last7=Abbas |first7=Ghazanfar |last8=Ali |first8=Azam |last9=Bokhari |first9=Syed Yassir Abbas |last10=Tariq |first10=Muhammad Akram |last11=Khan |first11=Fazle Majid |title=Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences study in Saraiki population from Pakistan |journal=Legal Medicine |date=March 2015 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=140–144 |doi=10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.10.010 |pmid=25465675 }} Mongolia
• D4a1 – Japan, Korea, Negidal, Ulchi{{cite journal | last1 = Sukernik | first1 = Rem I. | last2 = Volodko | first2 = Natalia V. | last3 = Mazunin | first3 = Ilya O. | last4 = Eltsov | first4 = Nikolai P. | last5 = Dryomov | first5 = Stanislav V. | last6 = Starikovskaya | first6 = Elena B. | year = 2012 | title = Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in the Tubalar, Even, and Ulchi: Contribution to Prehistory of Native Siberians and Their Affinities to Native Americans | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | volume = 148 | issue = 1| pages = 123–138 | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.22050 | pmid = 22487888 }}
• D4a1a – Japan
• D4a1a1 – Japan, Korea
• D4a1a1a – Japan
• D4a1b – Japan, Korea
• D4a1b1 – Japan
• D4a1c – Japan, Korea
• D4a1d – Japan
• D4a1e – China, Taiwan, Dirang Monpa, Mongol from Shandong, Yakut
• D4a1e1 – Japan, Uyghurs
• D4a1f – Japan
• D4a1f1 – Japan
• D4a1g – China, Bargut
• D4a1h – Japan
• D4a2 – Japan, Korea
• D4a2a – Japan, Korea
• D4a2b – Japan
• D4a3 Mongol from Tongliao
• D4a3a
• D4a3a* – China (Henan), Korea
• D4a3a1 – China (Taihang area in Henan province,{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Jia |last2=Wang |first2=Li-Dong |last3=Sun |first3=Yan-Bo |last4=Li |first4=En-Min |last5=Xu |first5=Li-Yan |last6=Zhang |first6=Ya-Ping |last7=Yao |first7=Yong-Gang |last8=Kong |first8=Qing-Peng |title=Deciphering the Signature of Selective Constraints on Cancerous Mitochondrial Genome |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=April 2012 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=1255–1261 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msr290 |pmid=22130971 |doi-access=free }} Hunan Han, Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xiao-na |last2=Zheng |first2=Ji-long |last3=Yao |first3=Jun |last4=Dong |first4=Yue |last5=Shi |first5=Zhang-sen |last6=Wang |first6=Bao-jie |title=Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences may differentiate Yanbian Koreans in China from other Asian populations |journal=Annals of Human Biology |date=4 July 2017 |volume=44 |issue=5 |pages=464–466 |doi=10.1080/03014460.2017.1288760 |pmid=28139940 |s2cid=4630079 }})
• D4a3a2 – Japan
• D4a3b
• D4a3b* – China, Mongol from Shenyang
• D4a3b1 – Japan, Korea, China（Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, China）, Pakistan (Kalash){{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=Gohar |last2=Ilyas |first2=Muhammad |last3=Mian |first3=Bilal Ahmad |last4=Jameel |first4=Muhammad |last5=Ali |first5=Sharafat |last6=Ali |first6=Nasir |last7=Zadran |first7=Suleman Khan |last8=Muhammad |first8=Ikram |last9=Ahmad |first9=Habib |title=Frequency distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups within the Kalash population of Pakistan |journal=Meta Gene |date=June 2021 |volume=28 |pages=100893 |doi=10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100893 |s2cid=233625543 |doi-access= }}
• D4a3b2 – China, Taiwan
• D4a4 – Japan
• D4a5 - Myanmar (Shan from Kachin State), China (Zhejiang, Chamdo, Korean from Antu County, Mongol from Tongliao)
• D4a6 - China{{cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Chunhua |last2=Cui |first2=Jianhua |last3=Liu |first3=Fuyu |last4=Gao |first4=Liang |last5=Luo |first5=Yongjun |last6=Li |first6=Peng |last7=Guan |first7=Libin |last8=Gao |first8=Yuqi |title=Mitochondrial DNA 10609T Promotes Hypoxia-Induced Increase of Intracellular ROS and Is a Risk Factor of High Altitude Polycythemia |journal=PLOS ONE |date=30 January 2014 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=e87775 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0087775 |pmid=24498190 |pmc=3907523 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...987775J |doi-access=free }} (Eastern China,{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Dan |last2=Ding |first2=Yingying |last3=Lin |first3=Haijiang |last4=Chen |first4=Xiaoxiao |last5=Shen |first5=Weiwei |last6=Gao |first6=Meiyang |last7=Wei |first7=Qian |last8=Zhou |first8=Sujuan |last9=Liu |first9=Xing |last10=He |first10=Na |title=Mitochondrial Haplogroups N9 and G Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients in China |journal=AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses |date=June 2019 |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=536–543 |doi=10.1089/aid.2018.0151 |pmid=30950284 |s2cid=96435610 |doi-access=free }} Korean from Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture), Mauritius{{cite journal |last1=Fregel |first1=Rosa |last2=Seetah |first2=Krish |last3=Betancor |first3=Eva |last4=Suárez |first4=Nicolás M. |last5=Calaon |first5=Diego |last6=Čaval |first6=Saša |last7=Janoo |first7=Anwar |last8=Pestano |first8=Jose |title=Multiple Ethnic Origins of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages for the Population of Mauritius |journal=PLOS ONE |date=2014-03-27 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=e93294 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0093294 |pmid=24676463 |pmc=3968120 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...993294F |doi-access=free }}
• D4a-b
• D4a-b* – China (Han Chinese from Taizhou, Zhejiang)
• D4a7
• D4a7* – China{{cite journal |last1=Ji |first1=Qiang |last2=Cheng |first2=Xiaomin |last3=Ding |first3=Yinan |last4=Geng |first4=Huiwu |last5=Zhao |first5=Yuan |last6=Liu |first6=Gang |last7=Liu |first7=Xiaoying |title=Association of mitochondrial DNA mutations with Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) by analyzing the whole mitochondrial DNA genomes |journal=Mitochondrial DNA Part B |date=2 January 2019 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=2071–2075 |doi=10.1080/23802359.2019.1619493 |s2cid=182859930 |doi-access=free }}
• D4a7a
• D4a7a* – Taiwan{{cite journal |last1=Loo |first1=Jun-Hun |last2=Trejaut |first2=Jean A |last3=Yen |first3=Ju-Chen |last4=Chen |first4=Zong-Sian |last5=Ng |first5=Wai-Mei |last6=Huang |first6=Chin-Yuan |last7=Hsu |first7=Kuang-Nan |last8=Hung |first8=Kuo-Hua |last9=Hsiao |first9=Yachun |last10=Wei |first10=Yau-Huei |last11=Lin |first11=Marie |title=Mitochondrial DNA association study of type 2 diabetes with or without ischemic stroke in Taiwan |journal=BMC Research Notes |date=2014 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=223 |doi=10.1186/1756-0500-7-223 |pmid=24713204 |pmc=4108081 |doi-access=free }}
• D4a7a1 – Taiwan (Hakka Han from Neipu, Pingtung){{cite journal |last1=Ko |first1=Albert Min-Shan |last2=Chen |first2=Chung-Yu |last3=Fu |first3=Qiaomei |last4=Delfin |first4=Frederick |last5=Li |first5=Mingkun |last6=Chiu |first6=Hung-Lin |last7=Stoneking |first7=Mark |last8=Ko |first8=Ying-Chin |title=Early Austronesians: Into and Out Of Taiwan |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |date=6 March 2014 |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=426–436 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.02.003 |pmid=24607387 |pmc=3951936 }}
• D4a7b
• D4a7b* – Vietnam (Kinh from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam){{cite journal |last1=Poznik |first1=G. David |last2=Xue |first2=Yali |last3=Mendez |first3=Fernando L. |last4=Willems |first4=Thomas F. |last5=Massaia |first5=Andrea |last6=Wilson Sayres |first6=Melissa A. |last7=Ayub |first7=Qasim |last8=McCarthy |first8=Shane A. |last9=Narechania |first9=Apurva |last10=Kashin |first10=Seva |last11=Chen |first11=Yuan |last12=Banerjee |first12=Ruby |last13=Rodriguez-Flores |first13=Juan L. |last14=Cerezo |first14=Maria |last15=Shao |first15=Haojing |last16=Gymrek |first16=Melissa |last17=Malhotra |first17=Ankit |last18=Louzada |first18=Sandra |last19=Desalle |first19=Rob |last20=Ritchie |first20=Graham R. S. |last21=Cerveira |first21=Eliza |last22=Fitzgerald |first22=Tomas W. |last23=Garrison |first23=Erik |last24=Marcketta |first24=Anthony |last25=Mittelman |first25=David |last26=Romanovitch |first26=Mallory |last27=Zhang |first27=Chengsheng |last28=Zheng-Bradley |first28=Xiangqun |last29=Abecasis |first29=Gonçalo R. |last30=McCarroll |first30=Steven A. |last31=Flicek |first31=Paul |last32=Underhill |first32=Peter A. |last33=Coin |first33=Lachlan |last34=Zerbino |first34=Daniel R. |last35=Yang |first35=Fengtang |last36=Lee |first36=Charles |last37=Clarke |first37=Laura |last38=Auton |first38=Adam |last39=Erlich |first39=Yaniv |last40=Handsaker |first40=Robert E. |last41=Bustamante |first41=Carlos D. |last42=Tyler-Smith |first42=Chris |title=Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences |journal=Nature Genetics |date=June 2016 |volume=48 |issue=6 |pages=593–599 |doi=10.1038/ng.3559 |pmid=27111036 |pmc=4884158 }}
• D4a7b1 – China (Souther Han Chinese from Hunan), Taiwan (Minnan Han from Kaohsiung and Tsou from Alishan, Chiayi), Vietnam (Kinh from Gia Lâm District, Hanoi) {{cite journal |last1=Duong |first1=Nguyen Thuy |last2=Macholdt |first2=Enrico |last3=Ton |first3=Nguyen Dang |last4=Arias |first4=Leonardo |last5=Schröder |first5=Roland |last6=Van Phong |first6=Nguyen |last7=Thi Bich Thuy |first7=Vo |last8=Ha |first8=Nguyen Hai |last9=Thi Thu Hue |first9=Huynh |last10=Thi Xuan |first10=Nguyen |last11=Thi Phuong Oanh |first11=Kim |last12=Hien |first12=Le Thi Thu |last13=Hoang |first13=Nguyen Huy |last14=Pakendorf |first14=Brigitte |last15=Stoneking |first15=Mark |last16=Van Hai |first16=Nong |title=Complete human mtDNA genome sequences from Vietnam and the phylogeography of Mainland Southeast Asia |journal=Scientific Reports |date=3 August 2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |page=11651 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-29989-0 |pmid=30076323 |pmc=6076260 |bibcode=2018NatSR...811651D }} Singapore (Malaysian){{cite journal |last1=Wall |first1=Jeffrey D. |last2=Stawiski |first2=Eric W. |last3=Ratan |first3=Aakrosh |last4=Kim |first4=Hie Lim |last5=Kim |first5=Changhoon |last6=Gupta |first6=Ravi |last7=Suryamohan |first7=Kushal |last8=Gusareva |first8=Elena S. |last9=Purbojati |first9=Rikky Wenang |last10=Bhangale |first10=Tushar |last11=Stepanov |first11=Vadim |last12=Kharkov |first12=Vladimir |last13=Schröder |first13=Markus S. |last14=Ramprasad |first14=Vedam |last15=Tom |first15=Jennifer |last16=Durinck |first16=Steffen |last17=Bei |first17=Qixin |last18=Li |first18=Jiani |last19=Guillory |first19=Joseph |last20=Phalke |first20=Sameer |last21=Basu |first21=Analabha |last22=Stinson |first22=Jeremy |last23=Nair |first23=Sandhya |last24=Malaichamy |first24=Sivasankar |last25=Biswas |first25=Nidhan K. |last26=Chambers |first26=John C. |last27=Cheng |first27=Keith C. |last28=George |first28=Joyner T. |last29=Khor |first29=Seik Soon |last30=Kim |first30=Jong-Il |last31=Cho |first31=Belong |last32=Menon |first32=Ramesh |last33=Sattibabu |first33=Thiramsetti |last34=Bassi |first34=Akshi |last35=Deshmukh |first35=Manjari |last36=Verma |first36=Anjali |last37=Gopalan |first37=Vivek |last38=Shin |first38=Jong-Yeon |last39=Pratapneni |first39=Mahesh |last40=Santhosh |first40=Sam |last41=Tokunaga |first41=Katsushi |last42=Md-Zain |first42=Badrul M. |last43=Chan |first43=Kok Gan |last44=Parani |first44=Madasamy |last45=Natarajan |first45=Purushothaman |last46=Hauser |first46=Michael |last47=Allingham |first47=R. Rand |last48=Santiago-Turla |first48=Cecilia |last49=Ghosh |first49=Arkasubhra |last50=Gadde |first50=Santosh Gopi Krishna |last51=Fuchsberger |first51=Christian |last52=Forer |first52=Lukas |last53=Schoenherr |first53=Sebastian |last54=Sudoyo |first54=Herawati |last55=Lansing |first55=J. Stephen |last56=Friedlaender |first56=Jonathan |last57=Koki |first57=George |last58=Cox |first58=Murray P. |last59=Hammer |first59=Michael |last60=Karafet |first60=Tatiana |last61=Ang |first61=Khai C. |last62=Mehdi |first62=Syed Q. |last63=Radha |first63=Venkatesan |last64=Mohan |first64=Viswanathan |last65=Majumder |first65=Partha P. |last66=Seshagiri |first66=Somasekar |last67=Seo |first67=Jeong-Sun |last68=Schuster |first68=Stephan C. |last69=Peterson |first69=Andrew S. |title=The GenomeAsia 100K Project enables genetic discoveries across Asia |journal=Nature |date=December 2019 |volume=576 |issue=7785 |pages=106–111 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1793-z |pmid=31802016 |pmc=7054211 |bibcode=2019Natur.576..106G }}
• D4a8 – China
• D4b – Thailand (Thai from Central Thailand{{cite journal | last1 = Kutanan | first1 = Wibhu | last2 = Kampuansai | first2 = Jatupol | last3 = Changmai | first3 = Piya | display-authors = etal | year = 2018 | title = Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic variation of hunter-gatherer groups in Thailand | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 1| page = 1536 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-20020-0 | pmid = 29367746 | pmc = 5784115 | bibcode = 2018NatSR...8.1536K }})
• D4b1
• D4b1* – Russia (Tuvan from Tuva Republic, Tatarstan), Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz), China (Uyghur, Mongol from Beijing, etc.)
• D4b1a
• D4b1a* – China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia, Mongol from Heilongjiang), South Korea, Thailand (Iu Mien from Nan Province)
• D4b1a1 – South Korea, Japan
• D4b1a1a – South Korea, Japan, Kyrgyzstan
• D4b1a2 – Yukaghir, Neolithic Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug
• D4b1a2a
• D4b1a2a* – Hungary, Khamnigan, Han (Beijing)
• D4b1a2a1 – China (Bargut, Uyghur), Mongol, Kazakhstan, Karakalpak, Azeri, Turkey, Poland, Russia (Buryats in Buryat Republic and Irkutsk Oblast, Tubalars, Ayon, Yanranay, Karaginsky District), Inuit (Canada, Greenland{{cite journal |last1=Lopopolo |first1=Maria |last2=Børsting |first2=Claus |last3=Pereira |first3=Vania |last4=Morling |first4=Niels |title=A study of the peopling of Greenland using next generation sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=December 2016 |volume=161 |issue=4 |pages=698–704 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23074 |pmid=27553902 }}), Canada, Native American (USA)
• D4b1a2a2 – Buryat, Todzhins, Tuvan
• D4b1b'd
• D4b1b - China, Taiwan
• D4b1b1 – Japan
• D4b1b1a – Japan
• D4b1b1a1 – Japan
• D4b1b2 – Japan, China (Han from Zhanjiang)
• D4b1d – China (Gelao from Daozhen)
• D4b1c
• D3 – Oroqen, Buryat, Barghut, Yukaghir, Even, Evenk, Yakut, Dolgan, Nganasan, Inuit
• D3* – Buryat, Yakut, Yukaghir (Lower Indigirka River, Chukotka, etc.), Nganasan (Vadei from the Taimyr Peninsula), Even (Severo-Evensk district, Sebjan, Sakkyryyr, Berezovka), Evenk (Taimyr Peninsula), Oroqen, Mansi
• D3a – Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Stony Tunguska)
• D3b – Oroqen
• D3c
• D3c* – Buryat
• D3c1
• D3c1* – Nganasan (Avam from the Taimyr Peninsula)
• D3c1a
• D3c1a1
• D3c1a1a – Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (Neolithic Transbaikal), Bargut (modern Inner Mongolia)
• D3c1a1b – Italy (Roman Empire)
• D3c1a2 – Ust'-Dolgoe site of Glazkovo culture (Bronze Age Cis-Baikal), Onnyos burial near Amga River (Middle Neolithic central Yakutia)
• D3d – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia, Lower Indigirka River)
• D3e – Even (Tompo District of Yakutia)
• D4b2 – Japan, specimen from 4256–4071 cal YBP (Middle Jōmon period) Yokohama,{{cite journal | last1 = Takahashi | first1 = Ryohei | last2 = Koibuchi | first2 = Ryoko | last3 = Saeki | first3 = Fumiko | last4 = Hagihara | first4 = Yasuo | last5 = Yoneda | first5 = Minoru | last6 = Adachi | first6 = Noboru | last7 = Nara | first7 = Takashi | year = 2019 | title = Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeletons excavated from the Shomyoji shell midden site, Kanagawa, Japan | journal = Anthropological Science | volume = 127 | issue = 1| pages = 65–72 | doi = 10.1537/ase.190307 | doi-access = free }} China (Mongol from Hebei), Thailand (Hmong from Chiang Rai Province), India (Gallong)
• D4b2a – Japan
• D4b2a1 – Japan, China (Korean from Antu County)
• D4b2a2 – Japan, Korea
• D4b2a2a – Japan, Kyrgyzstan
• D4b2a2a1 – Japan, South Korea, China (Han from Dandong)
• D4b2a2a2 – Japan
• D4b2a2b – Japan
• D4b2b – China (Mongols from Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, Uyghurs, Tu, Tibet, etc.), South Korea, Japan, Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province), Saudi Arabia
• D4b2b1 – Japan, Korea, Buryat, Mongol from Tongliao, Uyghur, Persian
• D4b2b1a – Japan
• D4b2b1b – Japan
• D4b2b1c – Japan
• D4b2b1d – Japan
• D4b2b2 – China (Mongol from Chifeng and Heilongjiang, Tujia, Han from Lanzhou, etc.), Taiwan (Hakka)
• D4b2b2a – China, Taiwan, Vietnam (Lachi)
• D4b2b2a1 – Japan, Russia
• D4b2b2b – Russia, China, South Korea
• D4b2b2c – China, Buryat
• D4b2b3 – Japan
• D4b2b4 – Northeast India (Sherdukpen), China, Russia (Tuvan)
• D4b2b5 – Barguts, Buryat, Tibet, Taiwan
• D4b2b6 – Chinese (Shandong, Beijing, Lanzhou, Denver), Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Armenian
• D4b2b7 – China, Taiwan (Hakka)
• D4b2b8 – Uyghur
• D4b2b9
• D4b2b9* – China, Xibo
• D4b2b9a
• D4b2b9a* – Buryat
• D4b2b9a1 – China
• D4b2c
• D4b2d – Inner Mongolia (Bargut, Buryat)
• D4c
• D4c1 – Uyghur
• D4c1a – Japan, Korea
• D4c1a1 – Japan, Tashkurgan (Kyrgyz)
• D4c1b – Japan, Inner Mongolia
• D4c1b1 – Japan, Tibet
• D4c1b2 – Japan
• D4c2 – Turkmenistan, Mongol from Chifeng
• D4c2a – Uyghur (Artux), Russian Federation
• D4c2a1 – Uyghur, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Ulchi
• D4c2b – Yakut, Buryat, Bargut, Daur, Even, Uyghur, Kyrgyz, Kazakhstan, Turk, Russian, Ukraine
• D4c2c – Japan
• D4d – Japan, Korea

{{anchor|D4e}}

• D4e
• D4e1 – Taiwan, Czech Republic (West Bohemia), Austrian, Finland, USA
• D4e1a – Thailand (Mon from Nakhon Ratchasima Province), Moken, Urak Lawoi, China (Han from Lanzhou, Mongol from Inner Mongolia, etc.), Tibet, Uyghur, Korea, Japan
• D4e1a1 – Japan, Chinese
• D4e1a2 – Thailand, Sonowal Kachari
• D4e1a2a – Japan, Korea
• D4e1a3 – China (Yao from Bama, Mongol from Alxa, etc.), Thailand (Hmong, Iu Mien), Vietnam (Cờ Lao, Phù Lá)
• D2 – Uyghur, Mongol from Jilin and Chaoyang
• D2a'b
• D2a – Aleut, Tlingit
• D2a1 – Saqqaq, ancient Canada
• D2a1a – Aleut
• D2a1b – Siberian Eskimo
• D2a2 – Chukchi, Eskimo
• D2b – Yukaghir, Even (Maya River, Okhotsk Region), Mongol from Hulunbuir
• D2b1 – China, Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kalmyk, Belarus (Tatar)
• D2b1a – Buryat, Yakut, Khamnigan, Evenk
• D2b2 – Evenk, Bargut
• D2c – Buryat
• D4e1c – Mexican
• D4e2 – Japan, Korea, USA (African American)
• D4e2a – Japan, Korea
• D4e2b – Japan
• D4e2c – Japan
• D4e2d – Japan
• D4e3 – Northeast Thailand (Black Tai, Saek), China, Mongol from Shenyang and Tongliao, Lachungpa
• D4e4 – Yakut, Ulchi, Bulgaria, Poland, Russian Federation
• D4e4a – Evenk, Even, Uyghur
• D4e4a1 – Yukaghir, Evenk, Even, Mongol from Shenyang
• D4e4b – Russian, Volga Tatar
• D4e5
• D4e5a - Xinjiang (Uyghur, Kyrgyz), Russia (Altai Kizhi, Buryat), Inner Mongolia (Bargut), Iran (Qashqai), Japan (Aichi)
• D4e5b - Orok (Sakhalin), Even (Nelkan on the Maya River in the Okhotsk Region), Kyrgyz (Artux), Bashkortostan, Han Chinese (Lanzhou, Denver), Mongol from Fuxin and Heilongjiang
• D4f – Shor
• D4f1 – Japan, Korea, Mongol (Bargut, Chifeng, Chaoyang, Hebei)

{{anchor|D4g}}

• D4g
• D4g* – Japan, Korea
• D4g1 – Japan, Korea, Uyghur, Uzbekistan
• D4g1a – Japan
• D4g1b – Japan, Taiwan, Mongol from Xinjiang, Belarus
• D4g1c – Japan
• D4g2 – China, Mongols in China (Fuxin, Hinggan, Tongliao, Xilingol)
• D4g2a – Japan
• D4g2a1 – China, Thailand (Mon from Lopburi Province), Mongols in China (Bargut, Beijing, Fuxin), Buryat, Khamnigan
• D4g2a1a – Japan
• D4g2a1b – China, Thailand (Black Tai from Kanchanaburi Province, Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province)
• D4g2a1c – Thailand (Mon from Kanchanaburi Province and Ratchaburi Province), China, Wancho, Jammu and Kashmir
• D4g2b – China, Buryat
• D4g2b1 – Han Chinese, Ulchi
• D4g2b1a – Japan

{{anchor|D4h}}

• D4h
• D4h* – Thailand (Khmu from Nan Province, Htin from Phayao Province, Khon Mueang from Lampang Province), Philippines
• D4h1
• D4h1* – China
• D4h1a - Korea, China (Liaoning Han)
• D4h1a1 – Japan, Korea, China (Beijing)
• D4h1a2 – Japan, Korea, China (Liaoning, Jilin, Tianjin, Shandong)
• D4h1b
• D4h1b-G10398A - China (Hunan Han, Zhejiang), Kyrgyzstan
• D4h1b-A16241G - Japan (Tokyo, Aichi)
• D4h1c – China (incl. Tu), Tibet
• D4h1c1 – Japan, Korea, Mongol from Shenyang
• D4h1d – Bargut
• D4h2 – Ulchi
• D4h3 – Thailand (Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province){{cite journal |vauthors=Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Grzybowski T, Denisova G, Rogalla U, etal |date=2010 |title=Origin and Post-Glacial Dispersal of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups C and D in Northern Asia |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0015214 |volume=5 |issue=12 |journal=PLOS ONE |pages=e15214 |pmid=21203537 |pmc=3006427 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...515214D|doi-access=free }}
• D4h3a – South America (Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil), Mexico, USA,{{cite journal|author=Perego, Ugo A., Achilli, Alessandro, Angerhofer, Norman, Accetturo, Matteo, Pala, Maria, Olivieri, Anna, Kashani, Baharak H., Ritchie, Kathleen H., Scozzari, Rosaria, Kong, Qing-Peng, Myres, Natalie M., Salas, Antonio, Semino, Ornella, Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen, Woodward, Scott R., and Torroni, Antonio|title=Distinctive Paleo-Indian Migration Routes from Beringia Marked by Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.058|journal=Current Biology|pages=1–8|pmid=19135370|year=2009|s2cid=9729731|doi-access=free|bibcode=2009CBio...19....1P }}{{Cite journal |last1=Moreno-Mayar |first1=J. Víctor |last2=Vinner |first2=Lasse |last3=de Barros Damgaard |first3=Peter |last4=de la Fuente |first4=Constanza |last5=Chan |first5=Jeffrey |last6=Spence |first6=Jeffrey P. |last7=Allentoft |first7=Morten E. |last8=Vimala |first8=Tharsika |last9=Racimo |first9=Fernando |last10=Pinotti |first10=Thomaz |last11=Rasmussen |first11=Simon |last12=Margaryan |first12=Ashot |last13=Iraeta Orbegozo |first13=Miren |last14=Mylopotamitaki |first14=Dorothea |last15=Wooller |first15=Matthew |date=2018-12-07 |title=Early human dispersals within the Americas |journal=Science |language=en |volume=362 |issue=6419 |pages=eaav2621 |doi=10.1126/science.aav2621 |pmid=30409807 |bibcode=2018Sci...362.2621M |s2cid=53241760 |issn=0036-8075|doi-access=free |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt03v4b6mr/qt03v4b6mr.pdf?t=r7lirb }} and Colombia.{{cite thesis |last1=Arias Alvis |first1=Leonardo |title=Estudio de la variación genética en el ADN mitocondrial de nativos americanos de la Amazonía y restos óseos prehispánicos de los Andes colombianos |trans-title=Study of the genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA of Native Americans from the Amazon and pre-Hispanic bone remains from the Colombian Andes |language=es |date=10 October 2013 |hdl=10893/6021 }}
• D4h3a1 – Chile
• D4h3a1a – Chile
• D4h3a1a1 – Chile
• D4h3a1a2 – Chile
• D4h3a2 – Chile, Argentina
• D4h3a3 – Chile
• D4h3a3a – Mexico, USA
• D4h3a4 – Peru
• D4h3a5 – Chile, Peru, Argentina
• D4h3a6 – Peru, Ecuador
• D4h3a7 – ancient Canada
• D4h3a8 – Mexico
• D4h3a9 – Peru
• D4h3b – China
• D4h4 – Uyghur, Tibet, Japan, Mongol (Bayannur, Hinggan)
• D4h4a – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Buryat, Bargut
• D4i
• D4i* – Japan, Uyghur, Israel (Palestinian)
• D4i1 – Japan
• D4i2 – Uyghur, Yakut, Dolgan, Kazakh, Volga Tatar, Buryat, Bargut, Evenk (Iengra), Even, Nanai, Yukaghir, Russia, Germany, England
• D4i3
• D4i3* – Nepal (Kathmandu)
• D4i3a – China, Taiwan (Atayal)
• D4i4 – Uyghur, Tibet (Sherpa), China (Miao), Vietnam (H'Mông)
• D4i5 – Japan

{{anchor|D4j}}

• D4j – Tibet, Uyghur, Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan, Tashkurgan, Artux), Altai, Teleut, Tuvan, Buryat, Mongols in China (Bargut, Chifeng, Hohhot, Tianjin, Tongliao), China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Turkey, Italy, Czech Republic, Lithuania, Belarus
• D4j1 – Thailand (Palaung from Chiang Mai Province), Uyghur
• D4j1a – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan
• D4j1a1 – Lepcha, Gallong, Lachungpa, Sherpa, Tibet, Lahu, Thailand (Lahu from Mae Hong Son Province, Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province, Tai Yuan from Uttaradit Province), Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan
• D4j1a1a – Gallong, Tibet
• D4j1a1b – Toto
• D4j1a2 – Tibet, Ladakh
• D4j1b – Tibet, Wancho, Nepal, Thailand (Mon from Ratchaburi Province, Palaung and Khon Mueang from Chiang Mai Province), Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan)
• D4j1b2 – Gallong
• D4j2 – Lithuania, ancient Scythian (Chylenski), Yakut, Dolgan
• D4j2a – Mansi, Ket, Yakut (Vilyuy River basin){{cite journal | last1 = Duggan | first1 = AT | last2 = Whitten | first2 = M | last3 = Wiebe | first3 = V | last4 = Crawford | first4 = M | last5 = Butthof | first5 = A | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 12| page = e83570 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0083570 | pmid = 24349531 | pmc = 3861515 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...883570D | doi-access = free }}
• D4j-T16311C! – Italy, Ukraine, Lithuania
• D4j3 – Russian Federation, Uyghur, Tibet, Mongol (Hulunbuir), Japan, Thailand (Mon from Ratchaburi Province)
• D4j3a – China, Inner Mongolia (Mongol from Tongliao), Ulchi
• D4j3a1 – Japan
• D4j3b - Thailand (Lisu from Mae Hong Son Province), Tibet (Lhoba), Uyghur
• D4j11 – Japan, Inner Mongolia (Mongol from Chifeng), Buryat, Hungary, Italy
• D4j4 – Nganasan, Even (Maya River basin, NE Sakha Republic), Evenk (Nyukzha river basin, Iengra River basin)
• D4j4a – Evenk (Okhotsk region, Sakha Republic, Iengra River basin), Even (Okhotsk region), Ulchi, Buryat, Yakut (Vilyuy River basin)
• D4j5 – Italy, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Iran (Khorasan),{{cite journal | last1 = Derenko | first1 = M | last2 = Malyarchuk | first2 = B | last3 = Bahmanimehr | first3 = A | last4 = Denisova | first4 = G | last5 = Perkova | first5 = M | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 11| page = e80673 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0080673 | pmid = 24244704 | pmc = 3828245 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...880673D | doi-access = free }} Uyghur, Kyrgyz,{{cite journal |last1=Peng |first1=Min-Sheng |last2=Xu |first2=Weifang |last3=Song |first3=Jiao-Jiao |last4=Chen |first4=Xing |last5=Sulaiman |first5=Xierzhatijiang |last6=Cai |first6=Liuhong |last7=Liu |first7=He-Qun |last8=Wu |first8=Shi-Fang |last9=Gao |first9=Yun |last10=Abdulloevich |first10=Najmudinov Tojiddin |last11=Afanasevna |first11=Manilova Elena |last12=Ibrohimovich |first12=Khudoidodov Behruz |last13=Chen |first13=Xi |last14=Yang |first14=Wei-Kang |last15=Wu |first15=Miao |last16=Li |first16=Gui-Mei |last17=Yang |first17=Xing-Yan |last18=Rakha |first18=Allah |last19=Yao |first19=Yong-Gang |last20=Upur |first20=Halmurat |last21=Zhang |first21=Ya-Ping |title=Mitochondrial genomes uncover the maternal history of the Pamir populations |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=January 2018 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=124–136 |doi=10.1038/s41431-017-0028-8 |pmid=29187735 |pmc=5839027 }} Inner Mongolia, Buryat, Yakut, Yukaghir, Even (Sakha Republic), Evenk (Sakha Republic)
• D4j-T146C!
• D4j6 – China, Buryat, Dirang Monpa
• D4j13 – Volga Tatar, Kyrgyz (Artux), Uyghur, Sherpa (Shigatse)
• D4j7 – Tubalar, Mongol (Hinggan League)
• D4j7a – Buryat, Bargut
• D4j8 – China, Bargut, Buryat, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Yakut, Kazakh, Kyrgyz (Artux), Uyghur, Poland, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Scotland, Argentina
• D4j9 – Bargut, Buryat, Khamnigan, Tuvan
• D4j10 – Tubalar, Buryat, Bargut, Khamnigan, Kazakhstan, Turk
• D4j12 – Bargut, Buryat, Uyghur, Tatarstan, Belarus, Poland, Italy
• D4j14 – Japan
• D4j15 – China, Tibet, Mongols in China (Chifeng), Kazakhstan
• D4j16 – China
• D4k'o'p
• D4k – Japan, Korea, China (Qinghai, Kinh, etc.), Uyghur, Kyrgyzstan
• D4o – Teleut, Uyghur, Buryat
• D4o1
• D4o1* – Uyghur, Tubalar (Northeast Altai)
• D4o1a – Japan, Buryat
• D4o1b – Kyrgyz (Artux), Chelkan, Teleut, Khamnigan, Buryat (Buryat Republic),{{cite journal |last1=Derenko |first1=Miroslava |last2=Denisova |first2=Galina |last3=Malyarchuk |first3=Boris |last4=Dambueva |first4=Irina |last5=Bazarov |first5=Boris |title=Mitogenomic diversity and differentiation of the Buryats |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |date=January 2018 |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=71–81 |doi=10.1038/s10038-017-0370-2 |pmid=29215085 |s2cid=2760830 }} Han Chinese (N. China){{cite journal |last1=Lippold |first1=Sebastian |last2=Xu |first2=Hongyang |last3=Ko |first3=Albert |last4=Li |first4=Mingkun |last5=Renaud |first5=Gabriel |last6=Butthof |first6=Anne |last7=Schröder |first7=Roland |last8=Stoneking |first8=Mark |title=Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences |journal=Investigative Genetics |date=24 September 2014 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=13 |doi=10.1186/2041-2223-5-13 |pmid=25254093 |pmc=4174254 |s2cid=16464327 |doi-access=free }}
• D4o2 – Bargut, Yakut, Evenk (Sakha Republic), Even (Kamchatka, Sakha Republic), Koryak, Ulchi, China (Han from Lanzhou)
• D4o2* – Mongols in China (Bargut from Inner Mongolia, Mongol from Hinggan League, Mongol from Hohhot)
• D4o2a – Manchu
• D4o2a* – Uyghur, Yakut, Nganasan, Evenk (New Barag Left Banner), Even (Kamchatka), Koryak
• D4o2a1 – Negidal, Hezhen, Uyghur, China
• D4o2a2 – Yakut, Uyghur, ancient Yana River basin
• D4o2a3 – Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Buryat (Zabaykalsky Krai)
• D4p
• D4p* – Altaian, Buryat
• D4p1 – Japan
• D4p2 – Buryat
• D4l
• D4l1
• D4l1a – Japan
• D4l1a1 – Japan
• D4l1b – Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Uyghur
• D4l2 – Evenk (Nyukzha, Iengra, Taimyr), Yakut (Central, Vilyuy), Uyghur, Kazakh
• D4l2a – Even (Tompo, Sebjan), Yukaghir, Mongol (Xilingol League)
• D4l2a1 – Even (Sebjan, Sakkyryyr), Evenk (Taimyr), Yakut, Yukaghir
• D4l2a2 – Evenk, Negidal, Yukaghir
• D4l2b – China, Tibet (Lhasa)
• D4m
• D4m* – Tubalar (Northeast Altai)
• D4m1 – Japan
• D4m2 – Mongolia, Mongols in China (Hohhot, Tongliao), South Korea
• D4m2a – Nivkh, Ulchi, Yakut, Buryat, Evenk, Even, Yukaghir, South Korea
• D4m2a* – Nivkh, Buryat
• D4m2a1
• D4m2a1* – Evenk (Central Siberia)
• D4m2a1a – Evens (two from Sakkyryyr and one from Tompo), Yukaghir
• D4m2a2 – Nivkh
• D4m2a3 – Yakut
• D4m2a4 – Nivkh
• D4m2b – Tuvinian,{{cite journal | last1 = Ingman | first1 = M. | last2 = Gyllensten | first2 = U. | year = 2007 | title = Rate variation between mitochondrial domains and adaptive evolution in humans | journal = Human Molecular Genetics| volume = 16 | issue = 19| pages = 2281–2287 | doi=10.1093/hmg/ddm180| pmid = 17617636 | doi-access = free }} Daur Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Uyghur
• D4m3 – Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan,{{cite journal |last1=Marchi |first1=Nina |last2=Hegay |first2=Tatyana |last3=Mennecier |first3=Philippe |last4=Georges |first4=Myriam |last5=Laurent |first5=Romain |last6=Whitten |first6=Mark |last7=Endicott |first7=Philipp |last8=Aldashev |first8=Almaz |last9=Dorzhu |first9=Choduraa |last10=Nasyrova |first10=Firuza |last11=Chichlo |first11=Boris |last12=Ségurel |first12=Laure |last13=Heyer |first13=Evelyne |title=Sex-specific genetic diversity is shaped by cultural factors in Inner Asian human populations: Marchi et al. |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=April 2017 |volume=162 |issue=4 |pages=627–640 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.23151 |pmid=28158897 }}Artux), Uyghur
• D4n
• D4n* – Japan, Korea
• D4n1
• D4n1* – Japan
• D4n1a – Japan
• D4n2
• D4n2a – China
• D4n2b – Kyrgyz (Tashkurgan), Tibet,{{cite journal |last1=Kang |first1=Longli |last2=Zheng |first2=Hong-Xiang |last3=Zhang |first3=Menghan |last4=Yan |first4=Shi |last5=Li |first5=Lei |last6=Liu |first6=Lijun |last7=Liu |first7=Kai |last8=Hu |first8=Kang |last9=Chen |first9=Feng |last10=Ma |first10=Lifeng |last11=Qin |first11=Zhendong |last12=Wang |first12=Yi |last13=Wang |first13=Xiaofeng |last14=Jin |first14=Li |title=MtDNA analysis reveals enriched pathogenic mutations in Tibetan highlanders |journal=Scientific Reports |date=August 2016 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=31083 |doi=10.1038/srep31083 |pmid=27498855 |pmc=4976311 |bibcode=2016NatSR...631083K }} Bargut (Inner Mongolia), Buryat (Irkutsk Oblast)
• D4q – Taiwan,[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/mt-dna-haplotree/ MtDNA Haplotree at FTDNA] China, Mongols in China (Fuxin), Kyrgyz, Tajiks, India (Jammu and Kashmir), Germany, Poland, Netherlands, United States
• D4q1 – Toto
• D4q1a – Toto
• D4q2 - Kyrgyz, India (Uttar Pradesh Upper Caste Brahmin{{cite journal |last1=Mondal |first1=Mayukh |last2=Casals |first2=Ferran |last3=Xu |first3=Tina |last4=Dall'Olio |first4=Giovanni M |last5=Pybus |first5=Marc |last6=Netea |first6=Mihai G |last7=Comas |first7=David |last8=Laayouni |first8=Hafid |last9=Li |first9=Qibin |last10=Majumder |first10=Partha P |last11=Bertranpetit |first11=Jaume |title=Genomic analysis of Andamanese provides insights into ancient human migration into Asia and adaptation |journal=Nature Genetics |date=September 2016 |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=1066–1070 |doi=10.1038/ng.3621 |pmid=27455350 |hdl=10230/34401 |s2cid=205352099 |hdl-access=free }})
• D4q2a - Sherdukpen
• D4q3 - Uyghur
• D4q4 - Lhoba
• D4r – Thailand, Myanmar
• D4s
• D4s1
• D4s1* – Vietnam (Si La, Hà Nhì)
• D4s1a – Vietnam (Hà Nhì)
• D4s2 – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli, Kyrgyz)
• D4s3 – Tibet (Lhasa),{{cite journal | last1 = Ji | first1 = Fuyun | last2 = Sharpley | first2 = Mark S. | last3 = Derbeneva | first3 = Olga | display-authors = etal | year = 2012| title = Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans | journal = PNAS | volume = 109 | issue = 19| pages = 7391–7396 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1202484109 | pmid=22517755 | pmc=3358837| bibcode = 2012PNAS..109.7391J | doi-access = free }} Uyghur, Tuvinian
• D4t – China, Korea, Japan
• D4u
• D4u*
• D4u1
• D4u1* – Iran (Qashqai)
• D4u1a – Tashkurgan (Sarikoli)
• D4v – Thailand
• D4w – Japan (Tokyo), Tu
• D4x – Peru (pre-Columbian Lima)
• D4y – Vietnam (La Chí)
• D4z – China

D5'6 (16189) is mainly found in East Asia and Southeast Asia, especially in China, Korea, and Japan.{{cite journal |last1=Tanaka |first1=Masashi |last2=Cabrera |first2=Vicente M. |last3=González |first3=Ana M. |last4=Larruga |first4=José M. |last5=Takeyasu |first5=Takeshi |last6=Fuku |first6=Noriyuki |last7=Guo |first7=Li-Jun |last8=Hirose |first8=Raita |last9=Fujita |first9=Yasunori |last10=Kurata |first10=Miyuki |last11=Shinoda |first11=Ken-ichi |last12=Umetsu |first12=Kazuo |last13=Yamada |first13=Yoshiji |last14=Oshida |first14=Yoshiharu |last15=Sato |first15=Yuzo |last16=Hattori |first16=Nobutaka |last17=Mizuno |first17=Yoshikuni |last18=Arai |first18=Yasumichi |last19=Hirose |first19=Nobuyoshi |last20=Ohta |first20=Shigeo |last21=Ogawa |first21=Osamu |last22=Tanaka |first22=Yasushi |last23=Kawamori |first23=Ryuzo |last24=Shamoto-Nagai |first24=Masayo |last25=Maruyama |first25=Wakako |last26=Shimokata |first26=Hiroshi |last27=Suzuki |first27=Ryota |last28=Shimodaira |first28=Hidetoshi |title=Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan |journal=Genome Research |date=1 October 2004 |volume=14 |issue=10a |pages=1832–1850 |doi=10.1101/gr.2286304 |pmid=15466285 |pmc=524407 }}{{cite journal | last1 = Peng | first1 = Min-Sheng | last2 = He | first2 = Jun-Dong | last3 = Liu | first3 = Hai-Xin | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Ya-Ping | year = 2011| title = Tracing the legacy of the early Hainan Islanders - a perspective from mitochondrial DNA | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 2011 | issue = 11| page = 46 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-11-46| pmid = 21324107 | pmc = 3048540 | bibcode = 2011BMCEE..11...46P | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | last1 = Tabbada | first1 = Kristina A. | last2 = Trejaut | first2 = Jean | last3 = Loo | first3 = Jun-Hun | display-authors = etal | year = 2010 | title = Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia? | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 27 | issue = 1| pages = 21–31 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msp215 | pmid=19755666| doi-access = }}

It does not appear to have participated in the migration to the Americas, and frequencies in Central, North, and South Asia are generally lower, although the D5a2a2 subclade is prevalent (57/423 = 13.48%) among the Yakuts, a Turkic-speaking group that migrated to Siberia in historical times under the pressure of the Mongol expansion.{{cite journal | last1 = Fedorova | first1 = Sardana A | last2 = Reidla | first2 = Maere | last3 = Metspalu | first3 = Ene | display-authors = etal | year = 2013| title = Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 2013 | issue = 13| page = 127 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-13-127| pmid = 23782551 | pmc = 3695835 | bibcode = 2013BMCEE..13..127F | doi-access = free }}

• D5 - Taiwan (Paiwan){{cite journal |last1=Brandão |first1=Andreia |last2=Eng |first2=Ken Khong |last3=Rito |first3=Teresa |last4=Cavadas |first4=Bruno |last5=Bulbeck |first5=David |last6=Gandini |first6=Francesca |last7=Pala |first7=Maria |last8=Mormina |first8=Maru |last9=Hudson |first9=Bob |last10=White |first10=Joyce |last11=Ko |first11=Tsang-Ming |last12=Saidin |first12=Mokhtar |last13=Zafarina |first13=Zainuddin |last14=Oppenheimer |first14=Stephen |last15=Richards |first15=Martin B. |last16=Pereira |first16=Luísa |last17=Soares |first17=Pedro |title=Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia |journal=Human Genetics |date=2016 |volume=135 |issue=4 |pages=363–376 |doi=10.1007/s00439-016-1640-3 |pmid=26875094 |pmc=4796337 }}
• D5a'b (D5-A9180G) - Korean,{{cite journal |last1=Kivisild |first1=Toomas |last2=Shen |first2=Peidong |last3=Wall |first3=Dennis P |last4=Do |first4=Bao |last5=Sung |first5=Raphael |last6=Davis |first6=Karen |last7=Passarino |first7=Giuseppe |last8=Underhill |first8=Peter A |last9=Scharfe |first9=Curt |last10=Torroni |first10=Antonio |last11=Scozzari |first11=Rosaria |last12=Modiano |first12=David |last13=Coppa |first13=Alfredo |last14=de Knijff |first14=Peter |last15=Feldman |first15=Marcus |last16=Cavalli-Sforza |first16=Luca L |last17=Oefner |first17=Peter J |title=The Role of Selection in the Evolution of Human Mitochondrial Genomes |journal=Genetics |date=2006 |volume=172 |issue=1 |pages=373–387 |doi=10.1534/genetics.105.043901 |pmid=16172508 |pmc=1456165 }} Tai Yuan in Northern Thailand
• D5a - China, Korea, Japan, Buryat, Poland
• D5a1 - Japan (TMRCA 7,300 [95% CI 3,300 <-> 14,200] ybp[https://www.yfull.com/mtree/D/ YFull MTree 1.02.8328 (as of 11 March 2021)])
• D5a1a - Japan
• D5a1a1 - Japan
• D5a1a2 - Japan
• D5a2 - Gallong, Mongols in China (Baotou), Korea (TMRCA 12,500 [95% CI 8,900 <-> 17,100] ybp)
• D5a2a - Russia (Tula Oblast, Buryat), Mongols in China (Heilongjiang, Hohhot), China, Japan (TMRCA 10,400 [95% CI 7,400 <-> 14,200] ybp)
• D5a2a-T16092C - China, Korea
• D5a2a1 - Mongols in China (Tongliao, Beijing, Chifeng, Fuxin, Hohhot, Shandong), China (Han from Lanzhou, etc.), Tibet (Monpa, Deng), Vietnam (Hà Nhì), Korea, Japan (Gifu), Buryat, Tuvan, Kazakh
• D5-C16172T! - Burusho, Tubalar, Kumandin (Turochak), Todzhi (Adir-Kezhig{{cite journal |last1=Dryomov |first1=Stanislav V. |last2=Nazhmidenova |first2=Azhar M. |last3=Starikovskaya |first3=Elena B. |last4=Shalaurova |first4=Sofia A. |last5=Rohland |first5=Nadin |last6=Mallick |first6=Swapan |last7=Bernardos |first7=Rebecca |last8=Derevianko |first8=Anatoly P. |last9=Reich |first9=David |last10=Sukernik |first10=Rem I. |title=Mitochondrial genome diversity on the Central Siberian Plateau with particular reference to the prehistory of northernmost Eurasia |journal=PLOS ONE |date=28 January 2021 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=e0244228 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0244228 |pmid=33507977 |pmc=7842996 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1644228D |doi-access=free }}), Buryat (South Siberia, Inner Mongolia), Wancho, Gallong, Monpa, Myanmar (Burmese from Pakokku), Thailand (Lawa from Mae Hong Son Province), China (Han from Fujian, Miao, etc.), Taiwan
• D5a2a1a - Japan (Aichi, Chiba, etc.), China
• D5a2a1a1 - Japan (Aichi, etc.)
• D5a2a1a1a - Japan (Chiba, etc.)
• D5a2a1a1b - China (Uyghurs), Poland{{cite journal | last1 = Mielnik-Sikorska | first1 = M | last2 = Daca | first2 = P | last3 = Malyarchuk | first3 = B | last4 = Derenko | first4 = M | last5 = Skonieczna | first5 = K | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = The History of Slavs Inferred from Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 1| page = e54360 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0054360 | pmid = 23342138 | pmc = 3544712 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...854360M | doi-access = free }}
• D5a2a1a2 - Japan (Gifu, Tokyo, etc.)
• D5a2a1b - Sonowal Kachari,{{cite journal | last1 = Chandrasekar | first1 = A | last2 = Kumar | first2 = S | last3 = Sreenath | first3 = J | last4 = Sarkar | first4 = BN | last5 = Urade | first5 = BP | display-authors = etal | year = 2009 | title = Updating Phylogeny of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup M in India: Dispersal of Modern Human in South Asian Corridor | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 4 | issue = 10| page = e7447 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0007447 | pmid = 19823670 | pmc = 2757894 | bibcode = 2009PLoSO...4.7447C | doi-access = free }} Gallong, China (Han from Zhanjiang, etc.), Tibet (Lhoba, Tingri, Deng), Kyrgyz (Artux), Mongols in China (Hohhot, Tongliao)
• D5a2a1b1 - China, Taiwan (Minnan)
• D5a2a2 - Japan (Aichi), Bargut, Buryat, Kyrgyz (Artux), Tibet (Shannan), Yakut, Dolgan, Yukaghir, Evenk (Iengra, Nyukzha, Taimyr, Sakha Republic), Even (Sakha Republic) (TMRCA 3,500 [95% CI 2,300 <-> 5,000] ybp)
• D5a2b - Thailand (Iu Mien from Nan Province), Vietnam (Si La, Hà Nhì), Tibet (Deng, Sherpa), China (TMRCA 10,400 [95% CI 7,200 <-> 14,500] ybp)
• D5a3 - Tibet, Mongol (Dalian), Korea, Japan (TMRCA 11,100 [95% CI 6,300 <-> 18,100] ybp)
• D5a3a - Mongol (Hinggan League), China, Tibet, Finland
• D5a3a1 - China, Uyghur, Ukraine
• D5a3a1a - Finland, Norway (Saami), Russia (Veliky Novgorod, etc.), Mansi
• D5a3b - China, Korea (Seoul)
• D5b - Uyghur, China, Mongol (Chifeng)
• D5b1
• D5b1* - China, Uyghur, Mongol (Hulunbuir, Jilin, Tongliao)
• D5b1a
• D5b1a1 - Japan, Korea, China (Hubei, etc.)
• D5b1a2 - Japan
• D5b1b
• D5b1b* - Japan, Korea, Mongol (Baotou, Chaoyang, Heilongjiang, Nanyang, Shanxi, Tongliao)
• D5b1b1 - Japan, Korea, Uzbekistan
• D5b1b2
• D5b1b2* - Japan, Korea, Taiwan (Minnan), Uyghur
• D5b1b2a - Uyghur
• D5b1b2b - Uyghur
• D5b1b2c - Kyrgyz (Kyrgyzstan)
• D5b1b3 - Japan
• D5b1b4 - China
• D5b1c
• D5b1c* - China (Han from Kunming)
• D5b1c1 - China, Mongol (Chifeng), Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam (Kinh)
• D5b1c1* - Taiwan (Minnan, etc.)
• D5b1c1a
• D5b1c1a* - Taiwan (Amis, Puyuma, etc.), Indonesia (Manado), Chinese (Singapore)
• D5b1c1a1 - Philippines (Kankanaey, Ifugao, etc.)
• D5b1c1a2 - Philippines (Ibaloi)
• D5b1c1b - China
• D5b1c2 - Uyghur
• D5b1d - Han Chinese (Beijing), Mongol (Ordos), Yakut
• D5b1e - China
• D5b1f - China
• D5b2 - Japan
• D5b3
• D5b3* - Vietnam (Kinh, Tay), Thailand (Phuan), Laos (Lao), Taiwan (Minnan, etc.)
• D5b3a - Taiwan (Paiwan, Rukai, Puyuma)
• D5b3a1 - Taiwan (Rukai, Bunun, Paiwan, etc.)
• D5b3b - Thailand (Shan from Mae Hong Son Province, Black Tai from Kanchanaburi Province, Tai Yuan from Ratchaburi Province), Vietnam (Kinh)
• D5b4 - Thailand (Siamese, Hmong from Chiang Rai Province), Vietnam (Tay Nung, Cờ Lao, Tay, Kinh), Taiwan (Minnan, Makatao, etc.), China (Han)
• D5b5 - Uyghur
• D5c
• D5c1 - Japan, Han Chinese (Beijing)
• D5c1a - Japan, Taiwan (Minnan, etc.), China, Mongol (Tongliao), Uyghur, Tubalar, Kumandin (Turochak, Soltonsky District), Shor (Biyka, etc.), Kyrgyzstan (TMRCA 4,500 [95% CI 3,300 <-> 6,100] ybp)
• D5c-T16311C! - Vietnam (Kinh), Mongolian, China[https://www.familytreedna.com/public/mt-dna-haplotree/M MtDNA Haplotree at Family Tree DNA]
• D5c2 - China, Japan
• D6
• D6a - Philippines, East Timor
• D6a1
• D6a1* - Tibet, China, Korea, Japan
• D6a1a - China, Japan
• D6a2 - Taiwan (Atayal), Philippines
• D6c - China (She people, Han from Zhanjiang), Taiwan (Minnan), Thailand (Phutai from Kalasin Province)
• D6c1 - Philippines
• D6c1a - Philippines (Maranao)

{{refimprove|section|date=February 2024}}

{{Clear}}

• Ruth Simmons is a member of haplogroup D1.{{cite book |last=Gates Jr.|first=Henry Louis|page=203|date=2015|title=Finding Your Roots: The Official Companion to the PBS Series|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press}}
• Comedian and actress Margaret Cho is in haplogroup D5a2a1b.{{Cite episode |series=Finding Your Roots |network=PBS |date=2012-05-06 |season=1 |number=8 |language=en}}

{{Commons category|Haplogroup D (mtDNA)}}

• Genealogical DNA test
• Genetic genealogy
• Human mitochondrial genetics
• Population genetics
• Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
• Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas

{{MtDNA}}

{{Reflist|33em}}

• General
• Ian Logan's [http://www.ianlogan.co.uk/sequences_by_group/haplogroup_select.htm Mitochondrial DNA Site]
• Haplogroup D
• Mannis van Oven's [https://phylotree.org/tree/D.htm PhyloTree.org - mtDNA subtree D]
• YFull MTree's [https://www.yfull.com/mtree/D/ Haplogroup D]
• MITOMAP's [https://mitomap.org/cgi-bin/haplo_distribution?hg=D Haplogroup D]
• FamilyTreeDNA's mtDNA Haplotree: [https://www.familytreedna.com/public/mt-dna-haplotree/D Haplogroup D]
• FamilyTreeDNA's [https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/d/about/background D mtDNA Haplogroup project]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726092625/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=mm007 Spread of Haplogroup D], from National Geographic
• {{cite journal |last1=Chatters |first1=J. C. |last2=Kennett |first2=D. J. |last3=Asmerom |first3=Y. |last4=Kemp |first4=B. M. |last5=Polyak |first5=V. |last6=Blank |first6=A. N. |last7=Beddows |first7=P. A. |last8=Reinhardt |first8=E. |last9=Arroyo-Cabrales |first9=J. |last10=Bolnick |first10=D. A. |last11=Malhi |first11=R. S. |last12=Culleton |first12=B. J. |last13=Erreguerena |first13=P. L. |last14=Rissolo |first14=D. |last15=Morell-Hart |first15=S. |last16=Stafford |first16=T. W. |title=Late Pleistocene Human Skeleton and mtDNA Link Paleoamericans and Modern Native Americans |journal=Science |date=16 May 2014 |volume=344 |issue=6185 |pages=750–754 |doi=10.1126/science.1252619 |pmid=24833392 |bibcode=2014Sci...344..750C |s2cid=206556297 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haplogroup D (Mtdna)}}

D