Haplogroup O-M117

The earliest attested genealogical split within haplogroup O-M117, that between O-M133 and O-M117(xM133), is estimated to have occurred approximately 12,600 [95% CI 11,300 <-> 14,000] ybp. However, members of O-M117(xM133) are quite rare among extant humans. O-M117(xM133) has been observed in 2.2% (1/46) of the CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project. In commercial testing, O-MF1380 or O-CTS4960, which belongs to O-M117(xM133), has been found in China (Beijing, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Chongqing, Guangdong), Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Japan.[https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/O-PAGES00023/tree Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup O-M117/O-Page23 according to Family Tree DNA] O-M117(xM133) also has been found in 1.5% (2/133) of a sample collected in Daejeon, South Korea and in 1.0% (6/573) of a sample collected in Seoul, South Korea. According to 23mofang, members of O-M117(xM133) comprise a subclade called O-CTS4960 (TMRCA 8,570 ybp), which is relatively concentrated in central, eastern, and northeastern areas of China and currently accounts for approximately 0.51% of the total population of males in China.{{cite web | url=https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-CTS4960/detail | title=O-Cts4960单倍群详情 }}

The most recent common ancestor of all extant members of the O-M133 subclade, which predominates among extant members of O-M117, is estimated to have lived in a significantly less ancient era: 7,600 [95% CI 6,400 <-> 8,900] ybp according to YFull, 7,455 [95% CI 6,514 <-> 8,500] years ago according to Karmin et al. 2015, or 7,500 or 6,400 years ago (depending on which estimate of the mutation rate is used) according to Poznik et al. 2016.{{cite journal | last1 = Poznik | first1 = G. David | last2 = Xue | first2 = Yali | last3 = Mendez | first3 = Fernando L. | display-authors = etal | date = June 2016 | title = Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 48 | issue = 6| pages = 593–599 | doi = 10.1038/ng.3559 | pmid = 27111036 | pmc = 4884158 }}

Haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 has been found often in samples of Han Chinese from various parts of China: 10/34 = 29.4% O-M133 Hakka in Taiwan, 57/258 = 22.1% O-M133 miscellaneous Han volunteers in Taiwan, 4/19 = 21.1% Fujian (CHS), 12/60 = 20.0% O-M133 Minnan in Taiwan, 29/167 = 17.4% East China,{{cite journal | last1 = Yan | first1 = Shi | last2 = Wang | first2 = Chuan-Chao | last3 = Li | first3 = Hui | last4 = Li | first4 = Shi-Lin | last5 = Jin | first5 = Li | year = 2011| title = An updated tree of Y-chromosome Haplogroup O and revised phylogenetic positions of mutations P164 and PK4 | journal = European Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 19| issue = 9| pages = 1013–1015| doi = 10.1038/ejhg.2011.64 | doi-access = free | pmid = 21505448 | pmc = 3179364 }} 21/129 = 16.3% North China, 7/46 = 15.2% Beijing (CHB), 5/34 = 14.7% Chengdu, 5/35 = 14.3% Harbin, 9/65 = 13.8% South China, 7/55 = 12.7% O-M133 Fujian,{{cite journal | last1 = Trejaut | first1 = Jean A | last2 = Poloni | first2 = Estella S | last3 = Yen | first3 = Ju-Chen | last4 = Lai | first4 = Ying-Hui | last5 = Loo | first5 = Jun-Hun | last6 = Lee | first6 = Chien-Liang | last7 = He | first7 = Chun-Lin | last8 = Lin | first8 = Marie | year = 2014| title = Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia | url= | journal = BMC Genetics | volume = 2014 | issue = 15| page = 77 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2156-15-77 | pmid = 24965575 | pmc = 4083334 | doi-access = free }} 4/35 = 11.4% Meixian, 75/689 = 10.9% Pudong,Zhang, X.; Tang, Z.; Wang, B.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, G.; Tian, J.; Zhao, Y.; Yao, Z.; Tian, L.; et al. "Forensic Analysis and Genetic Structure Construction of Chinese Chongming Island Han Based on Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs." Genes 2022, 13, 1363. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13081363 3/30 = 10.0% Lanzhou, 50/530 = 9.4% Chongming Island, 2/32 = 6.3% Yili, 1/37 = 2.7% Hunan (CHS).

Members of haplogroup O-M117 also have been found among various ethnic minorities in China, such as Tibetans (13/35 = 37.1%, 45/156 = 28.8%{{cite journal | last1 = Gayden | first1 = Tenzin | last2 = Cadenas | first2 = Alicia M. | last3 = Regueiro | first3 = Maria | last4 = Singh | first4 = Nanda B. | last5 = Zhivotovsky | first5 = Lev A. | last6 = Underhill | first6 = Peter A. | last7 = Cavalli-Sforza | first7 = Luigi L. | last8 = Herrera | first8 = Rene J. | year = 2007 | title = The Himalayas as a Directional Barrier to Gene Flow | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 80 | issue = 5| pages = 884–894 | doi = 10.1086/516757 | pmid = 17436243 | pmc = 1852741 }}), Dai (13/52 = 25.0% CDX, or Chinese Dai in Xishuangbanna), She people (6/34 = 17.6%), Koreans (4/25 = 16.0% Koreans in the PRC{{cite journal | last1 = Xue | first1 = Yali | last2 = Zerjal | first2 = Tatiana | last3 = Bao | first3 = Weidong | last4 = Zhu | first4 = Suling | last5 = Shu | first5 = Qunfang | last6 = Xu | first6 = Jiujin | last7 = Du | first7 = Ruofu | last8 = Fu | first8 = Songbin | last9 = Li | first9 = Pu | last10 = Hurles | first10 = Matthew E. | last11 = Yang | first11 = Huanming | last12 = Tyler-Smith | first12 = Chris | title = Male Demography in East Asia: A North–South Contrast in Human Population Expansion Times | journal = Genetics | volume = 172 | issue = 4| pages = 2431–2439 | doi = 10.1534/genetics.105.054270 | pmid = 16489223 | pmc = 1456369 | date = April 2006 }}), Hezhe (7/45 = 15.6%), Evenks (4/26 = 15.4%), Manchu (5/35 = 14.3%), Yao in Liannan, Guangdong (5/35 = 14.3%), Mongols (5/45 = 11.1% Inner Mongolian), Qiang (3/33 = 9.1%), Daurs (3/39 = 7.7% Daur), Hani (2/34 = 5.9%), Xibe (2/41 = 4.9%), Uyghurs (3/70 = 4.3%), Oroqen (1/31 = 3.2%), Buyi (1/35 = 2.9%), and Hui (1/35 = 2.9%).

Yan et al. (2014) have estimated that 16% of the present Han Chinese should be patrilineal descendants of a certain ancestor belonging to haplogroup O-M117 who has initiated a star-like population expansion dated to the Late Neolithic (5,400 [95% CI 4,100 <-> 6,700] years before present), which the authors have dubbed "Oα."{{cite journal | vauthors = Yan S, Wang CC, Zheng HX, Wang W, Qin ZD, Wei LH, Wang Y, Pan XD, Fu WQ, He YG, Xiong LJ, Jin WF, Li SL, An Y, Li H, Jin L | display-authors = 6 | title = Y chromosomes of 40% Chinese descend from three Neolithic super-grandfathers | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 8 | pages = e105691 | year = 2014 | pmid = 25170956 | pmc = 4149484 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0105691 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j5691Y | arxiv = 1310.3897 | doi-access = free }}

According to 23mofang, haplogroup O-M117 (TMRCA 13,750 years) accounts for about 16.27% of the total male population of China,{{cite web | url=https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-M117/detail | title=O-M117单倍群详情 }} with most members of O-M117 belonging to its O-F8 subclade (TMRCA 7,280 years), this latter subclade accounting for the Y-DNA of about 15.71% of all present-day Chinese males.[https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-M117 Phylogenetic tree of human Y-DNA at 23mofang]{{cite web | url=https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/ytree/O-F8/detail | title=O-F8单倍群详情 }}

In a study of the DNA of Adivasi populations in the state of Meghalaya, Reddy et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 19.7% (14/71) Garo, 13.6% (6/44) Pnar, 11.1% (2/18) Nongtrai, 8.3% (5/60) Lyngngam, 6.9% (2/29) War-Khasi, 6.3% (4/64) Maram, 5.3% (1/19) War-Jaintia, 2.3% (2/87) Khynriam, and 0% (0/32) Bhoi. The Garo natively speak the Garo language, whereas all the other studied populations natively speak Khasic languages.{{cite journal | last1 = Reddy | first1 = BM | last2 = Langstieh | first2 = BT | last3 = Kumar | first3 = V | last4 = Nagaraja | first4 = T | last5 = Reddy | first5 = ANS | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 2 | issue = 11| page = e1141 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0001141 | pmid = 17989774 | pmc = 2065843 | bibcode = 2007PLoSO...2.1141R | doi-access = free }}

In another study that included populations in Meghalaya, Kumar et al. (2007) found O-M133 in 9.8% (9/92) Khasi and 9.1% (3/33) Garo.{{cite journal | last1 = Kumar | first1 = Vikrant | last2 = Reddy | first2 = Arimanda NS | last3 = Babu | first3 = Jagedeesh P | display-authors = etal | year = 2007 | title = Y-chromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro-Asiatic populations | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 2007 | issue = 7| page = 47 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-7-47 | pmid = 17389048 | pmc = 1851701 | bibcode = 2007BMCEE...7...47K | doi-access = free }}

A study of populations of northern West Bengal and Sikkim published in 2011 found O-M117 in 57.7% (15/26) Rabha, 47.4% (9/19) Mech, 43.1% (22/51) Rajbanshi, 41.7% (15/36) Dhimal, and 7.4% (4/54) Bengali from the northern panhandle of West Bengal and in 9.1% (1/11) of a sample of Lachungpa from Sikkim. O-M117 was not found in this study's samples of Kol (0/62), Santhal (0/51), Kharia (0/34), or Oraon (0/31) from the northern panhandle of West Bengal.{{cite journal | last1 = Debnath | first1 = Monojit | last2 = Palanichamy | first2 = Malliya G | last3 = Mitra | first3 = Bikash | last4 = Jin | first4 = Jie-Qiong | last5 = Chaudhuri | first5 = Tapas K | last6 = Zhang | first6 = Ya-Ping | year = 2011 | title = Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in the sub-Himalayan Terai and Duars populations of East India | journal = Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 56 | issue = 11| pages = 765–771 | doi = 10.1038/jhg.2011.98 | pmid = 21900945 | doi-access = free }}

A study published in the year 2000 found O-M117 in 4.3% (1/23) of a sample representing Japan.Peter A. Underhill, Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin et al., "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations," Nature Genetics • Volume 26 • November 2000 In a study published by Chinese researchers in the year 2006, O-M117 was found with high frequency (8/47 = 17.0%) in a sample of Japanese that should be from Kagawa Prefecture according to the geographical coordinates (134.0°E, 34.2°N) that have been provided (Xue et al. 2006). However, in a study published by Japanese researchers in the year 2007, the same haplogroup was found with much lower frequency (11/263 = 4.2%) in a larger sample of Japanese from various regions of Japan (Nonaka et al. 2007). (More precisely, Nonaka et al. have found O-M117 in 1/12 = 8.3% of a sample from Shizuoka, 4/52 = 7.7% of a sample from Tokyo, 2/44 = 4.5% of a sample from Chiba, 1/2 of a sample from Gifu, 1/2 of a sample from Yamanashi, 1/3 of a sample from Hiroshima, and 1/6 of a sample from Aichi.) O-M117 has been found in 8.8% (5/57) of the JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project.[https://www.yfull.com/tree/O-PAGE23/ YFull Haplogroup YTree v5.08 at 14 November 2017]

Between 11% and 15% of males in samples collected in South Korea have been found to belong to haplogroup O-M117 or O-M133 (20/133 = 15.0% Koreans in Daejeon,{{cite journal | last1 = Jin Park | first1 = Myung | last2 = Young Lee | first2 = Hwan | last3 = Ick Yang | first3 = Woo | last4 = Shin | first4 = Kyoung-Jin | year = 2012 | title = Understanding the Y chromosome variation in Korea—relevance of combined haplogroup and haplotype analyses | journal = International Journal of Legal Medicine | volume = 126 | issue = 4| pages = 589–599 | doi = 10.1007/s00414-012-0703-9 | pmid = 22569803 | s2cid = 27644576 }} 70/573 = 12.2% Koreans in Seoul, 5/43 = 11.6% Koreans in South Korea, 33/300 = 11.0% O-M133 Koreans{{cite journal | last1 = Jin Park | first1 = Myung | last2 = Young Lee | first2 = Hwan | last3 = Young Kim | first3 = Na | last4 = Young Lee | first4 = Eun | last5 = Ick Yang | first5 = Woo | last6 = Shin | first6 = Kyoung-Jin | year = 2013 | title = Y-SNP miniplexes for East Asian Y-chromosomal haplogroup determination in degraded DNA | journal = Forensic Science International: Genetics | volume = 7 | issue = 1| pages = 75–81 | doi = 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.014 | pmid = 22818129 }}).

Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in about 5% of samples of Mongols in Mongolia: 4/20 = 20.0% NE Mongolia,{{cite journal | last1 = Di Cristofaro | first1 = J | last2 = Pennarun | first2 = E | last3 = Mazières | first3 = S | last4 = Myres | first4 = NM | last5 = Lin | first5 = AA | display-authors = etal | year = 2013 | title = Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 10| page = e76748 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0076748 | pmid = 24204668 | pmc = 3799995 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...876748D | doi-access = free }} 1/18 = 5.6% central Mongolia, 3/65 = 4.6% Outer Mongolian, 1/23 = 4.3% SE Mongolia, 3/97 = 3.1% NW Mongolia.

Haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 84.4% (38/45) of a sample of Tamang, 33.3% of sample of Tharu of Chitwan and Morang, 21.2% (14/66) of a sample of Newar, and 16.9% (13/77) of a sample of the general population of Kathmandu.

In a study published in 2011, haplogroup O-M117 has been found in 7.8% (4/51) of a sample of Hmong Daw in Laos and in 5.1% (37/728) of a set of ethnic minorities who speak various Austroasiatic languages: 32.1% (9/28) Bit, 16.2% (6/37) Kataang, 14.0% (7/50) Mal, 13.7% (7/51) Khmu, 6.9% (2/29) Xinhmul, 3.3% (1/30) Alak, 2.94% (1/34) Inh, 2.86% (1/35) Talieng, 2.0% (1/50) Laven, 2.0% (1/50) Oy, 2.0% (1/50) So, 0% (0/28) Bo, 0% (0/32) Brau, 0% (0/32) Jeh, 0% (0/35) Lamet, 0% (0/35) Ngeq, 0% (0/38) Aheu, 0% (0/39) Suy, and 0% (0/45) Katu.

Kutanan et al. 2019 found O-F8/F42, which is currently considered to be phylogenetically equivalent to O-M133, in 25.0% (5/20) of a sample of Laotians from Luang Prabang and 5.0% (1/20) of a sample of Laotians from Vientiane.

In a study published in 2014, haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 13.3% (10/75) of a sample of the general population of Bangkok and in 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of Akka from Chiang Mai.

Brunelli et al. (2017) have found O-M117 in 35.0% (7/20) of Shan, 22.4% (46/205) of Khon Mueang, 22.2% (4/18) of Mon, 20.0% (5/25) of Western Lawa, 17.6% (16/91) of Tai Lue, 16.7% (4/24) of Tai Khuen, 13.6% (9/66) of Tai Yuan, and 11.5% (3/26) of Tai Yong in Northern Thailand and in 31.6% (6/19) of Tai Yuan in Central Thailand.{{cite journal | last1 = Brunelli | first1 = A | last2 = Kampuansai | first2 = J | last3 = Seielstad | first3 = M | last4 = Lomthaisong | first4 = K | last5 = Kangwanpong | first5 = D | last6 = Ghirotto | first6 = S | display-authors = etal | year = 2017 | title = Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 12 | issue = 7| page = e0181935 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0181935 | pmid = 28742125 | pmc = 5524406 | bibcode = 2017PLoSO..1281935B | doi-access = free }} However, in the same study, haplogroup O-M117 was not observed in a sample of 25 Eastern Lawa in Northern Thailand.

Kutanan et al. (2019) have found O-F8/F42 (equivalent to O-M133) in 14.75% (131/888) of a pool of samples from Thailand, including 50.0% (9/18) Palaung in Northern Thailand, 38.9% (7/18) Shan in Northern Thailand, 33.3% (20/60) Khon Mueang in Northern Thailand, 31.0% (13/42) Karen in Northern Thailand, 28.6% (6/21) Nyahkur in Northeast Thailand, 23.5% (4/17) Kaleun, 17.1% (22/129) Thai (Siamese), 16.7% (5/30) Tai Lue in Northern Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) Nyaw in Northeast Thailand, 16.7% (3/18) Blang in Northern Thailand, 15.4% (4/26) Tai Yuan, 14.3% (15/105) Mon, 14.3% (5/35) Phuan, 11.8% (2/17) Soa, 11.8% (2/17) Tai Khün, 9.4% (3/32) Western Lawa, 8.3% (3/36) Black Tai, 6.5% (4/62) Lao Isan, and 5.6% (1/18) Khmu.Wibhu Kutanan, Jatupol Kampuansai, Metawee Srikummool, Andrea Brunelli, Silvia Ghirotto, Leonardo Arias, Enrico Macholdt, Alexander Hübner, Roland Schröder, and Mark Stoneking (2019), "Contrasting paternal and maternal genetic histories of Thai and Lao populations."

Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 4/46 = 8.7% of the KHV (Kinh in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) sample of the 1000 Genomes Project. Haplogroup O-M133 has been found in 1/24 = 4.17% of a sample of people in Hanoi, Vietnam. A study published in 2011 found haplogroup O-M117 in 1/15 = 6.67% Kinh and 1/12 = 8.33% Muong.{{cite journal | last1 = Cai | first1 = X | last2 = Qin | first2 = Z | last3 = Wen | first3 = B | last4 = Xu | first4 = S | last5 = Wang | first5 = Y | display-authors = etal | year = 2011 | title = Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 8| page = e24282 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0024282 | pmid = 21904623 | pmc = 3164178 | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...624282C | doi-access = free }}

Macholdt et al. 2020 have found O-F8, which is currently considered to be phylogenetically equivalent to O-M1706 or O-M133, in 36.4% (12/33) of a sample of Hanhi from Mường Tè District, 22.2% (8/36) of a sample of Lachi from Hoàng Su Phì District, 14.9% (7/47) of a sample of Tay, 14.3% (3/21) of a sample of Phula from Xín Mần District, 12.9% (4/31) of a sample of Lahu from Mường Tè District, 8.3% (2/24) of a sample of Thai, 4.8% (2/42) of a sample of Kinh from Hanoi, 3.7% (1/27) of a sample of Giarai, 2.8% (1/36) of a sample of Pathen, and 2.7% (1/37) of a sample of Nung from Vietnam.Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, et al. (2020), "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." European Journal of Human Genetics (2020) 28:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4 All members of O-F8 among the Hanhi and Lahu of Mường Tè District belonged to the O-F2137 subclade. One Tay individual from Mường Khương District belonged to the O-F155 subclade and one Tay individual from Tràng Định District belonged to the O-F317 subclade. All other members of O-F8 belonged to the O-F8(xF155, F2137, F317) paragroup. Only one individual in this study (a Tay from Đức Trọng District) has been assigned to O-P164(xF8, F46, F4110) and therefore potentially might belong to O-M117(xF8/M133).

According to the ISOGG experiental tree, the subclades of O2ab1a1-M117 are shown below (Owen Lu et al. 2016):

• O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
• O2a2b1a1a (M133)
• O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
• O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
• O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
• O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
• O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
• O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
• O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469)
• O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
• O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
• O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
• O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
• O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
• O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
• O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
• O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
• O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
• O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
• O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
• O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
• O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
• O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
• O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
• O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
• O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
• O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730)
• O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
• O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
• O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
• O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
• O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)

{{Reflist|30em}}

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