High-speed rail in Indonesia

Concepts for high-speed rail (HSR) in Indonesia were first seriously contemplated in 2008, leading to discussions at Asian Investment Summit in 2013, and detailed plans being set forth in 2015.{{Cite web |title=Company History |url=https://kcic.co.id/en/tentang-kami/sejarah/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=Kereta Cepat Indonesia China |language=en-US}} The plan to start construction of the Jakarta-Bandung HSR was announced by the Indonesian government in July 2015, after the Chinese President and other world leaders visited the Bandung Conference.{{cite news|title=Indonesia Plans 'Beauty Contest' Between China and Japan for High-Speed Train |date=14 July 2015 |newspaper=Jakarta Globe |url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesia-plans-beauty-contest-china-japan-high-speed-train/|access-date=1 October 2015}}T. Washington Institute

Both Japan and China expressed their interest in the high-speed rail projects in Indonesia. Previously, both countries had carried out comprehensive studies into a project for the Jakarta–Bandung section ({{cvt|142.8|km}}). Only the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), had issued a study for a project extending to Surabaya ({{cvt|730|km|mi}}). The Indonesian HSR bid marked a rivalry between Japan and China in their competition for Asian infrastructure projects.{{cite news | date=1 October 2015| title=Japan's Rail Project Loss To China: Why It Matters For Abe's Economic Diplomacy And For China's | first=Stephen |last=Harner | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenharner/2015/10/01/japans-rail-project-loss-to-china-why-it-matters-for-abes-economic-diplomacy-and-for-chinas/ |access-date=4 October 2015}}

File:E5-E3-Coupling in omiya 20120526.jpg E5 series proposed by Japan]]

Since 2008, Japan has been working on a plan to export their Shinkansen high-speed railway technology to Indonesia. During the Indonesia-Japan Friendship Festival in November 2008, Japan showcased their Shinkansen technology to Indonesian audiences.{{cite web|title=JICA in Indonesia-Japan Expo 2008|url=http://www.id.emb-japan.go.jp/oda/en/topics_200901_ijexpo.htm }} The idea of high-speed rail backed by funding through soft loans has been proposed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for the Indonesian island of Java, linking up the densely populated corridor from the capital Jakarta to Surabaya ({{cvt|730|km|mi}}).{{cite news |author=Robin Harding in Tokyo, Avantika Chilkoti in Jakarta and Tom Mitchell in Beijing |date=1 October 2015 |title=Japan cries foul after Indonesia awards rail contract to China |newspaper=Financial Times |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/eca4af84-67fa-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5.html#axzz3nL45xCH2 |access-date=1 October 2015}}{{cite web|title=Java High Speed Railway Development Project (Phase I) |url=http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/asia/southeast/indonesia/c8h0vm000090vnht.html |publisher= Japan International Cooperation Agency | year=2010 |access-date=1 October 2015}} The island, similar in many respects including terrain and urban density to pre-HSR Honshu, suffered greatly from both freight and passenger congestion.{{cite news|title=Jakarta mulls high-speed rail system |author=Zakir Hussain, The Straits Times/ANN |location= Jakarta |date=28 October 2013 |newspaper=The Jakarta Post| url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/10/28/jakarta-mulls-high-speed-rail-system.html}}

The idea had been around for some years. However, a new proposal to divide the project into stages emerged, with the first stage being built from Jakarta to Bandung. The conventional travel time of 3 hours would be reduced to 35 minutes at a price of 78 trillion rupiah. JICA finished the detailed feasibility study in 2014. This succeeded an initial study in 2012. By 2013 Indonesia had been undergoing a revival in railway expansion and upgrades. High-speed corridors had been proposed but not implemented.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

Japanese domination in the high-speed rail project appeared to be unchallenged until April 2015, when China made a counter-offer.{{cite news |title=Japan loses Indonesian high-speed railway contract to China |date=30 September 2015 |newspaper=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/30/business/japan-loses-indonesian-high-speed-railway-contract-china/#.Vg1ynv4w-70 |access-date=1 October 2015 |archive-date=14 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714171441/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/09/30/business/japan-loses-indonesian-high-speed-railway-contract-china/#.Vg1ynv4w-70 }}

In March 2015, Indonesian president Joko Widodo travelled to Tokyo and Beijing. In Tokyo, from 22 to 25 March, Joko Widodo met then-Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. Widodo obtained a commitment for Japanese loan support for improving Jakarta's municipal rail network, but no progress was made on resolving issues with the Jakarta–Bandung high-speed rail project.

File:CR400AF-A-2104@SZB (20190223195502).jpg proposed by China]]

On 26 March 2015, Joko Widodo visited Beijing and met China's leader Xi Jinping. Xi publicly announced support for the Indonesian high-speed project and the two governments signed a memorandum specifying China's interest in the Jakarta–Bandung line. In April 2015, China submitted a bid for the Indonesian high-speed rail project, much to Japan's dismay.{{cite news |author=Shannon Tiezzi |date=1 October 2015 |title=It's Official: China, Not Japan, Is Building Indonesia's First High-Speed Railway |newspaper=The Diplomat |url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/its-official-china-not-japan-is-building-indonesias-first-high-speed-railway/ |access-date=1 October 2015}}

In July 2015, the Indonesian government released its plan to build the high-speed rail connecting Jakarta and Bandung, and arranged a contest between Japanese and Chinese train-makers as potential bidders. China responded by launching the Chinese High-speed Rail Technology Exposition in Senayan City shopping mall in Jakarta in August 2015.{{cite web|title=Chinese High-speed Rail Expo Held in Indonesia |date=14 August 2015 |website=CRIENGLISH.com |editor=Yu Yang |url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/08/14/3961s891576.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816233323/http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/08/14/3961s891576.htm|archive-date=August 16, 2015| access-date=4 October 2015}}

Both China and Japan have engaged in fierce competition through intense lobbying for the contract. Some, including the Jakarta Post's Craig Oehlers, have said that the fundamental reason for the two countries' competition is geostrategy, rather than economics.{{cite news|title=Race for Indonesia's high-speed railway part of a big game |author=Craig P. Oehlers |location=Jakarta |date=22 August 2015 |newspaper= The Jakarta Post |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/08/22/race-indonesia-s-high-speed-railway-part-a-big-game.html |access-date=1 October 2015}}{{cite news |author=Try Reza Essra |date=13 August 2015 |title=Kereta api cepat Tiongkok disebut canggih dan murah |trans-title=China's high-speed train called "sophisticated and cheap" |url=http://www.antaranews.com/berita/512262/kereta-api-cepat-tiongkok-disebut-canggih-dan-murah |access-date=1 October 2015 |work=Antara News |language=id}}

President Joko Widodo was expected to announce the winning bid of Indonesia's first high-speed rail project in early September 2015. However, on 3 September 2015, the Indonesian government announced that it had cancelled the high-speed rail project, and was now favouring the slower and cheaper rail alternative.{{cite news|title=Indonesia dumps plans for high-speed rail line: ambassador | newspaper=The Jakarta Post |date= 4 September 2015 | url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/04/indonesia-dumps-plans-high-speed-rail-line-ambassador.html|access-date=4 October 2015}}

In mid-September 2015, China announced it would fully meet the Indonesian government's demands and offered a new proposal that did not require Indonesia to assume any fiscal burden or debt guarantee in proceeding with the project.{{cite news |title = China chosen over Japan for Indonesian rail project |date = 29 September 2015 |work = Jiji Press |url = http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0002457868 |access-date = 6 October 2015 |archive-date = 5 October 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151005150338/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0002457868 }} Later that month, Indonesia selected China for the $5 billion project.{{cite news|title=Indonesia's Handling of High-Speed Train Project Adds to Business Confusion, Mixed messages to Japan, China come as Indonesia courts foreign investors | author=Ben Otto and Anita Rachman | date= 30 September 2015 |newspaper= The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/indonesia-to-break-ground-on-first-high-speed-railway-this-year-1443596942?mod=rss_Business |access-date=1 October 2015}}{{cite news |date=29 September 2015 |title=Indonesia to award fast train contract to China - Japanese embassy official |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-railway-idUSL3N11Z3HQ20150929 |access-date=1 October 2015}}{{cite news |date=30 September 2015 |title=Indonesia awards multi-billion-dollar railway project to China over Japan |newspaper=ABC |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-30/indonesia-awards-major-rail-contract-to-china/6818082 |access-date=1 October 2015}} Indonesia awarded the contract to China. Some analysists speculated that Beijing had outmaneuvered Tokyo on the bid as a result of a competitive financing package for Indonesia.{{cite news |author=Peter Cai |date=2 October 2015 |title=China's high-speed rail bet pays off |newspaper=Business Spectator |url=http://www.businessspectator.com.au/article/2015/10/2/china/chinas-high-speed-rail-bet-pays |access-date=2 October 2015}}

Japan's then-Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga called the Indonesian move "difficult to understand" and "extremely regrettable". The situation "can only be described as extremely deplorable," Suga also said. Indonesia's State-Owned Enterprises Minister Rini Soemarno confirmed the Chinese bid was picked instead of the Japanese plan because of its relaxed financing.{{cite news|title=Indonesia defends bidding process for high-speed rail project after Japan angered at being rejected| date= 2 October 2015 |newspaper= The Straits Times |location=Singapore |url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-defends-bidding-process-for-high-speed-rail-project-after-japan-angered-at |access-date=2 October 2015}}

China supplemented its bid by committing to establish a joint venture with Indonesian firms to produce rolling stock for high-speed rail, electric rail, light rail systems, not only for Indonesia but also for export to other Asian countries; to transfer related technology; and to renovate and rebuild train stations.

File:Interior of Premium Economy Class of KCIC400AF.jpg

In January 2016, the Indonesian transportation minister released a route permitKeputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor KP. 25 Tahun 2016 tentang Penetapan Trase Jalur Kereta Api Cepat antara Jakarta dan Bandung Lintas Halim-Tegalluar. for a high-speed railway between Jakarta and Bandung (142.8 kilometres) with stations located at Halim (Jakarta end), Karawang, Padalarang, and Tegalluar (Bandung end) with a Tegalluar depot.{{cite web |url=http://bisnis.news.viva.co.id/news/read/722232-jonan-keluarkan-izin-trase-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-rss |title=Jonan Keluarkan Izin Trase Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung |author=Siti Nuraisyah Dewi, Rizki Aulia Rachman |date=January 13, 2016}} {{convert|71.63|km|mi|adj=on}} of the track would be at ground level, {{convert|53.54|km|mi|adj=on}} would be elevated, and {{convert|15.63|km|mi|adj=on}} would be underground.{{cite web |url=http://www.rappler.com/indonesia/122108-10-hal-tentang-kereta-api-cepat-jakarta-bandung |title=10 hal yang perlu diketahui tentang Kereta Api Cepat Jakarta-Bandung |website=Rappler |date=11 February 2016 |access-date=April 5, 2017}} The concession period, the period during which only the KCIC can operate the line, is 50 years from 31 May 2019 and cannot be prolonged, except in a force majeure situation.{{cite web |url=http://www.tribunnews.com/bisnis/2016/03/17/biaya-pembangunan-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-turun |title=Biaya Pembangunan Kereta Cepat Jakarta Bandung Turun |date=March 17, 2016}} Ground was broken on the project on 21 January 2016 and was expected to be completed in September 2023. The HSR is governed by the KCIC, an organization composed 60 percent by an Indonesian consortium, and 40 percent by China Railway International.{{cite web |url=http://www.wika.co.id/detailpost/groundbreaking-of-high-speed-rail-project-jakarta-bandung |title=Groundbreaking of High Speed Rail Project Jakarta – Bandung |date=January 21, 2016}} The Jakarta–Bandung high-speed rail was planned to begin its operations in 2019.{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-16/china-to-build-high-speed-rail-line-in-indonesia-joint-venture |title=China to Build $5 Billion High-Speed Rail Line in Indonesia |website=Bloomberg News |date=October 16, 2015}}

In October 2016, the Indonesian government announced its intention to build a {{convert|600|km|mi|adj=on}} medium-high speed railway between Jakarta and Surabaya, and invited Japan to participate in this project.{{cite web|title=Pemerintah Minta Jepang Garap Proyek Kereta Jakarta-Surabaya|trans-title=Government Asked Japan To Handle Jakarta–Surabaya Railway Project|url=http://www.voaindonesia.com/a/pemerintah-minta-jepang-garap-proyek-kereta-jakarta-surabaya/3543807.html|work=VOA Indonesia|date=10 October 2016|access-date=13 October 2016}} However, almost seven years later, in July 2023 the project was cancelled due to the lack of progress. Subsequently, President Joko Widodo removed the Jakarta-Surabaya semi-high speed train from the national strategic project (PSN) towards the end of his term in 2024.{{Cite web |last=Sandi |first=Ferry |title=Kereta Semi Cepat Jakarta-Surabaya 5,5 Jam Jokowi Batal |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20230730223555-4-458548/kereta-semi-cepat-jakarta-surabaya-55-jam-jokowi-batal |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=CNBC Indonesia |language=id-ID}}

In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail construction partially finished and was set to start commercial operation starting October 2023.{{Cite web |title=Indonesia set to open Southeast Asia's 1st high-speed rail in October |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Indonesia-set-to-open-Southeast-Asia-s-1st-high-speed-rail-in-October |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}} The Jakarta-Bandung HSR began trial operation with passengers on 7 September 2023, and commercial operations on 2 October 2023.{{cite web | url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/08/08/high-speed-railway-delayed-again-but-its-for-the-better-experts-say.html | title=High-speed railway delayed again, but it's for the better, experts say - Regulations }}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=Chinese Premier Li Qiang takes a test ride on Indonesia's new high-speed railway |url=https://apnews.com/article/indonesia-china-premier-highspeed-train-trial-b6187eb3bfe139d7e34f7c6ea3c06ec0 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=AP News |language=en}}

In April 2016, five Chinese high-speed rail project workers were arrested at Halim Perdanakusuma Airbase.{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20160428195343-12-127392/lima-wn-china-yang-ditangkap-di-halim-punya-dokumen-lengkap|title=Lima WN China yang Ditangkap di Halim Punya Dokumen Lengkap|last=Sarwanto|first=Abi|work=CNN Indonesia|access-date=2018-02-27|language=en}} This incident highlighted the refusal of Indonesian Air Force to give up lands belonging to the Halim Perdanakusuma airbase in East Jakarta. It was reported that one of the railway stations would be located on land currently within Halim Airbase.{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/01/28/high-speed-rail-plan-hits-another-snag.html|title=High-speed rail plan hits another snag|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2018-02-27|language=en}}

In February 2018, Onan Hiroshi, a Japanese cartoonist, described Indonesian President Joko Widodo as a "High-speed rail beggar"{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribunnews.com/internasional/2018/02/26/wawancana-khusus-dengan-onan-hiroshi-komikus-yang-diduga-menghina-presiden-jokowi|title=Wawancara Khusus Dengan Onan Hiroshi, Komikus yang Diduga Menghina Presiden Jokowi - Tribunnews.com|work=Tribunnews.com|access-date=2018-02-27|language=id-ID}} pointing out Indonesia's request for Japan's assistance in completing the project. The cartoon quickly drew protest from Indonesian internet users, and by 25 February, the cartoonist tweeted an apology, removed the drawings, and closed the page.{{Cite news|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/japanese-artist-apologizes-after-depicting-jokowi-as-beggar-in-comic-strip/|title=Japanese Artist Apologizes After Depicting Jokowi as Beggar in Comic Strip {{!}} Jakarta Globe|date=2018-02-26|work=Jakarta Globe|access-date=2018-02-27|language=en-US}}

{{High-speed rail in Indonesia}}

11% of the railway consists of tunnel sections spanned over 13 tunnels, while 38% is set on viaducts. Tunnel 6, the longest tunnel, has a length of 4,478 meters on the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail.{{Cite web|title=Inilah 13 Tunnel Kereta Cepat Jakarta Bandung – Terpanjang 4,5 km!|url=https://tasikasik.id/5250/inilah-13-tunnel-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-terpanjang-45-km/|access-date=2023-10-01|website=tasikasik.id|date=26 July 2023 |language=id}} Halim railway station, the largest station on the railway, is situated in Makasar in East Jakarta and consists of three platforms with six track lines; it is expected to connect with LRT Jabodebek. The station has a total area of 78,315 square metres.{{Cite web|title=Rute Transjakarta ke Stasiun Kereta Cepat Whoosh Halim|url=https://news.republika.co.id/berita/s1uxz9502/rute-transjakarta-ke-stasiun-kereta-cepat-whoosh-halim#:~:text=KCIC%20menyatakan%20bahwa%20Stasiun%20KA,melayani%20masyarakat%20dan%20calon%20penumpang.|access-date=2023-10-01|website=republika.co.id| date=October 2023 |language=id}}

The railway is built on a double track and electrified, suitable for 350 km/h (220 mph).

{{Rapid transit OSM map

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There are four stations on the line.{{Cite web|title=KCIC Tambah Satu Stasiun Kereta Cepat di Padalarang|url=https://investor.id/business/kcic-tambah-satu-stasiun-kereta-cepat-di-padalarang|access-date=2021-06-05|website=investor.id|language=id}} One of them, Karawang, was officially opened in 24 December 2024.

The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail will use 11 trainsets of the derivative of CR400AF called KCIC400AF.{{Cite instagram|user=keretacepat_id|postid=CXxpo8BJCV1|title=Sobat #KeretaCepat, siapa di sini yang sudah tidak sabar menantikan 2022, serta melajunya Si Komodo Merah di Trial Run nanti?|date=22 December 2021|author=Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|language=id}}{{Cite instagram|user=keretacepat_id|postid=Cd-S_jWp95G|title=Jadi EMU KCJB memiliki nama tipe KCIC400AF, dan KCIC400AF-CIT untuk kereta inspeksinya. Hal tersebut sudah menjadi standar penamaan dari pihak konsorsium mengingat EMU dan CIT KCJB memiliki konfigurasi khusus yang menjadikannya unik dan berbeda dengan tipe lainnya.|date=25 May 2022|author=Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|language=id}} There is also one comprehensive inspection train which is also a derivative of CR400AF called KCIC400AF-CIT. All trains are manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang.

• Tegalluar Depot (Cileunyi, Bandung)

File:KCIC CIT400AF.jpg]]

The China Railway Group Limited (CREC) will form a joint venture with a consortium of Indonesia's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) led by PT Wijaya Karya Tbk in developing the first High Speed Train (HST) in the country.{{cite news| title= China Railway Construction Corp to form JV with Indonesia's Wijaya Karya for $5.5b HST |author = Vincencia NLS |newspaper = Deal Street Asia | date = 2 October 2015 |url=http://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/china-railway-construction-corp-to-build-5-5b-hst-in-jv-with-indonesias-wijaya-karya-14322/ |access-date =6 October 2015}}

On Friday, 16 October 2015, Chinese and Indonesian state-owned companies officially signed the deal to build the first high-speed railway in Indonesia.{{cite news|title =China, Indonesia sign $5.5 bn high-speed rail deal | work =Yahoo News and AFP |date =16 October 2015 |url =https://uk.news.yahoo.com/china-indonesia-sign-5-5-071454843.html#hHd8fHL |access-date =16 October 2015}} The project cost was estimated to be US$5.5 billion (80 trillion rupiah). The deal was signed by China Railway International Co. Ltd. Chairman Yang Zhongmin and Dwi Windarto, the president director of a consortium of Indonesian state companies, PT Pilar Sinergi BUMN Indonesia.{{cite news|title =China, domestic companies to build Indonesia high-speed rail | work =Yahoo News and AFP | author = Niniek Karmini |date =16 October 2015 |url =https://news.yahoo.com/china-domestic-companies-build-indonesia-high-speed-rail-074832090--finance.html |access-date =16 October 2015}} China Development Bank has given a commitment to fund 75 percent of the project costs with loan terms of 40 years for the loan—with an initial grace period of 10 years—with fixed loan rate. CRCC will hold majority shares in the planned JV company, while WIKA holds 30 percent and small portions for local toll operator PT Jasa Marga Tbk (IDX: JSMR), train operator PT Kereta Api Indonesia and plantation company PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII.

In August 2016, it was reported that the China Development Bank had not yet disbursed funds for the loan and that KCIC, the consortium executing the project, was not sure when funds would become available."High-Speed Train Held Up by Chinese Credit",Tempo, 4 September 2016.{{Update inline|date=April 2025}}

• January: Indonesian president Joko Widodo attended a ground breaking ceremony near Jakarta and announced that the project had commenced.
• May: Continual delays in acquiring land were being reported. The president of the Indonesian joint venture firm managing the project KCIC, Hanggoro Budi Wiryawan, expressed frustration at the Department of Transport requirement that all of the land needed for the project (estimated to be 600 ha) be acquired before final construction permits could be issued. Hanggoro argued that it was more usual for construction permits to be issued when just 10% of the required land for a project had been acquired. He said that the delays in the Department of Transport were unreasonable. Issues surrounding acquisition of land were complicated by the fact that the main station at the Jakarta end was planned to be on land occupied by the Indonesian Air Force at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport. It was not clear whether the Air Force was prepared to release the land.
• August: The Minister for State-Owned Enterprises, Rini Soemarno, said that the process of issuing permits for the project was running smoothly after earlier delays. She said that she believed that construction on the railway could start within a week.
• November: 82 percent of land needed has been acquired, but bank funding will only be attainable after 100 percent land is acquired.{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/11/11/economy-brief-kcic-negotiates-land-clearance-with-cdb.html |title=Economy in brief: KCIC negotiates land clearance with CDB |date=November 11, 2016}}

• March: The project is stalled due to land, finance and security issues. Among others is the Indonesian Air Force reluctance to release 49 hectares of the lands surrounding Halim Perdanakusuma Airbase on the south-eastern outskirts of Jakarta for the construction of the station.{{cite news | work = Asia Times | title = Indonesia high-speed train, backed by China, comes untracked, President Joko Widodo's signature infrastructure project has stalled for a host of familiar reasons, including resistance from the powerful military | author = John McBeth | date = 28 March 2017 | url = https://asiatimes.com/article/indonesia-high-speed-train-backed-china-comes-untracked/}}
• April: PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China (KCIC) and High-Speed Railway Contractor Consortium (KSRCC) signed an engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract on the Jakarta – Bandung bullet train on April 4, 2017. Contractors will proceed with construction following the contract signing.{{Cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/04/05/056862802/Contractors-Sign-Jakarta---Bandung-Bullet-Train-Agreement|title=Contractors Sign Jakarta - Bandung Bullet Train Agreement}}

• January: The Jakarta Post referred to the project as "stagnant" and Maritime Affairs Coordinating Minister Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan announced that a review would be conducted to consider whether a high-speed rail system really was needed between Jakarta and Bandung because "the cities are only 140 kilometres apart."'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/01/10/indonesia-to-review-jakarta-bandung-railway-project.html Indonesia to review Jakarta-Bandung railway project'], The Jakarta Post, 10 January 2018.
• March: It was reported that government agencies (the National Land Agency and the Agrarian and Spatial Planning Ministry) suspected that there had been maladministration in the acquisition of over 1,800 plots of land for the project. As a result, approval of permits for the use of land for the project had been delayed.'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/03/16/jakarta-bandung-railway-project-stuck-in-land-acquisition-stage.html Jakarta-Bandung railway project stuck in land acquisition stage'], The Jakarta Post, 16 March 2018.
• April: State-owned enterprises minister Rini Soemarno, on a visit to Beijing, said that project construction would start in the coming month, May, and that she hoped that perhaps construction could start even sooner. She also said that she hoped land acquisition could be completed by the end of May.'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/04/05/construction-of-high-speed-railway-starts-in-may-minister.html Construction of high-speed railway starts in May: Minister'], The Jakarta Post, 5 April 2018.
• July: Three lawsuits received legal approval from the courts to proceed with claims seeking compensation for their properties affected by the project. Meanwhile, KCIC said that the progress of the project would not be affected by the lawsuits. The main financier of the project, China Development Bank, had disbursed $170 million in May and was due to disburse another $1.1 billion before the end of July.'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/07/11/three-lawsuits-to-proceed-against-bandung-jakarta-train-project.html Three Lawsuits to proceed against Bandung-Jakarta train project'], The Jakarta Post, 11 July 2018.
• August: Beginning construction after a cooperation contract was signed with Cars Dardela Joint Operation as construction supervisor for the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Train Project.'[https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1666961/lini-masa-proyek-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-dijadwalkan-beroperasi-juni-2023 Three Lawsuits to proceed against Bandung-Jakarta train project'], Tempo, 11 December 2022.

• March: The boring machine arrived and was assembled. Drilling started under the Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road between KM 3+600 - KM5+800. Progress Reached 13%'[http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/03/27/kebut-proyek-kereta-api-cepat-jakarta-bandung-bor-raksasa-asal-tiongkok-didatangkan Chinese drilling machines is currently underway in High speed train project ']{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Warta Kota.Tribun News, 27 March 2019.
• May: The Walini tunnel become the first breakthrough tunnel in the high speed rail projects. Celebrated by many group of minister including a Minister of State-Owned Enterprises Rini Soemarno and the West Java Governor Ridwan Kamil. According to Rini Soemarno, progress reached 17.5% but estimated to be 59% in late 2019,'[https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/05/15/terowongan-walini-608-meter-jalur-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-sudah-tembus-perkebunan-maswati?page=2 The Walini Tunnel has made a First Breaktrought in High Speed Rail Project '], Warta Kota, Tribun News, 15 May 2019 and land acquisition was almost 100%. Ridwan Kamil hoped to commence the high speed rail operation in 2021.{{Cite web|url=https://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2019/05/15/terowongan-walini-608-meter-jalur-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-sudah-tembus-perkebunan-maswati|title=Terowongan Walini 608 Meter Jalur Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Sudah Tembus Perkebunan Maswati|website=Warta Kota|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-09-24}}
• September: The construction progress reached 32.8% and land acquisition progress reached 99.0%.{{cite web |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20190911112931-92-429404/pembebasan-lahan-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-capai-99-persen |title=Pembebasan Lahan Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Capai 99 Persen |work=ekonomi |date=September 11, 2019}}
• October: Construction progress 38.2%.{{cite news|url=https://en.netralnews.com/news/business/read/27582/construction.of.jakarta.bandung.bullet.train.reaches.382.percent|title=Construction of Jakarta-Bandung Bullet Train Reaches 38.2 Percent|newspaper=Netral News|access-date=21 October 2019|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801222802/https://en.netralnews.com/news/business/read/27582/construction.of.jakarta.bandung.bullet.train.reaches.382.percent}}

In mid-February 2020, construction progress reached 44 percent and land acquisitions reach 99.96 percent.{{cite web |url=https://money.kompas.com/read/2020/02/23/200300926/menhub--akhir-2021-ka-cepat-jakarta-bandung-sudah-beroperasi |title=Menhub: Akhir 2021, KA Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Sudah Beroperasi |website=Kompas |author=Kiki Safitri |date=February 23, 2020 |language=id}} Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, work of the project has been halted temporarily, resulting in the delay of the targeted finish of construction and start of the operation.{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/15/jakarta-bandung-high-speed-railway-project-delayed-amid-pandemic.html|title=Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway project delayed amid pandemic |website=The Jakarta Post |author=Dzulfiqar Fathur Rahman |date=April 15, 2020}} Three months later, construction progress reached 48.3 percent and the construction works resumed, which follow government's health and safety measures, such as social/physical distancing in response to the pandemic.{{cite web |url=https://properti.kompas.com/read/2020/05/14/210000021/kabar-proyek-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-saat-ini-sudah-48-3-persen |title=Kabar Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta Bandung Saat Ini Sudah 48,3 Persen |website=Kompas |author=Putri Zakia Salsabila |date=May 14, 2020 |language=id}} In September, Director of KCIC Xin Xuezhong stated that construction progress reached 60 percent and land acquisitions reached 100 percent.{{cite web |url=https://m.bisnis.com/ekonomi-bisnis/read/20200902/98/1286495/sudah-60-persen-proyek-kereta-cepat-diharapkan-tak-hanya-kejar-tayang |title=Sudah 60 Persen, Proyek Kereta Cepat Diharapkan Tak Hanya Kejar Tayang |website=Bisnis.com |author=Anitana Widya Puspa |date=September 2, 2020| access-date=September 18, 2020 |language=id}}{{cite web |url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1381992/direktur-kcic-sebut-progress-proyek-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-60-persen/full?view=ok |title=Direktur KCIC Sebut Progress Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta - Bandung 60 Persen |website=Tempo.co |author=Bisnis |editor=Rr. Ariyani Yakti Widyastuti |date=September 2, 2020| access-date=September 18, 2020 |language=id}}

• April: The General Manager of Material Equipment of PT KCIC stated that until March 2021 the construction of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Rail has reached 70 percent and is expected to be completed by the end of 2022.{{cite web |url=https://foto.tempo.co/read/87992/progres-pembangunan-proyek-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung |title=Progres pembangunan proyek kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung |website=Tempo |first=Fardi |last=Bestari |date=13 April 2021 |language=id}}
• November: The construction progress reaches 79%.{{cite web |title=Update Pembangunan Kereta Cepat Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung, Progres Sudah 79 Persen |url= https://www.tribunnews.com/bisnis/2021/11/05/update-pembangunan-kereta-cepat-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-progres-sudah-79-persen |website=Tribunnews.com |access-date=21 November 2021 |language=id}}

File:KCIC 400 Series.jpg

• September: KCIC received the first delivery of KCIC400AF trainsets in Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-02 |title=Akhirnya! Rangkaian Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Tiba di Tanjung Priok |url=https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20220902/98/1573562/akhirnya-rangkaian-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-tiba-di-tanjung-priok |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Bisnis.com |language=id}}
• November: During the G20 Summit in Bali, President Jokowi and Xi remotely attended the trial run of CIT400AF inspection train, which ended a series of its maiden powered runs on HSR tracks to the west of Tegalluar station.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-16 |title=Ujicoba Kereta Cepat Jakarta Bandung di Tegalluar Kabupaten Bandung |url=https://republika.co.id/share/rlfudw314 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}
• December: A track laying machine and a DF4B locomotive used in the construction of the railway derailed in West Bandung west of Padalarang station, killing 2 workers and injuring another four. As result, track laying activities were temporarily halted while other construction works were allowed to continue.{{Cite web |title=KCIC's DF4B and a track installer (?) machine has been derailed this afternoon (18/12) at Padalarang area. |url=https://twitter.com/metro95_/status/1604434475894870016 |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=Twitter |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=2 WNA China Meninggal Akibat Kecelakaan di Jalur Kereta Cepat - Nasional Katadata.co.id |url=https://katadata.co.id/ira/berita/639ff715dc440/2-wna-china-meninggal-akibat-kecelakaan-di-jalur-kereta-cepat |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=katadata.co.id |language=id}}

According to the Jakarta Post, Dwiyana Slamet Riyadi, the president director of KCIC, said that based on a 2022 third-party review, demand for the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail line had fallen to 31,215 passenger trips per day, just over half of the 61,157 estimated in a 2017 feasibility study.{{Cite web |title=Indonesian Capital Plan Throws China-Backed Rail Link Into Disarray |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/02/indonesian-capital-plan-throws-china-backed-rail-link-into-disarray/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}

File:Whoosh High-speed Train Departing Padalarang for Tegalluar (aft).jpg

File:KCIC400AF at Kopo, Bound for Halim (cropped).jpg

• May: Starting Monday, 22 May 2023, KCIC is gradually increasing the travel speed of the Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train (KCJB). This is done during the test or testing and commissioning of the train. With the comprehensive inspection train (CIT), the speed of the train was increased from the previous average of {{cvt|60 to 180|km/h|0}}. The increase in the speed or speed of the trial can finally be done after all the initial preparations for testing and commissioning have been successfully completed.{{Cite web |title=Kecepatan Uji Coba Kereta Cepat Dinaikkan jadi 180 Km per Jam, Berapa Waktu Tempuh Jakarta-Bandung? |url=https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1729220/kecepatan-uji-coba-kereta-cepat-dinaikkan-jadi-180-km-per-jam-berapa-waktu-tempuh-jakarta-bandung |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=tempo.co |date=24 May 2023 |language=id |last1=Ariyani Yakti Widyastuti |first1=Rr }}
• June: The speed level of the Jakarta-Bandung High Speed Train (KCJB) continued to increase during the trial period. For the first time the train reached a maximum speed of {{cvt|385|km/h|0}} in a test on Thursday, 22 June 2023. The trial was attended by Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs and Investment Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan and Minister of Transportation Budi Karya Sumadi. Luhut and Budi Karya tried KCJB from Halim Station, Jakarta, to Padalarang Station and Tegalluar Station, Bandung, round trip. The top speed has reached its maximum at {{cvt|385|km/h|0}}.{{Cite web |title=Laju Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Tembus 385 Km per Jam |url=https://www.republika.id/posts/42307/laju-kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-tembus-385-km-per-jam |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=Republika|language=id}}
• June: The next trial was connecting the two train series was carried out to test reliability if it runs together as a form of anticipation if passengers boom. At certain moments, the train can be combined to increase the transport capacity. Mainly to anticipate a surge in passengers during high season, such as Eid al-Fitr, Christmas and New Year's homecoming, long holidays, and others.{{Cite web |title=Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Bandung Tarik 16 Gerbong, Bisa Angkut 1.200 Orang |url=https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6791807/kereta-cepat-jakarta-bandung-tarik-16-gerbong-bisa-angkut-1200-orang |access-date=2023-09-07 |website=Detik.com |language=id}}
• September: The High Speed Rail officially opened on Thursday after CCTV announced the opening after many delays of the opening of the line.
• October: The Line commenced operations on 17 October. 124,000 people rode on the Whoosh between October 17 and November 1.{{Cite web |title=Whoosh High-speed Train to Make 28 Trips a Day Starting November: KCIC |url=https://en.tempo.co/read/1790115/whoosh-high-speed-train-to-make-28-trips-a-day-starting-november-kcic |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=en.tempo.co |date=29 October 2023 |language=en}}
• November: daily trip schedule has been increased to 14 round-trip pairs (for a total of 28 trips) offering 16,828 seats, due to high demand as seen from the high number of ticket sales. The number of passengers has since reached 21,312 people on Sunday, November 12, 2023, with an occupancy rate of 98.5%. As a response to this strong demand, PT. Kereta Cepat Indonesia China has increased the number of Whoosh round-trip pairs to 18 per day on the weekends, for a total of 36 trips.{{Cite web |title=Jumlah Penumpang KCIC Whoosh Capai 21 Ribu orang Sehari |url=https://www.suarainvestor.com/jumlah-penumpang-kcic-whoosh-capai-21-ribu-orang-sehari/ |access-date=2023-11-13 |website=suarainvestor.com |date=13 November 2023 |language=id}}
• December: The Whoosh high speed train has served 1,028,216 passengers during 2 months of commercial operation from 17 October to 25 December 2023. The highest number of passengers served in one day has reached 21,500 passengers per day, including during the current year-end holiday period. This achievement shows the high public interest in modern and reliable public transportation in Indonesia with travel time efficiency and comfort.{{Cite web |last=Dewi |first=Intan Rakhmayanti |date=26 December 2023 |title=Kereta Cepat Whoosh Tembus 1 Juta Penumpang dalam Dua Bulan |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231226131718-4-500336/kereta-cepat-whoosh-tembus-1-juta-penumpang-dalam-dua-bulan |access-date=2023-12-27 |website=cnbcindonesia.com |language=id}}

In 2023, Indonesian and Chinese authorities discussed further plans to extend the railway across the Java island.{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-premier-completes-trial-run-indonesias-first-high-speed-rail-2023-09-06/ |title=China, Indonesia discuss extending Jakarta high-speed railway |website=Reuters |date=6 September 2023 |first=Stefanno |last=Sulaiman }}{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesias-high-speed-rail-set-launch-september-authorities-look-surabaya-phase-two-3697766 |title=With Indonesia's high-speed rail set to launch in September, authorities look to Surabaya for phase two |website=CNA |date=14 August 2023 |first=Saifulbahri |last=Ismail }} It is estimated that Phase 2 will shorten the travel time between Jakarta and Surabaya from 8 to 13 hours by regular trains to 3.5 hours.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20231031175019-17-485285/sah-kereta-cepat-jakarta-surabaya-digarap-china |title=Sah! Kereta Cepat Jakarta Surabaya Digarap China |website=cnbcindonesia.com|date=1 November 2023 |first=Romys |last=Binekasri}}

Based on the study conducted by PT KCIC, several alternative plans for extension routes have been prepared, with continuing routes from Tegalluar near Bandung to Surabaya. Three routes have been considered, namely the southern route, the central route, and the northern route. First is the southern route of Bandung-Surabaya via Kroya and Yogyakarta. The distance is 629.5 km with 13 stations that can be reached in 180 minutes. Second, the central route via Cirebon and Purwokerto. The distance is 679.2 km through 15 stations with a travel time of 193 minutes. Third, the northern route via Cirebon and Semarang with a length of 642 km passing 14 stations, with travel time approximately 184 minutes. The latest recommendation from PT KCIC consultants suggests that the southern route will be considered as the main option, mainly because it will cut the travel time of the Jakarta-Surabaya train service from 10.46 hours by regular train to only 3 hours by high-speed rail.{{Cite web |last=Prasetyo|first=Aris |date=23 December 2024 |title=Bagaimana Perkembangan Proyek Kereta Cepat Jakarta-Surabaya? |url=https://www.kompas.id/artikel/bagaimana-perkembangan-proyek-kereta-cepat-jakarta-surabaya |access-date=2025-01-07 |website=Kompas.id |language=id}}

• High-speed rail in Asia
• Greater Jakarta Integrated Mass Transit System
• Jabodebek LRT
• KCJB Feeder Train
• KAI Commuter Line Bandung
• Rail transport in Indonesia

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://ticket.kcic.co.id/ Official website] (Whoosh)
• [https://kcic.co.id/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906041429/https://kcic.co.id/en/ |date=2023-09-06 }} (Kereta Cepat Indonesia China)
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCa1w5R0sME NHK: China defeats Japan in high speed railway project in Indonesia]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOlLENTSwMY VOA News: Fast and Furious: China, Japan Battle for High-Speed Rail (On Assignment)]

{{High-speed rail}}

{{High-speed railway lines}}

{{Urban Transit in Indonesia}}

{{Urban Rail Transit in ASEAN}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indonesia high-speed railway}}

Indonesia

Category:High-speed rail in Indonesia

Category:Rail transport in Indonesia

Category:Standard-gauge railways in Indonesia

Category:Rail transport in Jakarta

Category:Transport in West Java

Category:Transport in Bandung