Industrial metal#Industrial thrash and death metal

Though electric guitars had been used by industrial artists since the early days of the genre,{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}} archetypal industrial groups such as Throbbing Gristle displayed a strong anti-rock stance.{{Sfn|Paytress|1995|pp=92, 94}} British post-punk band Killing Joke pioneered the crossing over between styles{{sfn|Chantler|2002|p=54}} and was an influence on major acts associated with industrial metal such as Ministry, Godflesh, and Nine Inch Nails.{{Cite magazine |last=Bennett, J. |date=July 2007 |title=Killing Joke |url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jul2007/killingjoke.aspx |magazine=Decibel Magazine |issue=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315022956/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jul2007/killingjoke.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2008 |access-date=9 September 2017 }}{{Cite magazine |last=Bennett, J. |date=June 2007 |title=Skinny Puppy / Among industrial music band's fans are Trent Reznor and Marilyn Manson, and once you're in, it's a lifelong commitment |url=https://www.sfgate.com/thingstodo/article/Skinny-Puppy-Among-industrial-music-band-s-fans-2585209.php |magazine=SFGate |issue=33 }} Another pioneer industrial rock group, Big Black, also impacted some later groups.{{sfn|Chantler|2002|p=54}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jul/18/electronicmusic|title=Till deaf us do part|author=Chick, Stevie|date=18 July 2008|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909185843/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jul/18/electronicmusic|archive-date=9 September 2017}}

By the late 1980s industrial and heavy metal began to fuse into a common genre,{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}} with Godflesh's self-titled EP{{Cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=godflesh-mw0000204753|pure_url=yes}} |title=Godflesh – Godflesh |last=Walters |first=Martin |website=AllMusic |publisher=All Media Network |access-date=15 September 2017 }} and Ministry's The Land of Rape and Honey at the forefront. Godflesh was founded by former Napalm Death guitarist Justin Broadrick.{{Cite magazine |last=Bartkewicz, Anthony |date=March 2007 |title=Justin Broadrick |url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx |magazine=Decibel Magazine |issue=29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223185218/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/mar2007/justinbroadrick.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2008 |access-date=9 September 2017 }} Drawing from a wide array of influences—power electronics forefathers Whitehouse,{{sfn|Kaye|1992|p=16}} noise rock band Swans,{{cite news|url=http://www.metrospirit.com/index.php?ShowArticle_ID=11012410074046204&cat=1993101070588705 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210144406/http://www.metrospirit.com/index.php?ShowArticle_ID=11012410074046204&cat=1993101070588705 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 February 2009 |title=Justin Broadrick: Existing through risk |author=Ruffin, Josh |date=23 October 2007 |newspaper=Metro Spirit|volume = 19|issue=13 |access-date=9 September 2017}} ambient music creator Brian Eno and fellow Birmingham hard rockers Black Sabbath{{sfn|Pettigrew|1991|p=22}}—the Godflesh sound was once described as "Pornography-era The Cure on Quaaludes".{{sfn|Thompson|1994|p=44}} Though not a top seller,{{sfn|Mudrian|2004|p=186}} Godflesh nonetheless became an influential act, their name mentioned by Korn,{{sfn|Yates|2001|p=19}} Metallica,{{sfn|Alexander|1995|p=52}} Danzig,{{cite magazine|url= http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jan2007/glenndanzig.aspx|title= Glenn Danzig|author= Bennett, J.|date=January 2007|magazine= Decibel Magazine|issue=27|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080223185159/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/features/jan2007/glenndanzig.aspx |archive-date = 23 February 2008}} Faith No More,{{sfn|Mörat|1990|p=14}} and Fear Factory.{{sfn|Yates|2001|p=19}}

Ministry emerged from the scene surrounding Wax Trax! Records, a Chicago indie label dedicated to industrial music.{{sfn|Blush|2001|p=223}} Ministry's initial foray into guitar rock happened during a recording session of The Land of Rape and Honey on Southern Studios, in London.{{sfn|Gill|1996|p=88}} The band's frontman, the Cuban-born Al Jourgensen, explained this transition:{{sfn|The Ministry of Noise|1989|p=49}}

{{Blockquote |quote=Rediscovering the guitar on this record was almost like the first day I got my Fairlight. The possibilities just seemed endless on something that had seemed so limiting before. That's really funny. I started out as a guitarist, but I hadn't really touched a guitar in five years. Then I heard that first feedback come out of the Marshall stack and all of a sudden it was like there was a whole new parameter within guitar playing itself – especially in combination with sounds that you get out of a keyboard.}}

File:Rev cocks.jpg]]

Jourgensen seemed particularly fond of thrash metal. After the release of Land, he recruited guitarist Mike Scaccia from Texas thrashers Rigor Mortis.{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=mn0000955452|pure_url=yes}}|author=Whitney Z. Gomes|title=Mike Scaccia|work=AllMusic|publisher=All Media Network|access-date=9 September 2017}} On one occasion, Jourgensen told the press that Sepultura was his favorite band.{{sfn|Barcinski|1992|p=27}} He also expressed the desire to produce a Metallica album.{{sfn|Gitter|1990|p=77}} Jourgensen's interest in dance-oriented electronic music did not entirely fade, however; he also formed the side-project Revolting Cocks, a more electronic body music-inflected collaboration with Richard23 of Front 242.{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/revolting-cocks-mn0000888100/biography|title=Revolting Cocks — Biography|author=Jeffries, David|work=Allmusic|publisher=All Media Network|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729194242/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/revolting-cocks-mn0000888100/biography|archive-date=29 July 2017}}

German band KMFDM was another seminal industrial metal group. Although not a metal fan, KMFDM leader Sascha Konietzko's "infatuation with ripping off metal licks" stemmed from his experiments with E-mu's Emax sampler in late 1986. He told Guitar World that,{{sfn|Di Perna A|1995|p=69}}

{{blockquote|It was just interesting to use it as a kind of white noise reinforcement for our music. All of a sudden heavy metal was free from all those tempo changes and boring attitudes it always had. What I always hated most about heavy metal was that the best riffs came only once and were never repeated. So the fascination, actually, was to sample a great riff, loop it, and play it over and over again.}}

A Swiss trio, The Young Gods, brushed with the style on their second album, L'Eau Rouge (1989). Prior to its release, singer Franz Treichler declared:{{sfn|Reynolds|1988|p=28}}

{{blockquote|We just wanted to hear guitars. We missed the attack of 'Envoyé'. That's what we want to hear right now, pure power. A metal sound that isn't revivalist, isn't biker style, speed metal style, any style, just WHAP!}}

Canadian thrash metal band Malhavoc became one of the earlier acts of the genre when they began to mix extreme metal with industrial music in the late 1980s.{{cite web |last1=Rivadavia |first1=Eduardo |title=Malhavoc |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/malhavoc-mn0000563159/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=25 December 2020}}{{cite web |title=Malhavoc Is Back |url=https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/malhavoc-is-back/ |website=Blabbermouth.net |access-date=25 December 2020 |date=23 March 2007}}

Pigface, formed by Martin Atkins and including Ministry drummer Bill Rieflin, emerged as an industrial metal collective of sorts, participating with many figures from the noise rock and industrial worlds.{{Cite web |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=pigface-mn0000340462/biography|pure_url=yes}} |title=Pigface — Biography |last1=Prato |first1=Greg |last2=Erlewine |first2=Stephen Thomas |author-link2=Stephen Thomas Erlewine |website=AllMusic |publisher=All Media Network |access-date=9 September 2017}} Nine Inch Nails, the "one-man-band" formed by Trent Reznor, brought the genre to mainstream audiences with albums such as the Grammy-winning Broken{{Cite web |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/winners-nominees/214 |title=Winners: Best Metal Performance |website=grammy.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312025815/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=nine%20inch%20nails&year=0&genreID=0&hp=1 |archive-date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=9 September 2017 }} and the best-selling The Downward Spiral, accompanied by their groundbreaking performance at Woodstock '94. The rivethead subculture also developed at this time,{{cite web |url= http://www.re-constriction.com |title= Re-Constriction |publisher= Cargoland! |access-date= 11 September 2007 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021047/http://www.re-constriction.com/ |archive-date= 30 September 2007 }} along with the so-called "coldwave" subgenre, which encompassed Chemlab, 16 Volt, and Acumen Nation.Ilker Yücel, interview with Jared Louche, ReGen Magazine, 20 January 2008. {{cite web|url=http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-214-Chemlab.html |title=Interview :: Chemlab - on the Cover of the Noisepaper |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070142/http://www.regenmag.com/Interviews-214-Chemlab.html |archive-date=9 May 2008 }} Access date: 28 December 2008. Some electro-industrial groups adopted industrial metal techniques in this period, including Skinny Puppy (on their Rabies, co-produced by Jourgensen),{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/rabies-mw0000654322 |title=Rabies — Overview |last=DiGravina |first=Tim |website=Allmusic |publisher=All Media Network |access-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829042637/http://www.allmusic.com/album/rabies-mw0000654322 |archive-date=29 August 2017 }} and Front Line Assembly.{{Cite web |url=http://www.lastsigh.com/interviews99/fla98.htm |title=Front Line Assembly – Bill Leeb – An Interview |last=Semczuk |first=Karine |date=31 October 1998 |publisher=Last Sigh Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010710184010/http://www.lastsigh.com/interviews99/fla98.htm |archive-date=10 July 2001 |access-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}

British band Pitchshifter, formed in 1989 by brothers Jon and Mark Clayden, also started as an industrial metal band.{{cite web |url=http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+kingdom/nottinghamshire/nottingham/pitchshifter |title=MusicMight :: Artists :: Pitchshifter |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203005613/http://www.musicmight.com/artist/united+kingdom/nottinghamshire/nottingham/pitchshifter |archive-date=3 December 2013 }} The band later included elements of drum and bass.{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pitchshifter-mn0000851240/biography |title=Pitchshifter — Biography |last=Swihart |first=Stanton |website=allmusic |access-date=9 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909192725/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pitchshifter-mn0000851240/biography |archive-date=9 September 2017 }} Frontman JS mentions:{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=Craig|title=earpollution profiles – pitchshifter [page 2]|volume=1|url=http://www.earpollution.com/issuezero/profiles/pitchshifter2.html|magazine=Earpollution|access-date=9 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909190438/http://www.earpollution.com/issuezero/profiles/pitchshifter2.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}

{{blockquote|[...]In the early days we were inspired by bands like Head of David and Swans and the like... coming out of punk into the weird, angry, total noise, kind of pre-industrial music. It gets called industrial but I don't know if it really is.}}

{{distinguish|Death industrial}}

Industrial metal's popularity led a number of successful thrash metal groups, including Megadeth, Sepultura, and Anthrax, to request remixes by "industrial" artists.{{sfn|Arnopp A|1993|p=41}} Some musicians emerging from the death metal scene, such as Fear Factory, Nailbomb, Autokrator and Meathook Seed, also began to experiment with industrial. Fear Factory, from Los Angeles,{{Cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography |title=Fear Factory — Biography |last=Huey |first=Steve |website=AllMusic |publisher=All Media Network |access-date=15 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107051807/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/fear-factory-mn0000167320/biography |archive-date=7 January 2016 }} were initially influenced by the Earache roster (namely Godflesh, Napalm Death and Bolt Thrower).{{cite AV media|people= Cordero, Amber (director)|date=18 December 2001|title= Fear Factory: Digital Connectivity|medium = motion picture|location = United States of America|publisher= Roadrunner Records}} The German band Oomph! after their second album Sperm started to play industrial metal combined with elements of death metal and groove metal until the album Plastik. Sepultura singer Max Cavalera's Nailbomb, a collaboration with Alex Newport, also practiced a combination of extreme metal and industrial production techniques.{{cite web|author=Jeff Maki|work=Live-Metal.net|year=2007|url=http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html |title=Revisited – Nailbomb – Point Blank|access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225084617/http://www.live-metal.net/revisited_nailbomb.html |archive-date=25 December 2008 }} A lesser-known example of industrial death metal is Meathook Seed, made up of members of Napalm Death and the Florida death metal group Obituary. An industrial music fan, Obituary guitarist Trevor Peres suggested drum machines for The End Complete,{{sfn|Arnopp B|1993|p=44}} Obituary's most successful album.{{cite web|url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|title=It's Official: Cannibal Corpse Are The Top-Selling Death Metal Band Of The SoundScan Era|date=17 November 2003|publisher=blabbdermouth.net |access-date=13 September 2017|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602230201/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=16769|archive-date=2 June 2008}} The other band members' refusal led him to form Meathook Seed.{{sfn|Arnopp B|1993|p=44}}

In the early years of the 21st century, groups from the black metal scene began to incorporate elements of industrial music. Mysticum, formed in 1991,Marty Rytkonen, Mysticum interview, Worm Gear No. 8, {{cite web |url=http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html |title=Mysticum Interview |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014037/http://www.fmp666.com/moonlight/mysticum2.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 }} Access date: 11 January 2009. was the first of these groups.Roel F., Interview with Treachery, Lords of Metal issue 87, December 2008. [http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=2438&lang=en] Access date: 3 December 2008. DHG (Dødheimsgard), Thorns from Norway and Blut Aus Nord, N.K.V.D. and Blacklodge from France, have been acclaimed for their incorporation of industrial elements.Chris Dick, "Blut Aus Nord", Decibel, December 2006. {{cite web|url=http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx |title=Decibel Magazine |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205141318/http://www.decibelmagazine.com/upfront/dec2006/blutausnord.aspx |archive-date=5 February 2007 }} Access date: 22 July 2008. Other industrial black metal musicians include Aborym,Gothtronic. {{cite web |url=http://www.gothtronic.com/?page=23&band=777 |title=Gothtronic | Music | Bands |access-date=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207214210/http://gothtronic.com/?page=23&band=777 |archive-date=7 February 2010 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. and ...And Oceans.Globaldomination, 26 September 2007. {{cite web|url=http://www.globaldomination.se/reviews/and-oceans-amgod |title=Global Domination | Reviews | ...And Oceans: A.M.G.O.D. |access-date=25 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111013457/http://www.globaldomination.se/reviews/and-oceans-amgod |archive-date=11 November 2009 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. In addition, The Kovenant,Antti J. Ravelin, Nexus Polaris review, Allmusic. [{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r343514|pure_url=yes}}] Access date: 11 January 2009. Mortiis and Ulver emerged from the Norwegian black metal scene, but later chose to experiment with industrial music.Stefanos Zachariadis, Blood Inside review, Metal Invader, 3 May 2005. {{cite web|url=http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1914.html|title=Metal Invader ( Ulver - Blood Inside [featured album] ) Review |access-date=18 June 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230459/http://www.metal-invader.com/db/reviews-1914.html|archive-date=27 September 2007 }} Access date: 9 January 2009.Mark Hensch, Some Kind of Heroin review, Thrashpit. {{cite web |url=http://www.rocknworld.com/thrashpit/reviews/07/Mortiis-SomeKindofHeroinMH.shtml |title=Mortiis - Some Kind of Heroin Review - Thrashpit.com |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218111610/http://www.rocknworld.com/thrashpit/reviews/07/Mortiis-SomeKindofHeroinMH.shtml |archive-date=18 December 2014 }} Access date: 9 January 2009.

Several artists with their roots in progressive music, though not often associated with industrial metal scene, also incorporated industrial textures into their music. Later-era King Crimson, whose 2000s albums were referred as "industrial art metal",Langdon Hickman, A Beginner's Guide to the epic music of King Crimson. {{cite web |url=https://www.treblezine.com/beginners-guide-king-crimson/|title=Beginner's Guide: The best King Crimson albums to start with |date=24 June 2019 |access-date=15 September 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624153819/https://www.treblezine.com/beginners-guide-king-crimson/ |archive-date=24 June 2019 }} Access date: 15 September 2019. and OSI can be named as examples of progressive industrial metal. Several acts associated with extreme metal subgenres also mix progressive and avant-garde metal with industrial, those include the Hungarian experimental metal act Thy Catafalque,Thy Catafalque – Geometria Review {{cite web |url=https://www.angrymetalguy.com/thy-catafalque-geometria-review/|title=Thy Catafalque - Geometria Review |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=15 September 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612134949/http://www.angrymetalguy.com/thy-catafalque-geometria-review/|archive-date=12 June 2018 }} Access date: 15 September 2019. Blut aus Nord and Norwegian band Shining with their critically acclaimed Blackjazz album, which blended progressive rock,{{Cite web|title=Blackjazz review|url=http://www.popmatters.com/pm/review/119585-shining-blackjazz/|first=Adrien|last=Begrand|date=3 February 2010|access-date=30 April 2010|work=PopMatters|publisher=PopMatters Media}} black metal, free jazz and industrial.{{Cite web|title=Blackjazz review|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1709437|pure_url=yes}}|first=Phil|last=Freeman|access-date=30 April 2010|work=Allmusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation}} Canadian artist Devin Townsend, the founder of industrial thrash metal{{AllMusic |class=album |id=city-mw0000616904 |access-date=22 August 2011 }} band Strapping Young Lad, later fused industrial with progressive metal during his prolific solo career.{{Cite web|title=Ocean Machine: Biomech review|url=http://www.metalstorm.net/pub/review.php?review_id=5211|publisher=MetalStorm}} Danish band The Interbeing have also fused industrial with progressive metal.{{cite web|url=https://distortedsoundmag.com/album-review-among-the-amorphous-the-interbeing/ |title=ALBUM REVIEW: Among the Amorphous – The Interbeing |website=Metal Storm |date=2017-06-21 |accessdate=2025-01-20}}

{{Distinguish|Cold wave (music)|chillwave}}

{{Infobox music genre

| name = Coldwave

| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Industrial metal|hard rock|acid house|cyberpunk|pop|punk rock}}

|cultural_origins = Early-1990s

|derivatives =

|fusiongenres =

|subgenrelist =

|subgenres =

|regional_scenes =

|other_topics =

• Synth-rock
• synth-metal
• synth-pop

}}

Coldwave is a subgenre of industrial metal originating in the 1990s. It has its roots in acts like Nine Inch Nails and Ministry. The style focuses on heavier, punk-based guitars, sampled hard rock-like guitars, synthesizer accompaniment, and acid house elements. Lyrical content is typically cyberpunk-oriented with pop music sensibilities, although it can vary.

Chemlab's 1993 album Burn Out at the Hydrogen Bar is often considered the album that defined the coldwave style.{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_y5LAAAAYAAJ |title=Chemlab |journal=Option |publisher=Sonic Options Network |date=1995 |volume=60-63 |issue=65 |pages=23–24 |accessdate=July 28, 2020}}{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZY7AQAAIAAJ |title=Chemlab: Burn Out at the Hydrogen Bar |journal=Mix |publisher=Mix Publications |date=1993 |volume=17 |issue=10–12 |pages=250 |accessdate=July 28, 2020}}{{cite book |first=Nicolae |last=Sfetcu |author-link=Michelle Vogel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXyFAwAAQBAJ |title=The Music Sound |publisher=Nicolae Sfetcu |date=May 7, 2014 |page=222 |accessdate=July 28, 2019}}{{cite book |first=Steven |last=Blush |author-link=Steven Blush |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ezTpDAAAQBAJ |title=New York Rock: From the Rise of The Velvet Underground to the Fall of CBGB |publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group |date=October 4, 2016 |page=348 |isbn=9781250083616 |accessdate=July 28, 2019}}{{cite book |first=Leonard |last=Kreger II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hrgsL0SWXToC |title=The Downward Spiral: Beginnings and Endings |publisher=Xlibris Corporation LLC |date=July 10, 2012 |page=331 |isbn=9781450098922 |accessdate=July 28, 2019}}

Artists like the aforementioned Chemlab, 16 Volt and Acumen Nation exemplified this genre.

The coldwave style began to wane rapidly when industrial music in general started to lose popularity in the latter half of the 1990s-early 2000's. Many artists within the genre moved on to different styles that included; Hard rock, heavy metal, nu metal, cyber metal, synth-metal, synth-rock, and synth-pop among other genres.

Coldwave today is a small, niche scene within industrial music. Very few bands today describe themselves or are described as coldwave. Bands like Cyanotic and Medicant Downline are perhaps the exception.

Despite sharing the same name as the French genre, it is otherwise unrelated.

{{Infobox music genre

| name = Cyber metal

| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Industrial metal|EBM|aggrotech|extreme metal|symphonic metal}}

| cultural_origins = Mid-late 1990s and early 2000s, United States, Scandinavia, Switzerland, and Finland

| instruments =

| other_topics =

}}

Cyber metal is a subgenre of industrial metal which incorporates numerous elements found predominantly in EBM and Aggrotech, including the use of more melodic and less repetitive riffs, in opposition to mostly metallic and mechanical sound of industrial music, first coined by Fear Factory in the mid-90s.[http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/fear-factory-to-release-genexus-album-in-august/ BlabberMouth] The Kovenant[https://metalbite.com/interviews/335/the-kovenant-with-lex-icon-vocalsbass Interview: The Kovenant with Lex Icon (vocals/bass) : MetalBite - Heavy Metal Magazine] was the first band to develop cyber metal with some of its more well-known aspects: harsh vocals, extreme guitar melodies, and symphonic keyboards. A wave of other bands described as cyber metal would follow, including Deathstars,[https://www.metalexpressradio.com/2006/01/27/deathstars-termination-bliss/ DEATHSTARS – Termination Bliss] Mnemic,[https://deadrhetoric.com/features/mnemic-shock-injected/ Mnemic – Shock-Injected]{{Cite web|url=https://chroniclesofchaos.com/articles.aspx?id=2-4472|publisher=Chronicles of Chaos|title=CoC : Mnemic - Passenger : Review|author=Jackie Smit|accessdate=4 January 2025}} Sybreed,[https://www.planetmosh.com/sybreed-interviewed/ SYBREED interviewed. – PlanetMosh]{{cite web | url = https://www.metal.de/reviews/sybreed-slave-design-8783/ | title = Sybreed - Slave Design | date = October 9, 2007 | accessdate = January 4, 2025}} Turmion Kätilöt,[https://www.metalorgie.com/news/166073-turmion-kaetiloet-cyber-metal-finlande-vient Turmion Kätilöt Cyber Metal (Finland) has just released Omen X] Illidiance,{{cite web|url=https://brutalism.com/interview/interview-with-dmitry-of-illidiance|title=Interview with Dmitry of Illidiance|website=Brutalism|access-date=January 16, 2025|date=April 25, 2010}} Cypecore,{{Cite web |date=2020-05-25 |title=CYPECORE RELEASE "DREAMSMASHER" MUSIC VIDEO!|url=https://bravewords.com/news/cypecore-release-dreamsmasher-music-video|access-date=2023-01-29|website=Bravewords}}{{Cite web |date=April 2018 |title=Aux Portes Du Metal : Chronique d'album metal Cypecore The Alliance (Cyber Mélodeath) - Album Review|url=https://www.auxportesdumetal.com/reviews/Cypecore/cypecore-thealliance.html|access-date=2025-01-22|website=Aux Portes Du Metal}} Mechina,{{cite web|url=https://metalstorm.net/pub/review.php?review_id=16635 |title=Mechina - Siege review |website=Metal Storm |date=2021-02-02 |accessdate=2025-01-09}}{{cite web|url=https://metalstorm.net/pub/review.php?review_id=17386 |title=Mechina - Venator review |website=Metal Storm |date=2022-01-04 |accessdate=2025-01-09}} A Dark Halo,{{cite web|url=https://metalplanetmusic.com/2023/07/a-dark-halo-release-new-video-for-thin-be-the-veil/|title=A DARK HALO Release New Video For "Thin Be The Veil"|access-date=April 14, 2025}} and Neurotech.{{cite web|url=https://metalinjection.net/bandcamp-buried-treasure/slovenias-neurotech-crafts-heavy-cyber-metal-with-a-very-human-twist |title=Slovenia's NEUROTECH Crafts Heavy Cyber Metal With A Very Human Twist |website=Metal Injection |date=2014-05-02 |accessdate=2025-01-14}}{{cite web|url=https://metalstorm.net/pub/review.php?review_id=16749 |title=Neurotech - Solace review |website=Metal Storm |date=2021-03-20 |accessdate=2025-01-09}}

{{Main|Industrial rock sales and awards}}

File:NIN2009torontoVFEST.png in concert, 2009]]

File:Rammstein Live at Madison Square Garden.jpg

Industrial metal blossomed in the early 1990s, particularly in North America,{{sfn|Wiederhorn|1994|p=64}} where it would eventually sell close to 35 million units.{{cite web

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|archive-date=26 June 2007 }} It first became a commercial force in 1992 when Nine Inch Nails' Broken and Ministry's Psalm 69 went platinum in America, though the latter took three years to reach that status. Both groups were nominated for the Best Metal Performance in the 1992 Grammy Awards, with Nine Inch Nails winning. Two years later, Nine Inch Nails released The Downward Spiral, which debuted at No. 2,{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/charts/1994-03-26/billboard-200|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard charts|access-date= 5 January 2008|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508150323/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1994-03-26/billboard-200|archive-date= 8 May 2013}} and would eventually go quadruple-platinum. This record is considered by AllMusic as "one of the bleakest multi-platinum albums ever".{{cite web|url= {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p5033|pure_url=yes}}|title= (((Nine Inch Nails > Biography)))|author= Huey, Steve|website= allmusic|access-date=9 January 2009}}

{{Blockquote|text=Overall, popular heavy rock music has changed to become more "industrialized". This robbed the industrial hardcore movement of any hopes of establishing a new identity of its own. The style is dead (or at least dying); the elements of the style continue on in new musical settings.|source=David A. Locher, Professor of Sociology, Missouri State University, 1998{{cite book|editor=Jonathan S. Epstein|author=David A. Locher|chapter=The Industrial Identity Crisis: The Failure of a Newly Forming Subculture to Identify Itself|title=Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/youthcultureiden00epst/page/100|chapter-url-access=registration|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell Publishers|year=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/youthcultureiden00epst/page/100 100–117]|isbn=1-55786-851-4|via=the Internet Archive}}{{rp|115}}}}

Following Nine Inch Nails' success, Marilyn Manson, led by a protégé of Reznor's,Staff. (10 May 2000) [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431688/20000510/marilyn_manson.jhtml Manson, Reznor mend fences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001122313/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1431688/20000510/marilyn_manson.jhtml |date=1 October 2008 }} MTV. Retrieved 1 March 2009. came to prominence.{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/antichrist-superstar-mw0000188724|title=Antichrist Superstar review|author=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|website=Allmusic|access-date=1 March 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525142511/http://www.allmusic.com/album/antichrist-superstar-mw0000188724|archive-date=25 May 2016}} The group's live performance and its transgressive appeal was often more commented on than their music.{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/marilyn-manson-mn0000825251/biography|title=Marilyn Manson — Biography|author=Jason Ankeny|website=Allmusic|access-date=1 March 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426172735/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/marilyn-manson-mn0000825251/biography|archive-date=26 April 2015}}

Industrial metal reached its commercial zenith in the latter half of the 1990s – according to the RIAA databases, its top-selling artists sold around 17.5 million units combined.Groups such as Fear Factory, Filter, Marilyn Manson, Ministry, Nine Inch Nails, Orgy, Rammstein, Stabbing Westward, Static-X and White Zombie, plus Rob Zombie's solo career. Records by major industrial metal artists routinely debuted on the top spots of the Billboard 200 chart: Rob Zombie's Hellbilly Deluxe (No. 5),{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/charts/1998-09-12/billboard-200|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard Music Charts|access-date= 2 January 2008|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508160520/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1998-09-12/billboard-200|archive-date= 8 May 2013}} Marilyn Manson's Antichrist Superstar (No. 3),[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=antichrist-superstar-r241643/charts-awards|pure_url=yes}} Antichrist Superstar Allmusic Billboard charts & awards]. Allmusic.com. Retrieved 30 November 2010. and Nine Inch Nails' The Fragile (No. 1).{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard Music Charts|access-date= 2 January 2008|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508141952/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|archive-date= 8 May 2013}} A number of industrial metal albums performed well on Billboard's Heatseekers chart: Filter's Short Bus (No. 3),{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3020133&cdi=6938407&cid=05%2F13%2F1995|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard Music Charts|access-date= 5 January 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Stabbing Westward's Wither Blister Burn + Peel (No. 1),{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3022498&cdi=7026482&cid=02%2F10%2F1996|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Rammstein's Sehnsucht (No. 2),{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3030569&cdi=7317884&cid=05%2F02%2F1998|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Orgy's Candyass (No. 1),{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3031649&cdi=7355790&cid=09%2F05%2F1998|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard Music Charts|access-date= 5 January 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} and Static-X's Wisconsin Death Trip (No. 1).{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=294&cfgn=Albums&cfn=Heatseekers&ci=3035445&cdi=7492857&cid=09%2F25%2F1999|title=Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher=Billboard Music Charts|access-date=5 January 2008}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

During this era, Trent Reznor was chosen by Time as one of the most influential Americans of 1997.{{cite magazine|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206,00.html|title= Time's 25 most influential americans|date= 21 April 1997|magazine= TIME|access-date= 14 December 2007|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080107103639/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,986206,00.html|archive-date= 7 January 2008}} The genre's popularity was such that established glam metal groups, including Guns N' Roses and Mötley Crüe, began to dabble in the style.New GNR.com [http://www.newgnr.com/band/finck.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102115514/http://www.newgnr.com/band/finck.html|date=2 November 2016}} Access date: 4 August 2008.Dave De Sylvia, Generation Swine review, [http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=2790] Access date: 4 August 2008. Figures from the hip hop scene also began to seek out collaborations with and remixes from industrial metal musicians.{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427395/19980115/puff_daddy.jhtml|title= Puffy Remixed By Reznor, Deftones, Mascis|date= 15 January 1998|publisher= MTV|access-date= 21 October 2007|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081222051737/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427395/19980115/puff_daddy.jhtml|archive-date= 22 December 2008}}Nin Chan, Rap Reviews, 25 January 2005 {{cite web |url=http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/BTTL_badblood.html |title=Ice :: Bad Blood :: In Bloom/Reprise |access-date=20 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819175039/http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/BTTL_badblood.html |archive-date=19 August 2012 }} Access date: 22 July 2008Dave Maher, Pitchforkmedia news, 16 February 2007 {{cite web|url=http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/41220-el-p-reveals-lp-tracklist-single-with-trent-reznor |title=El-P Reveals LP Tracklist, Single with Trent Reznor | Pitchfork |access-date=9 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228121305/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/news/41220-el-p-reveals-lp-tracklist-single-with-trent-reznor |archive-date=28 February 2009 }} Access date: 22 July 2008

When industrial metal climbed the charts of the late 1990s, its sudden popularity was met with negative reactions from the early innovators of industrial music. Peter Christopherson told The Wire that he no longer felt any kinship with the industrial scene: "this is not me, this is not what I'm about".{{cite web|url= http://www.thewire.co.uk/web/unpublished/coil.html|title= Time Out of Joint|author= Keenan, David|date= 21 July 1998|publisher= The Wire – Adventures in Modern Music |access-date= 8 September 2007|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200608/http://www.thewire.co.uk/web/unpublished/coil.html|archive-date= 27 September 2007}} Lustmord, a prominent early industrial musician,John Bush, Lustmord, Allmusic bio. [{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p19048|pure_url=yes}}] Access date: 21 February 2009. declared that "Ministry just doesn't interest [him]" and "[he has] no time for all this rock and roll shit they're doing now."{{sfn|Fergunson|1993|p=55}} Skinny Puppy frontman Nivek Ogre dismissed Nine Inch Nails as "cock rock"{{cite web|url=https://reinspired.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/memory-lane-skinny-puppy/|title=Memory Lane: Skinny Puppy|date=17 April 2010|website=wordpress.com|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225544/https://reinspired.wordpress.com/2010/04/17/memory-lane-skinny-puppy/|archive-date=13 October 2017}} but have since patched things up and have even performed on stage together.{{cite web|url=http://www.ninwiki.com/Skinny_Puppy|title=Skinny Puppy – NinWiki|website=www.ninwiki.com|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011204702/http://www.ninwiki.com/Skinny_Puppy|archive-date=11 October 2014}}

Industrial metal suffered a critical backlash at the turn of the millennium. In an April 2000 review for the Chicago Sun Times, Jim DeRogatis dismissed Nine Inch Nails' new music as a "generic brand of industrial thrash" and accused Ministry of repeating an act that "was old by 1992".{{cite web|url= http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xrevw131.shtml|title= Nine Inch Nails stuck in the '90s|author= DeRogatis, Jim|work= Chicago Sun Times|date= April 2000|access-date= 24 August 2007|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070930154709/http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/xrevw131.shtml|archive-date= 30 September 2007}} Archived at [http://www.theninhotline.net The NIN Hotline] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516050555/http://www.theninhotline.net/ |date=16 May 2008 }}. Although The Fragile reached the top spot of the Billboard 200{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|title= Top Music Charts – Hot 100 – Billboard 200 – Music Genre Sales|publisher= Billboard charts|access-date= 9 May 2008|url-status= live|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508141952/http://www.billboard.com/charts/1999-10-09/billboard-200|archive-date= 8 May 2013}} and went on to earn double platinum status, DeRogatis considered it a "flop" nonetheless.

Around this time, veteran industrial metal artists (Ministry,{{sfn|Pettigrew|1996|p=46}} Godflesh,{{sfn|Martin|2004|p=25}} and White Zombie{{sfn|Di Perna B|1995|p=35}}) began to repudiate the industrial label. Sales remained high throughout 2000–2005; at least 10 million records were sold during that time frame. Many groups began to take influence from hip hop and electronic music, in addition to industrial metal. As a result, acts like Powerman 5000 are often described as industrial metal as well as nu metal.{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Mehle|title=Industrial Strength Powerman 5000'S 'Action Rockers' Keep the Message Light In A Cacophony of Power Chords|work=Rocky Mountain News|date=25 April 1997|page=20D|quote=Powerman 5000 can be called a lot of things ... industrial metal ... with a bit of hip-hop, a touch of funk and an awful lot of energy....}}

Several industrial metal groups have produced eye-catching videos. These include Godflesh's collaboration with Andres Serrano,Jay W. Babcock, "In Godflesh We Trust", RIP Magazine, December 2006. {{cite web |url=http://www.godflesh.com/articles/article5.html |title=In Godflesh We Trust |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628102221/http://www.godflesh.com/articles/article5.html |archive-date=28 June 2012 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. Aidan Hughes's graphics for KMFDM,Aidan Hughes, Interview by Liberation Iannillo, Trigger Magazine, 5 August 2005. {{cite web |url=http://www.triggermagazine.com/archives/2005/08/aidan_hughes.html |title=Trigger Magazine - New York City: Aidan Hughes |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821120122/http://www.triggermagazine.com/archives/2005/08/aidan_hughes.html |archive-date=21 August 2008 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. Nine Inch Nails' work with Mark Romanek,Ed Gonzalez, Slant Magazine, 5 September 2005. {{cite web |url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=746 |title=The Work of Mark Romanek | DVD Review | Slant Magazine |website=Slant Magazine |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904062438/http://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/dvd_review.asp?ID=746 |archive-date=4 September 2009 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. Rob Zombie's visual work for White Zombie (for which he received the MTV Video Music Award for Best Hard Rock Video),Stephen Jorgl, "Rob Zombie on Making Films and Records", Audiohead.net, 2006. {{cite web |url=http://www.audiohead.net/interviews/robzombie/ |title=Audiohead.net – Interviews – Rob Zombie – Page 1 |access-date=24 March 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725090705/http://www.audiohead.net/interviews/robzombie/ |archive-date=25 July 2013 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. and Marilyn Manson's output with Richard KernKurt B. Reighley, Marilyn Manson, chapter 6, Macmillan, 1998, p. 73. and Floria Sigismondi.Mark Dillon, "Gothic Goddess", American Cinematographer, August 1998, p. 60-70. {{cite web|url=http://www.floriasigismondi.com/reviews/review00.html |title=Reviews |access-date=4 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209135432/http://www.floriasigismondi.com/reviews/review00.html |archive-date=9 December 2004 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. NIN later collaborated with Bill Viola for live accompaniment.Bill Viola artist biography. {{cite web |url=http://www.billviola.com/biograph.htm |title=Biography |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208013450/http://www.billviola.com/biograph.htm |archive-date=8 December 2014 }} Access date: 4 January 2009. Trent Reznor also produced the soundtracks for the films Natural Born Killers and Lost Highway, and served as "musical consultant" for Man on Fire.David Browne, "'Killer' Riffs," Entertainment Weekly, 23 September 1994. {{cite magazine |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,303796,00.html |title=Natural Born Killers | Music Review |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=10 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421103818/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,303796,00.html |archive-date=21 April 2009 }} Access date: 10 January 2009."Death to Hootie!: Trent Reznor Makes a Case for Danger," Rolling Stone, 6 March 1997.{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0328107/fullcredits |title=Man on Fire (2004) – Full cast and crew |publisher=Imdb.com |access-date=27 October 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090401021048/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0328107/fullcredits |archive-date=1 April 2009 }} Rob Zombie has directed three films. In 2009, Marilyn Manson was in the process of directing Phantasmagoria: The Visions of Lewis Carroll. The movie has since languished in development hell.Wax, Alyse. Marilyn Manson Freaks Us Out at the Scream Awards, FEARnet, 20 October 2008 at [http://www.fearnet.com/news/b13425_we_chat_with_marilyn_manson_scream.html FEARnet.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220021040/http://www.fearnet.com/news/b13425_we_chat_with_marilyn_manson_scream.html |date=20 December 2008 }}. Last Retrieved 22 October 2008. Other films that have included prominent contributions from industrial metal artists include The Crow, Johnny Mnemonic, Hideaway, (Mortal Kombat/1997 sequel), The Matrix, Blair Witch and A.I. Artificial Intelligence.Charles Aaron, Entertainment Weekly, 1 April 1994. {{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/1994/04/01/crow/ |title=The Crow |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218111832/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,301635,00.html |archive-date=18 December 2014 }} Access date: 10 January 2009.{{sfn|Collins|2005|p=166}}Marc Weingarten, Entertainment Weekly, 7 May 1999. {{cite magazine |url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273304,00.html |title=The Matrix Review | News Reviews and News |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=18 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218115456/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,273304,00.html |archive-date=18 December 2014 }} Access date: 9 January 2009.David Basham, MTV News, 19 April 2001. {{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1442976/20010419/ministry.jhtml |title=Ministry Get Shot for 'A.I.,' Throw Greatest Fits |website=MTV |access-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041210130517/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1442976/20010419/ministry.jhtml |archive-date=10 December 2004 }} Access date: 9 January 2009.

Its emphasis on transgressive themes has made a few industrial metal groups vulnerable to attack from American social conservatives. For example, Sen. Bob Dole, then head of the Republican Party, sharply criticized Time Warner after a meeting between Michael J. Fuchs (head of the Warner Music Group), William Bennett, and C. Delores Tucker, at which Tucker and Bennett demanded that Fuchs read lyrics from NIN's "Big Man with a Gun".{{cite magazine|author=Larry Leibstein with Thomas Rosenstiel|title=The Right Takes a Media Giant to Political Task|url=http://www.newsweek.com/right-takes-media-giant-political-task-183552|magazine=Newsweek|date=12 June 1995|page=30}} A year later, Bennett, Tucker, and Joseph Lieberman launched a similar campaign against MCA Records for their distribution of Marilyn Manson's music.{{cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/group/alt.music.marilyn-manson/msg/5f8b2fa591032024|title=Google Groups|website=groups.google.com|access-date=2 May 2018}} Many of his concerts were cancelled by authorities after this uproar.Paula O' Keefe, "The History of Marilyn Manson, 1997 Update Part 2 of 2", at [http://www.spookhouse.net/update2.html Spookhouse.net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120015819/http://www.spookhouse.net/update2.html |date=20 November 2009 }} Access date: 10 January 2009. In addition, Dennis Cooper cited Ministry's video for "Just One Fix", which featured footage of William S. Burroughs, as an early example of heroin chic.{{cite magazine|author-link=Dennis Cooper|last=Cooper|first=Dennis|title=Junkie See, Junkie Do.|magazine=Spin|date=March 1995|pages=55, 106–107|volume=10|issue=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f7SFGOzAxGQC&pg=PA55|access-date=27 January 2019|via=Google Books}}{{rp|106–107}} Some initial reports claimed that Columbine High School shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were Marilyn Manson fans.Cullen, Dave. [http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/23/columbine/index.html Inside the Columbine High investigation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126133759/http://www.salon.com/news/feature/1999/09/23/columbine/index.html |date=26 January 2009 }}. Salon News, 23 September 1999. In fact, they preferred KMFDM and Rammstein.{{cite news | url=http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/sidebar/2099208/ | work=Slate | title=The Depressive and the Psychopath | first=Dave | last=Cullen | date=20 April 2004 | access-date=24 August 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615143737/http://www.slate.com/id/2099203/sidebar/2099208/ | archive-date=15 June 2008}} Asa Coon, another school shooter, was a Manson fan.[https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071011/ap_on_re_us/school_shooting School Shooting] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021073827/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071011/ap_on_re_us/school_shooting |date=21 October 2007 }}

Manson, a former journalist, published a detailed response to the controversy following the Columbine shootings in an article published in Rolling Stone. It concluded:{{cite magazine|author=Marilyn Manson|title=Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?|magazine=Rolling Stone|issue=815|date=24 June 1999|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624|access-date=10 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721192522/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624|archive-date=21 July 2012}}

{{blockquote|I think that the National Rifle Association is far too powerful to take on, so most people choose Doom, The Basketball Diaries or yours truly. This kind of controversy does not help me sell records or tickets, and I wouldn't want it to. I'm a controversial artist, one who dares to have an opinion and bothers to create music and videos that challenge people's ideas in a world that is watered-down and hollow. In my work I examine the America we live in, and I've always tried to show people that the devil we blame our atrocities on is really just each one of us. [...]}}

Sascha Konietzko reported that KMFDM was "sick and appalled" by the shootings, issuing a statement the following day saying:{{cite AV media | people=Konietzko, Sascha (speaker) | date=September 2008 | title=KMFDM – Sascha Konietzko om skolemassakrene | url=http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/418313 | format=asf | medium=Streaming audio | publisher=NRK – Norsk Rikskringkasting | location=Oslo, Norway | access-date=13 October 2008 | time=1:51, 4:05 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221015844/http://www1.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/418313 | archive-date=21 December 2008 }}

{{blockquote|First and foremost, KMFDM would like to express their deep and heartfelt sympathy for the parents, families and friends of the murdered and injured children in Littleton. We are sick and appalled, as is the rest of the nation, by what took place in Colorado yesterday.

KMFDM are an art form – not a political party. From the beginning, our music has been a statement against war, oppression, fascism and violence against others. While some of the former band members are German as reported in the media, none of us condone any Nazi beliefs whatsoever.}}

Rammstein stated that they "have no lyrical content or political beliefs that could have possibly influenced such behavior"."KMFDM And Rammstein Speak Out About Columbine," MTV News, 23 April 1999. {{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427256/04231999/kmfdm.jhtml |title=KMFDM and Rammstein Speak Out About Columbine |website=MTV |access-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409005154/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1427256/04231999/kmfdm.jhtml |archive-date=9 April 2009 }} Access date: 27 February 2009. Rammstein have also been controversial for their use of Nazi imagery, including footage shot by Leni Riefenstahl for Olympia in their video for "Stripped".London Records press release, "Nazis? Hell No!" [http://www.btinternet.com/~rammstein_online/articles_nazis.html] Access date: 27 February 2009. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227181355/http://www.btinternet.com/~rammstein_online/articles_nazis.html|date=27 December 2008}} Alec Empire, a German digital hardcore musician, declared that "[Rammstein is] successful for all the wrong reasons. I think they're not a fascist band at all, but I think in Germany there's a lot of misunderstanding and that's why they sell records and I think that's dangerous.""Atari Teenage Riot's Alec Empire Questions Rammstein's Sincerity." MTV News, 9 November 1998. {{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425050/19981109/story.jhtml |title=Atari Teenage Riot's Alec Empire Questions Rammstein's Sincerity |website=MTV |access-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010904165432/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425050/19981109/story.jhtml |archive-date=4 September 2001 }} Access date: 27 February 2009. In response to the controversy, Rammstein stated that "We are not Nazis, Neo-Nazis, or any other kind of Nazi. We are against racism, bigotry or any other type of discrimination." The band went on to create the song "Links 2-3-4", released in 2001, which responded to the Nazi allegations by insinuating that they reside left on the political spectrum.{{sfn|Serba|2001|p=B6}}

{{Portal|Rock music}}

• List of industrial metal bands
• Heavy metal music
• List of industrial music festivals
• List of heavy metal festivals

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{refbegin|20em}}

• {{cite magazine|last=Alexander|first=Phil|year=1995|title=Alien Soundtracks!|magazine=Kerrang!|pages=52–53|number=528}}
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• {{cite magazine|last=Arnopp|first=Jason|year=1993|title=Industrial Metal: A User's Guide|magazine=Kerrang!|pages=44|ref={{SfnRef|Arnopp B|1993}}|number=462}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Barcinski|first=André|author-link=André Barcinski|year=1992|title=Máquina Mortífera|magazine=Bizz|number=79|pages=24–29}}
• {{cite book|last=Blush|first=Steven|author-link1=Steven Blush|year=2001|title=American Hardcore: A Tribal History|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=Feral House}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Chantler|first=Chris|year=2002|title=Splitting Heirs|magazine=Terrorizer|number=96|pages=54–55}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Collins|first=Karen|year=2005|title=Dead Channel Surfing: the Commonalities between Cyberpunk Literature and Industrial Music|magazine=Popular Music|volume=24|number=2|pages=165–178}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Di Perna|first=Alan|year=1995|title=Jackhammer of the Gods|magazine=Guitar World|volume=15|number=6|pages=54–59, 61–62, 67, 69, 71|ref={{sfnref|Di Perna A|1995}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Di Perna|first=Alan|year=1995|title=White Zombie: Zombies Gave Me Lunch!|magazine=Guitar World|volume=15|number=6|pages=33, 35–26, 38, 40, 46, 170, 172|ref={{Sfnref|Di Perna B|1995}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Fergunson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Terror Against Terror: Lustmord's Dancefloor Coup|magazine=Industrial Nation|number=7|pages=53–57}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Gill|first=Chris|year=1996|title=Swine Before Pearls: Wallowing In the Muck with Ministry's Al Jourgensen|magazine=Guitar Player|volume=30|number=3|pages=84–89}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Gill|first1=C.|last2=Rotondi|first2=J.|year=1996|title=Heady Metal|magazine=Guitar Player|volume=30|number=3|pages=74–82|ref={{sfnref|Gill & Rotondi|1996}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Gitter|first=Mike|title=Ministry: Sole Survivors|magazine=Thrasher|date=January 1990|pages=76–77, 100}}
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• {{cite book|last=Mudrian|first=Albert|year=2004|title=Choosing Death: the Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=Feral House}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Paytress|first=Mark |year=1995|title=Industrial Music|magazine=Record Collector|number=185|pages=92–99}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Pettigrew|first=Jason|year=1991|title=Godflesh: the Power of Positive Paradoxes|magazine=Alternative Press|volume=5|number=36|pages=22–23}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Pettigrew|first=Jason|year=1996|title=Watch Yourself and Watch What You Say|magazine=Alternative Press|number=92|pages=44–51}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Reynolds|first=Simon|date=20 August 1988|title=Detonation Angels|magazine=Melody Maker|pages=28–30}}
• {{Cite news|last=Serba|first=John|date=22 July 2001|title= Operatic Vocals, Industrial Rhythms Mix For a Sound Distinctly ... German|work=The Grand Rapids Press|page=B6}}
• {{cite magazine|last1=Stud|first1=B.|last2=Stud|first2=T|date=20 June 1987|title=Heaven Up Here|magazine=Melody Maker|pages=26–27|ref={{sfnref|Stud & Stud|1987}}}}
• {{cite magazine|title=The Ministry of Noise|date=March 1989|magazine=Modern Keyboard|pages=49–50|ref={{sfnref|The Ministry of Noise|1989}}}}
• {{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Dave|year=1994|title=Industrial Revolution|location=Los Angeles, CA|publisher=Cleopatra}}
• {{cite book|last1=Vale|first1=V.|author-link=V. Vale|last2=Juno|first2=A.|year=1983|title=RE/Search#6-|location=San Francisco, CA|publisher=RE/SEARCH PUBLICATIONS|ref={{Sfnref|Vale & Juno|1983}}}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Wiederhorn|first=Jon|year=1994|title=Industrious Metal|magazine=Pulse|number=64|pages=64}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Yates|first=Catherine|year=2001|title=Souls of a New Machine|magazine=Kerrang!|number=871|pages=18–20}}

{{refend}}

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