Kim Collins

{{short description|Saint Kitts and Nevis sprinter}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Infobox sportsperson

| image = Kim Collins Berlin 2009.jpg

| image_size = 220px

| caption =

| nationality = Saint Kitts and Nevis

| sport = Running

| event =

| club =

| collegeteam =

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1976|04|05|df=y}}

| birth_place = Ogee's, Saint Peter Basseterre Parish, Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla

| residence =

| death_date =

| death_place =

| height = 1.80 m{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/75584 |title=Kim Collins |website=Olympedia.org |publisher=OlyMADmen |accessdate=30 September 2021}}

| weight = 77 kg

| pb = 60 m: 6.48
100 m: 9.93
200 m: 20.20

| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport | Men's athletics }}

{{Medal|Country | {{flagicon|SKN}} Saint Kitts and Nevis }}

{{Medal|Competition | World Championships }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2003 Paris | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2001 Edmonton | 200 m }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2005 Helsinki | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2011 Daegu | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2011 Daegu | 4 × 100 m }}

{{Medal|Competition | World Indoor Championships }}

{{Medal|Silver | 2003 Birmingham | 60 m }}

{{Medal|Silver | 2008 Valencia | 60 m }}

{{Medal|Comp | Commonwealth Games }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2002 Manchester | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Competition | Pan American Games }}

{{Medal|Silver | 2011 Guadalajara | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Competition | CAC Championships }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2001 Guatemala City | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2001 Guatemala City | 200 m }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2003 St George's | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Silver | 1999 Bridgetown | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Silver | 1999 Bridgetown | 4 × 100 m relay }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2011 Mayagüez | 4 × 100 m relay }}

{{Medal|Country | 20px Americas }}

{{Medal|Competition | Continental Cup/World Cup }}

{{Medal|Silver | 2002 Madrid | 100 m }}

{{Medal|Gold | 2014 Marrakech | 4 × 100 m relay }}

{{Medal|Bronze | 2014 Marrakech | 4 × 400 m relay }}

}}

Kim Collins (born 5 April 1976) is a former Kittitian track and field sprinter. In 2003, he became the World Champion in the 100 metres. He represented his country at the Summer Olympics on five occasions, from 1996 to 2016, and was the country's first athlete to reach an Olympic final. He competed at ten editions of the World Championships in Athletics, from 1995 to 2015, winning five medals. He was a twice runner-up in the 60 metres at the IAAF World Indoor Championships (2003, 2008). At regional level, he was a gold medallist at the Commonwealth Games and a silver medallist at the Pan American Games. As of 2023, he is the only individual world champion from Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Collins holds a personal best of 9.93 seconds for the 100 m, which is a Saint Kitts and Nevis national record and a M40 world record for men over 40. This makes him the only man over forty years of age to break the 10-second barrier. His indoor personal best of 6.47 seconds for the 60 m is a national record and a M35 world record.{{cite web |url=http://www.trackalerts.com/Articles/video-collins-runs-6-47-to-lower-nr-and-wl-in-poland/13254/ |title=Video: Collins runs 6.47 to lower NR and WL in Poland |work=trackalerts.com}}{{cite web|url=http://www.world-masters-athletics.org/records/indoor-men |title=Records Indoor Men |author=Lukas |work=world-masters-athletics.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609080608/http://world-masters-athletics.org/records/indoor-men |archive-date= 9 June 2012 }}

Collins was the bronze medallist over 200 m at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics and became the 100 m champion at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. He won a silver medal over 60 metres at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships, before going on to take his outdoor crown. He also won sprint medals at the 2005 World Championships, 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships and 2011 World Championships. A dispute with the Saint Kitts and Nevis administrators saw Collins dropped from the 2012 Olympic Games and he did not return to international duty until 2015.{{cite news |title=Kim Collins axed from 100m by St Kitts for meeting wife |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/aug/04/london-2012-kim-collins-axed-st-kitts |access-date=4 August 2012 |work=The Guardian|location=London |first=Owen |last=Gibson |date=4 August 2012}}

Biography

Collins competed in college for Texas Christian University.{{cite web |url=http://gofrogs.cstv.com/sports/c-track/spec-rel/082703aaa.html |title=Kim Collins Captures World Championship – TCU Horned Frogs Official Athletic Site |publisher=Gofrogs.cstv.com |date=27 August 2003}} He competed on behalf of his country in the 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, and 2016 Summer Olympics.{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/kim-collins-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418005547/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/kim-collins-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Kim Collins Biography and Olympic Results | Olympics at |publisher=Sports-reference.com |date=5 April 1976}}

Collins made his debut at major championship at the 1996 Olympics, where he qualified for the second round in the 100 m. He improved quickly, and at the 2000 Summer Olympics, he became the first athlete from his nation to qualify for an Olympic final, finishing 7th in the 100 m. The next year, Collins would win St. Kitts' first World Championship medal, when he tied for the bronze medal in the 200 m.

At the 2002 Commonwealth Games, he won his first major title. After the 100 m race, which Collins won after two other favourites pulled out of the final with injuries, he failed a doping test, testing positive for the beta agonist Salbutamol.{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/athletics/3032011/Athletics-Collins-keeps-100m-gold-despite-failing-drug-test.html |title=Athletics: Collins keeps 100m gold despite failing drug test |author=Tom Knight Athletics Correspondent |date=2 August 2002 |work=The Daily Telegraph}} However, it was found that the banned substance was part of the asthma medication Collins had been taking for several years, but had neglected to mention to the medical commission. Collins eventually was allowed to keep his title, and got away with a warning.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2002/aug/02/commonwealthgames2002.commonwealthgames11 |title=Collins escapes ban despite positive test |author=Duncan Mackay |work=The Guardian|date=2 August 2002 }}

Collins was featured on a set of two stamps from St Kitts issued in 2002.Stanley Gibbons stamp numbers 718 & 719

The 100 m at the 2003 World Championships became the biggest triumph of his career. With Olympic and World Champion Maurice Greene eliminated in the semi-finals, the field was wide open. In a very close race, where the top four athletes finished within 0.02 seconds, Collins won and became the first world champion from Saint Kitts and Nevis.

At the 2004 Olympics, Collins again made the final of the 100, finishing 6th. At the 2005 World Championships, Collins claimed a bronze medal in the 100 m behind Justin Gatlin and Michael Frater though he was given the same time as the latter.

Finishing fourth in his heat, Collins qualified for the finals in the men's 200 m race in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and finished in sixth place on 20 August 2008. He competed at the 2009 World Championships and reached the quarter-finals of the competition, but he was eliminated after finishing in fourth place behind eventual finalists Asafa Powell, Darvis Patton and Marc Burns. He announced his retirement from international athletics in September that year, bringing an end to a career that spanned almost 17 years.Raynor, Kayon (29 September 2009).[http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=54515.html Collins, 2003 World 100m champion, retires]. IAAF. Retrieved 28 September 2009.

Collins returned to athletics on 29 January 2011 at the Aviva International Match in Glasgow, reversing his retirement at the age of 34, and he finished fourth in the 200 metres. He then won at the Russian Winter Meeting in Moscow.Nickolai Dolgopolov and Rostislav Orlov (6 February 2011). [http://www.iaaf.org/WIM11/news/newsid=59236.html Isinbayeva makes 4.81m comeback in Moscow]. IAAF. Retrieved 14 February 2011. He set a 60 m personal best and national record of 6.52 seconds to win at the PSD Bank Meeting in Düsseldorf, overhauling his best mark which he had set nearly eleven years earlier.[http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20110213/sports/sports10.html Collins turns back the clock with stunning 60m]. Jamaica Gleaner (13 February 2011). Retrieved 14 February 2011. That time did not stand for as long, however, as he ran 6.50 seconds in the heats of the BW-Bank Meeting a few days later.Gordon, Ed (14 February 2011). [http://www.iaaf.org/WIM11/news/newsid=59306.html Three world leads in Karlsruhe]. IAAF. Retrieved 14 February 2011. Collins won both his heat and semi-final races in the 100 m at the 2011 World Championships before finishing third and winning a bronze medal in the final after the disqualification of Usain Bolt.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/14698558.stm |work=BBC News |title=Bolt disqualified as Blake wins}} At the men's 4 × 100 m relay qualifying heats, Collins ran the second leg for the St Kitts and Nevis relay squad and helped clock a national record of 38.47, leading to St. Kitts and Nevis' first-ever final. The last event saw Collins team up with Jason Rogers, Antoine Adams and Brijesh Lawrence to clock 38.49 to win the bronze medal.{{cite web |url=http://daegu2011.iaaf.org//NewsEventReportsListDetail.aspx?id=62415 |title=iaaf.org – International Association of Athletics Federations |publisher=Daegu2011.iaaf.org |date=4 September 2011 |access-date=4 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930195718/http://daegu2011.iaaf.org//NewsEventReportsListDetail.aspx?id=62415 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}

At the XVI PanAmerican Games in Guadalajara 2011, Collins broke the 28-year-old PanAmerican Games record with a time of 10.00 in the early heat. He finished second in the finals to Jamaica's Lerone Clarke. His silver medal was the first-ever medal for St. Kitts and Nevis at the Pan-Am Games.{{cite web |url=http://miyvue.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4610:kim-collins-sets-new-pan-am-100m-record&catid=42:rokstories |title=Kim Collins sets New Pan Am 100m Record |publisher=Miyvue.com |date=25 October 2011}}{{cite web |author=IAAF.org |url=http://iaaf.org/news/newsid=62788.html |title=Suarez and Armstrong set new records, Clarke outsprints Collins – Pan American Games, Day 3 |publisher=iaaf.org |date=26 October 2011}}

Collins was expelled by his team from the 2012 Summer Olympics in London on 4 August 2012 for missing training sessions. He said he was being punished for spending time with his wife.{{cite news|last=Dunbar |first=Graham |title=OLYMPIC SPRINTER SENT HOME FOR MISSING PRACTICE |url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/O/OLY_ATH_COLLINS_OUT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-08-04-14-20-41 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=5 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804231205/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/O/OLY_ATH_COLLINS_OUT?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2012-08-04-14-20-41 |archive-date= 4 August 2012 }}

Collins was the oldest sprinter at 2016 Summer Olympics, his fifth consecutive appearance at the Olympics. While most sprinters peak in their 20s, Collins set his personal record after reaching the age of 40, and became the first individual to run a sub-10 second 100 m dash in the process. He ran a 9.93 100 m dash, which was fast enough to qualify for Rio.{{cite web|url=http://road-to-rio.com/mycountry.php?nat=SKN|title=Rio Qualification|publisher=Road to Rio|access-date=26 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428050714/http://road-to-rio.com/mycountry.php?nat=SKN|archive-date=28 April 2017}} He competed in both the 100 m sprint and 4 × 100 m relay.{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/02/sport/kim-collins-40-year-old-sprinter-olympics/|title=Kim Collins: Veteran sprinter breaks the boundaries of time|publisher=CNN|access-date=26 April 2017|last1=Timm-Garcia|first1=Jaide|last2=Gibson|first2=Charlie|date=3 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427193352/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/02/sport/kim-collins-40-year-old-sprinter-olympics/|archive-date=27 April 2017}} Collins was the only St. Kitts and Nevis athlete to make it out of the first round. He finished his heat with a time of 10.18 and fourth place. He improved his time in the semifinals, finishing with a time of 10.12. This put him in sixth place and he did not advance to the finals.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/rio-2016/results/sports/athletics/mens-100m|title=Athletics: Men's 100m|work=BBC Sport |access-date=27 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405134706/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/rio-2016/results/sports/athletics/mens-100m|archive-date=5 April 2017}}

In 2018 Collins announced his retirement, he competed at the 60 m at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships. His last performance at a World Championship.

25 August was declared Kim Collins Day by the government of St. Kitts and Nevis in honour of Collins’ gold at the World Championships in Paris, France in 2003.{{cite web |url=http://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2010/08/20/kim-collins-day.html |title=Kim Collins Day Celebrated on August 25 |publisher=The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer |date=20 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201111628/http://thestkittsnevisobserver.com/2010/08/20/kim-collins-day.html |archive-date=1 December 2010}}

Statistics

=Personal bests=

class="wikitable sortable"
Event

! Environment

! Time
(sec)

! Record

! Wind
(m/s)

! Date

! Competition

! Venue

! Location

! Country

50 metres

| Indoor

| 5.75

|

| {{n/a}}

| 10 February 2009

| Meeting Pas de Calais

| Arena Stade Couvert de Liévin

| Liévin

| France

55 metres

| Indoor

| 6.24

|

| {{n/a}}

| 24 February 2001

| WAC Indoor Championships

| Reno Livestock Events Center

| Reno, Nevada

| United States

60 metres

| Indoor

| 6.47

| {{AthAbbr|NR|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

| {{n/a}}

| 17 February 2015

| Pedro's Cup

| Atlas Arena

| Łódź

| Poland

60 metres

| Outdoor

| 6.48

| {{AthAbbr|NR|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

|align=center| +0.3

| 29 July 2014

| Grand Prix of Cheb

| Atletický Stadion Cheb

| Cheb

| Czech Republic

100 metres

| Outdoor

| 9.93

| {{AthAbbr|NR|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

|align=center| +1.9

| 29 May 2016

| NRW-Gala Bottrop

| Jahnstadion

| Bottrop

| Germany

200 metres

| Outdoor

| 20.20

|

|align=center| +0.1

| 9 August 2001

| World Championships

| Commonwealth Stadium

| Edmonton

| Canada

400 metres

| Outdoor

| 46.93

|

| {{n/a}}

| 22 April 2000

| TCU Invitational

| Lowdon Track and Field Complex

| Fort Worth, Texas

| United States

4 × 100 metres relay

| Outdoor

| 37.97

|

| {{n/a}}

| 13 September 2014

| Continental Cup

| Stade de Marrakech

| Marrakesh

| Morocco

  • All information from IAAF Profile{{cite web |title=Collins, Kim biography |publisher=IAAF |url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=20646/index.html |access-date=5 February 2009}}

=Seasonal bests=

File:Kim Collins.jpg

{{Graph:Chart

| width = 400

| height = 200

| type = line

| xAxisTitle = Year

| yAxisTitle = Seconds

| yAxisMax = 9.9

| yAxisMin = 10.7

| showValues = true

| showSymbols=true

| legend = Event

| y1Title = 100 metres

| x = 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018

| y1 = 10.63,10.27,10.18,10.21,10.13,10.04,9.98,9.99,10.00,10.00,10.33,10.14,10.05,10.15,10.20,10.00,10.01,9.97,9.96,9.98,9.93,10.20,10.37

}}

=International competition record=

{{AchievementTable|width=auto|Event=yes}}
rowspan=4|1995

| CARIFTA Games (U20)

| George Town, Cayman Islands

| style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.75" |10.75

rowspan=2|Pan American Junior Championships

| rowspan=2|Santiago, Chile

| bgcolor=silver|2nd

| 100 m

| 10.4

{{AthAbbr|DNS}} (f)

| 200 m

| —

World Championships

| Gothenburg, Sweden

| 6th (h)

| 4 × 100 m relay

| 40.12

rowspan=2|1996

|rowspan=2|Olympic Games

|rowspan=2|Atlanta, United States

| 5th (qf)

| 100 m

| 10.34

4th (h)

| 4 × 100 m relay

|40.12

1997

|World Championships

|Athens, Greece

|8th (h)

|200 m

|21.73

rowspan=2 | 1998

|rowspan=2 | Central American and Caribbean Games

|rowspan=2 | Maracaibo, Venezuela

|23rd (sf)

| 100 m

|10.77

18th (h)

|200 m

|22.37

rowspan=4 | 1999

| rowspan=2 | Central American and Caribbean Championships

| rowspan=2 | Bridgetown, Barbados

| bgcolor="silver" | 2nd

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.31" |10.31

bgcolor="silver" | 2nd

| 4 × 100 m relay

| data-sort-value="040.83"|40.83

rowspan=2|World Championships

|rowspan=2|Seville, Spain

|4th (h)

|100 m

|10.50

6th (h)

|200 m

|20.95

rowspan=4 | 2000

| rowspan=2 | NACAC Under-25 Championships

| rowspan=2 | Monterrey, Mexico

| style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.46" | 10.46

style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.53" | 20.53

rowspan=2 | Olympic Games

| rowspan=2 | Sydney, Australia

| 7th

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.17" |10.17

5th (semis)

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.57" |20.57

rowspan=4 | 2001

| rowspan=2 | Central American and Caribbean Championships

| rowspan=2 | Guatemala City, Guatemala

| style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.04" |10.04

style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.55"|20.55

rowspan=2 | World Championships

| rowspan=2 | Edmonton, Canada

| 5th

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.07" |10.07

style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.20" |20.20

rowspan=3|2002

| Commonwealth Games

| Manchester, United Kingdom

| style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="009.98" |9.98

rowspan=2|World Cup

|rowspan=2|Madrid, Spain

|bgcolor=silver|2nd

|100 m

|10.06

bgcolor=silver|2nd

|4 × 100 m relay

|38.32

rowspan=5 | 2003

| World Indoor Championships

| Birmingham, United Kingdom

| bgcolor="silver" | 2nd

| 60 m

| data-sort-value="006.54" |6.53

rowspan=3 | Central American and Caribbean Championships

| rowspan=3 | St. George's, Grenada

| style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.13" |10.13

{{AthAbbr|DNS}} (f)

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="999.99" | -

5th

| 4 × 100 m relay

| data-sort-value="039.88" |39.88

World Championships

| Saint-Denis, France

| style="background:gold;" | 1st

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.07" |10.07

2004

| Olympic Games

| Athens, Greece

| 6th

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.00" |10.00

2005

| World Championships

| Helsinki, Finland

| style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.05" |10.05

rowspan=3 | 2007

| rowspan=2 | Pan American Games

| rowspan=2 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

| 5th

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.31" |10.31

8th

| 4 × 100 m relay

| data-sort-value="040.20" |40.20

World Championships

| Osaka, Japan

| 5th (sf)

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.21" |10.21

2008

| World Indoor Championships

| Valencia, Spain

| bgcolor="silver" | 2nd

| 60 m

| data-sort-value="006.54" |6.54

rowspan=2 | 2008

| rowspan=2 | Olympic Games

| rowspan=2 | Beijing, China

| 5th (sf)

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.05" |10.05

6th

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.59" |20.59

rowspan=2 | 2009

| rowspan=2 | World Championships

| rowspan=2 | Berlin, Germany

| 4th (qf)

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.20" |10.20

6th (qf)

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.84" |20.84

rowspan=5 | 2011

| Central American and Caribbean Games

| Mayagüez, Puerto Rico

| style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 4 × 100 m relay

| data-sort-value="039.07" |39.07

rowspan=3 | World Championships

| rowspan=3 | Daegu, South Korea

| style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.09" |10.09

4th (semis)

| 200 m

| data-sort-value="020.64" |20.64

style="background:#c96;" | 3rd

| 4 × 100 m relay

| data-sort-value="038.49" |38.49

Pan American Games

| Guadalajara, Mexico

| bgcolor="silver" | 2nd

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.04" |10.04

2012

| Olympic Games

| London, United Kingdom

| {{AthAbbr|DNS}}

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="999.99" | -

rowspan=2|2014

|rowspan=2|Continental Cup

|rowspan=2|Marrakesh, Morocco

| bgcolor=gold|1st

| 4 × 100 m relay

|37.97

bgcolor=cc9966|3rd

| 4 × 400 m relay

|3:02.78

2015

| World Championships

| Beijing, China

| 26th (h)

| 100 m

| data-sort-value="010.16" |10.16

rowspan=3 | 2016

| World Indoor Championships

| Portland, United States

| 8th

| 60 m

| data-sort-value="006.56" |6.56

rowspan=2 | Olympic Games

| rowspan=2 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

| 17th (sf)

| 100 m

| 10.12

15th (h)

| 4 × 100 m relay

| 39.81

2018

| World Indoor Championships

| Birmingham, United Kingdom

| 24th (h)

| 60 m

| data-sort-value="006.77" |6.77

National titles

Circuit wins

=Track records=

As of September 2024, Collins holds the following track records for 100 metres and 200 metres.

==100 metres==

class="wikitable" style= "text-align: center"
Location

!Time

!Windspeed
m/s

!Date

!Notes

Basseterre9.94+3.413/06/2015
Wattenscheid10.08+2.302/08/2009
Bottrop9.93
{{AthAbbr|NR|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
+1.929/05/2016
Guatemala City10.04–0.220/07/2001
Kumagaya10.01+2.306/09/2016
Tomblaine9.96+2.408/07/2012Track record shared with
Mike Rodgers (USA) from the same race.

==200 metres==

class="wikitable" style= "text-align: center"
Location

!Time

!Windspeed
m/s

!Date

Gold Coast20.37+2.110/09/2000

See also

References

{{Reflist}}