Lane centering

{{Short description|Mechanism designed to keep a car centered in the lane}}

File:Tesla Autopilot Engaged in Model X.jpg in use|alt=]]

In road-transport terminology, lane centering, also known as lane centering assist, lane assist, auto steer or autosteer, is an advanced driver-assistance system that keeps a road vehicle centered in the lane, relieving the driver of the task of steering. Lane centering is similar to lane departure warning and lane keeping assist, but rather than warn the driver, or bouncing the car away from the lane edge, it keeps the car centered in the lane.{{Cite news |url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/260689-hands-nissan-propilot-assist-self-driving-affordable-cars |title=Hands on With Nissan ProPilot Assist: Self-Driving for Affordable Cars - ExtremeTech |date=December 19, 2017 |work=ExtremeTech|access-date=April 30, 2018 }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/doronlevin/2018/04/13/toyota-corolla-lane-centering-tech-a-step-toward-to-self-driving-cures-annoying-ping-pong/ |title=Toyota Corolla Lane-Centering Tech – A Step Toward To Self-Driving – Cures Annoying 'Ping-Pong' |last=Levin |first=Doron |work=Forbes|access-date=April 13, 2018 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.clublexus.com/forums/rx-4th-gen-2016-present/835344-lane-centering-performance-is-bad.html |title=Lane Centering performance is bad |work=ClubLexus |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081245/https://www.clublexus.com/forums/rx-4th-gen-2016-present/835344-lane-centering-performance-is-bad.html |archive-date=January 16, 2018 |url-status=dead }}{{sps|certain=y|date=January 2018}}{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/todays-lane-keeping-assistance-technology-steers-the-way-to-self-driving-cars/ |title=Today's lane keeping assistance tech steers the way to self-driving cars |work=Roadshow |access-date=January 15, 2018}} Together with adaptive cruise control (ACC), this feature may allow unassisted driving for some length of time.{{Citation |last=R R |title=Self driving car / life hack active lane assist |date=April 26, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI9wrMpxmP0 |access-date=February 25, 2018}}{{Cite news |url=http://english.etnews.com/20170717200001 |title=Hyundai Motor Company Planning to Apply Its Semi-Self-Driving Technology Called 'HDA2' Earlier than Initial Plan |work=Korea IT News|access-date=April 30, 2018 |quote="... it allows drivers to let go of their hands and feet and not to focus on their driving when they are driving on freeways."}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20180921/BLOG06/180929947/the-2019-nautilus-lincoln-s-cadillac-super-cruise-fighter |title=The 2019 Nautilus: Lincoln's Cadillac Super Cruise fighter? |date=September 21, 2018 |website=Automotive News |access-date=December 28, 2018 |quote="... the Nautilus with semi-autonomous technology that can maneuver the vehicle down the freeway without the need for a driver to touch the brake, gas pedal or steering wheel for short periods."}} It is also part of automated lane keeping systems.

Starting in 2019, semi-trailer trucks have also been fitted with this technology.{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmaintenance.com/equipment/safety-and-technology/article/21115683/current-active-safety-systems-available-for-commercial-trucks |title=Current active safety systems available for trucks | Fleet Maintenance |website=fleetmaintenance.com |access-date=February 6, 2020 |date=December 3, 2019}}

Comparison with other systems

Lane centering keeps the vehicle centered in the lane and almost always comes with steering assist to help the vehicle take gentle turns at highway speeds.{{Cite web |date=June 23, 2020 |title=What Makes Lane Departure Warning Different? |url=https://www.motortrend.com/news/lane-departure-warning/ |access-date=April 3, 2021 |website=MotorTrend}} Lane departure warning generates a warning when the vehicle crosses a line, while lane keeping assist helps the vehicle to avoid crossing a line, standardized in ISO 11270:2014.ISO 11270:2014, Intelligent transport systems — Lane keeping assistance systems (LKAS) — Performance requirements and test procedures

In farming, "machine autosteer" is a technology which make automated steering and positioning of a machine in a landscape.{{Cite web|url=http://controlledtrafficfarming.com/Info/Machine-Autosteer.aspx|title=Controlled Traffic Farming|website=controlledtrafficfarming.com|accessdate=April 4, 2022}}

class="wikitable sortable" \|+ Comparing standard systems assisting with lateral controlDriver Attentiveness to the Driving Task During ADAS Use, May 2023, DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.31985.04961 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372279571_Driver_Attentiveness_to_the_Driving_Task_During_ADAS_Use ! Name !! SAE level !! Description !! ACSF category !! Automotive market name
Emergency steering function - ESF	SAE L0 - no driving automation \|“automatically detect a potential collision and automatically activate the vehicle steering system for a limited duration, to steer the vehicle with the purpose of avoiding or mitigating a collision.” Reg 79
Lane departure warning - LDW	SAE L0 - no driving automation	warns “the driver of an unintentional drift of the vehicle out of its travel lane.” Reg 130. Usually with lane departure avoidance (LDA)
Lane departure avoidance - LDA	SAE L0 - no driving automation	“corrects the steering angle to prevent departure from the chosen lane” although (limited duration). Reg 79 Corrective Steering Function (CSF), ACSF B1, Lane Keeping Assistance System (LKA/LKS): ISO 7000-3128 Lane Departure Prevention (LDP) \| B1	LKA/LKS
Emergency Lane Keeping System - ELKS	-	combination of LDW and LDA, EU General Safety Regulation [Regulation (EU) 2019/2144] and European Commission Implementing Regulation [Regulation (EU) 2021/64] specification.
Lane guidance	SAE L1 - assisted driving	adaptive application of some steering to reduce the effort required by the driver in keeping their vehicle centered in the lane. \| B1	LKA or Lane Centring Assistance (LCA)
Lane keeping	SAE L2 - partially automated driving	keep the vehicle in the center of its current lane, reducing driver input \| B1	LKA or LCA
Lane change system	SAE L2 - partially automated driving	after initial command or confirmation by the driver, automatically applies steering to move the vehicle to an adjacent lane \| C	Auto Lane Change or (Highway/Active) Lane Change Assist

History

The first commercially available lane centering systems were based on off-the-shelf systems created by Mobileye, such as Tesla Autopilot and Nissan ProPilot,{{cite press release |url=http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/releases/nissan-propilot-assist-technology-makes-u-s-debut-on-2018-rogue-reduces-the-hassle-of-stop-and-go-highway-driving |title=Nissan ProPILOT Assist technology makes U.S. debut on 2018 Rogue – reduces the hassle of stop-and-go highway driving |website=Nissan Online Newsroom |access-date=January 15, 2018}} although Tesla switched to an in-house design when Mobileye ended their partnership.{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mobileye-ends-partnership-with-tesla-1469544028 |title=Mobileye Ends Partnership With Tesla |last=Ramsey |first=Mike |date=July 26, 2016 |work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=February 26, 2018 |issn=0099-9660}} A handful of companies like Bosch, Delphi, ZF and Mobileye provide sensors, control units, or algorithms to car makers, who then integrate and refine those systems.{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/cars/2016/05/from-audi-to-volvo-most-self-driving-cars-use-the-same-hardware/ |title=From Audi to Volvo, most "self-driving" cars use the same hardware |website=Ars Technica |access-date=February 1, 2018 |date=May 26, 2016}}

While not directly attributable to lane centering, crash rates on the Tesla Model S and Model X equipped with the Mobileye system were reduced by almost 40% while Tesla Autopilot was in use.{{Cite news |url=https://electrek.co/2017/01/19/tesla-crash-rate-autopilot-nhtsa/ |title=Tesla's crash rate was reduced by 40% after introduction of Autopilot based on data reviewed by NHTSA |date=January 19, 2017 |work=Electrek|access-date=February 25, 2018 }}{{Cite news |url=https://dailykanban.com/2017/03/autosteer-actually-deserve-credit-40-reduction-tesla-crashes/ |title=Does Autosteer Actually Deserve Credit For a 40% Reduction in Tesla Crashes? – DailyKanban |date=March 10, 2017 |work=DailyKanban|access-date=April 19, 2018 }}{{Cite news |url=https://dailykanban.com/2016/07/elon-take-wheel/ |title=Elon Take The Wheel – DailyKanban |date=July 14, 2016 |work=DailyKanban|access-date=April 19, 2018 }}

Operation

File:Lane Detection Algorithm.jpg

File:Lane Detection Example.jpg

The lane detection system used by the lane departure warning system uses image processing techniques to detect lane lines from real-time camera images fed from cameras mounted on the automobile. Examples of image processing techniques used include the Hough transform, Canny edge detector, Gabor filter and deep learning. A basic flowchart of how a lane detection algorithm works to produce lane departure warning is shown in the figures.

Limitations

Features that differentiate systems include how well they perform on turns, speed limitations, and whether the system resumes from a stop.{{Cite news|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/car-safety/cars-with-advanced-safety-systems/|title=Cars With Advanced Safety Systems|work=Consumer Reports|access-date=January 27, 2018}}{{Citation|last=Frank Pulsinelli|title=Honda Sensing Package Demonstration 2016 Civic|date=November 20, 2015|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pX19xb-jLfM&t=531s|access-date=February 1, 2018}}

Current lane centering systems rely on visible lane markings. They typically cannot decipher faded, missing, incorrect or overlapping lane markings. Markings covered in snow, or obsolete lane markings left visible, can affect the accuracy of the system.{{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/mr-roadshow/ci_25267512/roadshow-driverless-cars-will-alert-motorists-missing-lane?source=rss|title=Roadshow: Driverless cars will alert motorists to missing lane markings|last=Richards|first=Gary|date=March 6, 2014|work=San Jose Mercury News|access-date=March 6, 2014}}

GM's Super Cruise only works on known freeways that have been previously mapped,{{cite web|url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/256479-cadillac-super-cruise-review-self-driving|title=Hands Off With Cadillac Super Cruise, the Masterful One-Trick Pony of Self-Driving|website=ExtremeTech|access-date=January 25, 2018}} as it uses a combination of these maps and a precise GNSS position provided by Trimble's RTX GNSS correction service to determine if Super Cruise can be enabled or not. Most vehicles require the driver's hands to remain on the wheel, but GM's Super Cruise monitors the driver's eyes to ensure human attention to the road,{{Cite web|url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20171003/BLOG06/171009939/riding-along-with-cadillac-s-super-cruise|title=Riding along with Cadillac's Super Cruise|last=Wayland|first=Michael|date=October 3, 2017|website=Automotive News|access-date=April 29, 2020}} and thus allows hands-free driving.

2018 Mobileye EyeQ4

Mobileye claimed in 2018 that 11 automakers would incorporate their EyeQ4 chip that enables L2+ and L3 autonomous systems; this would collectively represent more than 50% of the auto industry.{{cite web |title=2018 CES: ADAS Partnerships and Products Propel the Drive Toward Full Autonomy |url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/2018-ces-adas-partnerships-products-propel-drive-toward-full-autonomy/ |access-date=February 25, 2018}} Level 2 automation is also known as "hands off": this system takes full control of the vehicle (accelerating, braking, and steering). Level 3 is also known as "eyes off": the driver can safely turn their attention away from driving, e.g. the driver can text or watch a movie.{{Cite web |url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/automated-vehicles-safety |title=Automated Vehicles for Safety |date=September 7, 2017 |website=NHTSA |access-date=February 25, 2018}}

In 2018, the average selling price for the EyeQ4 chip to auto makers was about $450 U.S. dollars.{{Cite news |url=https://realmoney.thestreet.com/articles/01/11/2017/mobileye-outlines-why-it-considers-itself-autonomous-driving-leader |title=Mobileye Outlines Why It Considers Itself an Autonomous Driving Leader |work=Real Money|access-date=February 17, 2018 }}

Nissan uses the EyeQ4 chip for their hands-off ProPilot 2.0 system.{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samabuelsamid/2019/08/09/nissan-and-nio-adopt-mobileye-eyeq4-to-enable-hands-free-driver-assist/|title=Nissan And Nio Adopt Mobileye EyeQ4 To Enable Hands-Free Driver Assist|last=Abuelsamid|first=Sam|website=Forbes|access-date=August 11, 2019}}

Regulations

In the United States, in 2018, lane centering systems are not covered by any Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, according to the NHTSA.{{cite web|url=https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/13498a_812_573_alcsystemreport.pdf|title=Functional Safety Assessment of an Automated Lane Centering System|date=August 2018|website=nhtsa.gov}}

Territories such as the European union, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Egypt and the United Kingdom follow UNECE 79 regulation.{{cite web|url=https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/ECE-TRANS-WP.29-343-Rev.29-Add.1.pdf|title=Agreement concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations|website=unece.org}} In those territories following UNECE 79 regulation, automatically commanded steering functions are classified in several categories, for instance:

Category A function helps the driver at speed no greater than 10 km/h for parking maneuvering;
Category B1 function helps the driver to keep the vehicle within the chosen lane;
Category B2 function "keeps the vehicle within its lane by influencing the lateral movement of the vehicle for extended periods without further driver command/confirmation";
Category C and D and E are related to specific manoeuvres such as lane change[http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs/2018/R079r4e.pdf Addendum 78: UN Regulation No. 79] unece.org

While all those functions are related to automated steering, lane centering is a concept close to the concept related to category B2, while LKA is closer to category B1.

Current international regulations require assistance systems to monitor that the driver keeps their hands on the steering wheel, with escalating warnings and eventual disengagement if they fail to do so. In North America, some manufacturers have "hands-off" systems which instead monitor whether the driver is paying attention to the road ahead.{{Cite web |last1=Carsten |first1=Oliver |last2=Perrier |first2=Mickaël |last3=Jamson |first3=Samantha |date=May 2023 |title=Driver Attentiveness to the Driving Task during ADAS Use |url=https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/201448/1/ADAS%20user%20attentiveness%20report%20final.pdf |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=White Rose Research Online |publisher=Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York |page=vi}}

Examples of level 2 automated cars

{{See also|Adaptive cruise control#Vehicle models supporting adaptive cruise control}}

Because all of these vehicles also have adaptive cruise control that can work in tandem with lane centering, they meet the SAE standard for level 2 automation. Adaptive cruise control and lane centering are often only available in more expensive trim levels rather than just the base trim. An example is the Hyundai Kona EV, which only has adaptive cruise control available on the "ultimate" edition.{{Cite web |url=https://m.hyundaiusa.com/kona-electric/ |title=KONA Electric - Sign Up for Email Updates {{!}} Hyundai USA|website=m.hyundaiusa.com|access-date=January 29, 2019}}

class="wikitable" \|+ Examples of vehicles with lane centering ability ! Manufact- urer !! Sample of vehicles !! Branding for lane centering !! Notes
Citroën	C4 and ë-C4	lane-keeping assist lane-centring assist{{Cite web\|url=https://paultan.org/2020/07/02/2021-citroen-c4-debuts-with-all-electric-e-c4-variant/\|title=2021 Citroën C4 debuts with all-electric ë-C4 variant - paultan.org\|date=July 2, 2020\|accessdate=April 4, 2022}}
Daimler Truck	Freightliner Cascadia big-rig{{Cite web \|url=https://mashable.com/article/daimler-semi-autonomous-truck-cascadia-ces-2019/ \|title=Daimler's semi-autonomous truck puts self-driving features on the road \|last=Lekach \|first=Sasha \|website=Mashable \|date=January 7, 2019 \|access-date=January 8, 2019}}{{Cite web \|url=http://www.thedrive.com/tech/25835/we-take-daimlers-first-level-2-semi-truck-for-a-ride \|title=We Take Daimler's First Level 2 Semi Truck for a Ride \|last=Berk \|first=Brett \|website=The Drive\|date=January 7, 2019 \|access-date=January 8, 2019}}{{Citation \|last=Cars BOOM \|title=2019 Freightliner Cascadia {{sic\|Assistence\|nolink=y}} Systems \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FfrWoqxv-s&t=150\|access-date=January 8, 2019}}{{Cite web\|url=http://www.truckinginfo.com/333800/test-drive-with-early-autonomous-tech-drivers-are-still-required\|title=Test Drive: With Early Autonomous Tech, Drivers Are Still Required\|last=Park\|first=Jim\|website=truckinginfo.com\|access-date=July 3, 2019}} Actros{{Cite web\|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/09/20180910-actros.html\|title=Mercedes-Benz Trucks puts partially automated driving into series production with new heavy-duty Actros\|website=Green Car Congress\|access-date=August 15, 2019}}	Lane Keep Assist Active Drive Assist
Stellantis	Maserati brand{{Cite web \|url=http://www.bosch-presse.de/pressportal/de/en/the-new-bosch-highway-assist-system-installed-on-the-maserati-2018-range-155200.html \|title=The new Bosch highway assist system installed on the Maserati 2018 range \|website=Bosch Media Service \|date=April 19, 2018 \|access-date=April 20, 2018}}
Ford	2021 F-150{{Cite web\|date=June 26, 2020\|title=2021 Ford F-150: Details, Specifications, and Features\|url=https://www.automobilemag.com/news/2021-ford-f-150-details-specifications-photos-hybrid-self-driving-generator/\|access-date=August 9, 2020\|website=Automobile Magazine\|language=en}} Edge{{cite web \|url=https://www.ford.com/dat/ \|title=Ford® Driver-Assist Technologies – Driving Confidence & Convenience \|website=ford.com \|access-date=February 25, 2018}}{{cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rCLfBB8hHAg?t=50s \|title=2019 Ford Edge Driver Assist Technologies \|last=DPCcars \|date=January 14, 2018 \|access-date=February 25, 2018 \|via=YouTube}}{{cite web \|url=http://shareholder.ford.com/~/media/Files/F/Ford-IR-V2/events-and-presentations/2018/co-pilot360.pdf \|title=Ford Co-Pilot360: Most Advanced Suite of Standard DriverAssist Technologies \|access-date=March 15, 2018}} Escape{{Cite web\|url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/2020-ford-escape-pricing-hybrid-phev/\|title=2020 Ford Escape: Everything there is to know\|last=Paukert\|first=Chris\|website=Roadshow\|access-date=November 18, 2019}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/04/02/2020-ford-escape-debuts-with-a-complete-redesign-and-a-phev-vari/\|title=2020 Ford Escape debuts with a complete redesign and a PHEV variant\|website=Engadget\|date=April 2, 2019 \|access-date=November 18, 2019}} Explorer{{Cite web \|url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/283886-gas-hybrid-performance-cop-car-2020-ford-explorer-even-has-a-tesla-like-display \|title=2020 Ford Explorer: Performance, Cop Car Packages, Tesla-Like Display - ExtremeTech \|website=extremetech.com\|access-date=January 16, 2019}} Focus{{Cite news \|url=https://www.carsandspecs.com/ford-focus-2019/ \|title=Ford Focus 2019 Revealed – (Fourth Generation Model) \|date=May 30, 2018\|access-date=June 6, 2018 }}{{Cite web \|url=http://europe.autonews.com/article/20180612/ANE/180619923/ford-gives-new-focus-multiple-personalities \|title=Ford gives new Focus multiple personalities \|date=June 12, 2018}}{{Cite web \|url=http://www.tu-auto.com/robot-takes-the-wheel-of-new-ford/ \|title=Tested: Ford Focus 2018 where robot takes the wheel – TU Automotive \|website=tu-auto.com \|access-date=July 28, 2018}} Mach-E{{Cite web\|url=https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/permalink.html?VideoId=6104568416001\|title=Perma Link {{!}} Ford Media Center\|website=media.ford.com\|access-date=November 18, 2019}}	Ford Co-Pilot360: Lane Centering
GM	2018 Cadillac CT6,{{cite web \|title=17479: Customer Satisfaction Program - Super Cruise Feature Enhancements - 2018 Cadillac CT6 \|url=https://gm.oemdtc.com/8954/17479-customer-satisfaction-program-super-cruise-feature-enhancements-2018-cadillac-ct6-2 \|website=gm.oemdtc.com \|access-date=December 16, 2018 \|date=July 19, 2018}} 2021 Cadillac CT4,{{cite web \| url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a34079483/2021-cadillac-ct4-ct5-new-features-price/ \| title=2021 Cadillac CT4 and CT5 Add Super Cruise, Get Small Price Hike \| date=September 21, 2020 }} 2021 Escalade,{{cite web \| last=Bragman \| first=Aaron \| title=Tested: Cadillac's Next-Gen Super Cruise on the 2021 Cadillac Escalade \| website=Cars.com \| date=14 May 2021 \| url=https://www.cars.com/articles/tested-cadillacs-next-gen-super-cruise-on-the-2021-cadillac-escalade-435663/ \| access-date=23 September 2023}} 2021 Chevrolet Bolt EUV,{{cite web \| url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/chevy-bolt-euv-super-cruise-system-feature/ \| title=Chevy Bolt EUV's Super Cruise system misses out on one key feature }} 2022 Chevy Silverado,{{cite web \| url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a37517085/2022-chevy-silverado-1500-revealed/ \| title=2022 Chevy Silverado 1500 Adds a Big Screen and Super Cruise \| date=September 9, 2021 }} GMC Hummer EV{{cite web \| url=https://www.gmc.com/support/quick-start-guides/hummer-ev/super-cruise \| title=Super Cruise \| HUMMER EV Quick Start Guide }}	Super Cruise	Only on approved freeways{{cite web \|url=http://www.thedrive.com/tech/17083/the-battle-for-best-semi-autonomous-system-tesla-autopilot-vs-gm-supercruise-head-to-head \|title=The Battle for Best Semi-Autonomous System: Tesla Autopilot Vs. GM SuperCruise, Head-to-Head \|first=Alex \|last=Roy \|date=January 5, 2018 \|access-date=February 25, 2018}} Uses eye tracking system, which does not require driver to hold steering wheel.
rowspan="4" \|Honda \|Civic,Civic Owner's Manual https://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/OM/AH/AT202424IOM/enu/details/131229047-298544.html Accord,Accord Hybrid Owner's Manual https://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/om/ah/a30b2323iom/enu/details/131245047-521522.html CR-V,CR-V Hybrid Owner's Manual https://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/OM/AH/A3D42323IOM/enu/details/131229047-298544.html HR-VHR-V Owner's Manual https://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/om/ah/a3v02323iom/enu/details/131237047-191037.html \|Honda Sensing: Traffic Jam Assist (TJA){{Cite web \|date=2022-02-07 \|title=Honda Sensing® \|url=http://hondanews.com/en-US/honda-automobiles/releases/honda-sensing \|access-date=2024-08-05 \|website=Honda Automobiles Newsroom \|language=en}} \|Works on speed below {{convert\|45\|mph\|abbr=on

}, automatically switches to Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) above the speed.

| Insight{{Cite web |url=https://thetimes24-7.com/PrintArticle.aspx?aid=61179&uid=693f48cc-f212-4544-aeae-b155226ae01f |title=Auto Reviews - 2019 Honda Insight revels in its split personality |website=thetimes24-7.com|access-date=January 24, 2019}} Odyssey{{cite web |title=2018 Honda Odyssey Owner's Manual |url=http://techinfo.honda.com/rjanisis/pubs/OM/AH/ATHR1818OM/enu/ATHR1818OM.PDF |website=techinfo.honda.com |access-date=November 24, 2018 |pages=581–588 |quote=Provides steering input to help keep the vehicle in the middle of a detected lane}}{{cite web |title=LKAS (Lane Keeping Assist System) |url=https://www.odyclub.com/forums/81-2018-odyssey/306897-lkas-lane-keeping-assist-system.html#post1898585 |website=odyclub.com |access-date=November 24, 2018}} Pilot{{Cite news |url=https://www.autoblog.com/2018/08/21/2019-honda-pilot-first-drive-review-19hpfdrsuv/ |title=2019 Honda Pilot First Drive Review {{!}} An original freshens up|work=Autoblog|access-date=August 21, 2018}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.trucks.com/2018/09/05/first-drive-2019-honda-pilot-crossover/ |title=First Drive: 2019 Honda Pilot Crossover Has Adventure Aspirations |date=September 5, 2018 |work=Trucks.com|access-date=September 7, 2018 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.motor1.com/reviews/360600/2019-honda-pilot-driving-notes-review/|title=2019 Honda Pilot Elite Driving Notes: Farewell, Family Hauler|last=Team|first=Motor1 com|website=Motor1.com|access-date=July 18, 2019}}|| Honda Sensing: Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS){{Citation |last=Honda |title=Honda Sensing: Lane Keeping Assist System |date=November 20, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UE5zcBPJ9rY|access-date=August 21, 2018}}{{Cite web |url=https://automobiles.honda.com/sensing |title=What is Honda Sensing® Suite? Features & More {{!}} Honda|website=Honda Automobiles|access-date=August 21, 2018}}|| Between {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}} and {{convert|90|mph|abbr=on|}}{{cite web |url=https://salestraining.honda.com/en/Civic-Family/2018-Civic-Hatch/Product-Details/Interior/Lane-Keeping-Assist-System-LKAS-Honda-Sensing-models |title=Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) (Honda Sensing® models) |access-date=October 21, 2018}}

| Acura MDX,{{Cite web |url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2019-acura-mdx-preview-heres-everything-we-know-1420700745745/ |title=2019 Acura MDX |date=July 2018 }} Acura TLX,{{Cite web |date=2024-04-09 |title=AcuraWatch™ |url=http://acuranews.com/en-US/releases/acurawatch |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Acura Newsroom |language=en}} Acura IntegraAcura Integra Owner's Manual

https://owners.acura.com/utility/download?path=/static/pdfs/2023/Integra/2023_Integra_Traffic_Jam_Assist.pdf || AcuraWatch: Traffic Jam Assist (TJA) || Works on speed below {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}}, automatically switches to Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) above the speed.

|Acura ILX,AcuraWatch Overview Manual

[https://assets.acurainfocenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/09215129/AIC_AcuraWatch_Overview_v6_0.pdf?_gl=1*12eka2k*_ga*MTYwNjY5NDYzNS4xNzIyODQyNzI0*_ga_889BLL88QC*MTcyMjg0MjcyNC4xLjEuMTcyMjg0Mjc3Ni4wLjAuMA.. https://assets.acurainfocenter.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/09215129/AIC_AcuraWatch_Overview_v6_0.pdf?_gl=1*12eka2k*_ga*MTYwNjY5NDYzNS4xNzIyODQyNzI0*_ga_889BLL88QC*MTcyMjg0MjcyNC4xLjEuMTcyMjg0Mjc3Ni4wLjAuMA..] Acura RDX

|AcuraWatch: Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS)

|Between {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}} and {{convert|90|mph|abbr=on|}}

| Hyundai || Palisade{{cite web | last=Wong | first=Brian | title=2020 Hyundai Palisade Review: A Winning Formula | website=Cars.com | date=17 December 2019 | url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2020-hyundai-palisade-review-a-winning-formula-412044/ | access-date=23 September 2023}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.repairerdrivennews.com/2018/12/26/hyundai/ |title=Hyundai touts steel, 'all-new SUV chassis' in 2020 Palisade |last=Huetter |first=John |date=December 26, 2018 |website=Repairer Driven News |access-date=December 26, 2018}} Kona EV{{Cite web |url=https://sevendaynews.com/2018/02/27/hyundai-kona-electric-is-292-mile-range-7-6-sec-0-62mph-time/ |title=Hyundai Kona Electric is 292-mile range, 7.6 sec 0-62mph time – World News, Breaking News |access-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-date=December 26, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232914/https://sevendaynews.com/2018/02/27/hyundai-kona-electric-is-292-mile-range-7-6-sec-0-62mph-time/ |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=https://fealey.co.uk/ev-transport/i-just-drove-110-miles-on-lfa-lane-follow-assist-and-smart-cruise-control-in-the-hyundai-kona-ev-and-im-impressed-tesla-owner-reviews-the-kona/951 |title=I just drove 110 miles on LFA (Lane Follow Assist) and Smart Cruise control in the Hyundai Kona EV and I'm impressed (a Tesla owner reviews the Kona) |website=Will Fealey |date=October 29, 2018 |access-date=January 26, 2019}} Santa Fe{{Cite web |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/autos/latest-reviews/first-drive-2019-hyundai-santa-fe-ultimate-review-article-1.4042521 |title=First Drive: 2019 Hyundai Santa Fe Ultimate Review |website=Daily News|date=August 27, 2018 |location=New York |access-date=December 26, 2018}}{{Cite web |url=http://newcarpicks.com/site/all-new-santa-fe-is-combined-suv-and-slot-car/new-car-introductions/ |title=All-new Santa Fe part SUV and part slot car : New Car Picks |access-date=January 21, 2019}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/autos/latest-reviews/first-drive-2019-hyundai-santa-fe-ultimate-review-article-1.4042521 |title=First Drive: 2019 Hyundai Santa Fe Ultimate Review |website=Daily News|date=August 27, 2018 |location=New York |access-date=January 21, 2019}} Elantra{{Cite web |url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/hyundai/elantra/2019/hyundai-elantra-2019-car-of-the-year-contender/ |title=Hyundai Elantra: 2019 Motor Trend Car of the Year Contender |date=November 5, 2018}} || Lane Following Assist{{Cite web |url=http://webmanual.hyundai.com/PREM_GEN5/AVNT/FE/KOR/English/content41.html |title=Vehicle settings |website=webmanual.hyundai.com |access-date=January 26, 2019 |quote=[Lane Following Assist]: It supports by automatically operating steering wheel to drive in the center of the lane.}} || Also called Lane Keeping Assist, available at {{convert|60|km/h|abbr=on|}} or above.{{Cite web |url=https://www.hyundai.com.au/why-hyundai/design-and-innovation/safety/lane-keeping-assist |title=Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) {{!}} Hyundai Safety {{!}} Design & Innovation {{!}} Hyundai Australia |website=www.hyundai.com.au|access-date=February 3, 2019}}

| Kia || Kia Niro EV{{Cite web |url=https://www.kiamedia.com/us/en/models/niro-ev/2019/features#niro-ev |title=2019 Kia Niro EV Features & Options |website=www.kiamedia.com|access-date=February 10, 2019}} Lane following assist standard on both trim levels.{{Cite web |url=http://www.automotivepurchasingandsupplychain.com/news/15689/15/kia-s-all-electric-crossover-niro-goes-on-sale-in-south-korea |title=Kia's all electric crossover, Niro goes on sale in South Korea |website=Automotive Purchasing and Supply Chain |date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=January 26, 2019 |quote=Lane Following Assist tracks vehicles in front of the car in traffic, and detects road markings to keep the Niro EV in its lane on the motorway.}} Kia Telluride{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/SelfDrivingCars/comments/d492gj/is_kia_tellurides_driving_assist_system_as_good/|title=r/SelfDrivingCars - Is Kia Telluride's driving assist system as good as Tesla's Autopilot? It's actually pretty close. Here's an in depth review from a Tesla owner.|website=reddit|date=September 14, 2019 |access-date=September 15, 2019}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.bobmoorekia.com/the-first-ever-telluride.htm |title=First Look at The Kia Telluride {{!}} Bob Moore Kia|last=Northwest|first=Bob Moore Kia|website=www.bobmoorekia.com|access-date=January 26, 2019}}{{Citation|last=Bill Reichert|title=2020 Kia Telluride Smart Cruise w/ Stop &Go|date=March 6, 2019|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXMJbQC-LEM|access-date=June 23, 2019}} Stinger{{Cite news |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2018-kia-stinger-gt-test-review |title=2018 Kia Stinger GT Test {{!}} Review {{!}} Car and Driver|work=Car and Driver|access-date=April 21, 2018}} K900{{Cite web |url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/kia/k900/2019/ |title=2019 KIA K900 MODEL OVERVIEW |access-date=December 28, 2018 |quote=..., adaptive cruise control with lane centering, ...}} Forte{{Cite web |url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2019-kia-forte-quick-spin-value-not-fun-is-fortes-strong-suit-1420703164300/ |title=2019 Kia Forte Quick Spin: Value, Not Fun, Is Forte's Strong Suit |access-date=December 28, 2018 |quote=..., lane departure warning and lane-centering steering at higher speeds.}} || Lane Following Assist || Speed 0 – 130 km/h, 81 mph

| Lincoln || Aviator{{cite web |title=2020 Lincoln Aviator Finally La-La-Lands in Production Form in L.A. |url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2020-lincoln-aviator-finally-la-la-lands-in-production-form-in-la-1420709692577// |website=cars.com |access-date=November 28, 2018}}{{cite web |last1=Abuelsamid |first1=Sam |title=The 2020 Lincoln Aviator Gets A 450+HP Plug-In Hybrid And Points To Ford's Future |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/samabuelsamid/2018/11/28/the-2020-lincoln-aviator-gets-a-450hp-plug-in-hybrid-and-points-to-fords-future/ |website=Forbes |access-date=November 28, 2018 }} Corsair Nautilus{{Cite web |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/ford-issues-safety-recall-for-2700-new-lincoln-nautilus/67559499 |title=Ford issues safety recall for 2,700 new Lincoln Nautilus - ET Auto |last=www.ETAuto.com |website=ETAuto.com |access-date=January 16, 2019}} || Lincoln Co-Pilot360: Lane Centering ||

| Mazda || || Lane Trace || Can be activated at speeds above 60 km/h{{Cite web |url=http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/technology/safety/active_safety/las/ |title=MAZDA: LAS {{!}} Active Safety Technology|website=www.mazda.com|access-date=April 1, 2018}}

| Mercedes || A-Class{{Cite web|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/luxury-cars/mercedes-benz-a-class-a220-first-drive-review/|title=2019 Mercedes-Benz A-Class Packs High Tech and Luxury into a Small Package|last=Monticello|first=Mike|website=Consumer Reports|date=July 18, 2019 |access-date=July 18, 2019}} || Driver Assistance Package ||

| Nissan || Leaf, Rogue{{Cite news |url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/274199-2018-nissan-rogue-review-slick-self-driving-compact-suv |title=2018 Nissan Rogue Review: Slick Self-Driving Compact SUV - ExtremeTech |date=August 9, 2018 |work=ExtremeTech|access-date=August 10, 2018 }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.autoblog.com/2018/09/13/2019-nissan-rogue-pricing-hybrid-propilot/ |title=2019 Nissan Rogue gets price adjustments and more features |work=Autoblog|access-date=September 14, 2018 }} Altima{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/28/17170736/nissan-altima-propilot-ny-auto-show-2018 |title=Nissan's new Altima offers highly automated driving without the sticker shock |work=The Verge|access-date=March 28, 2018}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20180911/OEM/180919901/nissan-positions-altima-to-challenge-sedan-slump |title=Nissan positions Altima to challenge sedan slump |date=September 11, 2018}}{{Citation |last=Nissan Owner Channel |title=2019 Nissan Altima - ProPILOT Assist (if so equipped) |date=October 15, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrp4qbKCUJQ|access-date=October 21, 2018}}

|| ProPilot Assist || Under {{convert|31|mph|abbr=on|}}, ProPilot lane centering will work when tracking another car in the lane.{{Cite web |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15347772/nissan-propilot-automated-driving-for-those-in-the-cheap-seats |title=Nissan ProPilot: Automated Driving for Those in the Cheap Seats |last=Atiyeh |first=Clifford |date=July 13, 2016 |website=Car and Driver |access-date=March 12, 2019}}

| Subaru || Forester,{{cite web | last=Meier | first=Fred | title=2020 Subaru Forester: Bolstered EyeSight, Bumped-Up Prices | website=Cars.com | date=29 August 2019 | url=https://www.cars.com/articles/2020-subaru-forester-bolstered-eyesight-bumped-up-prices-408633/ | access-date=23 September 2023}} Outback,{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoblog.com/2019/07/29/2020-subaru-outback-first-drive-review-photos-specs-impressions/|title=2020 Subaru Outback First Drive Review {{!}} The big payoff|website=Autoblog|access-date=September 18, 2019}}{{cite web | last=Meier | first=Fred | title=12 New Can't-Miss Things About the 2020 Subaru Outback | website=Cars.com | date=23 April 2019 | url=https://www.cars.com/articles/12-new-cant-miss-things-about-the-2020-subaru-outback-400729/ | access-date=23 September 2023}} Legacy{{Citation|title=2020 Subaru Lane Centering Assist with Adaptive Cruise Control|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKX7m17qSTw|access-date=September 18, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/a28811392/2020-subaru-legacy-drive/|title=2020 Subaru Legacy Proves That Sedans Aren't Dead, They're Improving|last=Dorian|first=Drew|date=August 26, 2019|website=Car and Driver|access-date=September 18, 2019}} || Subaru Eyesight || Depth perception based on stereo cameras.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1333300|title=Subaru EyeSight Father Returns in Stereo Vision|last=Yoshida|first=Junko|website=EETimes|access-date=November 7, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2012/03/subaru-uses-stereo-3d-tech-in-new-eyesight-adas/|title=Subaru Uses Stereo 3D Tech in New EyeSight™ ADAS|date=March 17, 2012|website=The Truth About Cars|access-date=November 7, 2019}} One of the few systems here, besides Tesla, not based on Mobileye tech.{{Cite web|url=https://weekly-geekly.github.io/articles/398261/index.html|title=Dissecting Subaru Eyesight Stereo Cameras|website=weekly-geekly.github.io|access-date=November 7, 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.media.subaru-global.com/en/news/1483|title=News|website=media.subaru-global.com|access-date=November 7, 2019}}

| Tesla || Model S, X, 3, and Y{{cite web |last1=Mays |first1=Kelsey |date=November 23, 2020|title=Which Cars Have Autopilot? |url=https://www.cars.com/articles/which-cars-have-autopilot-430356/ |website=Cars.com |access-date=December 31, 2020}} || Autopilot, Autosteer ||Works at all speeds other than at certain margins above posted speed limits.{{Cite web|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2019/09/17/tesla-autopilot-lane-change-improvements-tesla-software-v10-review/|title=Tesla Autopilot & Lane Change Improvements in Tesla Software V10 – CleanTechnica Review|date=September 17, 2019|website=CleanTechnica|access-date=September 20, 2019}}

| Toyota ||Corolla{{Cite news |url=http://www.jdpower.com/cars/articles/new-car-previews/2019-toyota-corolla-hatchback-preview |title=2019 Toyota Corolla Hatchback Preview |last=jeff.youngs |date=March 23, 2018 |work=J.D. Power Cars|access-date=March 23, 2018 }} Rav4{{Cite press release |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/all-new-2019-toyota-rav4-serves-up-a-breakthrough-debut-at-new-york-international-auto-show-300620218.html |title=All-New 2019 Toyota RAV4 Serves Up A Breakthrough Debut at New York International Auto Show |last=America |first=Toyota Motor North |agency=PR Newswire |access-date=March 28, 2018}} Highlander{{Cite web|title=Toyota Safety Sense|url=https://www.toyota.com/safety-sense|access-date=June 4, 2020|website=toyota.com}} Lexus ES{{Cite news |url=https://www.edmunds.com/car-news/first-impressions/2019-lexus-es-first-drive.html |title=2019 Lexus ES First Drive {{!}} Edmunds|work=Edmunds|access-date=June 7, 2018}}

|| Lane Tracing Assist{{cite press release |title=Toyota Expanding its Industry-Leading Safety Technology Package with Second Generation Toyota Safety Sense™ |date=November 28, 2017 |publisher=Toyota |url=http://corporatenews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/toyota+expanding+industry+leading+safety+technology+package+second+generation+toyota+safety+house.htm |access-date=February 26, 2018}} || Part of second generation Toyota Safety Sense{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2-MTE8f95s |title=Lane Tracing Assist (LTA) |last=Toyota Global Newsroom |via=YouTube}}{{Citation |last=AutoMotoTV |title=2018 Toyota Safety Sense - Lane Tracing Assist |date=December 8, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTczEh96vsw |access-date=May 30, 2018}}

| rowspan="3" | VW || 2020 Atlas{{Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a29105149/vw-atlas-cross-sport-2020-tech-features/|title=2020 Volkswagen Atlas Cross Sport to Get New Tech, Will Share Some with Full VW Lineup|last=Dryer|first=Charles|date=September 19, 2019|website=Car and Driver|access-date=February 4, 2020}} || Lane Assist || Only works above {{convert|37|mph|abbr=on|}}

| | Audi A8{{Cite news |url=https://jalopnik.com/the-new-semi-autonomous-audi-a8-will-let-drivers-watch-1796806529 |title=The New Semi-Autonomous Audi A8 Will Let Drivers Watch Television at the Wheel |last=Tracy |first=David |work=Jalopnik|access-date=July 30, 2018 }} || 2019 Traffic Jam Pilot{{Cite news |url=https://jalopnik.com/audi-bails-on-traffic-jam-pilot-driver-assist-for-us-am-1827975491 |title=Audi Bails on 'Traffic Jam Pilot' Driver Assist for Us Americans |last=Orlove |first=Raphael |work=Jalopnik|access-date=July 30, 2018 }} || Level 3 Autonomy. Germany first. Not for U.S.A. in 2019. Top speed: 37.3 mph, 60 km/h{{Citation |last=SlashGear |title=2019 Audi A8 Level 3 self-driving real world test |date=September 11, 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsiUwq_M8lE|access-date=September 12, 2018}}

| | Audi A6{{Cite news |url=http://www.jdpower.com/cars/articles/new-car-previews/2019-audi-a6-preview |title=2019 Audi A6 Preview |last=jeff.youngs |date=February 28, 2018 |work=J.D. Power Cars|access-date=March 23, 2018 }} Porsche Taycan{{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/06/08/porsche-ceo-newly-renamed-taycan-electric-sedan-drawing-exceptional-interest/680766002/ |title=Porsche's U.S. CEO: Newly renamed Taycan electric sedan drawing 'exceptional' interest |work=USA Today|access-date=June 10, 2018 }}

|| Tour Assist{{Cite web |url=https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/the-fourth-generation-of-the-audi-a8-heading-into-a-new-era-9403/audi-ai-and-driver-assistance-systems-9413 |title=Audi AI and driver assistance systems |website=Audi MediaCenter |access-date=March 23, 2018}} || Top speed {{convert|155|mph|abbr=on|}}

|Volvo

|XC40{{Cite news |url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/264353-2019-volvo-xc40-review-standout-subcompact-crossover-heavy-safety |title=2019 Volvo XC40 Review: Standout Subcompact Crossover, Heavy on Safety - ExtremeTech |date=February 22, 2018 |work=ExtremeTech|access-date=June 14, 2018 }} XC60{{cite web | last=Wiesenfelder | first=Joe | title=What's the Best Luxury Compact SUV for 2018? | website=Cars.com | date=4 June 2018 | url=https://www.cars.com/articles/whats-the-best-luxury-compact-suv-for-2018-1420700119340/ | access-date=23 September 2023}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.motorweek.org/reviews/comparison_tests/luxury-compact-suv-challenge |title=Luxury Compact SUV Challenge {{!}} MotorWeek|website=www.motorweek.org|date=June 7, 2018 |access-date=June 14, 2018}} XC90{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dougnewcomb/2017/02/27/a-week-with-volvos-semi-autonomous-pilot-assist-ii/ |title=A Week With Volvo's Semi-Autonomous Pilot Assist II |last=Newcomb |first=Doug |work=Forbes|access-date=February 28, 2018 }}

|Pilot Assist II{{Cite news |url=https://www.slashgear.com/the-limits-of-semi-autonomous-driving-tech-we-go-volvo-pilot-assist-ii-winter-testing-07481175/ |title=The limits of semi-autonomous driving tech: We go Volvo Pilot Assist II winter testing |date=April 7, 2017 |work=SlashGear|access-date=February 28, 2018 }}

Nissan ProPilot

File:Nissan Leaf INTERIOR ProPilot.png|alt=]]

Nissan ProPilot is based on Mobileye technology{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/mobileye-nissan-nio-pro-pilot-self-driving/|title=Nissan and Mobileye are teaming up on ProPilot 2.0|last=Hyatt|first=Kyle|website=Roadshow|access-date=December 15, 2019}} and assists with acceleration, steering and braking input under single lane highway driving conditions.{{Cite news |url=http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/presskits/us-2019-nissan-altima-press-kit |title=2019 Nissan Altima Press Kit |work=Nissan Online Newsroom|access-date=March 29, 2018}} ProPilot keeps the car centered in the lane and will deactivate below 31 mph if not tracking a car in front of it. Adaptive cruise control handles stop-and-go traffic if stopped for less than 4 seconds{{Cite web |url=http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/releases/nissan-propilot-assist-technology-reduces-the-hassle-of-stop-and-go-highway-driving-ready-for-u-s-launch?mode=print |title=Nissan ProPILOT Assist technology reduces the hassle of stop-and-go highway driving, ready for U.S. launch |website=nissannews.com|date=July 20, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2018}} and helps maintain a set vehicle speed and maintain a safe distance between the vehicle ahead. ProPilot, which can follow curves,{{Cite news |url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/nissan-introduces-japan-first-autonomous-drive-feature-on-serena-minivan-109412.html |title=Nissan Introduces Japan' First Autonomous Drive Feature on Serena Minivan |last=Toma |first=Sebastian |date=July 13, 2016 |work=autoevolution|access-date=March 29, 2018 }} uses a forward-facing camera, forward-facing radar and other sensors. A traffic sign recognition system provides drivers with the most recent speed limit information detected by a camera on the windshield, in front of the rear-view mirror.

In a review by ExtremeTech, ProPilot worked well in 1,000 miles of testing and only on some twisty sections did it require driver intervention.{{Cite news|url=https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/274199-2018-nissan-rogue-review-slick-self-driving-compact-suv|title=2018 Nissan Rogue Review: Slick Self-Driving Compact SUV|date=August 9, 2018|work=ExtremeTech|access-date=August 19, 2018}} During Euro NCAP 2018 testing, ProPilot failed some tests as did all other systems tested.{{Cite web |url=https://cdn.euroncap.com/media/41589/euro-ncap-automated-driving-2018-nissan-leaf-datasheet.201810171432083713.pdf |title=Propilot NCAP testing 2018 |date=October 18, 2018 |access-date=October 18, 2018}}{{cite web |last=Euro NCAP |title=Euro NCAP 2018 Automated Testing : Nissan Leaf ProPilot |website=YouTube |date=October 18, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFpoQlgMOzw|access-date=October 18, 2018}} Consumer Reports indicates that ProPilot is especially helpful in stop and go traffic.{{Cite web|url=https://www.consumerreports.org/cars/nissan/leaf/2019/road-test/|title=2019 Nissan Leaf Road Test - Consumer Reports|website=consumerreports.org|access-date=June 1, 2019}}

Honda Sensing/AcuraWatch

Honda Sensing and AcuraWatch are a suite of advanced driver assistance features including Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) which helps keep the vehicle centered in a lane, by applying mild steering torque if the vehicle is deviating from the center of a detected lane with no turn-signal activation by the driver.{{cite web |title=What is Honda Sensing® Suite? Features & More {{!}} Honda |url=https://automobiles.honda.com/sensing |website=Honda Automobiles |access-date=December 16, 2018 }}Kim, Liz. [https://www.jdpower.com/Cars/Shopping-Guides/what-is-acurawatch “What is AcuraWatch?”] J.D. Power (jdpower.com). August 3, 2020. (Retrieved November 3, 2020.) The Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) does not work at speeds below {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}}. However, certain vehicles equipped with Traffic Jam Assist (TJA) will have the system take over the lane-keeping task when the speed falls below {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}} until a stop, and it will automatically switch to Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) when the speed exceeds {{convert|45|mph|abbr=on|}}.

The Honda Sensing and AcuraWatch packages also include:

Adaptive cruise control with Low-Speed Follow
Traffic-sign recognition
Auto high beam
Blind Spot Information System

2018 evaluation by IIHS

Quote from David Zuby, chief research officer at the American Insurance Institute for Highway Safety:{{Cite web|url=https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/iihs-examines-driver-assistance-features-in-road-track-tests|title=IIHS examines driver assistance features in road, track tests|website=IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety}}

{{Blockquote|text=We're not ready to say yet which company has the safest implementation of Level 2 driver assistance, but it's important to note that none of these vehicles is capable of driving safely on its own...}}

The report indicated that only the Tesla Model 3 stayed within the lane on all 18 trials.

Quote from the report:

{{Blockquote|text=The evidence for safety benefits of active lane-keeping systems isn't as pronounced as for ACC. Still, the potential to prevent crashes and save lives is large. IIHS research shows that preventing lane-departure crashes could save nearly 8,000 lives in a typical year...}}

References

External links

[https://comma.ai/ Comma.ai open source lane centering system]
[http://indexsmart.mirasmart.com/25esv/PDFfiles/25ESV-000220.pdf Real-world analysis of fatal run-out-of-lane crashes using the national motor vehicle crash causation survey to assess lane keeping technologies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324224256/http://indexsmart.mirasmart.com/25esv/PDFfiles/25ESV-000220.pdf |date=March 24, 2018 }} [https://trid.trb.org/view/1491299 Real-World Analysis of Fatal Run-Out-of-Lane Crashes Using the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey to Assess Lane Keeping Technologies]

=News=

[https://www.cars.com/articles/which-cars-have-autopilot-for-2019-412914/ Which Cars Have Autopilot for 2019?]
[https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/lane-centering-safety-technology-features-study/ Not much faith in lane-centering technology Oct 2019]
[https://www.autopilotreview.com/cars-with-autopilot-self-driving/ Cars with Autopilot in May 2019]
[https://www.autonews.com/shift/why-level-3-automated-technology-has-failed-take-hold Why Level 3 automated technology has failed to take hold. July 21, 2019]

=Comparisons=

[https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-vs-bmw-autopilot-battle-video/ Tesla's Autopilot battles BMW's driver-assist] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceziEp4oEFA Youtube Dec 27, 2019]

Category:Advanced driver assistance systems

Category:Warning systems